Journal articles: 'Antilock brake systems'

1

Denny, Mark. "The dynamics of antilock brake systems." European Journal of Physics 26, no. 6 (August 8, 2005): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/26/6/008.

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Williams, Allan F., and JoAnn K. Wells. "Driver experience with antilock brake systems." Accident Analysis & Prevention 26, no. 6 (December 1994): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(94)90057-4.

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Safonau, Andrei. "Antilock Brake System of Trolleybus." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10180-012-0002-5.

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Antilock Brake System of Trolleybus The antilock brake system (ABS) was developed, which co-ordinates actions of auxiliary and working braking systems of a trolleybus. A trolleybus type 321 "Belkommunmash", equipped with the proposed ABS was tested in road conditions. The results of tests confirmed compliance of the trolleybus with requirements of the rules UN EEC No 13. Decrease in slippage of the driving wheels, improved stability, roadability and traffic safety of the trolleybus was noted.

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Klimenko, V. I., L. A. Ryzhikh, A. N. Krasyuk, and D. N. Leontyev. "Modern Antilock Brake Systems and Realization of Their Operation Algorithms." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2009): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69869.

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Scheibe, Robert R., and Per G. Reinhall. "Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems on Board Commercial Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, no. 1 (January 1996): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000107.

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Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.

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Wagner, J. R. "Optimization of a Tire Traction Model for Antilock Brake System Simulations." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 117, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835180.

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The cost effective design of antilock brake systems for automobiles requires the use of computer aided design and analysis techniques, as well as traditional invehicle testing. An important consideration in the simulation of the vehicle and brake dynamics is the generation of the shear forces and aligning torques at the tire/road interface. Frequently, experimental tire data gathered over a limited number of road surfaces is extrapolated to test antilock brake systems on a variety of roads. However, this approach may lead to problems in correlating the simulated system performance with actual vehicle tests. In this study, nonlinear programming strategies are applied to an analytical tire model to facilitate the selection of system variables. The formulation of an optimization problem to determine these variables permits the generation of shear forces which correspond fairly well with the empirical data. Simulation results are presented and discussed for five road surfaces to indicate the overall performance of this technique.

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Eren, H., and A. G. Göktan. "Technical Note: External torque application on antilock brake systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 7 (July 2001): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011528374.

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8

Ariff, M. H. M., Hairi Zamzuri, N. R. N. Idris, and Saiful Amri Mazlan. "Antilock Braking System Slip Control Modeling Revisited." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.637.

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The introduction of anti-lock braking system (ABS) has been regarded as one of the solutions for braking performance issues due to its notable advantages. The subject had been extensively being studied by researchers until today, to improve the performance of the todays vehicles particularly on the brake system. In this paper, a basic modeling of an ABS braking system via slip control has been introduced on a quarter car model with a conventional hydraulic braking mode. Results of three fundamental controller designs used to evaluate the braking performance of the modeled ABS systems are also been presented. This revisited modeling guide, could be a starting point for new researchers to comprehend the basic braking system behavior before going into more complex braking systems studies.

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Wellstead, P. E., and N. B. O. L. Pettit. "Analysis and redesign of an antilock brake system controller." IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications 144, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cta:19971441.

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Petersen, Andrew, Rod Barrett, and Steven Morrison. "Driver-training and emergency brake performance in cars with antilock braking systems." Safety Science 44, no. 10 (December 2006): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.05.006.

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11

EVANS, LEONARD. "Antilock Brake Systems and Risk of Different Types of Crashes in Traffic." Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control 1, no. 1 (March 1999): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286589908915737.

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Harifi, A., A. Aghagolzadeh, G. Alizadeh, and M. Sadeghi. "Designing a sliding mode controller for slip control of antilock brake systems." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 16, no. 6 (December 2008): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2008.02.003.

