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Journal articles on the topic 'Antihydrogene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Baker, C. J., W. Bertsche, A. Capra, et al. "Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms." Nature 592, no. 7852 (2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6.

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AbstractThe photon—the quantum excitation of the electromagnetic field—is massless but carries momentum. A photon can therefore exert a force on an object upon collision1. Slowing the translational motion of atoms and ions by application of such a force2,3, known as laser cooling, was first demonstrated 40 years ago4,5. It revolutionized atomic physics over the following decades6–8, and it is now a workhorse in many fields, including studies on quantum degenerate gases, quantum information, atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics. However, this technique has not yet been applied to anti

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2

Ahmadi, M., B. X. R. Alves, C. J. Baker, et al. "Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen." Nature 548, no. 7665 (2017): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature23446.

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Abstract The observation of hyperfine structure in atomic hydrogen by Rabi and co-workers1,2,3 and the measurement4 of the zero-field ground-state splitting at the level of seven parts in 1013 are important achievements of mid-twentieth-century physics. The work that led to these achievements also provided the first evidence for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron5,6,7,8, inspired Schwinger’s relativistic theory of quantum electrodynamics9,10 and gave rise to the hydrogen maser11, which is a critical component of modern navigation, geo-positioning and very-long-baseline interferometr

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3

Olin, Art. "Measurements of Properties of Antihydrogen." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600698.

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The ALPHA project at the CERN AD is testing fundamental symmetries between matter and antimatter using trapped antihydrogen atoms. The spectrum of the antihydrogen atom may be compared to ordinary hydrogen where it has been measured very precisely. CPT conservation, which underpins our current theoretical framework, requires equality of the masses and charges of matter and its antimatter partners, so antihydrogen spectroscopy presents a path to precision CPT tests. I will discuss the techniques used by ALPHA to trap more than 8000 antihydrogen atoms in 2016, and interrogate them for 600s. The

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4

Eriksson, S. "Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2116 (2018): 20170268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0268.

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Both the 1S–2S transition and the ground state hyperfine spectrum have been observed in trapped antihydrogen. The former constitutes the first observation of resonant interaction of light with an anti-atom, and the latter is the first detailed measurement of a spectral feature in antihydrogen. Owing to the narrow intrinsic linewidth of the 1S–2S transition and use of two-photon laser excitation, the transition energy can be precisely determined in both hydrogen and antihydrogen, allowing a direct comparison as a test of fundamental symmetry. The result is consistent with CPT invariance at a re

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5

Kolbinger, B., C. Amsler, H. Breuker, et al. "Recent Developments from ASACUSA on Antihydrogen Detection." EPJ Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818101003.

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The ASACUSA Collaboration at CERNs Antiproton Decelerator aims to measure the ground state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen with high precision to test the fundamental symmetry of CPT (combination of charge conjugation, parity transformation, and time reversal). For this purpose an antihydrogen detector has been developed. Its task is to count the arriving antihydrogen atoms and therefore distinguish backgroundevents (mainly cosmics) from antiproton annihilations originating from antihydrogen atoms which are produced only in small amounts. A central BGO crystal disk with position sensitive

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6

Doser, M., S. Aghion, C. Amsler, et al. "AEgIS at ELENA: outlook for physics with a pulsed cold antihydrogen beam." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2116 (2018): 20170274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0274.

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The efficient production of cold antihydrogen atoms in particle traps at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator has opened up the possibility of performing direct measurements of the Earth’s gravitational acceleration on purely antimatter bodies. The goal of the AEgIS collaboration is to measure the value of g for antimatter using a pulsed source of cold antihydrogen and a Moiré deflectometer/Talbot–Lau interferometer. The same antihydrogen beam is also very well suited to measuring precisely the ground-state hyperfine splitting of the anti-atom. The antihydrogen formation mechanism chosen by AEgIS is

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7

Malbrunot, C., C. Amsler, S. Arguedas Cuendis, et al. "The ASACUSA antihydrogen and hydrogen program: results and prospects." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2116 (2018): 20170273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0273.

