Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antike'

Die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig gehört zu den großen Altbestandsbibliotheken in Deutschland. Sie besitzt eine Vielzahl an bedeutenden Sonderbeständen, die den Rang eines nationalen Kulturerbes einnehmen. <i>Das Buch in Antike, Mittelalter und Neuzeit</i> gibt einen Einblick in die Arbeit mit diesen Sonderbeständen. Von Beiträgen zu Dokumenten aus antiker Zeit, Papyri und Ostraka über Aufsätze zu mittelalterlichen Handschriften bis hin zur neuzeitlichen Handschriftenüberlieferung (Buchhandschriften, aber auch Nachlässe, Autographensammlungen und Stammbücher) werden Erschließungsfragen diskutiert, für die in den letzten Jahren durch die Einbindung EDV-technischer Verfahren neue Lösungsvorschläge erarbeitet wurden. Aufsätze über druckgraphische Sammlungen, Gelehrtenbibliotheken und Schulschriftensammlungen tragen dem zentralen Bestandteil einer jeden Bibliothek, dem gedruckten Buch, und der Geschichte des europäischen Buchdrucks Rechnung. Zudem wird der Erschließung von Sammlungen nichteuropäischer Handschriften, von Texten in den Sprachen Arabisch, Persisch und Türkisch sowie in indischen Sprachen nachgegangen, die die Leipziger Bibliothek vor besondere Herausforderungen stellen. Die Konzentration auf die Dokumentation des Bucherbes hat es nicht verhindert, dass an der Universitätsbibliothek auch andere Medientypen gesammelt wurden. Dazu gehört an erster Stelle die größte universitäre Sammlung in Deutschland von 85.000 Münzen und Medaillen, die nun erstmals vorgestellt wird.

U ovom radu se proučava bogatstvo arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta sa teritorije dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Republike Srbije sa aspekta razvoja hemijske proizvodnje, tj. materijalne kulture, koja je&nbsp;postignuta, za to doba, karakterističnom proizvodnjom metalne robe i građevinskog&nbsp;materijala. Uzorci koji su kori&scaron;ćeni, u većini slučajeva, nisu imali prethodni tretman ili su&nbsp;vađeni direktno iz leži&scaron;ta arheolo&scaron;kih nalaza, uz odobrenje lokalnih i regionalnih muzeja:&nbsp;&bdquo;Muzej Vojvodine&rdquo; u Novom Sadu, &bdquo;Zavičajni muzej&rdquo; u Rumi, &bdquo;Muzej Srema&rdquo; u Sremskoj&nbsp;Mitrovici, &bdquo;Muzej Viminacium&rdquo; kod Kostolca, &bdquo;Arheolo&scaron;ki muzej Đerdapa&rdquo; u Kladovu,&nbsp;Muzej &bdquo;Đerdap 2&rdquo; u Turn Severinu, Rumunija, &nbsp;&bdquo;Muzej Krajine&rdquo; u Negotinu, &bdquo;Narodni&nbsp;muzej&rdquo; u Zaječaru, &bdquo;Muzej Mediana&rdquo;, kraj Ni&scaron;a. Uzorci građevinskog materijala, opeke i&nbsp;vezivnog materijala potiču sa arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta: Mihajlovac-Klevora (<em>Clevora</em>), Trajanov&nbsp;most, Medijana (<em>Mediana</em>), Dijana <em>(Diana</em>), Najsus (<em>Naissus</em>), Feliks Romulijana <em>(Felix&nbsp;Romuliana</em>), Frateniza, &Scaron;arkamen, Hrtkovci i Viminacijum (<em>Viminacium</em>). Uzorci rimskih&nbsp;novčića su: iz perioda vladavine Flavia Julia Constantiusa, sa arheolo&scaron;kog lokaliteta Sirmium&nbsp;i drugih arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta dana&scaron;nje AP Vojvodine i sa arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta Istočne&nbsp;Srbije. Metode ispitivanja arheolo&scaron;kih uzoraka su: Mikroskopija, metalur&scaron;ki mikroskopi&nbsp;<em>Leitz</em>, <em>Orthoplan</em>, (x100) i <em>Carl Zeiss Jena</em> (x1000), gemolo&scaron;ki mikroskop <em>Konig electronic&nbsp;</em>(200X), skenirajući elektronski mikroskop (<em>Scanning electronic microscopy</em>, SEM), JEOL&nbsp;JSM-6460LV; Spektroskopske metode, Energetski disperzivni spektroskop (<em>Energy&nbsp;dispersive spectroscopy</em>), EDS Oxford Instrument; Rendgenska fluorometrija <em>(X-ray&nbsp;fluorescence </em>XRF), <em>Thermo Fisher,</em> NITON XL 3t-950.<em>Poglavlja u radu</em>: I Teorijski deo: Teorijski deo čine dva poglavlja: uvod i op&scaron;ti deo.