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Haris, Sharil Izwan, Fauzi Ahmad, Mohd Hanif Che Hassan, and Ahmad Kamal Mat Yamin. "The Experimental Evaluation of Cone Wedge Shape based Electronic Wedge Brake Mechanism in Vehicle Braking System." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.7112.

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The brake system is one of the most critical parts of a vehicle's technology for avoiding accidents. The ultimate focus of the braking system is to guarantee that adequate stopping force is available to stop the vehicle's longitudinal movement. Therefore, the ability of a brake system to stop a vehicle must be examined in terms of analyzing the brake system's performance and the implementation of the brake system on actual vehicles. This study offers a performance evaluation of the Electronic Wedge Brake based on the Cone Wedge Shape (CW-EWB) on the vehicle brake systems. The evaluation was carried out through dynamic assessments, namely sudden braking tests at constant speeds of 40, 60, and 90 km/h using the MATLAB Simulink software simulation method and an experimental study using hardware-in-loop simulation (HILS). In the simulation study, the performance of the vehicle brake system using CW-EWB was compared with the brake performance of the vehicle using the conventional hydraulic brake (CHB). The results showed that CW-EWB behaved similarly to the hydraulic brake in terms of required brake torque output but with a faster response time, i.e., between 0.5 – 1 s. The HILS experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the CW-EWB on actual vehicles. This method confirmed the HILS results against the simulation results with a variable response time of less than 6%. Vehicle body speed, wheel speed, longitudinal tire slip, and stopping distance experienced by the vehicle were all evaluated. The study's findings show that the proposed CW-EWB is quite effective and sufficiently dependable to be used as a vehicle brake system, notably in Antilock Braking Systems.

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Li, Ju Wei, and Jian Wang. "Study of the Antilock Braking System with Electric Brake Force Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1985.

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Antilock braking system (ABS) is a standard equipment for passenger car, it can prevent automobile wheels from locking-up and improve braking performance. Electronic brake force distribution (EBD) can prevent the rear wheels from locking prior to the front wheels, it can automatically adjust the braking force distribution scale among the wheels. In this paper, a vehicle model and tire model are developed, a sliding mode controller is designed for ABS system and a fuzzy controller is designed for EBD system. Dry asphalt road and wet asphalt road are used to simulate the performance of ABS/EBD system. The simulation results show that the control method can make full use of the respective advantages of ABS and EBD systems.

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Mills, Val, John Wagner, and Bernard Samuel. "Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Antilock Brake Systems Subject to Vehicle Payload Shifting." Vehicle System Dynamics 37, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 283–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/vesd.37.4.283.3530.

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Lee-Gosselin, Martin, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier, and Isabelle Béchard. "Driver Knowledge and Beliefs About Antilock Brake Systems: Have Preconditions for Behavioral Adaptation Been Met?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, no. 1 (January 2001): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-09.

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Some studies suggest that the benefits of antilock brake systems (ABS) may be offset through behavioral adaptation, such as driving faster or following closer. Whether preconditions for behavioral adaptation exist was examined by investigating driver knowledge and beliefs about ABS. Telephone interviews were conducted throughout Quebec early in 1999 with principal drivers of a stratified random sample of 404 drivers with currently registered light-duty vehicles, registered to the same person for at least 18 months. The response rate was 82 percent of 492 reached. Only medium-range and high-end 1990-1995 vehicles, for which ABS was either standard equipment or unavailable, were selected. The protocol involved mostly open questions that encouraged respondents to reveal their knowledge and beliefs with minimal prompting. The results indicated an important lack of understanding, on the part of a majority of drivers, regarding the functioning and use of ABS. This varied from an inability to identify conditions in which ABS is favorable or unfavorable to serious misconceptions; about 25 percent were wrong about whether their vehicle was ABS equipped. Cognitive preconditions for behavioral adaptations—sometimes increased prudence—were found for a minority of this sample, and there may be a relationship between a low level of knowledge and the perceived possibility of driving faster with these brakes. There appears to be a case for improved public and dealer-delivered information on the advantages and disadvantages of ABS in different driving conditions, which if balanced should not increase unsafe behavioral adaptation.

