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Academic literature on the topic 'Antigènes d'histocompatibilité de classe I – Dissertation universitaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antigènes d'histocompatibilité de classe I – Dissertation universitaire"
Darrigrand, Romain. "Immunomodulateurs de la voie de présentation par le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe I (CMH-I) aux propriétés anti-tumorales Isoginkgetin Derivative IP2 Enhances the Adaptive Immune Response to Tumor Antigens." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS066.
Full textThe success of therapeutic cancer vaccines relies on the establishment of an effective adaptive immune response directed against antigens presented by cancer cells within MHC molecules. Targeted antigens are tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor specific neoantigens (TSA) that can derive from both coding and allegedly non-coding regions of the genome through non-canonical translation events. Pioneer Translation Products (PTPs) are for instance produced by a non-conventionnal translation event taking place within the nucleus on pre-mature mRNA before the splicing of introns. We have highlighted the immunomodulatory properties of splicing inhibitor isoginkgetin and its water soluble and safe derivative, IP2. IP2 enhances PTP-derived antigen presentation in-vitro and inhibits tumor growth in-vivo in an immune-dependant manner. We have identified by mass spectrometry TAAs et TSAs induced by IP2 at the surface of cancer cells. We found antigens derived from both exons and retained introns. We assessed their immunogenicity ex-vivo before testing their antitumor properties in-vivo in the context of prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Eventually, we propose a new immunotherapy consisting in the combination of IP2 compound that enhances antigen presentation in tumor cells with a peptide vaccine that boost the proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells specific for tumor antigens
Culina, Slobodan. "Nouveaux éléments dans l'apprêtement des antigènes présentés par les molécules de classe 1 du Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilité." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T007.
Full textGrandon, Benjamin. "La drosophile transgénique HLA-B27 : un nouveau modèle pour l'étude des spondyloarthrites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV051/document.
Full textSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder characterized by joint manifestations affecting the spine, peripheral joints and entheses, as well as extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, uveitis, or intestinal inflammation. This complex disorder has a strong genetic component dominated by the HLA-B27 antigen of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), which is present in more than 80% of SpA patients. Discovered 45 years ago, the association between HLA-B27 and SpA development remains unexplained. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association at the molecular level, but all face experimental inconsistencies that seem to invalidate them. Therefore, it appeared to us essential to elaborate new and yet unexplored approaches in order to better understand the molecular role of HLA-B27 in SpA development. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful genetic model that has led to considerable advances in understanding numerous functions of metazoan cells, as well as in describing the cellular and molecular processes of many human pathologies. To elucidate the molecular pathogenic mechanisms associated with HLA-B27, we have established several transgenic Drosophila lines for SpA-associated and non-associated of HLA-B alleles, as well as for the MHC-I invariant chain, the human 2-microglobulin (hβ2m). Expression of the HLA-B27 alleles, in the presence of hβ2m, in the Drosophila wing and eye led to two specific phenotypes. The crossveinless wing phenotype is due to a disturbance in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway. Interestingly, this misregulation is associated with a co-localization of HLA-B27 and the BMP type I receptor named Sax. Our preliminary results obtained in SpA patient cells suggest that HLA-B27 also colocalizes with ALK2 receptor, which is ortholog to Sax. Altogether, our results suggest that the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 in SpA may depend on a BMP signaling misregulation at the crosstalk between ossification and inflammation
Kridane, Hédia. "Caractérisation des fonctions immunologiques d' HFE : molécule d'histocompatibilité de classe I non classique contrôlant le métabolisme du fer." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T024.
Full textHereditary hemochromatosis is linked to a recessive mutation of the HFE molecule (an MHC class Ib molecule). Affected individuals have an excessive absorption of dietary iron which, when deposited in tissues, causes diabetes, cirrhosis, liver cancer. . . These patients often need a transplant organ, especially liver transplantation, which remains, however, the organ most affected by the disease. Iron overload and its clinical manifestations are accentuated in the case of concomitant reduction in the number of circulating T lymphocytes expressing the CD8 molecule. The immune system therefore contributes to the control of iron metabolism but the cellular and molecular players that interface immune system / iron metabolism remain uncertain. The ability of murine HFE molecule (mHFE) to induce cytolytic CD8 T responses to TCRab has been documented by Rohrlich and collaborators (Rohrlich et al, 2005) with DBA / 2 mice immunized with HFE KO syngeneic cells expressing the molecule mHFE. These observations led us to ask the following questions : How the HFE molecule, which structure is very similar to that of classical MHC classe I molecules (HLA-A,-B,-C in humans) but deprived of antigen presenting function can be recognized by T cells expressing TCRαβ? To answer this question we used a mutagenesis approach of CDR regions of two TCRS HFE-specific. The data suggest that mHFE is recognized similarly to classical MHC I molecules. HFE may be, independently, a histocompatibility antigen? This was tested by grafting skin from DBA / 2 HFE wild type mice (HFE WT) to DBA / 2 mice invalided for the Hfe gene (HFE KO) or carrying the C282Y mutation (HFEC282Y) responsible for the majority of human hereditary hemochromatosis. Our results show that HFE is a skin associated autonomous histocompatibility antigen and could be, therefore, potentially a self histocompatibility antigen for hemochromatosis subjects. They show, on the other hand, that the immunological tolerance toward HFE can be acquired in the thymus by deletion or reprogramming of clonal T CD8 anti-HFE cells or in the periphery by apoptosis
Wilhelm, Maud. "Etude du mécanisme d'action chez l'homme d'un peptide immunomodulateur de la maladie lupique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ034/document.
Full textSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease triggered by genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. It is mainly characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against nuclear elements. Most of current treatments proposed to patients are palliative and not curative and lead to numerous side effects. New therapeutical strategies are based on the use of peptides derivated from autoantigens. The P140 peptide discovered in our laboratory is a promising candidate. It corresponds to the 131-151 sequence of the U1-70K spliceosomal protein and is phosphorylated on ser140 residue. Its administration to MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice reduces symptom severity without immunosuppressive effect. It is currently evaluated in phase III of clinical trial. The mechanism of action of P140 peptide has been mostly elucidated in lupus mice. Recently, my team has shown that P140 peptide affects direclty or indireclty macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), two major forms of autophagy. Furthermore, it reduces the expression of MHC class II molecules, which leads to the decrease of antigenic peptide presentation and activation of autoreactive T cells. Finally, a reduction of autoantibodies levels against double stranded DNA is shown after P140 injection in mice. The aim of my thesis project was to consolidate these data and to study the mode of action of P140 in humans since this was not done until now. We have shown that like in lupus-prone mice, P140 peptide reduces expression of MHC-II molecules on the surface of B cells from SLE patients. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that higher the disease activity score was, higher the effect of P140 peptide was. Unfortunately, although we confirmed the dysregulation of macroautophagy in CD8+ T cells from SLE patients, P140 peptide does not seem to affect this cellular process. We are currently studying the effect of the peptide on CMA. Finally, we have shown that in both MRL/lpr mice and humans, P140 peptide reduces the number of plasmabasts. This alteration of B cell differentiation lead to the decrease of IgM and IgG production, thus explaining the P140’ benefical effect on the course of lupus disease