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Academic literature on the topic 'Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B'
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Journal articles on the topic "Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B"
Fowotade, A., S. O. Adetunji, E. Amadi, I. O. Ishola, and E. C. Omoruyi. "Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women on antenatal visits: rapid tests or ELISA?" African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i3.6.
Full textOkwuraiwe, A. P., R. A. Audu, F. A. Ige, O. B. Salu, C. K. Onwuamah, and A. Z. Musa. "Long term outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected Nigerians and those co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i1.9.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B"
Przewlocki, Grzegorz. "Influence du murabutide sur la réponse immunitaire à des antigènes naturels et synthétiques du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066135.
Full textLe, Duff Yann. "Etude de déterminants d'entrée virale et de morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077232.
Full textThe budding mechanism of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is entirely dépendent on its envelope proteins. These proteins form oligomers and spontaneously bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic réticulum (ER), mainly as empty subviral particles that are secreted in large quantities by infected cells. The envelope proteins occasionally recruit HBV nucleocapsids leading to the formation of complete virions also called Dane particles. Ribonucleoproteins of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) take advantage of this unusal budding mechanism: they bind to the envelope proteins and are secreted as HDV virions. There are three HBV envelope proteins: the small protein S-AgHBs, the medium protein M-AgHBs, and the large protein L-AgHBs. They share a common C-terminal domain but the size of their N-terminal domains differs. The S protein contains only the S domain, while the M and the L proteins consist respectively of the S and preS2 domains, and the S, preS2, and preSl domains. The S-AgHBs protein drives HBV and HDV budding. This integral protein is synthesized at the ER membrane. Its N-terminal region contains two transmembrane domains forming a first cytosolic loop and an antigenic loop (AGL) that is presented at the surface of the viruses. Its C-terminal domain is highly hydrophobic and predicted as a membrane domain. In addition two infectivity determinants have been identified on the preSl domain and the AGL. First our study aimed at characterizing the mechanism of action of the two infectivity determinants. Our results indicate that these determinants are functionaly independant at viral entry. The role of the AGL may require the intervention of many surface proteins while only a few domains of preSl are sufficient for infection. Finally, the mode of action of the preSl domain seems to be mediated by an allosteric cooperation of its sub-elements. The second part of our study aimed at specifying the topology of the C-terminal domain of the S-AgHBs protein in order to further characterize its role in HBV et HDV morphogenesis. This region most likely associates with cellular membranes through the 154-174 and 202-226 domains. The 202-226 residues are highly hydrophobic and may be implicated, together with the 71-102 region, in the surface proteins dimerization. The 154-174 region is presumably organized as an amphipathic helix, which is parallel to membranes. It may participate in cholesterol recruitment. Lastly, residues 193-204 may be exposed cytoplasm in agreement their role in HDV ribonucleoprotein recruitment
Desrames, Alexandra. "Etude de la structure de la petite protéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077161.
Full textChronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major public health concern worldwide because an estimated 300 million individuals are affected. HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family, a DNA virus with an envelope consisting of cell derived lipids associated to three types of transmembrane glycoproteins: S-, M- et L-HBsAg. S-HBsAg, the most abundant in the viral envelope, is the driving force of viral particle assembly, but it also bears in its ectodomain, an immunodominant determinant, referred to as the a-determinant, against which most of the neutralizing antibodies are directed. This antigenic determinant is also closely associated to an infectivity determinant responsible for interacting with cell surface heparan sulfate at the initial step of viral entry. As of today, we have little information on the structure of the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S-HBsAg protein that underlies the antigenic and function at viral entry. The aim of this thesis project was to gather information on the three dimensional organization of the AGL polypeptide, for a better understanding of its function at viral entry. The first step of the study was to identify the minimum subunit of the viral envelope, which bears the a-determinant. This was achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the a-determinant. We have shown most of the antibodies were: i) directed to conformational epitopes, ii) neutralizing, and iii) reactive with the dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. We concluded that most of a-determinant epitopes are conserved on the soluble dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence in the HBV envelope, of two isomers of S- HBsAg dimers, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by isomer-specific antibodies. We propose that the two isomers correspond to two distinct networks of disulfide bonds between the numerous AGL cystein residues. In an effort to obtain pure and homogenous preparations of S-HBsAg dimers, as substrate for crystallization, we adopted several strategies: i) production of S-HBsAg by in vitro translation, ii) production in E. Coli, and iii) the purification of viral particles from transfected Huh-7 cell culture medium or from infectious plasmas. The purification of S-HBsAg dimers from cell culture-derived particles clearly appeared as the strategy of choice, in terms quality and yield, and flexibility of the approach in case of S- HBsAg mutants analysis
Zhang, Qian. "Etude des corrélations entre les marqueurs de l'hôte et les marqueurs virologiques du virus de l'hépatite B en fonction de la réponse aux traitements par interféron." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077006.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection remains a serious global public health problem with 350 million people infected. The major aim of my thesis is to study the association between the response to treatment of interferon (IFN) and host and virolgic markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the first part of our work, we have assessed the impact of IFNL3 polymorphism (rs12979860) on response to IFN in 97 patients with HBeAg positive CHB. No significant relationship was observed between IFNL3 and response to IFN therapy. The second part of our work forked on indentifying the S gene variability of patients at baseline of Pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus tenofoviron (TDF) combination therapy in order to determine the role of HBsAg variants on response to treatment. A SVR was observed in 22% of patients and HBsAg loss in 12% patients. N-SVR patients showed more variability along the S protein. The Accumulation of residue substitutions in and around the "a" determinant at baseline should be a sensitive predictor of response to combination of PegIFN and TDF therapy in CHB patients. In vitro analysis showed less HBsAg secretion in N-SVR group accompanying with similar viral replication to wild type HBV. In conclusion, my thesis work led to a better understanding of the role of IFNL3 and HBsAg in the mechanism of response to IFN treatment. These researches aimed to optimize the use of these markers to improve the clinical management of CHB patients
Ballay, Annick. "Expression in vitro et in vivo d'antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B à partir d'adénovirus recombinants." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066481.