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Tseng, H. Chris, and Charlie W. Chi. "Aircraft antilock brake system with neural networks and fuzzy logic." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 18, no. 5 (September 1995): 1113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.21512.

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Reddy, L. Vamsi Krishna. "Fabrication of Intelligent Braking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 1440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60120.

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Abstract: The braking system was designed and applied on a car to make the driving process safety using embedded system design. Most of the accident occurs due to the delay of the driver to hit the brake, so in this project work braking system is developed such that when it is active it can apply brake depending upon the object sensed by the Proximity sensor and speed of vehicle. Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, many of which occur in the urban environments. The most popular include Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), Traction Control and Stability Control. All these systems employ different types of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle, and respond in an emergency situation. An intelligent mechatronic system includes an Proximity wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting Proximity waves frontward in a predetermined distance. An Proximity receiver is also placed on the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective Proximity wave signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle and RPM counter gives speed of vehicle. The microcontroller is used to control the braking of the vehicle based on the detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and apply brake to the car stupendously for safety purpose.

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19

Miller, Jonathan I., Leon M. Henderson, and David Cebon. "Designing and testing an advanced pneumatic braking system for heavy vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 8 (November 19, 2012): 1715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212467578.

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Heavy goods vehicles exhibit poor braking performance in emergency situations when compared to other vehicles. Part of the problem is caused by sluggish pneumatic brake actuators, which limit the control bandwidth of their antilock braking systems. In addition, heuristic control algorithms are used that do not achieve the maximum braking force throughout the stop. In this article, a novel braking system is introduced for pneumatically braked heavy goods vehicles. The conventional brake actuators are improved by placing high-bandwidth, binary-actuated valves directly on the brake chambers. A made-for-purpose valve is described. It achieves a switching delay of 3–4 ms in tests, which is an order of magnitude faster than solenoids in conventional anti-lock braking systems. The heuristic braking control algorithms are replaced with a wheel slip regulator based on sliding mode control. The combined actuator and slip controller are shown to reduce stopping distances on smooth and rough, high friction ( μ = 0.9) surfaces by 10% and 27% respectively in hardware-in-the-loop tests compared with conventional ABS. On smooth and rough, low friction ( μ = 0.2) surfaces, stopping distances are reduced by 23% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, the overall air reservoir size required on a heavy goods vehicle is governed by its air usage during an anti-lock braking stop on a low friction, smooth surface. The 37% reduction in air usage observed in hardware-in-the-loop tests on this surface therefore represents the potential reduction in reservoir size that could be achieved by the new system.

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Rizzi, Matteo, Johan Strandroth, and Claes Tingvall. "The Effectiveness of Antilock Brake Systems on Motorcycles in Reducing Real-Life Crashes and Injuries." Traffic Injury Prevention 10, no. 5 (September 25, 2009): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389580903149292.

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21

Hwang, I.-Cheol. "Design of a Servo Controller for Antilock Brake Systems Based on the Automotive Tire Model." Journal of the Korea Society For Power System Engineering 19, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9726/kspse.2015.19.3.042.

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Johnson, Ann. "The Culture of ABS." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 09 (September 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-sep-1.

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This article explains features and advancements in the antilock braking systems (ABS). The ABS campaign is an example of the way that advertisements can inadvertently make engineering design seem like a process of fulfilling corporate visions. An antilock braking system monitors the rotating speed of an automobile’s wheels and, when it detects a too-rapid deceleration, momentarily releases the pressure applied to the brake. As ABS developed as a device, so did the community working on it. The problem at hand and the community addressing it were defined and evolved simultaneously. Initially, a community of about 50 researchers and design engineers formed around the problem of skidding automobiles. Electrical engineers from electronics firms, including Siemens and American Microsystems, joined the community by presenting papers at conferences on the use of purpose-design, solid-state microprocessors in cars. The challenge of introducing electronic control to the automobile industry, questionably reliable new technologies in general, was therefore shared by several companies that all moved to include integrated circuits and microprocessors in their designs. The real history of ABS presents a much more engaging picture of how engineers really bring products to market.