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The goal of the ASACUSA-CUSP collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN is to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using an atomic spectroscopy beamline. A milestone was achieved in 2012 through the detection of 80 antihydrogen atoms 2.7 m away from their production region. This was the first observation of ‘cold’ antihydrogen in a magnetic field free region. In parallel to the progress on the antihydrogen production, the spectroscopy beamline was tested with a source of hydrogen. This led to a measurement at a relative precision of 2.7×10 −9 which constitutes

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8

Madsen, N., G. B. Andresen, M. D. Ashkezari, et al. "Search for trapped antihydrogen in ALPHAThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (2011): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-085.

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Antihydrogen spectroscopy promises precise tests of the symmetry of matter and antimatter, and can possibly offer new insights into the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Antihydrogen is, however, difficult to synthesize and is produced only in small quantities. The ALPHA collaboration is therefore pursuing a path towards trapping cold antihydrogen to permit the use of precision atomic physics tools to carry out comparisons of antihydrogen and hydrogen. ALPHA has addressed these challenges. Control of the plasma sizes has helped to lower the influence of the multipole field used in the neutral

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9

Dufour, G., D. B. Cassidy, P. Crivelli, et al. "Prospects for Studies of the Free Fall and Gravitational Quantum States of Antimatter." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/379642.

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Different experiments are ongoing to measure the effect of gravity on cold neutral antimatter atoms such as positronium, muonium, and antihydrogen. Among those, the project GBAR at CERN aims to measure precisely the gravitational fall of ultracold antihydrogen atoms. In the ultracold regime, the interaction of antihydrogen atoms with a surface is governed by the phenomenon of quantum reflection which results in bouncing of antihydrogen atoms on matter surfaces. This allows the application of a filtering scheme to increase the precision of the free fall measurement. In the ultimate limit of sma

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10

Yu. Voronin, A., V. V. Nesvizhevsky, G. Dufour, et al. "A spectroscopy approach to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451460266x.

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We study a method to induce resonant transitions between antihydrogen [Formula: see text] quantum states above a material surface in the gravitational field of the Earth. The method consists of applying a gradient of magnetic field, which is temporally oscillating with the frequency equal to a frequency of transition between gravitational states of antihydrogen. A corresponding resonant change in the spatial density of antihydrogen atoms could be measured as a function of the frequency of applied field. We estimate an accuracy of measuring antihydrogen gravitational states spacing and show how

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11

Madsen, Niels. "Cold antihydrogen: a new frontier in fundamental physics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1924 (2010): 3671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0026.

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The year 2002 heralded a breakthrough in antimatter research when the first low energy antihydrogen atoms were produced. Antimatter has inspired both science and fiction writers for many years, but detailed studies have until now eluded science. Antimatter is notoriously difficult to study as it does not readily occur in nature, even though our current understanding of the laws of physics have us expecting that it should make up half of the universe. The pursuit of cold antihydrogen is driven by a desire to solve this profound mystery. This paper will motivate the current effort to make cold a

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12

Scampoli, Paola, and James Storey. "The AEgIS experiment at CERN for the measurement of antihydrogen gravity acceleration." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 17 (2014): 1430017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300171.

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The Antihydrogen Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy (AEgIS) experiment is conducted by an international collaboration based at CERN whose aim is to perform the first direct measurement of the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen in the local field of the Earth, with Δg/g = 1% precision as a first achievement. The idea is to produce cold (100 mK) antihydrogen [Formula: see text] through a pulsed charge exchange reaction by overlapping clouds of antiprotons, from the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) and positronium atoms inside a Penning trap. The antihydrogen has to be produced

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13

van der Werf, D. P. "The GBAR experiment." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602634.