&nbsp;U prvom poglavlju su istaknuti razlozi i ciljevi odabira građevinskog materijala i metalnih&nbsp;novčića, kao polazna tačka istraživanja razvoja hemijske proizvodnje u doba &nbsp;antike na&nbsp;teritoriji dana&scaron;nje Srbije. Vojna inženjerija je bila inicijator razvoja tehnologije građevinskog&nbsp;materijala i metalnih novčića, dok je ostala hemijska proizvodnja bila na nivou zanatskih&nbsp;ve&scaron;tina. Drugo poglavlje čini pet tema: Op&scaron;i deo, Istorijske i dru&scaron;tvene prilike u doba antike u&nbsp;Rimu i na teritoriji Balkana, Istorijske i dru&scaron;tvene prilike u doba antike na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Srbije, Proizvodnja opeke u doba &nbsp;antike i Metalurgija u doba antike na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Srbije. II Metodologija istraživanja: Poglavlje Metodologija istraživanja obuhvata: Predmet&nbsp;istraživanja, Problem istraživanja, Cilj istraživanja, Zadatke istraživanja, Hipoteze. III &nbsp;Ekspeimentalni deo: Eksperimentalni deo je podeljen u dve veće celine: Materijal i Metode.&nbsp;Celinu Materijal čini sedam odlomaka: Uzorkovanje materijala, Uzimanje uzoraka&nbsp;građevinskog materijala, Detekcija uzoraka građevinskog materijala vizuelnim putem,&nbsp;Kalupljenje uzoraka građevinskog materijala, Digitalna fotografija i optička mikroskopija&nbsp;uzoraka opeke, Detekcija metalnih novčića. Celinu Metode čini pet odlomaka: Terenska&nbsp;istraživanja, bibliografska, muzeolo&scaron;ka, arhivska i kartografska istraživanja, Lociranje&nbsp;arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta (geofizička merenja), Fotografije arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta, Hemijske&nbsp;analize građevinskog materijala (Skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija <em>(Scanning electronic&nbsp;microscopy</em>, SEM); Energijsko disperziona spektroskopija (<em>Energy dispersive spectroscopy</em>,&nbsp;EDS)), Hemijske analize metalnog novca (Mikroskopska analiza metalnog novca;&nbsp;Rendgenska fluoroscentna analiza (<em>X-ray fluorescence analysis</em>, XRF) metalnog novca). IV&nbsp;Diskusija rezultata istraživanja: U diskusiji rezultata istraživanja su: Prikaz, Interpretacija&nbsp;rezultata analiza; Diskusija dobijenih rezultata; Uporedne analize podataka. V Zaključak: Na&nbsp;osnovu istraživanja, konstatovano je da je hemijska proizvodnja u kasnoj antici, bila&nbsp;usmerena: ka dobijanju kvalitetnog građevinskog materijala i prema razvijenoj metalurgiji u&nbsp;kovnicama metalnog novca. VI Prilog: Prilozima se prikazuju: biografski i bibliografski&nbsp;prikazi arheologa, istraživača arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta, deo karte rimskih puteva &bdquo;Tabula&nbsp;Peutingriana&rdquo;, odlomak iz Vitruviusovih knjiga, izgled novčića sa likovima rimskih&nbsp;imperatora koji su rođeni na tlu dana&scaron;nje Republike Srbije, rad kojim se dokazuje da je&nbsp;opeku, najče&scaron;će, proizvodila vojska, podaci o glini, kao osnovnoj sirovini za proizvodnju&nbsp;opeke, mineralni sastav zemlji&scaron;ta, odrednica hemijskog sastava građevinskog materijala,&nbsp;rezultati hemijske analize ručno pravljene opeke, kao i rezultati hemijske analize savremene&nbsp;opeke. VII Literatura: U ovom radu je navedeno 445 naslova.&nbsp;Ova doktorska teza objedinjuje regije koje su istraživali poznati naučnici, tj. sve veće&nbsp;arheolo&scaron;ke lokalitete na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje Republike Srbije, tako &nbsp;da otvara put za dalja&nbsp;uporedna istraživanja i ispitivanja u hemiji, arheologiji, muzeologiji, arhitekturi, kao i&nbsp;poslovima restauracije, &scaron;to, do sada, nije u dovoljnoj meri učinjeno.&nbsp;<br>This paper examines the wealth of archaeological sites on the territory of present-day&nbsp;Republic Serbia in terms of the development of chemical production, material &nbsp;culture, which&nbsp;is achieved, for the time, the typical manufacture of metal goods, and building materials. The&nbsp;samples that were used, in most cases, they had no prior treatment or were extracted directly&nbsp;from the deposits of archaeological finds, with the approval of local and regional museum:&nbsp;&rdquo;The Museum of Vojvodina&rdquo; in Novi Sad, &rdquo;Heritage Museum&rdquo; in Ruma, &rdquo;The Museum of&nbsp;Srem&rdquo; in Sremska Mitrovica, &rdquo;Museum Viminacium&rdquo; near Kostolac, &rdquo;Archaeological&nbsp;Museum Đerdap&rdquo; in Kladovo, Museum &rdquo;Đerdap 2&rdquo; in Drobeta Turn-Severin, Romania,&nbsp;&rdquo;Museum of Krajina&rdquo; in Negotin, &rdquo;National Museum&rdquo; in Zaječar, Museum &rdquo;Mediana&rdquo;, near&nbsp;Ni&scaron;. Samples of building materials, bricks and connective material originating