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Yang, Yang, Guangzheng Li, and Quanrang Zhang. "A Pressure-Coordinated Control for Vehicle Electro-Hydraulic Braking Systems." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092336.

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The characteristics of electro-hydraulic braking systems have a direct influence on the fuel consumption, emissions, brake safety, and ride comfort of hybrid electric vehicles. In order to realize efficient energy recovery for ensuring braking safety and considering that the existing electro-hydraulic braking pressure control systems have control complexity disadvantages and functional limitations, this study considers the front and rear dual-motor-driven hybrid electric vehicle as the prototype and based on antilock brake system (ABS) hardware, proposes a new braking pressure coordinated control system with electro-hydraulic braking function and developed a corresponding control strategy in order to realize efficient energy recovery and ensure braking safety, while considering the disadvantages of control complexity and functional limitations of existing electro-hydraulic system. The system satisfies the pressure coordinated control requirements of conventional braking, regenerative braking, and ABS braking. The vehicle dynamics model based on braking control strategy and pressure coordinated control system is established, and thereafter, the performance simulation of the vehicle-based pressure coordinated control system under typical braking conditions is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed system and control strategy. The simulation results show that the braking energy recovery rates under three different conditions—variable braking intensity, constant braking intensity and integrated braking model—are 66%, 55% and 47%. The battery state of charge (SOC) recovery rates are 0.37%, 0.31% and 0.36%. This proves that the motor can recover the reduced energy of the vehicle during braking and provide an appropriate braking force. It realizes the ABS control function and has good dynamic response and braking pressure control accuracy. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the program which lays the foundation for further design and optimization of the new regenerative braking system.

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He, Youguo, Chuandao Lu, Jie Shen, and Chaochun Yuan. "Design and analysis of output feedback constraint control for antilock braking system based on Burckhardt’s model." Assembly Automation 39, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-08-2018-0119.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve vehicles’ brake stability, the problem of constraint control for an antilock braking system (ABS) with asymmetric slip ratio constraints is concerned. A nonlinear control method based on barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is proposed not only to track the optimal slip ratio but also to guarantee no violation on slip ratio constraints. Design/methodology/approach A quarter vehicle braking model and Burckhardt’s tire model are considered. The asymmetric BLF is introduced into the controller for solving asymmetric slip ratio constraint problems. Findings The proposed controller can implement ABS zero steady-state error tracking of the optimal wheel slip ratio and make slip ratio constraints flexible for various runway surfaces and runway transitions. Simulation and experimental results show that the control scheme can guarantee no violation on slip ratio constraints and avoid self-locking. Originality/value The slip rate equation with uncertainties is established, and BLF is introduced into the design process of the constrained controller to realize the slip rate constrained control.

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Budijono, Agung Prijo, I. Nyoman Sutantra, and Agus Sigit Pramono. "Optimizing regenerative braking on electric vehicles using a model-based algorithm in the antilock braking system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp131-139.

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<span lang="EN-US">The regenerative braking effectiveness of electric vehicles (EVs), with <br /> 8-25% range, requires designers to produce better braking systems. The antilock braking system (ABS) was chosen because it offers various advantages, such as enhanced safety considerations, vehicle maneuverability, and so on. The measurement findings revealed that ABS took longer to stop the wheels with the same wheel rotation speed. Because of the lesser differentiation of magnetic flux to time, it created lower induced emf in the generator. ABS 50 Hz performance was 19.5% at 4500 pm, whereas hydraulic brake performance was 21% at the same speed. ABS used model-based algorithms (MBAs) to boost the friction frequency with the wheels from 10 to 50 Hz. As the frequency increased, the ABS graph approached the hydraulic graph, and the ABS performance improved. Although ABS loses to hydraulics in stopping wheel rotation, it gains in saved energy and battery temperature. Longer wheel stop-times allow the rotational kinetic energy of the wheel more time to be converted into electricity.</span>

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Choi, S. B. "Antilock Brake System With a Continuous Wheel Slip Control to Maximize the Braking Performance and the Ride Quality." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 16, no. 5 (September 2008): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2007.916308.

