Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antigène delta'
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Le, Gal Frédéric. "Diversité génétique du virus de l'hépatite delta (HDV) en Europe et en Afrique : caractérisation et implications en virologie médicale." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132013.
Full textHepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is satellite of hepatitis B virus. The genetic variability of HDV has led to the definition of viral genotypes, presenting specific geographic distribution. Previous studies in our laboratory have allowed to identify 7 distinct genotypes. Our laboratory is a national reference centre for HDV. This has allowed us to characterize 606 isolates from patients followed in France, and to identify an 8th genotype (HDV-8). Approximately 78% patients were infected by HDV-1, which is the most common genotype. 0. 1% were infected by HDV-2, 16. 3% by HDV-5, 1. 2% by HDV-6, 3. 6% by HDV-7 and 0. 9% by HDV-8. All patients infected by viruses HDV-5, -6, -7 and -8 were of African origin. An important genetic diversity was evidenced among HDV-1 viruses, leading to the individualisation of 3 subtypes : HDV-1AB (isolates from Europe/Asia), HDV-1C1 and 1C2 (Africa). A collaborative study with the University of Istanbul allowed us to confirm this diversity of HDV-1 viruses among isolates circulating in Turkey. Taken together, our results tend to indicate that HDV might have originated from Africa and have followed the course of human migrations via Middle-East. We have developed a test to quantify HDV RNA in plasma whatever the viral genotype. This test, employed for routine diagnosis in our laboratory, was used in 2 pilot studies within the context of collaborations with Beaujon Hospital (France) and Hippokration Hospital (Athens, Greece). We have evidenced and characterized the genetic variability of HDV. This variability should be taken into account for the elaboration of diagnostic tests. Further multicenter prospective studies should allow to estimate the impact of the genetic variability on the course of the disease and on the treatment
Davodeau, François. "Étude de la physiologie et du répertoire de reconnaissance des lymphocytes T [gamma delta] humains : contribution à l'étude des mécanismes générateurs de la diversité des récepteurs à l'antigène des lymphocytes T." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT12VS.
Full textBaron, Christophe. "Etude du polymorphisme du récepteur à l'antigène des lymphocytes T au cours de la tolérance et durant le rejet aigü d'allogreffes : étude d'un modèle préclinique de transplantation rénalechez des miniporcs homozytes et recombinants au locus du CMH." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU03.
Full textGuillaume, Yves. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la molécule CD277 dans les lymhocytres T Vγ9Vδ2." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20654.
Full textBaudhuin, Jérémy. "Régulation de l'activité d'effecteurs cellulaires de la réponse immunitaire innée par interaction des récepteurs inhibiteurs ILT2 et ILT4 avec la molécule HLA-G." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077207.
Full textDisruption or subversion of innate immunity tolerogenic mechanisms can lead to several diseases. On one hand, interaction of ILT2 inhibitory receptor expressed on NK and y8 T cells with HLA-G molecule expressed on tumor cells enable these last to escape from the antitumor activity of these two populations. Indeed, independently from tumor lipid rafts integrity, HLA-G prevents the organisation of NK cells immunological synapse and therefore inhibits their cytolytic activity. Moreover, it induces the inhibition of y5 T cells proliferation, IFN-y synthesis and cytotoxicity. On the other hand, engagement of ILT4, another inhibitory receptor for HLA-G, on neutrophils surface, entails the decrease of both CD32a-dependent phagocytic and oxidative functions. ILT4 is also contained in intracytoplasmic granules and its surface expression can consequently be increased through exocytosis following a pro-inflammatory stimulus. By this way, exocytosis contributes to the regulation of neutrophil activity. The use of sepsis patients' samples indicates that ILT4 up-regulation is disrupted in an inflammatory context and suggests an impact on neutrophils activity in this syndrome. Overall, these studies enable us to propose HLA-G and its receptors ILT2 and ILT4 as new therapeutic targets to optimize immunotherapy treatments for cancer patients or as therapeutic tools in the treatment of inflammatory disorders
Lesport, Emilie. "Etude des mécanismes d'échappement des tumeurs aux cellules NK et T γδ induits par la molécule HLA-G." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077043.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells are both cytotoxic effectors playing a major role in the immunosurveillance of cancers. Even though tumors can be eliminated thanks to the potent anti-tumoral fonctions of these immune cells, it is well establish that they develop various mechanisms in order to évade the immune System. In this regard, the aim of my thesis was to understand how the expression of the tolerogenic molécule HLA-G by tumor cells contributes to their escape from NK and γδ T cell recognition. We identified the molecular events leading to the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity induced by tumor cells expressing HLA-G. Our results demonstrate that the interaction of the ILT2 inhibitory receptor expressed by NK cells with HLA-G inhibits the reorganization of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton within the NK cells, thus preventing the polarization and the delivery of lytic granules toward the tumor target cells. In parallel, we studied the effect of HLA-G expression by tumor cells on the fonctions of γδ T cells. We showed that primary tumor cells expressing HLA-G are protected against γδ T cell-mediated cytolysis and that this inhibition was due to the interaction of HLA-G with ILT2. Moreover, our data indicate that HLA-G expression by tumor cells inhibits both the production of IFN-y and the proliferation of γδ T cells. Altogether, these results are important for a better understanding of the mechanisms linking HLA-G expression and tumor immune escape. In the future, they could contribute to the optimization of immunotherapy treatments for cancer patients expressing HLA-G
Bernage, Fabienne. "Virus de l'hépatite D : Etude séro-épidémiologique du virus Delta dans un hôpital de la région parisienne." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P025.
Full textAbdou, Chekaraou Mariama. "Variabilité génétique des souches virales HBV et HDV circulant dans la région du Sahara en Afrique et étude de la co-spéciation HBV/HDV." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132001.
