Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anticonvulsants – Side effects

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Academic literature on the topic 'Anticonvulsants – Side effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Anticonvulsants – Side effects"

1

Hartshorn, Jeanette C. "Decreasing Side Effects of Anticonvulsants." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 5, no. 1 (1986): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-198601000-00005.

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2

Schmitz, Bettina. "Side Effects of Anticonvulsants - An Interdisciplinary Challenge." Aktuelle Neurologie 29 (April 2002): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-27805.

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3

Petukhova, A. A., A. A. Panov, Ya V. Malygin, and M. A. Kazanfarova. "Side effects of psychotropic drugs on eye." Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 21, no. 1 (2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-29-33.

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Any antipsychotics provoke more or less ocular complications. Some of them are relatively harmless (i.e., dark eyelids, conjunctival and corneal pigmentation, mydriasis, nystagmus, dry eye etc.). These adverse effects are resolved spontaneously after treatment discontinuation, drug switching, or prescribing additional therapy. However, the intake of both typical and atypical neuroleptics, lithium salts, some anticonvulsants (e.g., topiramate) is associated with high risks of vision loss. Moreover, in some patients these medications may result in blindness. The use of psychotropic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin reuptake inhibitors) in patients with higher risk of acute angle closure is of particular concern. The association between phenothiazines and anticonvulsants and retinopathy, chlorpromazine and cataract, anticonvulsants and poor color vision and reduced contrast sensitivity is also important. Psychiatrists and ophthalmologists should consider potential ocular side effects in patients receiving psychotropic drugs. Knowing management algorithm for these conditions is also important. The number of recent publications on this issue is limited. Therefore, articles older than 10 years are sometimes used. Keywords: eye, visual organ, adverse effects, psychotropic drugs, neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, glaucoma, retinopathy, cataract. For citation: Petukhova A.A., Panov A.A., Malygin Ya.V., Kazanfarova M.A. Side effects of psychotropic drugs on eye. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):29–33. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-29-33.
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4

Rahajeng, Bangunawati, Zullies Ikawati, Tri Murti Andayani, and Iwan Dwiprahasto. "A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: THE OFF-LABEL USE OF ANTICONVULSANTS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 5 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25388.

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Objective: Anticonvulsant is one class of drugs often used off-label. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and the indication of the off-label use of anticonvulsants in a private hospital in Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was an observational study with a retrospective data collection in a private hospital in Java. Data were obtained on the prescription of anticonvulsants. Indications of the use of anticonvulsants were obtained from the medical records of patients who were prescribed anticonvulsants. The off-label use of anticonvulsants was defined a prescribing of medication outside the indication approved by The National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia (NA-DFC). The use off-label of anticonvulsants was calculated by descriptive analysis and presented as a percentage.Results: It showed that in one year there were 5,310 for 1,316 patients: of this 462 patients (35.11%) were for an off-label use. The anticonvulsants used off-label were oxcarbazepine 67.27% (37/55), carbamazepine 46.15% (54/117), pregabalin45.45% (60/132), phenytoin37.62% (225/598), valproate 25.34% (37/109), and gabapentin 18.28% (49/219). The highest off-label use of anticonvulsants was found in neurological and psychiatric disorders 67.32% (n=311), and on 97.19% of them were not supported by strong clinical evidence.Conclusion: The off-label use of anticonvulsants occurred in one-third of patients receiving prescriptions of anticonvulsants, even though for most of them there was a lack of evidence. More attention must be paid to the efficacy and risk of side effects of the drug used.
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Gaulin, Bruce. "The Use of Anticonvulsants in Psychiatry." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 2 (1996): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009600900206.

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The use of anticonvulsants in psychiatry has steadily increased in recent years. Two anticonvulsants in particular, carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA), have become commonplace in psychiatric practice for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Schizoaffective dis order and aggression have also been treated with these agents. Indications, pharmacokinetics, drug inter actions, side effects, and monitoring of the anticonvulsants are discussed. Copyright © 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company
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Tsallagova, E. V., V. O. Generalov, and T. R. Sadykov. "Hyperandrogenism as a side effect of anticonvulsants." Epilepsia and paroxyzmal conditions 10, no. 2 (2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2018.10.2.043-050.