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Xu, Qiwei, Chuan Zhou, Hong Huang, and Xuefeng Zhang. "Research on the Coordinated Control of Regenerative Braking System and ABS in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Composite Structure Motor." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030223.

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An antilock braking system (ABS) can ensure that the wheels are not locked during the braking process which is an important system to ensure the safety of braking. Regenerative braking is also a crucial system for hybrid vehicles and helps to improve the cruising range of the car. As such, the coordinated control of a braking system and an ABS is an important research direction. This paper researches the coordinated control of the regenerative braking system and the ABS in the hybrid vehicle based on the composite structure motor (CSM-HEV). Firstly, two new braking modes which are engine-motor coordinated braking (EMCB) and dual-motor braking (DMB) are proposed and the coordinated control model of regenerative braking and ABS is established. Then, for the purpose of optimal operating efficiency and guaranteeing the vehicle brake slip rate, a braking force distribution strategy based on predictive control algorithm is proposed. Finally, the Simulink model is established to simulate the control strategy. Results show that the slip rate can well track the target and ensure the efficient operation of the system. Compared with the normal braking mode, the braking energy recovery rate of EMCB is similar, but it can reduce the fuel loss of the engine during the braking process by 30.1%, DMB can improve the braking energy recovery efficiency by 16.78%, and the response time to track target slip is increased by 12 ms.

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Nemah, Mohammad Najeh. "Modelling and Development of Linear and Nonlinear Intelligent Controllers for Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS)." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i3.597.

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Antilock braking systems (ABS) are utilized as a part of advanced autos to keep the vehicle’s wheels from deadlocking when the brakes are connected. The control performance of ABS utilizing linear and nonlinear controls is cleared up in this research. In order to design the control system of ABS a nonlinear dynamic model of the antilock braking systems is derived relying upon its physical system. The dynamic model contains set of equations valid for simulation and control of the mechanical framework. Two different controllers technique is proposed to control the behaviors of ABS. The first one utilized the PID controller with linearized technique around specific point to control the nonlinear system, while the second one used the nonlinear discrete time controller to control the nonlinear mathematical model directly. This investigation contributes to more additional information for the simulation of the two controllers, and demonstrates a clear and reasonable advantage of the classical PID controller on the nonlinear discrete time controller in control the antilock braking system.

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Middleton, Dan, and John Rowe. "Feasibility of Standardized Diagnostic Device for Maintenance and Inspection of Commercial Motor Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, no. 1 (January 1996): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000108.

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The rapid growth in the number of trucks on the nation's highways combined with the fact that safety violation rates have not declined significantly have created an urgency to increase the efficiency of heavy-truck inspections. At the same time, the growing number of on-board electronic systems are delivering more information than ever before about key components of vehicle operation. The objective of this study is to determine whether it would be feasible to standardize electronic diagnostic interface systems and use them to help make roadside inspection faster, more accurate, and less constrained by shortages of qualified inspection personnel. The study found that electronics has made significant inroads into components of heavy-duty commercial vehicles. In addition to widely adopted systems, such as electronically controlled engines, transmissions, and antilock brakes, the technology exists for a number of new applications. The heavy-duty Class 8 truck of the year 2000 and beyond could be equipped with as many as 50 electronic systems but more likely with three to seven intelligent control devices for the engine, transmission, brakes, retarder, instrument cluster, trip recorder, and off-board communications. There is potential for using these electronics in roadside inspections as standardization efforts by the Society of Automotive Engineers and The Maintenance Council successfully continue if the proper on-board parameters are made available to inspectors.