Full textInfection with hepatitis B (HBV) in SubSaharan Africe is an issue of major public health. The prevalence of the envelope protein of the virus, HBs antigen (HBsAg) can reach up to 30% in some countries. In addition it is estimated between 70 to 100 million, the number of chronic carriers of HBV with an annual death rate of about 250 000. Data on coinfection with hepatitis D (HDV) virus satellite of HBV are very rare because very few studies have been conducted. In terms of molecular characterization of HBV and HDV circulating strains, studies, although partial and conducted with a small number of samples, have been reported. Two HBV genotypes, HBV/E, and HBV/A (with its sub genotypes A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) have been mainly identified in sub-Saharan Africa. Genotype D is confined to North Africa. In addition, several recombinant strains between genotype E and genotypes A and/or D have also been described. Concerning the HDV, 4 "African genotypes", HDV-5, -6, -7 and -8 have been characterized in the laboratory from African patients immigrants in France, who had been infected in their country of origin. Two studies conducted in Gabon confirmed the presence of HDV genotype-7 and -8. In this study we wanted to determine the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV strains circulating in Niger and more generally in the Sahara region, in neighboring countries of Mali from Mauritania and Chad. In a cohort from blood donors in Niger HBsAg carriers, we found that 80% of the studied strains belonged to genotype E. These strains showed genetic variability significantly different from that described for HBV/E strains of the literature (p <0. 005) suggesting an ancient diffusion of infection in Niger. Furthermore, we identified a new recombinant HB /D-E between strains HBV/D and HBV / E, representing nearly 20% of strains isolated in our cohort, with the specific breakpoints located in hotspots recombination described elsewhere in the literature. The recombinant HBV/D-E showed a divergence in its complete nucleotide sequence of more than 4% as compared to HBV genotypes /D described to date. The extensive phylogenetic analyses carried out allow us to classify it as clear as a new genotype, we proposed HBV/D8. Similarly, as also described by other teams, we have highlighted other recombinant HBV/E-D, both in Niger, but also in Mauritania with profiles different from each other, reflecting the high genetic variability of viral strains in the region. In contrast, the prevalence of HDV infection in Niger seemed a priori low. Four strains in our cohort (7. 8%), all classified as genotype HDV-1 were isolated. The study of HBV / HDV co-speciation in this region of Saharan Africa (Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Chad) was undertaken from 82 samples from the laboratory collection of HDV positive serum. Genotype E was associated with all delta genotypes found, HDV -1, -5 and -7. Similarly, HBV/D strain was also able to envelope the HDV-1 and -5. To test whether the envelopment of HDV or HBV was dependent or not on genotypes of virus strains, we developed a cellular in vitro model of transient co-transfection of plasmids encoding the HBsAg protein and large delta protein. The measurement method consisted of evaluating the formation of viral like particles. Preliminary results obtained with HBV/D co-transfected with HDV-1, -3, -5, -6, and -7, showed that HDV-1, but not HDV-5, was wrapped. With this model, studies are continuing to analyze the ability of the genotype E to wrapping different "Delta African genotypes"
Hourioux, Christophe. "Interactions entre les protéines d'enveloppe et les protéines de capside au cours de la morphogenèse virale : étude comparée du virus de l'hépatite B, de son satellite delta, et du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3307.
Full textBrichler, Ségolène. "Le virus de l'hépatite delta : implication du stress oxydant, de STAT-3 et de NF-kappaB dans la pathogénèse virale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T002.
Full textThe hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV uses the HBV envelope proteins to form its viral particles. The HDV genome encodes two proteins, p24 (or small protein sHDAg) and p27 (or large protein LHDAg) from a single open reading frame located on the antigenome through an editing event occuring on the delta mRNA. P24 and p27 are identical, except for the 19 additional amino acids at p27 Cterminus, which contain an isoprenylation site on a cysteine residue at position 211 (C211). This isoprenylation is critical for addressing the delta ribonucleoprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, for interaction with HBV envelope proteins, assembly and secretion of delta virions. During HBV/HDV co-infection, an inhibition of HBV replication is generally observed. However, the resulting liver disease is much more severe, with a higher incidence of fulminant hepatitis, and an accelerated progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms are unclear, but suggest a specific HDV-related pathogenesis. To explore these questions, we used a transient transfection of Huh7 hepatocytes, using plasmids encoding the p24 and p27 delta proteins. In a first study, we show that p27, and p24 to a lesser extent, inhibit HBV replication by blocking the activation of enhancers 1 and 2, reponsible for the high level of HBV replication. Moreover, p27 can activate the interferon type I (IFNa/b)-inducible MxA promoter, and potentiate the effect of IFNa/b on MxA promoter. In a second study we investigated possible specific pathogenic mechanisms relaed to HDV. The activation of oxidative stress pathways appears to be an elective mechanism in hepatitis B and C (HCV) pathogenesis. Indeed HCV nonstructural NS5A and core proteins, and HBV HBx and envelope proteins, can induce oxidative stress within infected cells. Many transcription factors involved in various cellular signaling pathways are thus activated. Among these, STAT-3, considered as a true oncogene and NF-kB are two key factors regulating proliferation and cell death. Their activation has been found in many types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results show that p27 induces a significant ER stress and an increased synthesis of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) enzyme, involved in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and serine or threonine phosphorylation of many transcription factors. Indeed, in our model, ROS production is significantly higher in cells expressing p27, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT-3 and NF-kB. These results are confirmed by the use of antioxidants and calcium inhibitors that strongly inhibit this activation. Similarly, using a p27 plasmid construct in which C211 is mutated to serine, we obtained a 50% decrease of STAT-3 and NF-kB activation, confirming the role of isoprenylation in the observed effects. In conclusion, our results constitute a first approach to understanding the mechanisms of HDV-related liver pathogenesis
Poisson, Véronique. "Séquençage d'un isolat canadien du virus de l'hépatite delta humaine et développement d'outils pour l'étude de ce pathogène." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textPoisson, Francis. "Etude de la réponse immune lors de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite delta vis-à-vis d'oligopeptides de synthèse de l'antigène delta : caractérisation des domaines de fixation de l'antigène delta à l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite delta." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3313.
Full textHarly, Christelle. "Modalités d’activation et fonctions des lymphocytes T gamma-delta humains." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=1423324b-316e-46a1-b9c4-b4b7b772a246.
Full textγdelta T lymphocytes (γdelta TL), stand in between innate and adaptative immunity. These lymphocytes are able to respond to various antigenic stimulations which reflects their potential implication in many infectious and tumoral physiopathological contexts. Fine activation modalities of these cells remain unclear, although their phenotypical and functional properties turn them potentially into pivotal players of the immune response. Understanding the modalities of activation of γdeltaTL currently represents an important issue for understanding the biology of these cells and evaluation of their therapeutical potential. The work achieved in this thesis is focused on the activation modalities of several humanγ deltaTL subsets, and leads to the identification of three major molecular players in these processes. (i) ILT2 expressed at the cell surface of B cell lines is essential for the activation of Vdelta2neg γdelta TL, (ii) EphA2 expressed by epithelial tumor cells is a key partner of Vdelta1pos γdeltaTL activation, (iii) expression of CD277 by target cells is mandatory for their specific recognition by Vdelta2pos γdeltaTL. However, the mecanisms implying these molecules in γdeltaTL activation processes remain still to be clearly defined and will be analyzed in further investigations. The expected results should lead to the evaluation of the role of these molecular and cellular players in vivo, along with their immunotherapeutical potential in various human pathologies
Mauch, Christian. "Charakterisierung der zellulären Immunantwort gegen die Hepatitis-Delta-Antigene nach DNA-Immunisierung in der Maus." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/823.