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Aim: confirm the connection between hyperandrogenism and side effects of antiepileptic drugs in women. Materials andMethods. Body weight, the menstrual cycle periodicity and the blood concentration of dihydrotestosterone were monitored in 278 women taking various antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, and levetiracetam). The measurements were made at 3, 6, and 12 month after the treatment began.Results. Among women taking valproic acid for 12 months, the average weight gain was 14.4%, and in the group of carbamazepine – 5.4%. In women taking lamotrigine and levetiracetam, the weight gain did not exceed 1.2%. With topiramate, a decrease in the body weight by 1.4% was found. Among women taking valproic acid, the occurrence rate of menstrual cycle disorders increased by 64.9% after 12 months of treatment. In women taking carbamazepine the increase was 22.6%. In the other groups, this increase did not exceed 3.7%. The occurrence of menstrual cycle disorders correlated with an increase in the level of dihydrotestosterone. In women taking valproic acid, an increase in the concentration of blood dihydrotestosterone from 256.8 pg/ml to 526.32 pg/ml was found at the time-point of 12 months. In the group taking carbamazepine, an increase in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone from 268.4 pg/ml to 354.4 pg/ml was noted. In the other groups, fluctuations in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone were insignificant.Conclusion. The body weight gain and the menstrual cycle disorders during anticonvulsant therapy are associated with hyperandrogenism.
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7

Toth, Peter, and Frances R. Frankenburg. "Clozapine and Seizures: A Review." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 4 (1994): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900409.

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Clozapine, a novel antipsychotic agent, is an alternative to standard neuroleptic therapy for psychotic disorders. Some advantages of clozapine over neuroleptics are that it may be a more effective antipsychotic in treatment resistant patients and has a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. However, seizures associated with clozapine treatment occur at a rate of about three percent. Factors which seem to increase the likelihood of seizures include high doses of clozapine, rapid dose titration, the concurrent use of other epileptogenic agents and a previous history of neurological abnormalities. A strategy that has been proposed to reduce the occurrence of seizures is the addition of an anticonvulsant agent. At present, little rigorous scientific evidence exists to establish the effectiveness of this strategy or the choice of an anticonvulsant. However, based on what evidence there is and the side effect profiles of the various anticonvulsants, the authors propose the use of valproic acid for the prophylaxis and management of clozapine related seizures.
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Currier, Valerie, Maryam Molki, Katelyn Fryman, Lacey D. Rodgers та A. Michael Crider. "Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of α-Amino Acid Amide Derivatives". Current Bioactive Compounds 15, № 5 (2019): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180530081328.

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Background: Epilepsy is a disease of the central nervous system that affects approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Although several new drugs have been marketed in the last 25 years, almost one-third of patients are not protected. In many cases, currently available drugs produce undesirable side effects. As a result, a need exists for novel anticonvulsants with unique mechanisms of action and minimal side effects. Methods: A mixed anhydride coupling procedure and standard deprotection procedures were utilized to prepare 36 α-amino acid amides. All final products were evaluated in mice and rats utilizing a standard battery of anticonvulsant tests. Results: α-Amino acids containing a 2,6-dimethylanilide group exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure test and 6 Hz test in mice and rats. A small, branched-chain on the α- carbon generally maintained or enhanced anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure test. The (R)-α-amino acid amides were typically more potent and slightly more neurotoxic than the corresponding (S)-enantiomers. The valine dimethylanilide (R)-42 was highly active in the MES test in mice (ED50 = 3.6mg/kg) and rats (ED50 = 3.8 mg/kg). (R)-42 also demonstrated excellent anticonvulsant activity in the 6 Hz, picrotoxin, and corneal kindled mouse tests. Furthermore, (R)-42 did not lower seizure threshold when evaluated in the intravenous metrazol seizure test. Conclusion: α-Amino acid 2,6-dimethylanilides exhibited potent activity in a variety of anticonvulsant tests in mice and rats. The valine derivative (R)-42 represents a promising compound for potential use in complex partial seizures.
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Post, Robert M., Kiki D. Chang, Trisha Suppes, and David L. Ginsberg. "Treatment of Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder." CNS Spectrums 9, S2 (2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900026389.

