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Academic literature on the topic 'Antigènes CD34 – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antigènes CD34 – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Achour, Lamia. "Contrôle de l'expression à la surface cellulaire du récepteur de chimiokine CCR5." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T011.
Full textCCR5 a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, plays a major role in HIV entry, by forming the viral receptor in association with the glycoprotein CD4. We report that the vast majority of fully functional CCR5 (=90%) is maintained within the intracellular compartments of human immune cells and of transfected fibroblasts. Intracellular CCR5 is mostly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The molecular mechanisms which control the export of CCR5 from the intracellular compartments are different in the ER and the Golgi. In the ER, the progression of CCR5 is slow and depends on its association with CD4 which functions as an escort protein and controls the CCR5 exit. Association with CD4 would induce a conformational change of CCR5, which would release the receptor from its retention in the ER by a resident protein, PRAF2. In the Golgi, the release of CCR5 is faster (5-10min) and is controlled by extracellular signals promoted by cell adhesion. The intracellular retention of CCR5 and, more generally, of GPCRs could represent an adaptive mechanism to maintain a prolonged physiological response. In particular contexts, which require sustained receptor response such as leukocyte chemotaxis, intracellular receptors would allow the permanent replacement of cell surface desensitized and internalized receptors
Weiss, Nicolas Raymond. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la migration trans-endothéliale des précurseurs neuraux à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T001.
Full textRecently, systematically-injected multipotent neural precursor cells (NPC) were found to be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), access to the central nervous system (CNS) and induce functionnal recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to access to the CNS, NPC have to cross the BBB. The main objective of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of NPC across brain endothelium. Among the tested adhesion molecules, we identified the molecule CD44 as having a major role in TEM. We also showed that NPC were able to realize TEM in response to IL8 and CXCL13, two chemokines present in MS lesions. These results contribute to the better knowledge of molecular mechanisms of TEM of NPC across the brain endothelium
Prost, Stéphane. "Caractérisation de la voie de signalisation PPAR-y/STATS 5 dans l'hématopoïèse normale et pathologique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077073.
Full textInfection by HIV and SIV immunodeficiency virus induce multiple hematopoietic defects in Primates that reflect central hematopoietic disorders, which contribute to immunodeficiency in infected individuals. Here we show that CD34+ progenitor cells lost their clonogenic potential upon SIV infection, in parallel with down-regulation of STAT5A and STAT5B expression. This defect was entirely rescued by forced expression of STAT5B. We demonstrate that HIV/SIV Nef recapitulates SIV action on CD34+ progenitors ex vivo and is required for SIV action on hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. We further demonstrate that Nef activity strictly depends on thé presence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-y). Our findings extend the crucial role of Nef in HIV/SIV pathogenicity. They further reveal the pivotal role of PPAR-y/STAT5 pathway in regulating early hematopoiesis. They provide an avenue for exploration of the therapeutic benefits of PPAR-y antagonists in AIDS patients, and also of PPAR-y agonists in hematopoietic disorders. In this context, we particulary focused on therapeutic potential of PPAR-y/STAT5 pathway in Bcr/Abl leukemic stem cells
Liang, Hong. "Implication du LPS et du TNF dans l'inflammation et la toxicité oculaires et développement de nouveaux outils d'exploration de la surface oculaire chez l'animal." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T029.
Full textThe therapeutic ophthalmologic eye drops can interfere with this defense system by inducing undesirably toxic and inflammatory reactions. In the long term, this real iatrogenic problem deteriorates the epithelia of the ocular surface. Our works were focused on these relations between natural defenses and toxic preservative contained in the eye drops. We established several animal models of inflammation/toxicity induced by LPS or TNF and the most common preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAG) with aims of identifying the role of cytokines and their receptors (TNF, TNFR, TLRs). We also developed new in vivo confocal microscopy technique and ex vivo impression cytology thus refining the exploration of the ocular surface in animal models and determining the interests of new formulation (such as cationic emulsion) or the new molecule without BAG (such as tafiuprost) in an effort to improve safety and comfort for glaucoma patients
Laguette, Nadine. "Impact de la protéine Nef du VIH-1 sur le trafic intracellulaire de CD4 et le pouvoir infectieux des particules virales." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T034.
Full textHIV-1 Nef accelerates progression towards immunodeficiency in vivo. During my thesis we explored two of the most conserved functions of Nef: (i) CD4 downregulation in HIV-1 target cells and (ii) viral infectivity enhancement. Interference of Nef with the endocytic machinery causes CD4 cell surface downregulation. However, CD4 trafficking is governed by different rules in the target cells of the infection: in myeloid cells CD4 is rapidly internalized from the cell surface whilst in lymphoid cells, CD4 is stabilized at the cell surface through interaction with the tyrosine kinase p56lck. In this study, we show that Nef increases CD4 internalization rate only in cells that express p56lck. Therefore Nef uses different mechanisms to downregulate CD4 from the cell surface of myeloid and lymphoid cells. To date, the relative contribution of the functions of Nef during viral biogenesis and upon arrival in the target cells to the Nef dependent increase of viral infectivity, have not been deciphered yet. We designed fusion proteins that allowed the manipulation of the amount of Nef in producer cells and incorporated into viral particles. This study allowed us to determine that the incorporation of Nef into viral particles is not sufficient to cause an increase of viral infectivity. Nef must therefore exert functions, during viral biogenesis, that are crucial for the infectivity of nascent viral particles
Hsu, Hsiang-Ting. "Endoplasmic-reticulum targeting alters regulation of expression and antigen presentation of proinsulin." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T021.