Full textHalary, Franck. "Etude des lymphocytes t gamma/delta humains : aspect du controle des fonctions biologiques et de la specificite antigenique (doctorat : immunologie)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT10VS.
Full textSaraiva, L. "Phagocytosis and MHC II antigen presentation by human gamma delta T cells." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1447870/.
Full textAnderson, Brian L. "Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Type I, Type II, and gamma delta NKT Cell Antigens." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4036.
Full textFontenay, Michaëla. "Etude multiparamétrique de 60 cas de leucémies aigües myeloblastiques : identification d'une sous-population présentant un réarrangement de la chaine delta du récepteur T pour l'antigène." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA072171.
Full textAbeywickrama, Samarakoon Natali. "Small hepatitis Delta antigen mimics a histone H3 epitope to facilitate the remodeling of the Hepatitis D virus (HDV) viral ribonucleoprotein." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1193.
Full textHepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a satellite of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), leading to more severe life threatening liver diseases than HBV mono–infection. No efficient therapy is available against HDV and the estimated 15 million HDV infected individuals worldwide are at a high risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV is a unique RNA virus as it does not encode a viral polymerase. HDV RNA replication occurs via a double rolling circle mechanism generating unit–length genomic or antigenomic RNA strands. The synthesis of the genomic RNA is sensitive to low concentrations of α–amanitin, suggesting that the RNA–dependent RNA synthesis is mediated by DNA–dependent RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). This process relies on the HDV encoded Small Hepatitis Delta antigen (S–HDAg), which must be acetylated at K72 to activate the synthesis of the genomic RNA. We recently identified BAZ2B (Bromodomain Associated to Zinc finger protein 2B) as a major interactant of S–HDAg by affinity capture coupled to mass spectrometry in differentiated HepaRG cells. The biological function of BAZ2B is however unknown. In comparison with related BAZ proteins (BAZ–1A/1B/2A), it is postulated that BAZ2B is the accessory subunit of a new chromatin remodeling complex of ISWI–type, which regulates nucleosome positioning through ATP hydrolysis. Recent studies revealed that the BAZ2B bromodomain (BRD) recognizes the distinct epigenetic signature K14ac–X–X–R on histone H3. This suggests that the mode of action of BAZ2B associated chromatin remodeling complex involves recognizing propagated specific histone acetylation marks to subsequently alter the chromatin dynamic and recruit the RNA Pol II for transcriptional activation. We hypothesized that the p300–mediated acetylation of the conserved K72–X–X–R motif in S–HDAg mimics acetylated histones on the pseudo–double stranded antigenomic RNA, to recruit the BAZ2B associated chromatin remodeling complex to initiate RNA Pol II mediated synthesis of HDV genome. To confirm the functional relevance of BAZ2B recruitment for HDV replication, we transfected Huh 7 cells stably expressing either wild–type S–HDAg or R75A mutant S–HDAg with the HDV replication defective plasmid pSVLD2m. Our results indicate that the synthesis of genomic RNA was greatly reduced in cells expressing the R75A mutant S–HDAg in comparison to cells expressing wild–type S–HDAg, whereas the amount of antigenomic RNA remained the same in both cases. Co–crystallization experiments are currently being carried out to better characterize at the molecular level the association between BAZ2B BRD and S–HDAg derived peptides. Furthermore, siRNA experiments directed against the BAZ2B gene are expected to reveal the consequences of BAZ2B inhibition on HDV viral replication. The involvement of BAZ2B in HDV replication may open anti–HDV drug development opportunities, based on the optimization of emerging BAZ2B–BRD inhibitors
Negroni, Maria P. "Studies in Antigen Presentation and Antigen Recognition at Different Interfaces of the Adaptive Immune System." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/996.
Full textAlves, Carolina Alpalhão Mantero de Mendonça. "Characterization of the hepatitis delta virus small antigen: intracellular localization, structure, multimerization and RNA binding ability." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19280.
Full textHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the causative agent of one of the most severe forms of viral hepatitis. It has a small single-stranded circular RNA genome of negative polarity and only one viral protein, the small delta antigen (S-HDAg). Following site-specific RNA editing, a second longer protein is translated, the large delta antigen (L-HDAg). Although these viral proteins share most of their sequence they play distinct roles. S-HDAg is essential for the accumulation of HDV RNAs whereas L-HDAg inhibits HDV replication and is necessary for viral assembly. With such a limited coding capacity HDV must rely extensively on host cell components to complete its replication cycle. The host DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (pol II) is thought to be re-directed to transcribe HDV RNAs. The objective of this study was to further characterize S-HDAg and clarify its role(s) during the HDV replication cycle. We observed that when S-HDAg was expressed in vivo along with replicating HDV RNA it co-located with host pol II. However, such co-localization was also observed in the presence of non-replicating HDV RNAs or when replication was inhibited by specific doses of -amanitin. Thus, we propose that S-HDAg is essential for HDV RNA accumulation by stabilizing or protecting the viral RNAs rather than acting as a direct player in HDV RNA transcription. Additionally, we observed that S-HDAg located in nucleolus when expressed in the absence of HDV RNA, and co-located with host nucleolin. However, in the presence of non-replicating HDV RNAs, S-HDAg moved to the nucleoplasm whereas nucleolin was unchanged. This suggests that S-HDAg is not interacting directly with nucleolin. In our examination of S-HDAg‟s structural features we applied a meta-predictor of intrinsic disorder, PONDR-FIT. It predicted that full-length S-HDAg has extensive intrinsic disorder. This result was confirmed in vitro by circular dichroism measurements that indicated no more than 30% of S-HDAg amino acids adopted an -helical structure. Such a lack of a well-defined rigid structure is expected to grant flexibility to the antigen allowing it to interact with several partners and perform distinct roles during the HDV replication cycle. Protein multimerization was studied by dynamic light scattering. Data analysis indicated that purified recombinant S-HDAg was able to assemble into homomultimers as high as dodecamers. Similarly, denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with prior cross-linking indicated formation of at least hexamers and octamers. Similar multimers were observed for S-HDAg present in virus-like particles indicating that S-HDAg multimerization also occurs in vivo.Finally we examined the ability of S-HDAg to bind nucleic acids in vitro. Both multimers and monomers bound to conformations of both RNA and DNA. Such a lack of specificity was probably due to electrostatic interactions between the positively-charged S-HDAg (+12) and negatively-charged nucleic acids. We propose that in vivo, extensive post-translational phosphorylation of S-HDAg reduces the positive charge, thereby contributing to interactions more specific for HDV RNAs and possibly dependent upon protein multimerization. Despite our observations presented here, some issues relating to our aims remain unresolved.