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The classical Weak Equivalence Principle has not yet been tested using antimatter in matter gravitational fields. The GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment, recently approved by CERN, proposes to measure the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen. In this experiment, positive antihydrogen ions will be produced, and subsequently cooled down using laser cooled Be + ions. Then, when a temperature of around 20 μK has been reached, the excess positron will be detached and the free-fall time will be measured using the antiproton annihilation products. An overview of the e

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14

Deutch, B. I. "Antihydrogen." Materials Science Forum 175-178 (November 1994): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.175-178.21.

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15

Dimitroyannis, D. "Antihydrogen." Science 272, no. 5258 (1996): 15d—19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.15d.

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16

Dimitroyannis, D. "Antihydrogen." Science 272, no. 5258 (1996): 18a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.18a.

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17

Eades, John, Richard J. Hughes, and Claus Zimmermann. "Antihydrogen." Physics World 6, no. 7 (1993): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/6/7/35.

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18

Deutch, B. I. "Antihydrogen." Hyperfine Interactions 84, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02060638.

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19

Evans, C., S. Aghion, C. Amsler, et al. "Towards the first measurement of matter-antimatter gravitational interaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202040.

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The AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) is a CERN based experiment with the central aim to measure directly the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen. Antihydrogen atoms will be produced via charge exchange reactions which will consist of Rydberg-excited positronium atoms sent to cooled antiprotons within an electromagnetic trap. The resulting Rydberg antihydrogen atoms will then be horizontally accelerated by an electric field gradient (Stark effect), they will then pass through a moiré deflectometer. The vertical deflection caused by the Earth's gravitat

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20

Hughes, Jennifer. "As the Antiworld Turns." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 04 (1999): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-apr-2.

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This article focuses on the fact that a single atom of antimatter—in particular, antihydrogen—may unlock fundamental mysteries of our universe and could lead to revolutionary advances in medicine and space travel. Physicists, through experiments due to begin soon in Geneva, Switzerland, hope to produce a relatively large amount of antihydrogen on a regular basis to compare matter and antimatter. Athena and Atrap share the goal of producing antihydrogen atoms at low energies, in a magnetic trap, and comparing the energy levels and behavior of antihydrogen with hydrogen. The Athena collaboration

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21

Bertsche, W. A. "Prospects for comparison of matter and antimatter gravitation with ALPHA-g." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2116 (2018): 20170265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0265.

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The ALPHA experiment has recently entered an expansion phase of its experimental programme, driven in part by the expected benefits of conducting experiments in the framework of the new AD + ELENA antiproton facility at CERN. With antihydrogen trapping now a routine operation in the ALPHA experiment, the collaboration is leading progress towards precision atomic measurements on trapped antihydrogen atoms, with the first excitation of the 1S–2S transition and the first measurement of the antihydrogen hyperfine spectrum (Ahmadi et al. 2017 Nature 541 , 506–510 ( doi:10.1038/nature21040 ); Nature

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22

Ferragut, R., A. S. Belov, G. Bonomi, et al. "Antihydrogen physics: gravitation and spectroscopy in AEgISThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-099.

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AEgIS (Antimatter experiment: gravity, interferometry, spectroscopy) is an experiment approved by CERN with the goal of studying antihydrogen physics. In AEgIS, antihydrogen will be produced by charge exchange reactions of cold antiprotons with positronium atoms excited in a Rydberg state (n > 20). In the first phase of the experiment, controlled acceleration by an electric field gradient (Stark effect) and subsequent measurement of free fall in a Moiré deflectometer will allow a test of the weak equivalence principle. In a second phase, the antihydrogen will be slowed, confined, and laser-

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23

Blaum, Klaus, Mark G. Raizen, and Wolfgang Quint. "An experimental test of the weak equivalence principle for antihydrogen at the future FLAIR facility." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602646.

