Academic literature on the topic 'Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs"
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Serov, Dmitriy A., Ann V. Gritsaeva, Fatikh M. Yanbaev, Alexander V. Simakin, and Sergey V. Gudkov. "Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19 (2024): 10519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910519.
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There is a growing interest in the utilization of metal oxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents. This review will focus on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), which have been demonstrated to exhibit high antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, chemical stability, low toxicity to eukaryotic cells, and therefore high biocompatibility. Despite the extensive research conducted in this field, there is currently no consensus on how to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of TiO2 NPs. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of various factors, including particle size, shape, composition, and synthesis parameters, as well as microbial type, on the antibacterial activity of TiO2 NPs against bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, the review offers a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in the synthesis and characterization of TiO2 NPs. The antimicrobial activity of TiO2 exhibits a weak dependence on the microorganism species. A tendency towards increased antibacterial activity is observed with decreasing TiO2 NP size. The dependence on the shape and composition is more pronounced. The most pronounced antimicrobial potential is exhibited by amorphous NPs and NPs doped with inorganic compounds. This review may be of interest to specialists in biology, medicine, chemistry, and other related fields.
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Saputra, Kormil, Masruroh Masruroh, Hendra Santoso, and Retna Apsari. "Tapping into the Power of Sol-Gel Method for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Titania Nanoparticles." Science and Technology Indonesia 9, no. 3 (2024): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.546-555.
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Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious threat to global public health. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPS) synthesized using the sol-gel method. TiO2 NPS samples were prepared and characterized for morphology via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPS against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and pathogenic fungus Aspergillus penicillioides. The results showed that TiO2 NPS effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms, with significant inhibition zones especially against fungi. The antimicrobial mechanism of TiO2 NPS involves the formation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions that damage the cell membrane of microorganisms. The implications of this study are the development of potential antimicrobial nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications, as well as the importance of considering the physical and chemical properties of TiO2 NPS in designing effective infection treatment strategies.
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Missier, Mary Sheloni, Mahesh Ramakrishnan, S. Veerasankar, C. Dhanalakshmi, Harish Ponniah, and Shanmugam Rajeshkumar. "Antibacterial Properties of Lemon Juice–Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 5 (2024): S4421—S4425. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_854_24.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a major global health concern, with the increasing prevalence of infections that are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. As a result, there is a critical need for alternative antimicrobial agents that can effectively control bacterial infections and combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antibacterial properties of lemon juice mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was evaluated against oral pathogens. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by the agar well diffusion assay. Results: Our results showed that both ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis. Our findings suggest that the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibition of bacterial growth. Conclusion: Therefore, lemon juice mediated ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs can be considered as promising antimicrobial agents for controlling bacterial infections.
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Fletes-Vargas, Gabriela, Rogelio Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Natalha Vicentina Pinto, et al. "TiO2 Nanoparticles Loaded with Polygonum cuspidatum Extract for Wound Healing Applications: Exploring Their Hemolytic, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Properties." Nanomaterials 15, no. 12 (2025): 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15120926.
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The dry roots of Polygonum cuspidatum contain resveratrol, a compound known for its antimicrobial and protective effects against oxidative stress, which is associated with impaired wound healing. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were loaded with a P. cuspidatum extract (TiO2-loaded extract NPs), and the resveratrol release profile, hemocompatibility, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The results demonstrated that TiO2-loaded extract NPs exhibited antioxidant activity for DPPH (Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) = 62.31 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)/mL) and ABTS+ (IC50 = 4.8 mg TE/mL) assays, along with suitable hemocompatibility (3.02% at 10 mg/mL), in comparison with bulk TiO2 NPs. Additionally, temperature influenced the resveratrol release over time. The P. cuspidatum extract alone showed strong antibacterial activity, with a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 µg/mL, TiO2-loaded extract NPs showed MIC values about 50 mg/mL, while bulk TiO2 NPs exhibited no antibacterial effect against the tested strains. In contrast, the P. cuspidatum extract, the TiO2-loaded extract NPs, and the bulk TiO2 NPs did not demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and C. glabrata. Moreover, TiO2-loaded extract NPs showed no cytotoxicity against the L-929 cell line at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 150 µg/mL, unlike TiO2 NPs, which exhibited high cytotoxic concentrations between 9.4 and 300 µg/mL. These findings suggest that TiO2-loaded extract NPs effectively control the release of resveratrol and hold promises for applications in skin management and wound healing.
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Xing, Yage, Xuanlin Li, Xunlian Guo, et al. "Effects of Different TiO2 Nanoparticles Concentrations on the Physical and Antibacterial Activities of Chitosan-Based Coating Film." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071365.