Salisse, Jessica. "Rôle de la boucle antigénique des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B à l'étape d'entrée virale." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077039.
Full textThe three HBV envelope proteins produced from a unique ORF via three AUG in frame, share the same C-terminal end, but differ in their N-terminal extension. S-HBsAg protein is made of the S domain only; M-HBsAg is made of the S and preS2 domains; and L-HBsAg is made of the S, preS2 and preSl domains. The HBV infectivity depends upon the N-terminal 75 amino acids residues of the L-HBsAg preS1 domain and a second determinant borne by the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S domain. During our study we established a précise mapping of the AGL infectivity determinant, we confirmed its strong relation with the imunodominant "a" déterminant, also borne by the AGL, and we identified several epitopes of the "a" determinant, recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. These data suggest an involvement of the "a" determinant at the HBV viral entry. Furthermore, we showed that the AGL was sufficient to mediate the heparans sulfate (HS) binding of virions at the hepatocytes surface. This binding required the positively-charged residues, R122 and K141, and depends upon the global charge of the AGL at the virions surface. Our results suggest another function of the "a" determinant, at a post-binding step
Nwaneshiudu, Adaobi I. "The Role of Gamma-Delta TCR+ T-cells in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/11843.
Full textPh.D.
The human gamma-delta (gd) TCR+ T-cell subset may undergo specific antigen-driven activation and clonal expansion, in the context of systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was; 1) To determine whether gd TCR+ T-cells are clonally expanded in skin biopsies and peripheral blood from patients with SSc; and 2) To develop approaches for identification of the antigens recognized by these clonally-expanded gd TCR+ T-cells. Total RNA was isolated from the skin biopsies and peripheral blood of patients with SSc (n=8). After cDNA synthesis, the g- and d-chain TCR transcripts were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced for analysis. Full length copies of the TCR transcripts were constructed, expressed in a TCR-negative Jurkat T-cell line using retroviral gene transduction, and verified by RT-PCR and flow cytometry for gd TCR expression. Putative antigen recognition, by the transduced gd TCR+ Jurkat T-cell lines, was assessed via; 1) Measuring intracellular calcium flux in the transduced cells after stimulation with putative SSc antigens, including DNA topoisomerase I, centromere proteins A and B, hsp 27, hsp 90 and the viral lysate of human cytomegalovirus; and 2) Cytotoxicity against human endothelial cell lines (HUVEC and HLMVEC) via measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release from the targets. We report the presence of substantial, statistically-significant, proportions of identical g- and d-chain transcripts in skin biopsies and PBMC of patients with SSc, demonstrating the presence of antigen-driven clonal expansions. Jurkat T-cells, transduced with the clonally-expanded gd TCR transcripts from a patient, showed no evidence of cytotoxicity against the human endothelial cell lines, or calcium flux in response to stimulation with the putative SSc antigens assessed. In conclusion, extensive clonal expansions of g- and d-chain TCR transcripts were identified in skin biopsies and peripheral blood of patients with SSc, demonstrating the presence of oligoclonal populations of gd TCR+ T-cells in these patients. These gd TCR+ T-cells have undergone proliferation and clonal expansion in vivo in response to as yet unidentified antigens. Furthermore, an approach has been developed for the identification of the antigens recognized by the clonally-expanded gd TCR transcripts, which can be expanded to additional patients with SSc.
Temple University--Theses
Pradines-Pagès, Christine. "Prévalence de l'infection delta en Mauritanie chez les donneurs de sang AgHBs+ asymptomatiques et au cours de hépatopathies AgHBs+ : à propos de 217 cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11028.
Full textChain, Jennifer Lee. "Elucidating the mechanisms of the human [alphabeta] vs. [gammadelta] lineage decision and the details of [gammadelta] thymocyte development." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2005.
Find full textChaouni, Benabdallah Ilham. "Etude phénotypique, génotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T à récepteur gamma/delta dans la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de : analyse comparative avec les lymphocytes T alpha/bêta." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20221.
Full textBenoît, Vincent. "Recherche de descripteurs spécifiques d'interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ligand." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066235.
Full textUnderstanding the determinants of specific protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions is of great interest for both fundamental as well as applied research. The major part of this work concerned protein-protein interfaces characterization. Noteworthy is that information for generating reliable protein-protein complex datasets is not directly accessible from PDB structures. Also, interfaces involving crystallographic symmetric chains are not directly reachable. Thus creating a database giving access to multiple protein-protein and crystallographic interfaces was found to be worthwhile. Cross referencing multiple databases as well as computing all possible interfaces inside a crystal allowed us to create a fast and flexible tool. Moreover we used docking tools to investigate protein-ligand interactions. Structures of validated inhibitors of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) polymerase delta interaction were given to us through collaboration with the Curie Institute at Orsay. Apart from generating putative structures of PCNA-inhibitors complexes we investigated docking sites locations of validated inhibitors versus putative locations of non inhibitor ones
Benezech, Cécile. "Étude de la réactivité anti-tumorale des lymphocytes T V[gamma]9V[delta]2 : effet d'une diminution des ligands des Natural Killer Receptors (NKR) à la surface des lignées tumorales : expression anormale de la sous-unité α de l'ATP synthase à la surface des cellules de carcinomes rénaux et coliques." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2030.
Full textV γ9Vdelta2 T cells frequently express inhibitory and activating MHC class I Natural Killer Receptors. Tumor cells often escape immunosurveillance by down-regulating MHC- I molecule expression. My thesis work consisted first in the study of the effect of this down-modulation on tumor cell recognition by V γ9Vdelta2 T cells. We used stable RNA interference on b2-microglobulin to generate tumor cells with MHC-I molecule down-modulation. We show the importance of the inhibitory receptor ILT-2 on the control of tumor cell lysis by V γ9Vdelta2 T cells. Down-modulation of MHC-I molecules severely reduced inhibitory signaling, but still allowed signaling by activating CD94-based receptors and unveiled NKG2D engagement. I subsequently studied one of the tumor ligands of V γ9Vdelta2 TCR, a complex containing subunits of ATP synthase abnormally expressed on the tumor cell surface. Renal and colon carcinoma cell lines express α but not β ATP synthase subunits on their cell surface. We described that unlike the β subunit, intracytoplasmic expression of the a subunit in these cell lines is abnormal, in the form of dots attached to the mitochondrial network. Using electronic microscopy we detect in these cell lines vesicles attached to the mitochondria suggesting a link between the formation of mitochondrial vesicles, expression of the a subunit on their cell surface and their recognition by V γ9Vdelta2 T cells
Benyamine, Audrey. "Ciblage de BTN3A en immunothérapie anti-tumorale basée sur les lymphocytes T Vγ9Vδ2 : Application aux Leucémies aiguës Myéloïdes et au cancer du pancréas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5007.
