Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antibiotiques – Synthèse – Inhibiteurs'
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Boumghar-Bourtchai, Leyla. "Mécanismes émergents de résistance bactérienne aux inhibiteurs de synthèse protéique." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN3011.
Full textBosco, Michaël. "Synthèse d'inhibiteurs potentiels de la D-arabinosyltransférase : vers de nouveaux antibiotiques contre la tuberculose." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0727.
Full textTuberculosis is a major worldwide health problem. Its pathogen agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, uses a particular phospholipid, decaprenolphosphoarabinose (DPA), to build its cell wall. DPA is a specific mycobacterial phospholipid and the sugar that it contains is not found in mammalians. It is a good therapeutic target to develop new antituberculosis drugs. This thesis reports the synthesis of DPA analogues, aimed at inhibiting arabinosyltransferase, a key-enzyme involved in the building of mycobacterial cell wall. At first, we have synthesized analogues in which the phosphate linkage has been replaced by a phosphonate linkage. This linkage is not cut by natural enzymatic processes. Products in which the furan cycle of natural substrate cycle has been replaced by a pyrrolidine cycle constitute the second series of analogues. Iminosugars are known to be excellent inhibitors of the related glycosidases. Preliminary tests on crude enzymatic preparation show that our products are inactive but this remains to be confirmed in vivo using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model of non pathogenic mycobacteria
Bouix-Peter, Claire. "Approche vers des inhibiteurs d'arabinosyltransférases : synthèse stéréosélective de phosphonates dérivés d'azusucres comme antibiotiques spécifiques des mycobactéries." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0551.
Full textViegas, Christina. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la 5-méthylthioribose kinase (MTR). : Recherche de nouveaux agents antibiotiques et antiprotozaires." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS023.
Full textTran, Thi Phuong Anh. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux ligands d'ARN en tant qu'inhibiteurs de la production de microARN oncogènes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4076/document.
Full textMicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that act as regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence has indicated that the deregulation of miR expression is linked to various human cancers and therefore, miRs represent a new class of potential drug targets. In this context, my PhD project focused on the discovery of new inhibitors of oncogenic miRs production. Toward this aim, two different but complementary approaches were followed: (i) the screening of small libraries of compounds and (ii) the design and synthesis of new classes of conjugates as binders of miRNA precursors (pre-miRs). In particular, we focused our attention on miR-372 and miR-373, two oncogenic miRs overexpressed in various cancers, such as gastric cancer. We showed that some of the screened or of the newly synthesized compounds are able to efficiently bind to stem-loop structured precursors of the targeted miRs with high affinity, thus inhibiting the production of their corresponding mature miRs at the level of Dicer cleavage. Moreover, we found compounds bearing a specific anti-proliferative activity in gastric cancer cells overexpressing targeted miRs and this activity is directly linked to a decrease in the production of oncogenic miR-372 and -373 and to the restoration of normal mRNA translation
Auberger, Nicolas. "Vers de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la transférase bactérienne MraY : Conception et synthèse de bioisostères de pyrophosphate." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05S001.
Full textIn order to contain the expansion of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, development of new antibacterial agents and research for new enzymatic targets are required. The bacterial transferase MraY, involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, is such a target. The aim of this work was to design and synthesize analogs of UDP-Mur/VAc-pentapeptide, the natural nucleotidic substrate of MraY. The main modification was directed towards the pyrophosphate group, which is the key moiety responsible for the substrate reactivity. Two bioisosteres families were targeted: β-ketophosphonate analogs and phosphinoylmethylphosphonate analogs. Synthesis of these structures required preparation of phosphorus synthons and C-glycosides variously fonctionalised. Development of thiophosphophosphate bioisosteres was also initiated in order to investigate the MraY mechanism
Dessinges, Aimée. "Synthèse d'hydrates de carbone fluorés et applications biologiques (médecine nucléaire, antibiotiques, inhibiteurs d'enzymes) : les isotopes de l'oxygène en chimie des substances naturelles." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112018.
Full textHernández, Jessica. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la résistance bactérienne ciblant la pompe d'efflux AcrAB-ToIC chez Enterobacter aerogenes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5508.