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In this investigation, the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on the structure and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-based coating films was examined. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the modified TiO2 NPs were successfully dispersed into the chitosan matrix, and that the roughness of the chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposites were significantly reduced. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that the chitosan interacted with TiO2 NPs and possessed good compatibility, while a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the thermal properties showed that the chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposites with 0.05% TiO2 NPs concentration had the best thermal stability. The chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This antimicrobial activity of the chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposites had an inhibition zone ranging from 9.86 ± 0.90 to 13.55 ± 0.35 (mm). These results, therefore, indicate that chitosan-based coating films incorporated with TiO2 NPs might become a potential packaging system for prolonging the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
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Hamed, Moaaz T., Basant A. Bakr, Yahya H. Shahin, et al. "Novel Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Biological Activity and Acute Toxicity Study." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8171786.
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Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been attracting numerous research studies due to their activity; however, there is a growing concern about the corresponding toxicity. Here in the present study, titanium oxide nanoparticles were newly synthesized using propolis extract followed by antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity assay using human cancer cell lines, and acute toxicity study. The physicochemical characterization of the newly synthesized TiO2 NPs had average size = 57.5 nm, PdI = 0.308, and zeta potential = −32.4 mV. Antimicrobial activity assessment proved the superior activity against Gram-positive compared to Gram-negative bacteria and yeast (lowest MIC values 8, 32, and 32, respectively). The newly synthesized TiO2 NPs showed a potent activity against the following human cancer cell lines: liver (HepG-2) (IC50 8.5 µg/mL), colon (Caco-2), and breast (MDA-MB 231) (IC50 11.0 and 18.7 µg/mL). In vivo acute toxicity study was conducted using low (10 mg/kg) and high (1000 mg/kg) doses of the synthesized TiO2 NPs in albino male rats. Biochemistry and histopathology of the liver, kidney, and brain proved the safety of the synthesized TiO2 NPs at low dose while at high dose, there was TiO2 NPs deposit in different vital organs except the cerebral tissue.
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Hassan, H., K. I. Omoniyi, F. G. Okibe, A. A. Nuhu, and E. G. Echioba. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Biosynthesized Plant Leave Extract Mediated Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles using Hypheae Thiebeace and Anannos Seneglensis." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 10 (2019): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i10.5.
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The need for new antimicrobial agent has drawn attention on developing new and emerging materials based on nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. A green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles was done using a plant extract of H. thelbiecea and Ananos seneglensisa The presence of various photochemical like flavonoids, steroids, polyphenols, and terpenoids was investigated by following standard biochemical methods. The titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) synthesized was confirmed by their change of colour to brown and reddish brown due to the phenomenon of surface Plasmon resonance. The characterization studied was done by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The green synthesized TiO2 NPs excitation was confirmed using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 270 and 290 nm. SEM revealed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs are spherical and crystalline in nature. The overall sizes are 40 and 50 nm for H. thelbiecea and Ananos respectively. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of flavonoid, polyphenols and amide groups likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles using H. thelbiecea and Ananos seneglensis aqueous leaf extracts .The XRD pattern showed the characteristic Bragg peaks of (111), (200), (220) and (311) facets of the anatase titanium oxide nanoparticles and confirmed that these nanoparticles are crystalline and spherical in nature. The two plants used to synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticle (H. thelbiecea and ananos seneglensisa) showed good antimicrobial activity against clinically important pathogens.. The antimicrobial study of TiO2 NPs shows that 20 μg/ml TiO2 NPs is effective for complete inactivation of Gram positive, Gram negative as well as fungal cultures. This effective microbial inactivation is mainly attributed to its ability to cause damage to the cell membrane.Keywords: Titanium oxide, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity, H. thelbiecea, Ananos seneglensisa
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Ahmed, Dalia, Laith Yaaqoob, and Sehand Arif. "Biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using prodigiosin and evaluating its antibacterial activity against biofilm producing MDR- Acinetobacter baumannii." Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 2 (2020): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2020.13.2.13.
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A rising number of hospital infections were caused by multi drug resistant A.baumannii. This microorganism has become a big global concern for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against biofilm producing multi drug resistant A. baumannii. Bacteria were isolated from burn wounds. The selected isolate was identified using the routine biochemical assays, viteck 2, and confirmed by PCR technique, targeting the 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51 genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Viteck 2 system and the biofilm production was tested by using microtiter plate method. S marcescens was used for production of the prodigiosin which characterized later by UV-visible spectroscopy and then was used for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) NPs. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of TiO2 NPs. Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs was examined by well diffusion assay using concentration of 0.4- 0.006 mg/ml. The studied isolate was beta-lactamase producer and showed resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, furanes and trimethoprim/ sulphonamide, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51 genes was used for detection of A baumannii. The selected isolate was a strong biofilm producer with 5.9 times more than the OD values of the control. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs were in spherical shape with an average diameter of 67.49 nm. The TiO2 NPs inhibited the bacterial growth at concentrations of ≥ 0.1mg/ ml and a maximum zone of inhibition recorded was 22 mm at concentration of 0.4 mg/ ml. Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs using prodigiosin was showed a promising antibacterial activity against strong biofilm producing MDR- A. baumannii.