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We present new experimental ideas to investigate the gravitational interaction of antihydrogen. The experiment can first be performed in an off-line mirror measurement on hydrogen atoms, as a testing ground for our methods, before the implementation with antihydrogen atoms. A beam of hydrogen atoms is formed by launching a cold beam of protons through a cloud of trapped electrons in a nested Penning trap arrangement. In the next step, the atoms are stopped in a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils — so-called atomic coilgun. The stopped atoms are confined in a magnetic quadrupole trap and co

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24

Butler, E., G. B. Andresen, M. D. Ashkezari, et al. "Trapped antihydrogen." Hyperfine Interactions 212, no. 1-3 (2011): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-011-0396-3.

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25

Gabrielse, Gerald. "Slow antihydrogen." Physics Today 63, no. 3 (2010): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3366248.

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26

Andresen, G. B., M. D. Ashkezari, M. Baquero-Ruiz, et al. "Trapped antihydrogen." Nature 468, no. 7324 (2010): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09610.

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27

Wilson, R. Mark. "Trapping antihydrogen." Physics Today 64, no. 1 (2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3578253.

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28

Hijmans, Tom W. "Cold antihydrogen." Nature 419, no. 6906 (2002): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419439a.

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29

Charlton, M., J. Eades, D. Horváth, R. J. Hughes, and C. Zimmermann. "Antihydrogen physics." Physics Reports 241, no. 2 (1994): 65–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(94)90081-7.

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30

Fujiwara, M. C., G. Andresen, W. Bertsche, et al. "Towards antihydrogen confinement with the ALPHA antihydrogen trap." Hyperfine Interactions 172, no. 1-3 (2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-007-9527-2.

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31

Charlton, Michael. "Possibilities for antihydrogen formation by antiproton-positronium collisions." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 7-8 (1996): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-068.

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Progress made towards the production of antihydrogen by antiproton–positronium collisions is surveyed. This includes an outline of how antiprotons ejected in short bursts from the low energy antiproton ring (LEAR) at CERN are captured, cooled, and stored in a Penning trap. Details are given of how a source of low-energy positrons can be interfaced to this trap to promote antihydrogen formation. Production rates and a possible scenario are outlined. We conclude with some comments on what might happen after the closure of LEAR, currently scheduled to take place at the end of 1996.

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32

Dufour, Gabriel, Romain Guérout, Astrid Lambrecht, Valery Nesvizhevsky, Serge Reynaud, and Alexei Voronin. "Quantum reflection of antihydrogen in the GBAR experiment." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602658.

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In the GBAR experiment, cold antihydrogen atoms will be left to fall on an annihilation plate with the aim of measuring the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. Here, we study the quantum reflection of these antiatoms due to the Casimir-Polder potential above the plate. We give realistic estimates of the potential and quantum reflection amplitudes, taking into account the specificities of antihydrogen and the optical properties of the plate. We find that quantum reflection is enhanced for weaker potentials, for example above thin slabs, graphene and nanoporous media.

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33

Radics, B. "Estimation of antihydrogen properties in experiments with small signal deficit." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2223 (2019): 20180663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0663.

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For a class of precision CPT-invariance test measurements using antihydrogen, a deficit in the data indicates the presence of the signal. The construction of classical confidence intervals for the properties of the antiatoms from measurements may pose a challenge due to the limited statistics experimentally available. We use the Feldman–Cousins (Feldman and Cousins, Phys. Rev. D , 57 , 3873. ( doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.57.3873 )) method to estimate model parameters for such a low count rate measurement. First, we construct confidence intervals for the Poisson process with a known background and an

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34

Rizzini, E. Lodi, L. Venturelli, and N. Zurlo. "The mechanisms of antihydrogen formationThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada on 21–26 July 2008." Canadian Journal of Physics 87, no. 7 (2009): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p09-022.

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Some years have passed since the report of the first production of cold antihydrogen by the Athena Collaboration and the Atrap Collaboration at CERN, but no clear answer has been given about the roles of the two mechanisms responsible for antihydrogen formation. A new preliminary analysis of the data acquired by the Athena Collaboration in different experimental conditions seems to suggest that three-body recombination mechanism is dominant in the first tens of seconds of the overlapping of the injected antiproton cloud with the positron plasma in the nested Penning trap, while radiative captu

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35

Armour, E. A. G., and J. M. Carr. "Hydrogen–antihydrogen interactions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 143, no. 1-2 (1998): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00213-4.