Full textOverexpression of Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pumps (EP) is a major contributor in multidrug resistance (MDR) and pathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria. These transporters are able to expel out of the bacterial cell clinically important antibiotic classes, contributing in a significant manner to the treatment failure of infectious diseases. With the worrying levels of bacterial resistance reported worldwide and the continuous spreading of MDR pathogens, EPs are interesting targets for the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, to overcome this mechanism, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are being developed as adjuvants in order to restore or improve the activity of usual antibiotics. The AcrAB-TolC archetype is particularly widespread in Enterobacter spp. presenting clinical relevance (ESKAPE pathogens). In this study, we described the drug design strategy based on fluoroquinolone antibiotic analogs, against the AcrB pump of E. aerogenes. Thus, synthesis and microbiological evaluation of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were performed. The structural and molecular properties of the tested compounds (i. e. rigidity and flexibility) were also investigated. In this purpose, a scaffold hopping of the quinazolinone core to homologous benzoquinazolinones and precursors benzamides were carried out. Several molecules increased the bacterial susceptibility towards norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. The obtained results, supported by molecular modeling, suggest that molecular flexibility and the nature of chemical functions play a critical role to improve activity and selectivity on fluoroquinolone potentiation targeting AcrB efflux pump
Macé, Kévin. "Le contrôle qualité de la synthèse protéique comme cible pour le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B034/document.
Full textThe current PhD work brings together various studies linked to bacterial protein synthesis. The first chapter is about the origins of protein synthesis at the time of the RNA world. This theoretical work continues with the presentation of a high-resolution structure of the elongation factor G (EF-G) in complex with the ribosome by cryo-electron transmission microscopy (cryo-TEM). We describe for the first time EF-G bound to the ribosome in the absence of any inhibitor. This particular structure of EF-G displays a yet unseen positioning of its third domain, which becomes very flexible. This study helps to understand the way the antibiotic fusidic acid blocks translation. The work then switches to a study of trans-translation, the main rescuing system of stalled ribosomes in bacteria. Trans-translation is generally vital or at least necessary for bacterial virulence. We conducted a preliminary structural study on the way faulty mRNAs are degraded during this process. This is why we present a study of trans-translation as a target for the development of new antibiotics. For this we developed and validated a reporter system for trans-translation, which is used to screen molecules targeting trans-translation
Compain, Sandy. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d'une nouvelle série d'inhibiteurs, de type N-hydroxy Pyridine-2-one, visant la méthionine aminopeptidase d'E. coli : amélioration des activités antibactériennes via les métallodrogues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB094.
Full textMethionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is an ubiquitous metalloprotein present in allprokaryotes and essential to the maturation of proteins in bacteria. Despite to be also present in eukaryotes, it is an attractive target to design new antibacterial agents. Numerous inhibitors targeting MetAP have been developed these last years, but none of then have been further studied because of too low antibacterial activities. We chose to work on MetAP1 from E. coli strain (EcMetAP), as an example of Gram negative bacteria, for which several X-ray structures of the enzyme in complex with inhibitors are available in the literature. A new series of inhibitors functionalized by a 1-hydroxypyrdin-2-one (HOPO) as chelating group has been designed and synthesized. The backbone of these HOPOs has been designed by molecular modeling, starting from the X-ray structure of EcMetAP loaded with Mn(II) incomplex with simple hydroxamic acids and previously solved in the lab. Three types of ligands have been selected and further synthesized. However HOPO substituted in position 5 by a methyl indole could not be obtained, instead a polyfunctionalized molecule with a HOPO substituted by a ring-opening derivative of the indole was isolated and completely characterized. The biological activities of all the molecules were determined. Five of them displayed inhibitory effect against EcMetAP-Mn with IC50 lower than 5 μM. The antibacterial activities are modest againt a wild type E. coli strain and an E. coli strain deleted from the AcrAB efflux pump system, but the sensitivity is increased by adding polymyxin nonapeptide. So, the results can be improved using the metal- chaperone strategy previously developed in the team, which allows, by grafing a permeabilizing agent on an ancillary ligand complexed to a metal cation with the HOPO inhibitor, to favor the uptake of the drug by the bacteria
Delaine, Tamara. "Conception, synthèse, étude de l'équilibre tautomérique et évaluation biologique de nouveaux analogues de l'adduit Isiniazide-NAD(H) comme inhibiteur d'InhA de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/49/.
Full textThe resurgence of tuberculosis can be associated to the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain to the most important antitubercular drugs as isoniazid (INH). INH is a prodrug that requires activation by catase peroxydase KatG to form with NADH the INH-NAD adduct. This adduct inhibits the InhA enzyme, necessary to the biosynthesis of mycolic acids that are essential components of mycobacterial envelope. The resistance to INH is resulting from mutations in katG that diminish its ability to convert INH in active form. So, compounds able to inhibit directly InhA without requiring activation have tremendous promise as novel drugs. We have synthesized in one first stage, truncated analogues of INH-NAD adduct in order to eliminate resistance problems attributed to KatG. The biological evaluation of these compounds did not exhibit satisfactory inhibition of the enzyme InhA neither of the mycobacterial growth. In one second stage, we have developed another strategy named bi-substrate. All compounds prepared was tested on the inhibition of InhA and mycobacterial growth and it gave interesting and promising results. Next we have used simplified analogues to studied tautomerism equilibrium of INH-NAD adduct with experimental data supported by studies of molecular modeling. Lastly, in order to try to understand this phenomenon, we carried out studies of interaction of different adducts present in solution with InhA by docking and molecular dynamics
Loczechin, Aleksandra. "Les nanomatériaux en carbone : des alternatives antibactériennes et antivirales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I117.