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Metryka, Oliwia, Daniel Wasilkowski, Anna Nowak, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, and Agnieszka Mrozik. "Impact of an Engineered Copper-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite and Parent Substrates on the Bacteria Viability, Antioxidant Enzymes and Fatty Acid Profiling." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239089.
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Due to the systematic increase in the production of nanomaterials (NMs) and their applications in many areas of life, issues associated with their toxicity are inevitable. In particular, the performance of heterogeneous NMs, such as nanocomposites (NCs), is unpredictable as they may inherit the properties of their individual components. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to assess the biological activity of newly synthesized Cu/TiO2-NC and the parent nanoparticle substrates Cu-NPs and TiO2-NPs on the bacterial viability, antioxidant potential and fatty acid composition of the reference Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains. Based on the toxicological parameters, it was found that B. subtilis was more sensitive to NMs than E. coli. Furthermore, Cu/TiO2-NC and Cu-NPs had an opposite effect on both strains, while TiO2-NPs had a comparable mode of action. Simultaneously, the tested strains exhibited varied responses of the antioxidant enzymes after exposure to the NMs, with Cu-NPs having the strongest impact on their activity. The most considerable alternations in the fatty acid profiles were found after the bacteria were exposed to Cu/TiO2-NC and Cu-NPs. Microscopic images indicated distinct interactions of the NMs with the bacterial outer layers, especially in regard to B. subtilis. Cu/TiO2-NC generally proved to have less distinctive antimicrobial properties on B. subtilis than E. coli compared to its parent components. Presumably, the biocidal effects of the tested NMs can be attributed to the induction of oxidative stress, the release of metal ions and specific electrochemical interactions with the bacterial cells.
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Matei, Ecaterina, Carmen Gaidau, Maria Râpă, et al. "Sustainable Rabbit Skin Glue to Produce Bioactive Nanofibers for Nonactive Wound Dressings." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235388.
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This paper assessed the collagen glue (Col) from rabbit skin for use as a raw material in combination with different water-based dispersants of antimicrobial agents such as ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs doped with nitrogen and Ag NPs (TiO2-N-Ag NPs), and chitosan (CS) for the production of biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofibers. The electrospun nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance in conjunction with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) analyses and antioxidant activity. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibers was investigated on cell lines of mouse fibroblast NCTC (clone L929) using MTT test assays. Antimicrobial activity was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans pathogenic fungus. Electrospun antimicrobial nanofibers based on collagen glue achieved reduction in the number of viable microorganisms against both fungi and bacteria and exhibited multiple inhibitory actions of fungal and bacterial strains. The electrospun nanofibers showed average dimension sizes in the range of 30–160 nm. The results indicated that both Col/TiO2-N-Ag NPs and Col/CS formulations are suitable for cell proliferation and may be useful for producing of nonactive wound dressings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs"
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He, Lijie. "Elaboration et évaluation d'une nouvelle hétérostructure Ag°/TIO2 destinée à la détection par effet SERS sans marquage d'ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI004/document.