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SHITAL GUNJATE and PROF.DR.SANJAY A KHOT. "A Systematic Review of Emergency Braking Assistant System to Avoid Accidents Using Pulse Width Modulation and Fuzzy Logic Control Integrated with Antilock Braking." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 2 (July 28, 2023): 10457–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.20.2.2023.10.0808.

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The increasing number of fatalities in nations across the world because of a deficiency of protective technology in automobiles has created a chaotic scene in recent years. However, the car driver’s Perception-Reaction Time (PRT) plays an important variable during such accidents and emergencies. The Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) seems a viable technology, which today is used to prevent tires from sliding during quick brakes, whereas EBS is designed for braking assistance during tuning or emergency braking. Physical weight, rotational rigidity, diameter, and tire material strength of the vehicle are all used to simulate them. Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Anti-lock brakes (ABS) and Emergency Braking Systems (EBS), are the foremost viable technique for minimizing the environmental impact and uncertainties of driving road transportation. The presented systematic review aims to deliver a ground-level analysis that can be used to enhance the safety of motor vehicle driving, reduce wheel slip to achieve the best possible stopping distance in commercial and specialized vehicles, and influence future transportation. In this study, the most widely utilized technologies for ADAS have been reviewed and discussed. Various sensors used to improve braking and vehicle performance have been systematically studied in the context of low power-consuming techniques like pulse width modulation. An analysis of emergency braking procedures performed by riders with varying degrees of braking expertise was conducted using previously collected experimental data, and the results were used to conclude potential loss of control situations.

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Seyyed Esmaeili, Jaffar, Abdullah Başçi, and Arash Farnam. "Design and Verification of Offline Robust Model Predictive Controller for Wheel Slip Control in ABS Brakes." Machines 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11080803.

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Wheel slip control is a critical aspect of vehicle safety systems, notably the antilock braking system (ABS). Designing a robust controller for the ABS faces the challenge of accommodating its strong nonlinear behavior across varying road conditions and parameters. To ensure optimal performance during braking and prevent skidding or lock-up, the ideal wheel slip value can be determined from the peak of the tire–road friction curve and maintained throughout the braking process. Among various control approaches, model predictive control (MPC) demonstrates superior performance and robustness. However, online MPC implementation encounters significant computational burdens and real-time limitations, particularly when dealing with larger problem sizes. To address these issues, this study introduces an offline robust model predictive control (RMPC) methodology. The proposed approach is based on the robust asymptotically stable invariant ellipsoid methodology, which employs linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to calculate a collection of invariant state feedback laws associated with a sequence of nested invariant stable ellipsoids. Simulation results indicate a significant reduction in computational burden with the offline RMPC approach compared to online implementation, while effectively tracking the desired wheel slip reference values and system constraints. Moreover, the offline RMPC design aligns well with the online MPC design and verifies its effectiveness in practice.

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Fambro, Daniel B., Rodger J. Koppa, Dale L. Picha, and Kay Fitzpatrick. "Driver Braking Performance in Stopping Sight Distance Situations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1701, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1701-02.