Full textIncreasing antibiotic resistance and limited development of new drugs necessitate the search for alternative strategies to eradicate bacterial infections. Similar problems are faced in the development of antiviral therapeutics, due to the constant emergence of new viruses and their ability to escape therapy by genetic mutations. This work investigates the potential antibacterial and/or antiviral activity of carbon-based nanostructures such as diamond nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in combination with cryogels. CQDs formed by hydrothermal synthesis from 4-aminophenylboronic acid as the carbon precursor showed to be efficient in the inhibition of the viral attachment of human coronavirus HCoV-229E-Luc to cells with an EC50 of 5.2±0.7 µg mL-1. Mechanistic studies suggest that the CQDs are acting at the early stage of virus infection as well at the viral replication step. In parallel, we took advantage of the multivalent character of CQDs as well as nanodiamonds and modified them with short synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Tests of these nanostructures against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli pathogens showed increased antibacterial activity when compared to AMPs alone. In the case of rGO combined with cryogels loaded with AMPs, bacterial eradication was achieved efficiently and on-demand using near-infrared light as external trigger to release AMPs
Hervin, Vincent. "Synthèse d’analogues de nucléosides et d'hétérocycles visant l'inhibition des Mur ligases bactériennes." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3110.
Full textLast decade, a growing problem of antibiotic resistance has become true worries for public health. Since the golden age of antibiotics, their development contributed to improve new marketing active compounds with large broad structural varieties, especially against mycobacteria, pneumococcal or staphylococcal strains. However, pathogenic bacterial infections, still an urgent public health concern because of bacterial resistance, remove the efficacy of employed antibiotics. Therefore, the development of new structural compounds for new antibiotics is a most potent pathway to improve their biological powerful against multi- and/or resistant bacterial strains. This manuscript describes new nucleosidic analogues obtained by diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) approach. Thus, new synthetic methodology for carbocyclic nucleosides cyclopentanone moiety was investigated and carba-nucleoside from virtual screening was synthetized. Small library of heterocyclic compounds containing an indole structure was developed. Key reactions was used like 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) allowing to develop a diversity-oriented synthesis approach (DOS). Furthermore, new methodology for pseudo-sugar of carbanucleoside synthesis use an allylic C-H activation cyclization palladium-catalyzed as C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation. These molecules have been shown to be active against Mur ligases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Daher, Racha. "Nouveaux inhibiteurs selectifs des fructoses bis-phosphate aldolases de classe II (a zinc) : synthèse, évaluation biochimique, potentialité antibiotique." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112015.
Full textFructose -1,6-bis-phosphate aldolase (FBA), one of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucose: glycolysis or in gluconeogenesis, allows the reversible cleavage of the fructose bisphosphate (FBP) into two trioses: dihydroxyacétone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). FBA are divided into two classes depending on their reaction mechanism. Class I FBA are only found in higher organisms (mammals), green algae and some prokaryotes while class II FBA are only found in lower organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, microalgae, including many pathogenic microbes (M. Tuberculosis, H. Pylori, Y. Pestis). Based on mechanistic and structural differences between these two classes we conceived, synthesized and tested new selective inhibitors of class II FBA. The synthesized inhibitors are analogues of fructose bisphosphate (FBP) and present the particularity of having a hydroxamate group in position 2-3, able to chelate the metal ion present in the active site of the enzyme. Their inhibitory properties were evaluated on the FBA class I (rabbit muscle) and class II (M. Tuberculosis, H. Pylori, Y. Pestis, C. Albicans). These tests have helped to highlight the very strong inhibition of these compounds, and an excellent selectivity for class II aldolases. Inhibitors or their derivatives could inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms such as M. Tuberculosis, H. Pylori, M. Liprae, C. Albicans. Eight compounds (TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9) were synthesized and tested in vitro on target enzymes from various pathogenic. The best one (TD7) presents an IC50 <1nm and a selectivity Class II vs. Class I> 100 000
Saez, Cabodevilla Jaione. "Nouveaux inhibiteurs de la quinolinate synthase comme potentiels antibactériens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV047/document.