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Des substrats SERS, élaborés selon une approche simple et à moindre coût, ont été étudiéspour la détection sans marqueurs d’ADN en vue d’applications dans le domaine du diagnostic médical.Un protocole de réduction photocatalytique assistée chimiquement conduisant à des hétérostructuresAg°/TiO2 a été optimisé. Nohttp://star.theses.fr/editeur.jsp?tefId=58411&action=save#droitsus avons montré en quoi l’utilisation d’un agent encapsulant et d’uneprocédure de nucléation-croissance permettent de contrôler la formation et l’agrégation de NPs Ag° à lasurface de couches minces TiO2. L’agrégation contrôlée des NPs conduit à des points chauds induisantune très forte amplification de l’effet SERS. Les performances des substrats SERS ont tout d’abord étévalidées par détection Raman de la molécule modèle R6G. Des études de fond, portant sur la détectionde polybases dérivées des quatre nucléobases constituant la structure de l’ADN, adénine, cytosine,guanine et thymine, ont ensuite été réalisées. Le potentiel de détection des hétérostructures Ag°/TiO2 apermis l’indexation quasi-intégrale des bandes Raman des quatre polybases étudiées, modifiées ou nonavec des groupements NH2, et nous a permis de discuter des effets d’accrochage, d’orientation etd’agencement des molécules d’ADN sur les substrats SERS. Des études complémentaires ont finalementconfirmé le potentiel de nos hétérostructures en fournissant différents aperçus sur l’hybridation despolybases et l’association de différentes polybases sur un même substrat SERS<br>SERS substrates, elaborated through a simple and low-cost procedure, have been studied forthe label-free detection of DNA in the view of applications in the medical diagnostic field. A chemicallyassisted photocatalytic reduction protocol leading to an Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure has been optimized.We have shown how the use of an encapsulating agent and a nucleation-growth procedure enable tocontrol the formation and aggregation of Ag° NPs at the surface of TiO2 thin films. The controlledaggregation of NPs leads to hot points inducing a very strong amplification of the SERS effect.Performances of the SERS substrate have first been evaluated through the Raman detection of the R6Gmodel molecule. Thorough studies dealing with the detection of polybases derived from the fournucleobases constituting the DNA structure, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, have then beenconducted. The detection potential of the Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure enabled a nearly exhaustiveindexation of the Raman bands for the four studied polybases, modified or not with NH2 groups, and todiscuss on binding, orientation, and ordering effects of the DNA molecules on the SERS substrate.Complementary studies finally enabled us to confirm the potential of our heterostructure by providingdifferent insights on the polybase hybridization and the association of different polybases on a sameSERS substrate
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Ersoz, Tugce Irfan. "Application Of Semi Conductor Films Over Glass/ceramic Surfaces And Their Low Temperature Photocatalytic Activity." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610377/index.pdf.
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Semiconductor metal oxides can be induced by light with proper wavelength resulting in oxidation and reduction reactions for the transformation of water and oxygen molecules into active radicals. With this method, it is possible to obtain self-cleaning surfaces and products having antimicrobial properties.
The aim of this study is to develop semiconductor metal oxide thin films for multifunctional glass products and the characterization of photocatalytic self cleaning and antimicrobial properties. As semiconductor metal oxides<br>titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2) and their binary mixtures (TiO2-SnO2) are selected because of their abundancy, non toxic properties, stability and the ability of absorbing light close to visible range. Also the effect of metal dopants such as praseodymium (Pr), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag) and iron (Fe) was examined with these metal oxides.
The colloidal solutions were synthesized by using sol-gel method in order to apply the developed method to industrial usage as applying on large surfaces.
The glass substrates were coated with the colloidal solutions by dip coating and the dried samples were calcined under air flow. The best calcination condition for pure TiO2 coated thin film was determined as 400oC for 45 minutes. Surface characterization studies were performed by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer for band gap measurement, CAM for contact angle measurement, SEM for surface morphology and tophology. The methylene blue adsorption tests were carried out and the effective surface area of the samples were predicted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm of samples. The photocatalytic activities of the coated thin films were measured with the degradation of organic materials as red wine and methylene blue, and with the antimicrobial activity tests as counting the number of viable E.coli cells. 61.2% deactivation of methylene blue stain was achieved over SnO2 coated thin films while this was 22.1% over TiO2 coated thin films after irradiation for 180 minutes. The superior photocatalytic activity was observed with TiO2 samples doped with Pd and Ag ions. The TiO2-SnO2 coated samples performed limited photocatalytic activity which is less than the activity of SnO2 coated samples which was confirmed with surface area measurements as SnO2 coated samples had higher surface area (9.81 cm2/cm2) than TiO2-SnO2 coated samples. Surface area increased with increasing the amount of SnO2 and it was in the following order: SnO2 ><br>80% SnO2 + 20% TiO2 ><br>50% SnO2 + 50%TiO2 ><br>35% SnO2 + 65%TiO2 ><br>20% SnO2 + 80% TiO2 ><br>TiO2.
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Wang, Hui-Tsung, and 王惠宗. "The antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nano-photocatalyst." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19202991189337013306.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>94<br>The types of nano-photocatalyst, TiO2 (OPT, 30 nm) and Platinum modified TiO2 (SONANO, 35 nm) were used. Thirteen commonly found pathogen including 6 G(+) bacteria and 7 G(-) bacteria, and 3 fungal species were used to the tested microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of OPT and SONANO with UV and fluorescent lamp illumination. The production of reactive oxygen species from OPT and SONANO, and the effects of some factors including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, NaCl and bacterial ages on the antimicrobial activity of these two photocatalysts were also studied.