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Assumed driver braking performance in emergency situations is not consistent in the published literature. A 1955 study stated that in an emergency situation “it is suspected that drivers apply their brakes as hard as possible.” This idea differs from a 1984 report that states drivers will “modulate”their braking to maintain directional control. Thus, additional information is needed about driver braking performance when an unexpected object is in the roadway. In this research driver braking distances and decelerations to both unexpected and anticipated stops were measured. The study design allowed for differences in vehicle handling and driver capabilities associated with antilock braking systems (ABS), wet and dry pavement conditions, and the effects of roadway geometry. Vehicle speeds, braking distances, and deceleration profiles were determined for each braking maneuver. The research results show that ABS result in shorter braking distances by as much as 30 m at 90 km/h. These differences were most noticeable on wet pavements where ABS resulted in better control and shorter braking distances. Braking distances on horizontal curves were slightly longer than on tangent sections; however, they were not large enough to be of practical significance. Maximum deceleration during braking is independent of initial velocity, at least in the range of speeds tested. Differences were noted in individual driver performance in terms of maximum deceleration. Although maximum deceleration was equal to the pavement’s coefficient of friction for some drivers, the average maximum deceleration was about 75 percent of that level. Overall, drivers generated maximum decelerations from 6.9 to 9.1 m/s2. The equivalent constant deceleration also varied among drivers. Based on the 90-km/h data, 90 percent of all drivers without ABS chose equivalent constant decelerations of at least 3.4 m/s2 under wet conditions, and 90 percent of all drivers with ABS chose equivalent constant deceleration of at least 4.7 m/s2 on dry pavements.

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Fowler, Graeme F., Rose M. Ray, Su-Wei Huang, Ke Zhao, and Todd A. Frank. "An Examination of Motorcycle Antilock Brake Systems in Reducing Crash Risk." ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 2, no. 2 (January 4, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4031522.

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To prevent wheel lockup (and possible loss-of-control and capsize) during hard braking, motorcycle manufacturers have equipped motorcycles with antilock brake systems (ABS) either as an option or as standard equipment. Several studies utilizing real-world crash data have been published, which estimate the effectiveness of motorcycle ABS in reducing the risk of a crash based on varying assumptions. These investigations have reported mixed results. The present investigation relies upon the fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) and the Florida police-reported crash databases to further investigate the effectiveness of motorcycle ABS by expanding upon and refining previous approaches. Notably, a case-control approach is used, whereby crashes involving ABS- and non-ABS-equipped motorcycles are divided into five groups with a varying likelihood that ABS will affect the risk of crashes in that group. The group of crashes with the least likelihood of being influenced by ABS is considered the control group and used as a measure of exposure to crashes. This methodology attempts to reduce any selection biases that might exist in the two motorcycle classes. The results support the hypothesis that ABS is effective in reducing the crash risk in some crash types. However, it was found that the case-control approach does not incorporate all factors that might influence the overall effectiveness of ABS, e.g., motorcycle class and operator age. Accounting for these additional factors would likely require the use of regression analyses and would benefit significantly from additional data.

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Tang, Yinggan, Ying Wang, Mingyu Han, and Qiusheng Lian. "Adaptive Fuzzy Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Controller Design for Antilock Braking Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 138, no. 4 (February 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4032555.

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Antilock braking system (ABS) has been designed to attain maximum negative acceleration and prevent the wheels from locking. Many efforts had been paid to design controller for ABS to improve the brake performance, especially when road condition changes. In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy fractional-order sliding mode controller (AFFOSMC) design method is proposed for ABS. The proposed AFFOSMC combines the fractional-order sliding mode controller (FOSMC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In FOSMC, the sliding surface is PDα, which is based on fractional calculus (FC) and is more robust than conventional sliding mode controllers. The FLC is designed to compensate the effects of parameters varying of ABS. The tuning law of the controller is derived based on Lyapunov theory, and the stability of the system can be guaranteed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of AFFOSMC for ABS under different road conditions.

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Singh, Kanwar B., Mustafa Ali Arat, and Saied Taheri. "An Intelligent Tire Based Tire-Road Friction Estimation Technique and Adaptive Wheel Slip Controller for Antilock Brake System." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 135, no. 3 (February 21, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007704.