Full textMancini, Bourgine Maryline. "Evaluation de l'immunogénicité d'un vaccin thérapeutique dans un modèle de souris humanisées et transgéniques pour l'antigène de surface du virus de l'hépatite B : application pour le traitement des porteurs chroniques de ce virus." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077109.
Full textBy using HLA-A2-/HLA-DRl-transgenic H-2 class Wclass II-knockout mice, we have generated transgenic (Tg) mouse lineages expressing the HBV enveloppe proteins in a context of human MHC molecules. The Tg mice express high amount of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carried by the envelope proteins in the liver. The HBsAg is secreted and present in the serum of mice during the animal's lifetime. This preclinical humanized mice model mimics in some aspects the tolerance to HBsAg observed in chronic HBV carriers. As a therapeutic tool, a DNA plasmid encoding the small and the middle protein of HBV was used to immunize Tg mice. Despite a high concentration of HBsAg in sera, injection of this DNA induced a high frequency of CD8+ T cells secreting IFNgamma. Nevertheless, the DNA-based immunization elicited no CD4+ T cell responses. However, when pro-inflammatory stimuli were given before or after DNA-based immunization, the HBsAg was cleared from the serum. This model provides evidence that HBsAg displayed a strong tolerogenic effect on the CD4+ T cell compartment. We also carried out a phase I trial evaluating tolerance to vaccination with a naked DNA vaccine encoding the small and middle envelope proteins in ten patients chronically infected with HBV who did not respond to existing treatments. This vaccination was well tolerated. In two patients a decrease in viral DNA levels accompanied by an HBe/anti-HBe seroconversion was observed. In four other patients the decrease was only transient, even if a fourth injection was given. However, after genetic vaccination, we demonstrated the induction or reactivation of IFNgamma-secreting envelope-specific T-cells in ail patients
Loirat, Delphine. "Rupture de la tolérance à l'antigène de surface du virus de l'hépatite B par l'immunisation génétique : modèle d'étude pour l'immunothérapie des hépatites B chroniques." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077215.
Full textLapalus, Martine. "Etude de marqueurs non-invasifs pour prédire la réactivation virale et la sévérité de la fibrose chez les patients atteints d'hépatite chronique B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077248.
Full textChronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of my thesis was to study both host and viral non-invasive markers to predict i) the viral reactivation in asymptomatic HBeAg negative patients and ii) the severity of liver fibrosis. A total of 129 and 377 patients were respectively included in the two studies. First, a combination of HBsAg > 1000 IU/mL and HBV-DNA > 200 IU/mL at the first visit, allows to identify HBeAg negative CHB patients who are at high risk of reactivation with a high sensitivity (92 %) and negative predictive value (NPV, 96 %). These patients will benefit from a treatment to limit the progression of liver disease. Interestingly, a single HBsAg measurement < 1000 UI/mL or an annual decrease > 0. 3 logioUl/mL predict HBsAg seroclearance (PPV: 89 %, NPV: 95 %). We next investigated factors associated with significant fibrosis (METAVIR >F2). Advanced age (p < 0. 0001), ALT level (p = 0. 02), HBV-DNA viral load (p = 0. 0006) and the presence of HBV variants (basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC), p < 0. 0001) are independently associated with significant fibrosis (METAVIR >F2). The combination of these 4 non-invasive variables accurately predicts significant fibrosis (c-index = 0. 76 [95% IC 0. 71-0. 81]) in CHB patients. The strong association of the BCP mutation with the severity of the disease suggests its impact on the natural history of CHB. In this work, we characterized several non-invasive markers clinically relevant to improve the management of CHB patients in particular regarding the decision to initiate a treatment
Feng-Jiao, Deng. "Activites de transcription et de traduction d'un genome exogene (hbv) injecte dans l'ovocyte de l'amphibien anoure "xenopus laevis" daudin." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05S001.
Full textEschlimann, Marine. "Influence de la variabilité des protéines d’enveloppe du virus de l’hépatite B sur l’évolution de l’infection évaluée par la persistance de l’antigène HBs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0133/document.
Full textChronic hepatitis B affects about 257 million people worldwide. The loss of HBS antigen (HBsAg), a marker of the functional cure, is very rarely observed, even on anti-HBV treatment (3-16%). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins (HBsAg) are highly variable and crucial for the viral infectivity and pathogeny. We hypothesized that the HBV variability in the envelope proteins could explain, at least partially, the evolution of HBV infection, evaluated by HBsAg clearance, in patients treated or not by anti-HBV nucleos(t)idic analogues. For 29 patients infected with different HBV genotypes (A, C and D), presenting different clinical profiles (acute or chronic infection, HBV/HIV co-infection) and therapies, a very high variability of HBV envelope proteins was observed. In these patients, the persistence of HBsAg was correlated with the presence of mutations and deletions located in areas that play a key role in the viral recognition by the immune system. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the study of HBV envelope proteins could highlight molecular signatures influencing HBV fitness which would subsequently modify the clinical evolution of HBV-related disease