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AbstractApproximately 40% of bipolar patients experience rapid cycling, and half of these suffer from ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling. These patterns are also common in children. Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder is difficult to bring to remission and often requires treatment with four or more classes of psychotropic medications. Lithium, even in combination with anticonvulsants or antidepressants, is often associated with residual episodic depressions. Concerns with adjunctive antidepressant treatment include their low response and remission rates and their tendency to cause switch into mania. Atypical antipsychotics and selected agents within the anticonvulsant class are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of rapid cycling. In the absence of clear treatment guidelines, the use and sequencing of drugs in complex combination treatment remains exploratory, but should be individualized based on careful prospective mood charting by the patient. Use of several drugs below their side-effect thresholds may prevent certain side effects. In children, long-term safety considerations are particularly important in the absence of a strong controlled clinical trials database.
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Noviasky, John A., Anton P. Porsteinsson, and Yeong H. Lee. "Second Generation Anticonvulsant Medications: Their Use in Children." Journal of School Nursing 17, no. 2 (2001): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105984050101700208.

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The pharmacotherapy of seizure disorders has long relied on a few standard medications such as phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), valproate (Depakote), and others that represent the “first generation” of anticonvulsants. This article reviews the newer, “second-generation” anticonvulsants that were developed in the last decade. The addition of these second-generation agents has doubled the number of therapies available for the treatment of seizure disorders. They include felbamate (Felbatol), gabapentin (Neurontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), levetiracetam (Keppra), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), tiagabine (Gabitril), topiramate (Topamax), and zonisamide (Zonegran). This article describes the known side effects of the second-generation agents and reviews the adverse reactions of the first generation of anticonvulsants as a guide to potential toxicities. Reference tables are included that note usual dosages, available dosage forms, and tablet imprint. In addition, this article describes monitoring parameters and gives specific information regarding the use of these agents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anticonvulsants – Side effects"

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Leroy, Brendan A. "Immunological characterization and localization of cell cycle regulatory proteins in preimplantation mouse embryos." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1125138.

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The anticonvulsant drug, Dilantin, in many cases must be taken by epileptic mothers to control seizures during pregnancy, but unfortunately, it has been characterized as a human teratogen. It has also been demonstrated that many of the teratogenic effects of Dilantin occur during postimplantation, but some studies implicate a detrimental role for Dilantin during the preimplantation stages of development. Some of the postimplantation effects include congenital malformations and the potential'loss of the fetus. Our lab has proposed that in preimplantation mouse embryos the drug may be altering the timing of expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and therefore, we have begun to examine the expression of these proteins. Thus, it was the goal of this study to characterize and localize various cell cycle proteins at specific time points in normal in vivo preimplantation mouse embryos, as this will provide important baseline information for studies on how anticonvulsant drugs may alter cell cycle regulation in embryos.Western blotting has confirmed the presence of cyclin BI in G1 of the first cell cycle. Both cyclin E and CDK2 were not detected in GI or G2/M of the first cell cycle or GI of the second cell cycle.From the immunogold TEM experiments, the density of cyclin B1 staining was observed to be the highest at G1 of the first cell cycle and declined at S and G2/M. Cyclin B 1 was detected in all regions of the embryo including the microvilli, cortical cytoplasm, interior cytoplasm, and was observed to be associated with vesicles and some filaments. The gold particles at GI, S, and G2/N4 of the first cell cycle and G1 of the second cell cycle appear to be associated with filamentous and membraneous structures and not free in the cytoplasmic spaces. Cyclin B 1 expression was more concentrated around vesicles at G1 of the first cell cycle and in general, was more concentrated around vesicles than in microvilli and cortical cytoplasm, interior cytoplasm, or around filaments at each cell cycle stage tested.<br>Department of Biology
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Books on the topic "Anticonvulsants – Side effects"

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Ried, Sibylle. Epilepsy, pregnancy, and the child. Blackwell Science, 1996.

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Matti, Sillanpää, ed. Epilepsy and mental retardation. Wrightson Biomedical Pub., 1999.

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3

Chris, Sackellares J., and Berent Stanley, eds. Psychological disturbances in epilepsy. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

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Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent, Sofia Brissos, Maria Lacruz, and Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos. Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0025.

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Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD), which may be further compounded by several clinical factors, such as medications. There is growing interest on the potential impact of pharmacotherapy (lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and other) on neurocognition. This chapter summarizes a critical, descriptive update of the literature, mostly focused on human data. Based on current studies, medication-associated neurocognitive side effects cannot be clearly distinguished from those intrinsic to BD. Moreover, available research is limited by several methodological flaws. We suggest some likely profitable directions to move the field forward, as well as several recommendations to manage cognitive deficits in clinical practice. The neurocognitive impact of medications used to treat BD clearly warrants further, higher-quality research.
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Ried, Sibylle, Sibylle Ri, and Gertrud Beck-Managetta. Epilepsy, Pregnancy and the Child. Blackwell Science, 1997.