The degradation rates of methylene blue for SONANO by UV (366 nm) and fluorescent lamp (13 W) for 10 hours were 57.73% and 36.41%. Respectively, the degradation rates for OPT were 37.36% and 9.00%. The following conductions were set out to obtain higher antimicrobial activity: cell suspension with a density of 103 cfu / mL, and 0.2 cm in depth were added with 0.01% OPT or SONANO, and illuminated by UV or fluorescent lamp for 2 hours, which was 10 cm above the surface of cell suspension. Except Lactobacillus acidophilus and Listeria monocytogenes, both of which were more resistant to OPT and SONANO, the survival ratio of 11 stains of the tested bacteria in OPT and SONANO by UV illumination were 12.31% ~ 33.86% and 16.82% ~ 59.71%, respectively. The survival ratio of 3 fungal species for OPT and SONANO by UV illumination were 16.22% ~ 29.39% and 19.03% ~ 66.96%, respectively. The survival ratio of 11 bacteria and 3 fungal species in SONANO by fluorescent lamp illumination were 4.57% ~ 46.67%, and 40.85% ~ 66.99%, respectively. The OPT had little antimicrobial activity by fluorescent lamp illumination. OPT and SONANO could produce superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and H2O2 during irradiation with UV. SONANO produced about 0.4 mg/L H2O2 illuminated by UV or fluorescent lamp for 2 hours, and OPT produced about 0.33 mg/L H2O2 illuminated by UV for 2 hours. The survival ratio for E. coli and S. aureus obtained from 0.3 mg/L pure H2O2 and from OPT/SONANO were similar. Temperature in the range of 5℃ to 45℃ does not affect the antimicrobial activity of OPT. However, the survival ratio of E. coli in SONANO by UV or fluorescent lamp decreases with the increasing temperature from 5℃ to 45℃. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the range of 4.20 to 29.57 ppm has little effect on the antimicrobial activity of SONANO. SONANO has the highest antimicrobial activity at pH 6.5 ~ pH 7.0; while the pH does not affect OPT. The cell age of E. coli affects to susceptibility to OPT/SONANO, with the cell in late-log phase being most sensitive. The presence of NaCl, bovine serum albumin and glucose decrease the antimicrobial activity of SONANO. However, 500 ppm soybean oil can increase the antimicrobial activity of SONANO. This may be due to the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) from oil oxidation that was promoted by SONANO. The amounts of MDA produced from SONANO with oxygenized soybean oil by UV and fluorescent lamp illumination for 20 min were 3.29 ppm and 2.65 ppm, respectively.
Book chapters on the topic "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs"
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Xing, Yage, Xuanlin Li, Qinglian Xu, Xiufang Bi, and Xiaocui Liu. "TiO2 Nanoparticles and Composite Materials: Antimicrobial Activity, Antimicrobial Mechanism and Applications." In Interfaces Between Nanomaterials and Microbes. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429321269-6.
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Purty, Ram Singh, Ishant Shakya, and Sayan Chatterjee. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticle and Checking Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus." In Lecture Notes in Bioengineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_32.
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"Bioinspired Metal Nanoparticles for Microbicidal Activity." In Materials Research Foundations. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901571-2.
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The broad reception for nanotechnology is due to their appreciable size and versatile applications in the interdisciplinary areas. In this modern era one of the major problems is microorganisms possessing antibiotic resistance, nanoparticles (NPs) are a lucrative option to solve this. In materials science, “green synthesis” has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of materials, especially metals, and metal oxides nanomaterials, hybrid materials and bioinspired materials. As such, green synthesis is regarded as an important tool to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional methods for synthesis of nanoparticles commonly utilized in laboratory and industry. Bio-inspired NPs held edges over conventionally synthesized nanoparticles due to their low cost, easy synthesis and low toxicity. This chapter elaborates the developments on the biosynthesis of NPs using natural extracts with particular emphasis on their application as microbiocidal agents. This chapter has very specifically dealt with coinage metals such as Cu, Ag, Au due to their significance of antimicrobial activities. Succeeding, reported the developments in the synthetic methodologies of metal-oxide (Titanium dioxide, TiO2) nanoparticles using novel plant extracts with high medicinal value and their corresponding ability to degrade bacterial pathogens through advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on heterogeneous photocatalysis.
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Munagala, Shivani, Manikantha Dunna, C. D. S. L. N. Tulasi, et al. "Integrating QQ with Nano-techniques – A Potent Antibacterial Therapy." In Quorum Quenching. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837671380-00368.