from&nbsp;archaeological sites: Mihajlovac-Clevora, Trajanʼs Bridge, Mediana, Diana, Naissus, Felix&nbsp;Romuliana, Frateniza, &Scaron;arkamen, Hrtkovci and Viminacium. Samples of Roman coins are&nbsp;from the &nbsp;reign of Constantius Julia Flavia, the archaeological site of Sirmium and other&nbsp;archaeological sites today Vojvodina and from archaeological sites in Eastern Serbia&nbsp;(Prahovo). Test methods for archaeological samples are: Microscopy, Metallurgical&nbsp;Microscopes Leitz, ORHTOPLAN (x100) and Carl Zeiss Jena (x1000) Gemmological Konig&nbsp;Electronic Microscope (200X), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), JEOL JSM-6460LV;&nbsp;Spectroscopic Methods, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), Oxford Instrument; X-Ray&nbsp;Fluorometry (XRF ), Thermo Fisher, NITON XL 3t- 950th.&nbsp;Chapters in the paper: I Theoretical part: The theoretical part consists of two chapters:&nbsp;introduction and general part. In the first chapter of the prominent causes and objectives of&nbsp;the selection of building materials and coins, as a starting point for research on the&nbsp;development of chemical production in ancient times on the territory of Serbia. Army Corps&nbsp;of Engineers was the initiator of the technology of building materials and coins, and other&nbsp;chemical production was at the level of craft skills. The second section consists of five topics:&nbsp;General part, historical and social conditions in ancient times in Rome and in the Balkans,&nbsp;historical and social conditions in ancient times on the territory of Serbia, Manufacture of&nbsp;bricks in ancient times and Metallurgy in ancient times on the territory of Serbia. II Research&nbsp;Methodology: Research Methodology Chapter includes: The research, research problem,&nbsp;research objectives, the tasks of research hypotheses. Ekspeimentalni part III: The&nbsp;experimental part is divided into two major parts: Materials and Methods. Whole material&nbsp;consists of seven sections: Sampling materials, sampling of construction materials, building&nbsp;materials detection patterns visually, molding samples of building materials, digital&nbsp;photography &nbsp;and optical microscopy samples of bricks, Detection coins. Whole methods&nbsp;consists of five sections: Field research, bibliographic, museum, archival research and&nbsp;mapping, locating archaeological sites (geophysical measurements), photos of archaeological&nbsp;sites, the chemical analysis of building materials Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),&nbsp;Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), the chemical analysis of coins (Microscopic&nbsp;Analysis; X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF). IV Discussion of research results: In the&nbsp;discussion of the research results are: Preview, interpretation of the results of analysis;&nbsp;Discussion of the results obtained; Comparative analysis of the data. In Conclusion: Based on&nbsp;the research, it was found that the chemical production in late antiquity, was directed: in&nbsp;obtaining high-quality building materials to advanced metallurgy in the mints coins.&nbsp;Appendix VI: Articles are displayed: biographical and bibliographical representations of&nbsp;archaeologists, researchers archaeological sites, part of the map of Roman roads &bdquo;Tabula&nbsp;Peutingriana&rdquo; section of &nbsp;Vitruviusovʼs books, coins with the appearance of the characters of&nbsp;Roman emperors were born in the territory of present-day Republic of Serbia, the work of&nbsp;proving that the bricks, usually producing army, data on clay, which is the basic raw material&nbsp;for the production of bricks, the mineral content of the soil, the term chemical composition &nbsp;of&nbsp;building materials, the results of chemical analysis handmade bricks, and the results of&nbsp;chemical analysis of contemporary brick. VII Literature: In this study indicated 445 titles.&nbsp;This doctoral thesis combines the region explored by famous scientists, ie. all major&nbsp;archaeological sites on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, so that it opens the way for&nbsp;further comparative research and studies in chemistry, archeology, museology, architecture&nbsp;and restoration operations, which, so far, has not &nbsp;been sufficiently done.