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Golier, Julia A., Andreas C. Michaelides, Maya Genovesi, Emily Chapman, and Rachel Yehuda. Pharmacological Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0019.

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Although psychotherapy is considered first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), advances have been made in pharmacological treatment. Based on controlled clinical trials, antidepressants remain the first-line pharmacological treatment. Studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce PTSD-specific symptoms and improve global outcome. Emerging evidence suggests efficacy for venlafaxine. Other individual agents found to be efficacious include imipramine and phenelzine. Prazosin is emerging as a beneficial adjunct for PTSD-related sleep disturbances and nightmares. Some evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics may be efficacious against a broad range of symptoms, although the risk of metabolic side effects may limit widespread use. Trials are needed to assess whether anticonvulsants, cortisol-based treatments, sympatholytics, or other novel approaches are efficacious, and how pharmacotherapy can enhance psychotherapy outcomes. These studies should consider the goals of pharmacotherapy in PTSD and the subgroups of patients or clinical presentations most likely to benefit from pharmacological interventions.
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Kossoff, Eric H. Overview: Ketogenic Diets and Pediatric Epilepsy. Edited by Eric H. Kossoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0001.

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When the classic ketogenic diet was created in 1921, it was one of the few treatments in existence for the treatment of epilepsy. As a result, its use was widespread and publications were plentiful. The advent of modern anticonvulsant drugs led to relative disuse of the ketogenic diet for many decades, however, until the Charlie Foundation reinvigorated interest and research in 1994. Today there are four major diets available, myriad methods to start and manage patients receiving this therapy, and growing numbers of adolescents and adults being treated. This section, “Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy in the Clinic,” discusses all of these advances in practical implementation of dietary therapy. In addition, chapters focus on the “indications” for dietary therapy that are both proven and investigational at this time. Lastly, methods to prevent side effects are outlined.
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Book chapters on the topic "Anticonvulsants – Side effects"

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Schachter, Steven C. "Anticonvulsant Agents: Principal Considerations on Effectiveness, Side Effects, and Interactions." In NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_280-1.

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Ghaemi, S. Nassir. "Other Agents (Glutamate Antagonists, Antihistamines, Melatonin Agonists, and Others)." In Clinical Psychopharmacology, edited by S. Nassir Ghaemi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199995486.003.0013.

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A final drug class of other agents includes glutamate antagonists, antihistamines, and melatonin agonists. These agents have a range of clinical uses, but most are used symptomatically to produce sedation or reduce anxiety or for other symptoms. The clinical pharmacology of specific agents within each class, including their efficacy and side effects, is explored. Specific phenomena surveyed include the inefficacy of novel anticonvulsants for mood: clinicians and researchers have been excited about novel anticonvulsants, most of which have either anti-glutamate or pro-GABA effects. None have proven effective for affective illness or for any important psychiatric use, except perhaps for some mild anxiolytic effects for the GABAergic agents. The purported benefits of ketamine are also investigated.
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Ghaemi, S. Nassir. "Second-Messenger Modifiers (“Mood Stabilizers”)." In Clinical Psychopharmacology, edited by S. Nassir Ghaemi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199995486.003.0011.

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The drug class of second-messenger modifiers includes agents called “mood stabilizers.” It consists of lithium and some anticonvulsants: valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. The standard mood stabilizers each have strengths and weaknesses. Lithium is still the gold standard, most proven agent; no other drug has been clearly shown to be more effective than lithium. The clinical pharmacology of specific agents within each class, including their efficacy and side effects, is explored. Specific phenomena that are surveyed include chronic renal insufficiency, liver side effects, polycystic ovarian syndrome, teratogenicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and drug interactions. Benefits for lithium include suicide prevention and possibly dementia prevention.
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Mucklow, J. C. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80072-8.

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Davies-Jones, G. A. B. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(86)80012-5.

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Davies-Jones, G. A. B. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(87)80012-0.

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Davies-Jones, G. A. B. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(88)80072-2.

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Mucklow, J. C. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(89)80012-1.

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Mucklow, J. C. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80487-8.

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Davies-Jones, G. A. B. "Anticonvulsant drugs." In Side Effects of Drugs Annual. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-6080(85)80011-8.

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