Full textBTN3A subfamily comprises three isoforms: BTN3A1, A2 and A3. The B30.2 intracellular domain of BTN3A1is involved in Phosphoantigen recognition and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activation. BTN3A2, devoid of B30.2 domain, could be « a decoy receptor ». The agonist anti-BTN3A monoclonal Antibody (mAb) 20.1 recognizes the three BTN3A isoforms and sensitizes tumors to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell lysis. This mAb mimics the effect of Aminobisphosphonates (N-BP). We studied BTN3A expression, regulation and targeting in tumors of hematological and solid origin. We showed that primary Acute Myeloïd Leukemia (AML) blasts express BTN3A with a main expression of BTN3A2. However, the 20.1 mAb sensitizes primary AML blasts to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell lysis even N-BP-poorly sensitive blasts. This was confirmed in NOD-SCID-γc KO mice xenografted with U937 human cell line or primary blasts. Next, we have demonstrated BTN3A expression in pancreatic cell lines and primary tumors. We observed that BTN3A is associated to prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. BTN3A2 is the most highly expressed isoform and its level of expression increases upon hypoxic and metabolic cellular stress. The weak expression of BTN3A1 compared to BTN3A2 isoform together with BTN3A molecules shedding could constitute an immune escape mechanism of tumor cells from Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognition. Though, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have preserved cytotoxic functions under hypoxic condition. BTN3A targeting with anti-BTN3A 20.1 mAb on the tumors we studied would open new therapeutic perspectives notably in chemoresistant tumors, thanks to the restoration of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell lysis
Howard, Jennifer Ruth. "Role of human gamma-delta T lymphocytes in the instruction of the adaptive immune response against Plasmodium falciparum infection." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0110/document.
Full textP. falciparum derived phosphoantigens (P‐Ag) induce potent activation and expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells by a poorly described mechanism. Activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum blood cycle through soluble cytotoxic mediators, abrogating merozoite invasion capacity. In vitro, P-Ag activated Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes have been shown to present antigens and induce αβ T lymphocyte responses, i.e. to act as an antigen presenting cell (APC). Whether this activity can be involved in a pathophysiological context is unknown. The aim of this PhD project is to a) investigate the mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by blood stage P. falciparum and b) assess the potential of P. falciparum activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to display APC functionality. We show that Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation by intact iRBCs is independent of iRBC contact and butyrophilin expression. Blood stage culture supernatants can potently activate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells and bioactivity is found to be attributable to P-Ags released at the time of parasite egress from the RBC. In vitro iRBC stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells up-regulate surface expression of APC associated markers and can cross-present a model antigen to specific CD8 T cell responders. In vivo we demonstrate an increase in surface expression of APC makers on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from P. falciparum infected patients.Altogether, these data outline a framework whereby P‐Ag release by iRBC into extracellular milieu can promote activation of distant Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and opens the door to a new aspect of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell contribution to P. falciparum adaptive immune responses
Lacroix, France. "T cell receptor (TCR) for antigen: A comparative study between the TCR alpha/beta and TCR gamma/delta subsets in noninfected and HIV infected individuals." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6937.
Full textLe, Duff Yann. "Etude de déterminants d'entrée virale et de morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077232.
Full textThe budding mechanism of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is entirely dépendent on its envelope proteins. These proteins form oligomers and spontaneously bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic réticulum (ER), mainly as empty subviral particles that are secreted in large quantities by infected cells. The envelope proteins occasionally recruit HBV nucleocapsids leading to the formation of complete virions also called Dane particles. Ribonucleoproteins of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) take advantage of this unusal budding mechanism: they bind to the envelope proteins and are secreted as HDV virions. There are three HBV envelope proteins: the small protein S-AgHBs, the medium protein M-AgHBs, and the large protein L-AgHBs. They share a common C-terminal domain but the size of their N-terminal domains differs. The S protein contains only the S domain, while the M and the L proteins consist respectively of the S and preS2 domains, and the S, preS2, and preSl domains. The S-AgHBs protein drives HBV and HDV budding. This integral protein is synthesized at the ER membrane. Its N-terminal region contains two transmembrane domains forming a first cytosolic loop and an antigenic loop (AGL) that is presented at the surface of the viruses. Its C-terminal domain is highly hydrophobic and predicted as a membrane domain. In addition two infectivity determinants have been identified on the preSl domain and the AGL. First our study aimed at characterizing the mechanism of action of the two infectivity determinants. Our results indicate that these determinants are functionaly independant at viral entry. The role of the AGL may require the intervention of many surface proteins while only a few domains of preSl are sufficient for infection. Finally, the mode of action of the preSl domain seems to be mediated by an allosteric cooperation of its sub-elements. The second part of our study aimed at specifying the topology of the C-terminal domain of the S-AgHBs protein in order to further characterize its role in HBV et HDV morphogenesis. This region most likely associates with cellular membranes through the 154-174 and 202-226 domains. The 202-226 residues are highly hydrophobic and may be implicated, together with the 71-102 region, in the surface proteins dimerization. The 154-174 region is presumably organized as an amphipathic helix, which is parallel to membranes. It may participate in cholesterol recruitment. Lastly, residues 193-204 may be exposed cytoplasm in agreement their role in HDV ribonucleoprotein recruitment
Gutzeit, Cindy. "Interference of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) with the CD1 antigen presenting system on immature dendritic cells." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16059.