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36

Walz, J., H. Pittner, M. Herrmann, P. Fendel, B. Henrich, and T. W. Hänsch. "Cold antihydrogen atoms." Applied Physics B 77, no. 8 (2003): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1344-y.

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37

Landua, R. "Antihydrogen at CERN." Physics Reports 403-404 (December 2004): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.021.

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38

Jørgensen, L. V., G. Andresen, W. Bertsche, et al. "Towards trapped antihydrogen." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 3 (2008): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.12.009.

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39

Walz, J. "Cold Antihydrogen Atoms." Physica Scripta 70, no. 6 (2004): C30—C34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/70/6/n05.

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40

Froelich, P., S. Jonsell, A. Saenz, B. Zygelman, and A. Dalgarno. "Hydrogen-Antihydrogen Collisions." Physical Review Letters 84, no. 20 (2000): 4577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.4577.

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41

Bertsche, W. A., E. Butler, M. Charlton, and N. Madsen. "Physics with antihydrogen." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 48, no. 23 (2015): 232001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/23/232001.

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42

Lodi-Rizzini, E., M. Charlton, R. S. Hayano, A. Rotondi, L. Venturelli, and N. Zurlo. "Antihydrogen formation mechanisms." EPJ Web of Conferences 66 (2014): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146605015.

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43

Charlton, Michael. "Antihydrogen on tap." Physics Education 40, no. 3 (2005): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/40/3/003.

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44

Meier, H., Z. Halabuka, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann, and G. Baur. "Relativistic antihydrogen production." European Physical Journal C 5, no. 2 (1998): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520050271.

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45

Meier, H., Z. Halabuka, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann, and G. Baur. "Relativistic antihydrogen production." European Physical Journal C 5, no. 2 (1998): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100529800847.

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46

Baur, G., G. Boero, A. Brauksiepe, et al. "Production of antihydrogen." Physics Letters B 368, no. 3 (1996): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00005-6.

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47

Storry, C. H., M. Aggarwal, A. Akbari, et al. "ATRAP antihydrogen experiments." physica status solidi (c) 4, no. 10 (2007): 3437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200675759.

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48

Madsen, Niels. "Spectroscopy of antihydrogen." Europhysics News 52, no. 4 (2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2021404.

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In 2017 the first observation of an optical transition in an anti-atom was announced by the ALPHA collaboration. This marked a new era in using precision measurements to help unravel one of the most profound questions of modern physics; why the Universe is predominantly made of matter.

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49

Jonsell, S., A. Saenz, P. Froelich, B. Zygelman, and A. Dalgarno. "Including the strong nuclear force in antihydrogen-scattering calculations." Canadian Journal of Physics 83, no. 4 (2005): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p05-017.

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We investigate two methods to include the strong nuclear force in hydrogenantihydrogen scattering calculations. First, we construct a model optical potential with parameters determined by the measured shift and width of the protonium ground state. Although this potential is a very crude model for the strong nuclear force, its parameters may be adjusted to reproduce both bound states and low-energy annihilation cross sections to within the experimental accuracy. It is then shown that this potential may be reduced to a short-distance boundary condition in terms of the protonantiproton strong-i

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50

Ariga, T., S. Aghion, O. Ahlén, et al. "Measuring GBAR with emulsion detector." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602683.

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The motivation of the AEgIS experiment is to test the universality of free fall with antimatter. The goal is to reach a relative uncertainty of 1% for the measurement of the earth's gravitational acceleration [Formula: see text] on an antihydrogen beam. High vertex position resolution is required for a position detector. An emulsion based detector can measure the annihilation vertex of antihydrogen atoms with a resolution of 1-2 μm, which if realized in the actual experiment will enable a 1% measurement of [Formula: see text] with less than 1000 [Formula: see text] atoms. Developments and achi

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