Full textMost peptide ligands presented by MHC class I molecules are thought to be produced by degradation of cytosolic and nuclear, but also endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins by the proteasome. However, antigen processing of ER proteins remains little characterized. Studying processing and presentation of proinsulin, which plays a pivotal role in autoimmune diabetes, we found that ER-targeting has profound effects not only on how proinsulin is degraded, but also on regulation of its synthesis. While proteasome inhibition inhibited degradation and presentation of cytosolic proinsulin, as expected, it strongly reduced production of ER-targeted proinsulin, presumably through induction of ER stress. ER-targeting and protein modifications altering stability also had profound effects on MHC class I presentation and proteolytic processing of proinsulin. Thus, presentation of stable ER-targeted forms was inefficient but enhanced by proteasome inhibition, while that of unstable forms was more efficient and proteasome-dependent. Additional experiments suggested that a pathway involving autophagosomes and the proteasome acts in proinsulin processing. Thus, both structural features and subcellular targeting of antigens can have dramatic effects on MHC class I antigen presentation
Sung, Hsueh-Cheng. "Characterization of the CD8 Pro-Inflammatory Role during immune response." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T003.
Full textThe inflammatory reaction is believed to be induced by pathogens or tissue damage and mediated by innate cells. In this PhD work I used two immune response models, the response of anti-HY cells to male cells (no danger signals) or the response of OT1 cells to infection with L/ster/a-OVA. In both cases we found that immediately after activation CDS T cells expressed high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A local injection of these pro-inflammatory effectors in the ear induced the hypertrophy of the draining lymph node and the preferential recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, PMNs, cDCs and NK cells. These results demonstrated that CDS responses involved two distinct effector phases (inflammatory to cytotoxic) and that antigen recognition by CDS T cells is sufficient to initiate inflammatory reactions, even when danger signals are absent. We expect our results to give new important perspectives on anti-inflammatory therapy during infection and transplant rejection
Berger, Cédric. "Relation entre les Escherichia coli exprimant les adhésines Afa/Dr et les cellules de l'hôte : rôle des rafts lipidiques et des molécules d'adhésion cellulaire reliées à l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire (CEACAM) dans la pathogenèse de l'infection." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114818.
Full textDiffusely adhering E. Coli (DAEC) are involved in urinary tarct infections and diarrhoeas. The only virulence factor identified is a family of adhesines, Afa/Dr, binding Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) and Carcicoembryonic Antigen (CEA) which belongs to the CEACAM family. Our objective was to study the interactions between CEACAMs and the Afa/Dr DAEC. We observed that CEACAM1 and CEACAM6 are receptors for the Afa/Dr DAEC and are recruited around adhering bacteria as well as the GM1 and the caveoline, two lipid rafts markers. Adhesion to the DAF, CEA and CEACAM6 induces the formation of cellular prolongations around the bacteria and requires a reorganization of the actin network and the lipids rafts, as well as Rho GTPases and ERM proteins phophorylation. We also showed that the internalization of the bacteria was carried out by azipper like mechanism, indenpendently of actin. Moreover, CEA and the CEACAM6 seem to support entered of the bacteria into the cells
Culina, Slobodan. "Nouveaux éléments dans l'apprêtement des antigènes présentés par les molécules de classe 1 du Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilité." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T007.
Full textMoser, Anna. "IDE deficiency protects NOD mice from diabetes by attenuating the inflammatory process and delaying the auto-aggressive T cell response." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T005.
Full textInsulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a metalloprotease with high affinity for insulin. IDE knockout mice on thé C57BL/6 genetic background show increased sérum insulin levels and glucose intolérance, findings associated with type 2 diabètes. To investigate thé rôle of IDE in type I diabètes, IDE knockout was bred to thé NOD background. IDE déficient NOD mice were found to be protected from diabètes and also displayed reduced levels of insulitis. To explore thé mechanism of protection, we performed transfers of splenic effector T cells from IDE ko and wt mice to Rag2 ko NOD mice. Effector T cells from IDE wt mice transfered diabètes more rapidly then enriched effector cells from IDE knockout mice, suggesting a réduction in thé number and/or functional activity of diabetogenic T cells in IDE déficient mice. Moreover, thé CD8+ T cell responses to immunodominant bêta cell epitopes derived from proinsulin and IGRP were reduced in IDE ko mice. Additionally a différence in thé cytokine répertoire was observed: activated PBMC from IDE knockout mice secret more anti-inflammatory IL-4 and less pro-inflammatory TNF-a compared to IDE wildtype mice. Analogous results were obtained with islet-infiltrating lymphocytes and splenocytes. The mechanism underlying thèse findings remains to be clarified. IDE deficiency could change antigen présentation and négative sélection of autoreactive T cells by thymic epithelial cells. Alternatively, reduced présentation of thé immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope proinsulin 615-23 by bêta cells or cross presenting LN dendritic cells is conceivable. It is also possible that IDE plays a rôle in thé metabolism and/or stress response of bêta cells