Full textVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) which belongs to the family of herpesviruses is restricted to humans and distributed worldwide. Primary infection of VZV causes chickenpox characterized by a disseminated rash. Thereafter, VZV establishes a lifelong latency and can be reactivated to cause herpes zoster. Since 2004 the attenuated strain V-Oka of VZV was licensed for Germany to immunize children against VZV infection. In contrast to infection by circulating virulent VZV strains, vaccination with V-Oka remains asymptomatic. The skin is the major replication site of VZV and immunological differences between virulent VZV and the vaccine should become most apparent within this immune organ. In summary, this study discovered a new immune evasion strategy of virulent VZV strains which might explain how virulent VZV strains overcome innate antiviral responses. A strong infiltration of myeloid-derived inflammatory DCs has been detected in skin lesions of herpes zoster patients. In vitro studies with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), reflecting inflammatory DCs, showed that they were efficiently infected by both, the vaccine and a virulent VZV strain. Intriguingly, a significant upregulation of CD1c molecules on VZV-infected DCs was observed. Functional investigations using intraepithelial CD1c-restricted gamma delta T cells revealed that DCs infected with the vaccine virus were fully instructed to mature, thereby promoting IFN-gamma secretion of gamma-delta T cells. In striking contrast, DCs infected with virulent VZV strains were efficiently blocked to mature functionally. In detail, they did not secrete bioactive IL-12 which is an instrumental cytokine for generation of antiviral T helper 1 responses. Moreover, virulent VZV blocked Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in DCs thereby preventing production of bioactive IL-12 which in turn inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by gamma-delta T cells.
Ness, Kristin Jennifer. "Cytokine requirements for the differentiation and expansion of Il-17a- and Il-22-producing human Vγ2vδ2 T cells." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2751.
Full textCHEVALIER, SYLVIE. "Etude de la tolerance induite par des transfusions sanguines dans un modele de rat : etude de la forme soluble du recepteur a l'il2 dans un modele de rat, etude du deuxieme recepteur t : tcr gamma/delta chez l'homme." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2011.
Full textPersdotter, Hedlund Gabriella. "Protein and mRNA Studies of Rat FA1/Pref-1/dlk." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7773.
Full textFelices, Martin. "The Role of TEC Family Kinases in Innate T Cell Development and Function: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/373.
Full textTsai, Yi-Ru, and 蔡易儒. "Preparation of Single-Chain Antibodies: Using Hepatitis Delta Antigens as a Model Antigen." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88615090564513213755.
Full text國立陽明大學
微生物暨免疫學研究所
88
A single-chain Fv (scFv) is composed of variable domains of heavy chain and light chain tethered together with an artificial polypeptide-linker. Because of several unique properties such as small size, being easy to engineer, and high stability at low concentration, scFvs may be useful in diagnosis, therapy, and research. It has been possible to express scFv antibody on the surface of M13 so that this approach becomes an alternative to hybridoma in generating antibody with high specificity. To set up a phage-display system to display scFv on surface of M13, we used previously established hybridomas as models. We extracted mRNA of hybridoma HP6A1 and SC1D7 and prepared cDNA of variable heavy chains (VH) and variable light chains (VL). We linked cDNA of VH and VL together and constructed 6A1 scFv of HP6A1. This scFv cDNA is inserted into pMal-c2, to express an MBP (maltose-binding protein)-6A1 scFv fusion protein. We found that this MBP-6A1 scFv binds to Pin25L (the parental antigen) more specifically than Pin24L (an antigen variant) on an ELISA basis assay. We also inserted the scFv cDNA into phagemid pCGMT and transformed the plasmid into E. coli HB2151, to see the expression of scFv. HP6A1 scFv was found insoluble and aggregated in inclusion bodies. We then incorporated the skp chaperone and hoped that Skp could improve the solubility of scFv. No apparent effect was observed with the properties of the expressed HP6A1 scFv. Changing bacterial strains may alter the expression pattern of recombinant scFv. Skp really improve the expression of HP6A1 scFv-gene III fusion protein in JM109. When recombinant phage was prepared from TG1, the phages did recognize Pin25L (the parental antigen) better than the variant. However, coexpression of Skp in the same bacteria neither enhances the phage binding toward the specific antigen.
Chen, Zhi-Xin, and 陳知信. "The involvement of delta antigen in RNA packaging of hepatitis delta virusExpression of hepatitis delta antigen in escherichia coli." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52949040398977889103.
Full textHu, Chin Pin, and 胡晉賓. "Trans-complementation of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Replication by Delta Antigen." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su499j.
Full textChen, Yi-Jiun, and 陳怡君. "Identification of Hepatitis Delta Antigens Target Genes." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61903236476927070001.
Full text國立陽明大學
生物化學研究所
92
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection may lead to fulminant acute hepatitis or severe chronic hepatitis, which often progress to cirrhosis. HDV is a single-stranded RNA virus that encodes two viral nucleocapsid proteins designated small and large form of hepatitis delta antigen (SHDAg and LHDAg). These two proteins are identical in sequence except that the large form contains an additional 19 amino acids at its C terminus. The SHDAg is essential for viral RNA replication while the LHDAg is required for viral assembly. Previous studies have revealed that LHDAg and SHDAg regulate several promoters and transcription factor containing reporters. SHDAg possesses a cytotoxic effect on infected hepatocytes. In this study, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning method to identify HDAg target genes. We found that LHDAg interacts with several genes that involved in metabolism, cell proliferation, transcription regulation, tumor suppressor, cell motility, neurogenesis, RNA splicing, signal transduction, cell adhesion and protein trafficking. We also found that both LHDAg and SHDAg interact with HTATIP gene, which is a histone acetyltranferase and is involved in double-stranded DNA break repair and apoptotic competence. Moreover, only LHDAg but not SHDAg interacts with UNC5C, which is considered as a putative tumor suppressor gene. LHDAg activates the transcription activity of the intron 1 region of UNC5C gene containing reporter, but has no effect on the transcription activity of 3’ UTR of HTATIP gene containing reporter. SHDAg seems to have no effect on the transcription activity of both the the intron 1 region of UNC5C gene and 3’ UTR of HTATIP gene containing reporters. Furthermore, using Affymetrix GeneChip expression analysis, results indicate that several cellular genes are regulated under HDAgs overexpressing, especially the genes involved in metabolism, development, signal transduction, transport, cell growth regulation, transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation and immune response. These results may provide clues that will aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of HDV.
李家惠. "Delta Antigen and Nucleolin Involved in the Multiplication of Hepatitis Delta Virus." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81649379057123301857.