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Biofilms are highly organized 3D structures where bacteria are embedded in a self-produced complex matrix, made of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are produced via the quorum sensing (QS) pathway. QS is mediated by bacteria producing, releasing and detecting extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). If AIs are produced more, then the biofilm’s cell density will be greater, these biofilms are responsible for microbial activity. As of now there are at least three known mechanisms for QS pathways. Those include (1) luminescence inducer/regulator (LuxI/LuxR)-type quorum sensing with acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) as signal molecules (in Gram-negative bacteria); (2) oligopeptide two-component-type quorum sensing with short peptides as signal molecules (in Gram-positive bacteria); and (3) AI-2 quorum sensing: expressed via the luxS gene (in both types of bacteria). To produce antimicrobial activity, the QS mechanism needs to be suppressed. Quorum quenching (QQ), works against QS, which, in turn, helps in antimicrobial activity. In some cases, AHL is modified to disrupt QS mechanisms. For example, Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas, can cleave their own AHL signals. Recent research in nanotechnology has resulted in the development of nanoparticle drugs, which showed the anti-QS mechanisms. On the basis of their unique properties, nanoparticles act as anti-infective agents, so they are used in drug development. Nanoparticles (NPs) do not destroy cell wall to kill the microbes but they act at cellular level, that is the biochemical and molecular level, and destroy the membranes. Some of the nanoparticles used in drug development are silver NPs, gold NPs, ZnO NPs, SiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs. Nanoparticles help in eliminating the QS, which leads to a low density biofilm (through a decrease in bacterial growth) which helps to treat and prevent bacterial infection.
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Leonard, Estelle. "Photoresponsive Nanoparticles for One Health." In Materials Research Foundations. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903339-1.
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Photoresponsive nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as innovative tools within the "One Health" framework, addressing interconnected health issues spanning humans, animals, and the environment. "One Health" represents an integrative approach that underscores the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health, tackling challenges such as zoonoses, food safety, and antimicrobial resistance. This study explores the role of photoresponsive NPs, focusing on photochromic and photothermal NPs, in advancing applications relevant to One Health. We describe the synthesis and functional characteristics of photochromic and photothermal NPs, emphasizing their responsiveness to light as a means of controlled action. Photoresponsive NPs such as zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and titanium dioxide exhibit significant activity against phytopathogens, providing sustainable solutions to agricultural health threats and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the study details advancements in photoresponsive NPs for human health applications, including their utility in targeted drug delivery and release, cancer phototherapy, diagnostic imaging, biosensing, and wound healing. These applications showcase the potential of photoresponsive NPs to enhance treatment precision and efficacy while minimizing side effects.
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Nawaz, Saba, Iqra Maqsood, Fatima Batool, et al. "Improvement of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants with the Application of Nanoparticles." In Abiotic Stress in Plants - Adaptations to Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110201.
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Plants are under the threat of climatic changes and there is a reduction in productivity and deterioration in quality. The application of nanoparticles is one of the recent approaches to improve plant yield and quality traits. A number of nanoparticles, such as zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), iron nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs), silicon nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), cerium nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and carbon nanoparticles (C NPs), have been reported in different plant species to play a role to improve the plant physiology and metabolic pathways under environmental stresses. Crop plants readily absorb the nanoparticles through the cellular machinery of different tissues and organs to take part in metabolic and growth processes. Nanoparticles promote the activity of a range of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in plant species, which in turn improve the growth and development under stressful conditions. The present review focuses on the mode of action and signaling of nanoparticles to the plant systems and their positive impact on growth, development, and ROS scavenging potential. The appropriate elucidation on mechanisms of nanoparticles in plants leads to better growth and yields under stress conditions, which will ultimately lead to increased agricultural production.
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Akarsu, Serkan Ali, and Ali Doğan Ömür. "Nanoparticles as Food Additives and their Possible Effects on Male Reproductive Systems." In Nanotechnology in Reproduction. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub203.c935.
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Nanoparticles (NPs) are substances that are used in many fields, especially in antimicrobial and food additives. Consumable nanoparticles, also known as food nanoparticles, are separated into organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Organic NPs can be classified as proteins, carbonates, phospholipids, and lipids, while inorganic NPs can be classified as silica (SiO2, E571), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2, E171), iron oxide (Fe2O3, E172), copper (Cu), gold (Au, E175) and silver (Ag, E174). Organic nanoparticles are not long lasting in the body. However, is it possible to make the same claim about inorganic nanoparticles? Inorganic nanoparticles are employed as food additives, vitamin supplements, and food packaging in the nutrition of both humans and animals. Food nanoparticles that make products brighter, tastier, more shelf-stable, and more antimicrobially resistant influence the liver, renal, digestive, respiratory, and genital systems once they enter the body. NPs can enter the male genital tract, adversely affect the testicles and sperm, and even affect the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, causing hormonal disorders. The effects of inorganic NPs on testes and spermatozoa vary depending on the diameter and composition of this NPS. Studies with some inorganic NPs show that low doses have positive effects on the antioxidant system and harmful effects occur when their concentrations are increased, while some have toxic effects even at very low concentrations. Given all of this information, might consumable nanoparticles be one of the causes of rising male infertility? The aim of this review is to explain how nanoparticles affect the male genital system and sperm quality and to provide insights into whether they might be one of the factors contributing to male infertility.