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The contact between the tire and the road is the key enabler of vehicle acceleration, deceleration and steering. However, due to changes to the road conditions, the driver's ability to maintain a stable vehicle may be at risk. In many cases, this requires intervention from the chassis control systems onboard the vehicle. Although these systems perform well in a variety of situations, their performance can be improved if a real-time estimate of the tire-road friction coefficient is available. Existing tire-road friction estimation approaches often require certain levels of vehicle longitudinal and/or lateral motion to satisfy the persistence of excitation condition for reliable estimations. Such excitations may undesirably interfere with vehicle motion controls. This paper presents a novel development and implementation of a real-time tire-road contact parameter estimation methodology using acceleration signals from an intelligent tire. The proposed method characterizes the terrain using the measured frequency response of the tire vibrations and provides the capability to estimate the tire road friction coefficient under extremely lower levels of force utilization. Under higher levels of force excitation (high slip conditions), the increased vibration levels due to the stick/slip phenomenon linked to the tread block vibration modes make the proposed tire vibrations based method unsuitable. Therefore for high slip conditions, a brush model-based nonlinear least squares (NLLS) parameter estimation approach is proposed. Hence an integrated approach using the intelligent tire based friction estimator and the model based estimator gives us the capability to reliably estimate friction for a wider range of excitations. Considering the strong interdependence between the operating road surface condition and the instantaneous forces and moments generated; this real time estimate of the tire-road friction coefficient is expected to play a pivotal role in improving the performance of a number of vehicle control systems. In particular, this paper focuses on the possibility of enhancing the performance of the ABS control systems. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, the design and implementation of a fuzzy/sliding mode/proportional integral (fuzzy-SMC-PI (FSP)) control methodology is proposed. The results show significant improvements in the stopping distance of a vehicle equipped with an intelligent tire based FSP controller as compared to a vehicle equipped with a standard ABS.

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Lian, Chenglong, Kwang-Hee Lee, Chul-Hee Lee, Yongfeng Li, and Peng Zhang. "Experimental Study on Rolling Friction Coefficient Controllability of Magnetorheological Elastomer." Journal of Tribology 143, no. 12 (February 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4050086.

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Abstract Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are smart materials whose stiffness and shear modulus can be changed by applying an external magnetic field. They can be used in various ways. This experimental study looks at the rolling friction coefficient controllability of MREs. MRE samples were manufactured, and their rolling friction properties were measured by a rolling friction test, in which the input magnetic field strengths and rolling speed can be adjusted. Various speed conditions were applied to find the rolling friction properties under different applied magnetic field strengths. The rolling friction coefficient and slip rate control under a magnetic control were then analyzed. The results show that the rolling friction coefficient can be adjusted at different rolling slip rates by the application of a magnetic field, which can increase the rolling friction coefficient range in the control system of the rolling friction coefficient and slip rate. Based on the results of this research, MREs could someday be used in antilock brake systems as a stiffness-control material when a controlled magnetic field is applied, and the rolling friction efficiency could be increased.

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Ahangarnejad, Arash Hosseinian, Ahmad Radmehr, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "A review of vehicle active safety control methods: From antilock brakes to semiautonomy." Journal of Vibration and Control, August 29, 2020, 107754632094865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320948656.

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A comprehensive review of technologies and approaches for active safety systems designed to reduce ground vehicle crashes, as well as the associated severity of injuries and fatalities, is provided. Active safety systems are commonly referred to as systems that can forewarn a driver of a potential safety hazard, or automatically intervene to reduce the likelihood of an accident without requiring driver intervention. The data from naturalistic drivers has shown that such systems are instrumental in improving vehicle safety in various conditions, particularly at higher speeds and under adverse road conditions. The increased integration of sensors, electronics, and real-time processing capabilities has served as one of the critical enabling elements in the widespread integration of active safety systems in modern vehicles. The emphasis is placed on control approaches for active safety systems and their progression over the years from antilock brakes to more advanced technologies that have nearly enabled semiautonomous driving. A review of key active safety control approaches for antilock braking, yaw stability, traction control, roll stability, and various collision avoidance systems is provided.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antilock brake systems'

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