Full text國立臺灣大學
生化學研究所
86
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus and is a human pathogen causing fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. HDV contains a single-stranded circular KNA genome of 1.7 kb in length. The genomic KNA possesses extensive intramolecular complementary sequences that form an unbranched rod-like structure. Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is a nuclear phosphoprotein and present in HDV as two forms, small HDAg (HDAg-S, 24 kDa, 195 amino acids) and large HDAg (HDAg-L, 27 kDa, 214 amino acids). The two proteins are identical in sequence, except that the HDAg-L contains an additional 19 amino acids at its C terminus as a result of a specific point mutation. There is an isoprenylation motif (CRPQ-214) at the extreme C-terniinus of HDAg-L which undergoes famesylation. The HDAgs possess RNA-binding activity and form RNP complexes with HDV RNA within HDV particles. Functions of the two forms of HDAg are quite different. The HDAg-S is required for HDV RNA replication, whereas the HDAg-L has negative effects on genome replication and is required for HDV assembly. The unique C-terminal domain of HDAg-L may have implications for the specific functions of HDAg-L involved in HDV assembly. The aims of this study are to elucidate the mechanisms by which HDAgs and cellular factors are involved in HDV assembly and replication. Saturated substitution mutants from amino acids 198 to 210 that are franking the isoprenylation motif of the HDAg-L were generated, Two single-substitution mutants at 198Leu->Arg and 205Pro->Ala respectively were found to be completely loss virion assembly ability. These results suggest that both Leu-199 and Pro-205 are critical for virion assembly. Indirect immunofluorescent staining was performed with cultured cells transfected with a large HDAg-encoding plasmid. The HDAg-L appeared to be cytoplasm-localized in the presence of HBsAg.
Mu, Jung-Jung, and 慕蓉蓉. "A biochemical and biological study of phosphorylation of hepatitis delta virus delta antigens." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50387306238230078845.
Full text國立臺灣大學
微生物學研究所
88
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) encodes only one protein, the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). Two forms of HDAg, a large form (27 kDa, L-HDAg) and a small one (24 kDa, S-HDAg) participate in the various steps during HDV life cycle. L-HDAg was found to be phosphorylated at serine residue, whereas the phosphorylation of S-HDAg is controversial. To understand the phosphorylation status of S-HDAg, a special two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, namely, non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) was employed. Using NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE system to separate the phosphorylated isoforms of both HDAgs revealed that S-HDAg has two major phosphorylated isoforms and L-HDAg has only one. Furthermore, phosphoamino acid analysis identified both serine and threonine as phosphorylated residues in the labeled S-HDAg and only serine in the L-HDAg. Therefore, both S-HDAg and L-HDAg are phosphoproteins but have different phosphorylation patterns. It is found that only unphosphorylated S-HDAg existed in the virus-like particles. The kinetic studies showed that the numbers of phosphorylated isoforms of S-HDAg significantly increased temporally following HDV RNA replication. These observations suggested that S-HDAg phosphorylation might be relevant with its biological functions. To explore the biological effect of the phosphorylation on S-HDAg, site-directed mutagenesis of conserved serine and threonine residues was carried out to examine the essential function of S-HDAg for HDV replication. The data showed that mutation of Thr 95 to Ala impaired the ability of S-HDAg to assist replication of both genomic and antigenomic RNA. Mutations at Ser 177 and Thr 182, respectively, affected only antigenomic RNA replication. The extent of phosphorylation in both mutants was significantly reduced. Furthermore, more findings suggested that Ser 177 may be one of the phosphorylation sites in S-HDAg: (1) TPA treatment increased the extent of S-HDAg phosphorylation three times only in the presence of phosphorylable Ser 177. (2) The S177A presented a hypo-phosphorylated patterns in two-dimensional system. Despite no definite identification of phosphorylated residues, our results proposed Thr 95, Ser 177, Thr 182 could be the sites. Finally, these data suggested a possible function of S-HDAg phosphorylation, as important regulatory mechanism in controlling the switch of positive or negative HDV RNA template for replication.
ZHANG, CHONG-YI, and 張崇毅. "Nuclear localization signals in hepatitis delta antigen." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80672073673049045187.
Full textYe, Tien-Shun, and 葉添順. "Roles of phosphorylation of hepatitis delta antigens in hepatitis delta virus replication and assembly." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66244877006076643495.
Full text國立陽明大學
生物化學研究所
84
Hepatitis delta antigen(HDAg)為Hepatitis delta virus(HDV)所表現的唯一蛋白,具有兩種型式,其中大型HDAg比小型HDAg在蛋白的C端多了19個胺基酸。兩種不同型式的HDA3,在生物功能方面並不相同,小型HDAg為HDVRNA複製所必需,而大型HDAg則會抑制HDVRNA的複製,但為病毒顆粒裝配所必需。HDAg已被證實為磷酸化蛋白,而且大型HDAg的磷酸化位置在Ser胺基酸上。經由PC/GENE電腦程式分析、以及各類HDAg序列比對的結果,發現HDAg上具有最高保留性之casein kinase II(CKII)磷酸化位置Ser-2、Ser-123,以及protein kinase C(PKC)磷酸化位置Ser-210。在本論文中採用抑制劑處理以及定位突變兩種方式,探討HDAg的磷酸化是否影響其生物功能。為了研究CKII或PKC是否參與HDAg的磷酸化,進行in vivo細胞內[32P]orthophosphate的標記實驗,結果顯示大、小型HDAg的磷酸化特性並不相同。當轉染HuH-7細胞株造成HDV進行複製及裝配時,小型HDAg的磷酸化程度均因為CHII抑制劑(DRB)或PKC抑制劑(H7)處理而降低。而無HDV RNA複製之狀況時,大型HDAg的磷酸化程度會被CKII抑制劑(DRB)所減低,但不受PKC抑制劑(H7)影響,小型HDAg的磷酸化程度則不因此兩種抑制劑處理而改變。在生物功能方面,發現CKII及PKC抑制劑(DRB或H7)兩者皆會嚴重影響HDV RNA的複製。為了更進一步了解此抑制HDV RNA之複製是否藉由影響HDAg在CKII及PKC位置之磷酸化,將HDAg在此兩種蛋白激酉每辨識之Ser-2、Ser-123及Ser-210定位突變成alanine胺基酸,實驗發現小型HDAg的CKII兩個可能磷酸化位置,只有Ser-2突變株在HDVRNA複製的轉活化能力有缺陷;而Ser-123突變株則不受影響。囚in vivo細胞內[32P]orthophosphate的標記實驗,指出小型HDAg磷酸化程度只有Ser-2突變株降低,而Ser-123突變株並未改變,此結果印證了CKII對HDAg的磷酸化調控HDVRNA之複製。 本論文中亦探討磷酸化對HDAg其它生物功能的作用,包括大型 DAS抑制HDV RNA的複製、大、小型HDAg在HDV空心、病毒顆粒的裝配上及對HDV RNA的包裝能力或具進入細胞核之能力,發現這些均不受CKII及PKC磷酸化所調控。總而言之,本論文證實了CKII及PKC可調控HDV RNA複製,而且CKII可能部分經由對HDAg在Ser-2胺基酸的磷酸化來影響HDV RNA複製。但PKC對HDV RNA複製的調控方式並不是藉由具保留性(cinserved)的Ser-210胺基酸之磷酸化。另外在探討HDV RNA包裝過程中,卻意外發現不論小型HDAg存在與否,大型HDAg可裝配其雙套體genomic RNA,形成以HBsAg為套膜之病毒顆粒,此顆粒在氯化銫中的密度為1.24至1.25g/ml,不同於密度為1.21g/ml之HDAg所形成空心病毒顆粒。這是第一篇報告提出HDAg的磷酸化可調控HDV之生活史,以及HDV可裝配其雙套體genomic RNA。 Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is the only protein encoded by the genome of hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDAg has large and small forms, which are identical in sequence except that the large HDAg contains 19 extra amino acid at its C-terminus. These two HDAgs are nuclear phosphoproteins with distinct biological functions. The small HDAg can trans-activate the replication of HDV RNA, but the large one suppresses this process and is required for package of HDV virion. A comparison of the deduced primary sequences of HDAg variants revealed that two putative casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation sites were located at Ser-2 and Ser-123 and one potential protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site was located at Ser-210 in HDAg. In this study, we have characterized the phosphorylation property of HDAg in a human hepatoma cell line (HuH-7) and examined the role of phosphorylation in HDAg function. As demonstrated by in vivo [32P] orthophosphate labeling and kinase inhibitor experiments, the phosphorylation levels of the small HDAg in transfected HuH-7 cells that can direct HDV RNA replication and virion assembly were diminished by the inhibitors of CKII (DRB) and PKC (H7). However, in the absence of HDV RNA replication and viral assembly, the phosphorylation levels of both HDAgs were not affected by the PKC inhibitor (H7) and the phosphorylation level of the large HDAg, but not the small HDAg, could be diminished by the inhibitor of CKII (DRB). These results suggested different phosphorylation properties between the two HDAgs. Moreover, the phosphorylation property of the small HDAg is also related to its functional state. When these two kinase inhibitors were added separately to the transient-expression system, HDV RNA replication was markedly suppressed. In contrast,the inhibitors did not affect the assembly of empty HDAg particle from HDAgs and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). They also did ot exert any inhibitory effect on the HDV genomic RNA package. To further examine the role of phosphorylation in HDAg function, two conservative, CKII recognition sites at Ser-2 and Ser-123 of both HDAgs, and one potential PKC recognition site at Ser-210 of the large HDAg respectively were altered to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Transfection experiments indicated that mutation at Ser-2, but not Ser-123, significantly impaired the activity of the small HDAg in assisting HDV RNA replication. This property is in accordance with our observation that Ser-2 was the predominant CKII phosphorylation site in the small HDAg as compared to Ser-123. Our studies also excluded the possibility that the phosphorylation of Ser-2, Ser-123, or Ser-210 had roles in the trans-suppression activity of the large HDAg, in the assembly of empty virus-like HDAg particle, in the package of HDV RNA, and in the nuclear transport of HDAgs. In conclusion, our results indicate that both CKII and PKC positively modulate the HDV RNA replication but not the assembly of HDV virion and empty HDAg particle. The role of CKII in HDV replication may at least in part be accounted for by the phosphorylation of Ser-2 in the small HDAg. The effect of PKC on HDV RNA replication is, however, not to mediate the phosphorylation of the conservative Ser-210 in the large HDAg but rather to act on as yet unidentified Ser/Thr residues in the small HDAg or cellular factors. Additionally, in this study we also found that large HDAg could pack both monomeric and dimeric genomic HDV RNAs efficiently. Equilibrium centrifugation experiment demonstrated that both the monomeric and dimeric HDV genomic RNAs banded together in the same CsC1 gradient fraction and formed a viral-like particle with HBsAg envelope protein and HDAg at a density of 1.24 to 1.25 g/ml, which is distinct from that of HDAg empty particle (1.21g/ml). To our knowledge, these findings provide the first insight into the roles of phosphorylation of the two HDAgs in the HDV replication cycle. Furthermore it is also the first report about the package of HDV dimeric genomic RNA by HDAgs.
Zhang, Ruo Ping, and 張若平. "Studies on the phosphorylation of HDV delta antigen." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06715032880008749131.
Full textWang, Tsann Wen, and 王燦文. "Interaction of Hepatitis Delta Virus Antigen and RNA." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20549574038733957826.
Full textHuang, Wen-Hung, and 黃文宏. "Interaction of Hepatitis Delta Antigen and Cellular Factors." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4s985.
Full text國立陽明大學
生物化學研究所
89
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) encodes two isoforms of delta antigens (HDAgs). The small form of HDAg is required for HDV RNA replication, while the large form of HDAg inhibits the viral replication and is required for virion assembly. In this study, we found that the expression of B23, a nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in disparate functions including nuclear transport, cellular proliferation, and ribosome biogenesis, is upregulated by these two HDAgs. Using in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches, we have demonstrated that both isoforms of HDAg can interact with B23 and their interaction domains were identified as the N-terminal fragment of each molecule encompassing the nuclear localization signal but not the coiled-coil region of HDAg. Sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis indicated that the majority of small HDAg, but a lesser amount of the large HDAg, co-sedimented with B23 and nucleolin in the large nuclear complex. Transient transfection experiments also indicated that introducing exogenous full-length B23, but not a mutated B23 defective in HDAg binding, enhanced HDV RNA replication. Apart from B23, we also found that transcriptional factor YY1, which is a multifunctional protein and involved in activation and repression of diverse promoters, interacted with both forms of HDAgs. HDAgs could be co-precipitated with YY1 by YY1 DNA-binding oligonucleotide and the trans-activating activities of HDAgs were synergistically elevated in the presence of YY1. Sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis suggested that majority of small HDAg, but a lesser amount of the large HDAg, co-sedimented with YY1and B23 in the large nuclear complex. In addition, introducing the exogenous YY1 into HDV replication system also enhanced HDV RNA replication. Furthermore, we found that small HDAg could be acetylated and the expression level of HDAg from HDV cDNA-integrated cell lines SVLD3-N1 was upregulated by addition of the inhibitor Trichostatin A of histone deacetylase which is an YY1 interacting protein. Therefore, these works demonstrate the important role of cellular factors (B23 and YY1) in regulating the HDV RNA replication through the complex formation with the key positive regulator being small HDAg.
Wang, Nai Yu, and 王乃玉. "A functional study for the carboxyl terminus of hepatitis delta virus small delta antigen." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42497330315518812103.
Full textNian, Xiang Mei, and 粘湘梅. "Impact of sequence variations of the delta antigen on functional diversity of hepatitis delta virus." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107CGU05114043%22.&searchmode=basic.
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