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Dhakal, Chiranjibi. "Synthesis and applications of nickel-based nanomaterials." In Materials Research Foundations. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903261-6.
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Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their small size, exhibit unique and enhanced properties compared to bulk materials possessing potential applications in energy conversion technology, catalysis, environmental remediation, technological advancements, medicine, etc. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis process of Nickel NPs (Ni-NPs) and nickel-based nanomaterials. The basic synthetic technique considering the bottom-up approach and top-down approach are discussed. ‘Green’ synthesis of Ni-NPs production is the central focus of the study because it promotes sustainability, enhances biocompatibility, and supports safer and more cost-effective methods. The extracts obtained from different parts of plants (such as Ocimum sanctum, Medicago sativa, Azadirachta Psidium guajava, etc.) are used for the biosynthesis of nickel-based NMs. It has been found that biosynthesized Ni-NPs constitute a broad spectrum of applications in antimicrobial, antileishmanial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic activity, drug delivery, battery electrodes, wastewater management, and biosensors. Strategies are still to be developed to overcome the issues of disparity in particle size, stability, shapes, and nanoparticle yield.
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Sampath Kumar, L., K. Madhu Kumar, and P. Hariharan. "Green Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites (NPs) Methodology, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Property Evaluation." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2798-2.ch010.
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This chapter presents an innovative approach to synthesizing calcium carbonate-zinc oxide (CaCO3-ZnO) nanocomposites using a green synthesis method. Utilizing silk fibroin wash water, this environmentally friendly technique enables the formation of stable nanocomposites without harmful chemicals. Detailed characterization confirmed the successful synthesis, composition, and structural properties of the CaCO3-ZnO nanocomposites. The antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against common pathogens. In the MTT assay, green synthesized NPs were administered at varying concentrations, showing less than 50% inhibition, indicating no significant cytotoxicity. The findings highlight the potential of CaCO3-ZnO nanocomposites for biomedical and dental applications, offering a sustainable alternative for antimicrobial agents. This chapter underscores the importance of green synthesis in advancing nanotechnology and provides insights into the future applications of nanocomposites in healthcare.
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Shaffiey, Sayed Reza, and Sayedeh Fatemeh Shaffiey. "Silver Oxide–Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity as a Source for the Treatment of Fish Diseases." In Advancing Medicine through Nanotechnology and Nanomechanics Applications. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1043-7.ch006.
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Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, gram negative bacterium which is primary or secondary cause of ulcers, fin rot, tail rot, and hemorrhagic septicaemia in fish. The treatments for this infection are only restricted to some antibiotics. So, novel materials are being searched for combating with bacterial infections and the resulting consequences. In this chapter, Ag2O/CuO nanocomposites were synthesized chemically and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antimicrobial activities of Ag2O/CuO nanoparticles (NPs), was checked by both well diffusion and turbidometric (spectrophotometric) method. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited their antimicrobial efficacy in both the standard inhibitory assays; these results thus provide a scope for further research on the application of Ag2O/CuO nanoparticles as disinfectant and/or antibiotic in the fishery industry.
Conference papers on the topic "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs"
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Surah, Shivani Singh, Siddharth Sirohi, Ratyakshi Nain, and Gulshan Kumar. "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICSAAM 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5024188.
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Kumarasinghe, N. M. A., Charitha Thambiliyagodage, Madara Jayanetti, and Heshan Liyanaarachchi. "Antibacterial Activity of Zn Decorated TiO2 Nanocomposites." In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/usor2577.
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Bacterial infections have a significant public health impact. Infections are caused by bacteria in animals, plants as well as humans. Pathogenic bacteria can produce toxins, which are chemical poisons that interfere with cell function such as digestion of normal human enzymes, evasion of infection-fighting white blood cells, and immune clearance. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent bacterial infection. Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious concerns in world health. Antibacterial nanoparticles are one possible answer to antimicrobial resistance. These nanomaterials not only kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria through various modes of action but, they can also be employed in conjunction with existing clinically relevant antibiotics to help overcome antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. In this study, anodized titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods were treated hydrothermally with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to give titanium (Ti) antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of synthesized samples was investigated by Agar Well Diffusion method at 40 mg/ml concentration, against gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. To determine the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured, and the resulting data were statistically analyzed. Zn/TiO2 nano particles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Analysis.
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Chirila, Laura, Marcela Corina Rosu, Sabina Olaru, et al. "Cotton fabrics coated with Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.6.