Full textResistance to antibiotics is becoming a world-wide threat. Microorganisms are able to withstand drugs leading to persistence of diseases. This is why the research of new drugs is of great importance nowadays.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor and substrate in numerous biological reactions. For this reason, both the enzymes that use it as a substrate and those participating on its biosynthetic pathway are largely studied as potential antibacterial targets. In this context, we are interested in the development of new antibacterial drugs against quinolinate synthase enzyme (NadA). This enzyme participates in the prokaryotic NAD de novo biosynthetic pathway and is essential in two pathogens: Helicobacter pylori, cause of gastric ulcers and cancers, and Mycobacterium leprae, responsible of leprosy. The fact that NadA only exists in prokaryotes and the fact that it is essential for these two pathogens make it an interesting target for the design of new antibacterial drugs. Quinolinate synthase is a [4Fe-4S] cluster enzyme, where one of the Fe sites is coordinated by a water molecule in the resting state, and plays a Lewis acid role during catalysis. The reaction catalyzed by NadA consists in the formation of quinolinic acid (QA), precursor of NAD, from iminoaspartate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Based on the discovery in our laboratory of the first inhibitor of NadA (DTHPA) that coordinates irreversibly the catalytic iron site of the cluster, we designed and synthesized a family of molecules as potential more specific NadA inhibitors. These molecules contain a benzene/pyridine or pyrazine ring, two vicinal carboxylates and a thiol as an iron coordinating group: 4-mercaptophthalic acid (4MP), 6-mercaptopyridine-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (6MPDC), 5-mercaptopyrazine-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (5MPzDC) and 5-mercaptopyridine-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (5MPDC). We demonstrated that these molecules inhibit NadA enzyme in vitro in the same range as DTHPA. Using different spectroscopies and crystallography, we demonstrated that inhibition occurs by coordination of the molecules to the catalytic iron site through their thiol group. We investigated also in vitro the specificity of these molecules. We demonstrated that 4MP and 5MPDC molecules are specific NadA inhibitors when assayed on bacterial aconitase B, a [4Fe-4S] enzyme, whose cluster displays functional and structural properties similar to those of NadA.Finally, we investigated the QA pathway inhibition activity of the four molecules in cellulo, in an Escherichia coli strain. Whereas, 6MPDC and 5MPzDC molecules inhibit E. coli growth in a QA biosynthetic pathway independent manner, 4MP and 5MPDC (the two in vitro specific inhibitors) did not show any in cellulo inhibition activity. Since this lack of activity might be due to a lack of penetration of the molecules inside bacteria, we thought about assisting the penetration of the molecules using a transmembrane carrier, a simplified analogue of the tetra-cyclopeptide FR235222 natural product. We synthetized and coupled the cyclopeptide to the 4MP inhibitor. Unfortunately, no E. coli growth inhibition was observed. The Ph.D ended by investigating the penetration of the tetra-cyclopeptide inside bacteria, using some fluorophore agents
Dessinges, Aimée. "Synthèse d'hydrates de carbone fluorés et applications biologiques (médecine nucléaire, antibiotiques, inhibiteurs d'enzymes) les isotopes de l'oxygène en chimie des substances naturelles." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597114q.
Full textPesset, Bénédicte. "Conception, synthèse et vectorisation d'inhibiteurs potentiels de la protéine bactérienne TonB." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ089/document.
Full textThe increasing resistances to the current antibiotherapies, and the potential use of pathogenic bacteria as biological weapons led us to the absolute necessity of discovering new biological targets and new antibiotic strategies. In this context, iron uptake pathways of Gram negative bacteria are promising targets. Indeed, iron is an essential nutrient, but it has a low bioavailability. Bacteria have developed efficient iron uptake pathways in order to proliferate. Iron is transported in the bacterial cell by specific outer membrane transporters and thanks to the energy provided by a complex molecular machinery, called TonB. The TonB protein, which is the keystone of this machinery, is a key target for the development of new antibiotics. We would like to sequester this protein in the periplasm thanks to molecules constituted of a peptidic moiety and a heterocyclic moiety such as isoindole or 1,2,4-triazine. The conception and the synthesis of these compounds are presented in this document, as well as their possibilities to be vectorized using a “Trojan Horse” strategy. Our contribution to the development of an in vitro test of affinity is presented as well
Achi, Sabah Samira. "Nouvelle voie d'acces aux acides alpha -amines, par catalyse homogene a l'aide de complexes de metaux de transition, synthese de nouveaux complexes phosphores chiraux du tungstene pentacarbonyle." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066227.
Full textRocheleau, Sylvain. "Conception et synthèse de Mannopyrannosides comme inhibiteurs sélectifs du FimH chez les souches uropathogènes d'Escherichia coli." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3719/1/M11650.pdf.
Full textWang, Qingan. "Synthèse d'inhibiteurs de l'adhésion du FIMH de E. Coli." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/631/1/M10031.pdf.
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