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Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanopowders were deposited onto 100% cotton fabrics via electrostatic spraying method. The surface of cotton fabrics was pre-treated by plasma at atmospheric pressure using argon and nitrogen mixture. The as-prepared cotton fabrics were characterized in terms of structural and optical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical reflectance measurements. The photocatalytic self-cleaning ability of Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide coated cotton fabrics was evaluated by the photo-discoloration of methylene blue and berries juice stains, under 6 h simulated visible light irradiation. The combined functionalized coating on cotton fabrics demonstrated an improved photocatalytic effect compared with untreated cotton fabrics. The antimicrobial activity of Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide coated cotton fabrics was tested against the Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans test strains as model microorganism of skin bacteria and fungi, respectively. An antimicrobial effect against the Staphylococcus aureus is observed even if the inhibition zone is not present. Untreated fabrics showed no antibacterial activity. No inhibitory effect on fungi colony growth was observed.
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Madhuwanthi, W. A. D. P., D. N. S. Dammage, Sampath C. Weragoda, and K. G. Alahapperuma. "Effect of Nano-Silver Ions Pumps on Antimicrobial Activity of Ag-Nps Incorporated Polymer-Based Food Packings." In 2022 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon55799.2022.9906268.
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Aykaç, Ahmet, and İzel Ok. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.046.
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Hydrogels are biocompatible and swollen materials that have been used as a wound dressing for years. Among them, chitosan-based hydrogels have become popular in the wound healing process owing to their low toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, antibacterial properties. Chitosan (CS) has been used either as a pure form or incorporated with polymers or nanoparticles to increase antimicrobial activity and stability. In this context, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been used to enhance antibacterial activity and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been employed to develop mechanical strength and control of drug release time. In this study, we report the synthesis and fully characterizations of ZnO NPs, MSN and the hydrogel by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We have also prepared and characterized chitosan-based hydrogels functionalized by MSNs and ZnO NPs.
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Katanić Stanković, Jelena S., Nikola Srećković, and Vladimir Mihailović. "PHYTO-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF „BUGLOSSOIDES PURPUROCAERULEA“ (BORAGINACEAE) AND THEIR BIOACTIVITY." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.359ks.
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In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of B. purpurocaerulea, collected in Serbia. B. purpurocaerulea silver nanoparticles (Bp– AgNPs) synthesis was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The biological potential of synthesized Bp-AgNPs was evaluated in vitro using ABTS assay for determining free radical scavenging potential and microdilution method for analysis of antimicrobial properties. Bp-AgNPs showed high antioxidant activity similar to Bp-extract, comparable to BHT. The synthesized nanoparticles exerted remarkable antibacterial effects, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values below 20 µg/mL. In the case of some bacterial strains, the results of Bp– AgNPs were comparable or similar to standard antibiotic erythromycin. The antifungal activity of Bp– AgNPs was moderate for most of the used strains. Nevertheless, several fungi were resistant to the NPs action, while two tested Penicillium species were extremely sensitive on Bp-AgNPs with MIC lower than 40 µg/mL. The antimicrobial properties of Bp-AgNPs can be useful for the development of new NPs-containing products.
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Al-Tayya, Nasser A., Ahmad M. Youssef, and Rashad Al-Hindi. "Evaluation the Antimicrobial Activity of LDPE Nanocomposites Based on TiO2 Nanostructure for Food Packaging Applications." In The 5th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icnfa19.122.
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Alsakkaf, Sarah, Sahar Al-Dosary, Hesham El-Komy, and Mona Al. Ahmadi. "Effect of Different Nanoparticles Silver, Iron Oxide and Titanium Oxide to Control Corrosion by Desulfovibrio Sp.Isolated from Oil Fields." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22588-ms.
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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), or biocorrosion is a corrosion of metals in environment containing microorganism. The microorganisms can initiate corrosion or accelerate by their metabolic activities. Recently, MIC problems common in oil recovery which depend on seawater injection. Many of researchers have been investigated that Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is the major groups of microorganisms that cause corrosion. Pitting corrosion and sulfide generation in oil and gas fields are correlated to presence of SRB. Last decade, nanotechnology is alternative biocide of chlorine-free. Metal nanoparticles improve the antimicrobial activity of the metals. The biocidal activity of AgNPs, Fe2O3NPs and TiO2NPs against Desulfovibrio sp. (St.7) at 1 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations as estimated by cell growth and H2S production was examined. AgNPs and Fe2O3NPs had no significant effect at a low concentration, 1 ppm, on both bacterial growth and sulfide production. Whereas, increasing NPs concentration to 50 ppm and 100 ppm led to a complete inhibition of both growth and sulfide production. TiO2NPs gave complete inhibitory effect on both growth and H2S production by Desulfovibrio sp. (St.7) at all the tested concentrations (1ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm). The study supports the use of such nanoparticles as a green biocide and safe method to control corrosion problem caused by sulphate reducing bacteria.
Reports on the topic "Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs"
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.
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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.