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Journal articles on the topic 'Antimicrobial study'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Vernaccini, Matilde, Lucia De Marchi, Angela Briganti, et al. "Antimicrobial Use in Cats in a University Veterinary Hospital in Central Italy: A Retrospective Study." Antibiotics 13, no. 10 (2024): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13100927.

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Background: Monitoring antimicrobial use is crucial for understanding current prescribing practices. Such information helps in establishing stewardship programs for effectively using antimicrobials and combating resistance to them. Objectives: This study describes how antimicrobials are prescribed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Pisa and compares how the internal medicine and intensive care units differ in their usage of antimicrobials. Methods: The study involved cats that were presented in the units in 2021 and 2022. Antimicrobial prescriptions were obtained via the

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Hardefeldt, Laura Y., Glenn F. Browning, Karin A. Thursky, et al. "Cross-sectional study of antimicrobials used for surgical prophylaxis by bovine veterinary practitioners in Australia." Veterinary Record 181, no. 16 (2017): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104375.

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Antimicrobials are widely used in veterinary practices, but there has been no investigation of antimicrobial classes used or the appropriateness of their use in bovine practice. This study investigated antimicrobial use for surgical prophylaxis in bovine practice in Australia. A cross-sectional study of veterinarian antimicrobial usage patterns was conducted using an online questionnaire. Information solicited included respondent’s details, the frequency with which antimicrobials were used for specific surgical conditions (including the dose, timing and duration of therapy) and details of prac

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Tirfe, Million, Asnakech Alemu, Wondie Alemu, et al. "A three years antimicrobials consumption in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019: A cross- sectional study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284038.

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Background The widespread use and misuse of antimicrobials are the major driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that threatens the health of human beings globally. Thus, monitoring antimicrobial consumption at national level is crucial to prevent and contain AMR. Nevertheless, there is no well-established system for recording and reporting of antimicrobial consumption in Ethiopia. Hence, the national antimicrobial consumption survey was conducted to generate evidence for decision-making on the appropriate use of antimicrobials in Ethiopia and tackle AMR. Methods All imported and loc

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Vanbaelen, Thibaut, Jolein Laumen, Christophe Van Dijck, Tessa De Block, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, and Chris Kenyon. "Lack of Association between Antimicrobial Consumption and Antimicrobial Resistance in a HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." Antibiotics 13, no. 2 (2024): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13020188.

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Background: In antibiotic naïve populations, there is a strong association between the use of an antimicrobial and resistance to this antimicrobial. Less evidence is available as to whether this relationship is weakened in populations highly exposed to antimicrobials. Individuals taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have a high intake of antimicrobials. We previously found that there was no difference in the prevalence of pheno- and genotypic antimicrobial resistance between two groups of PrEP clients who had, and had not, taken antimicrobials in the prior 6 months. Both groups did, howev

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Hermsen, Elizabeth D., Richard L. Sibbel, and Silas Holland. "The Role of Pharmaceutical Companies in Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Case Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 3 (2020): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa053.

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Abstract Rising levels of antimicrobial resistance pose serious dangers to patients, population health, food security, and economic stability worldwide. In response to this threat, the United Nations and the World Health Organization have called for multisectoral, multidisciplinary action, recognizing that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent. Although the pharmaceutical industry clearly has a leading role in developing novel antimicrobials and vaccines, it is also active in many areas supporting antimicrobial stewardship. This article describes why pharmaceutical compani

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Chirambo, Evans Chimayi, Francis Kachidza Chiumia, Dumisani Nkhoma, et al. "Assessing antimicrobial use patterns in Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities: A cross-sectional study protocol." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0306509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306509.

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The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Malawi is high with reported mortality of 19,300 annually, the 23rd highest age-standardised mortality. One of the drivers of AMR is misuse of antibiotics, a phenomenon that has not been adequately researched in Malawi. This study aims to investigate antimicrobial use using health facility, prescribing and patient indicators in Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities. This will be a multiple cross-sectional study, which will collect data from facilities (22), prescriptions (660), and patients (303). Data will be collected

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Subramani, Nandhagopal, and S. J. Nagaveni. "Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among medical interns in a tertiary care teaching hospital at Karnataka: institution based cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 12, no. 7 (2025): 3036–41. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20252092.

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global health issue, predominantly fueled by the excessive use and improper application of antimicrobials. Medical interns, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role in tackling this issue through careful prescribing and patient education. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among medical interns. A structured and validated questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, regarding antimicrobial resistance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 133 participants in the

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Baraka, Mohamed A., Amany Alboghdadly, Samar Alshawwa, et al. "Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Their Consequences: A Cross Sectional Study in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070878.

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Factors reported in the literature associated with inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials include physicians with less experience, uncertain diagnosis, and patient caregiver influences on physicians’ decisions. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance is critical for identifying emerging resistance patterns, developing, and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Improvement in prescribing antimicrobials would minimize the risk of resistance and, consequently, improve patients’ clinical and health outcomes. The purpose of the study is to delineate factors associated with antimicr

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Jadhav, Pranav Sadashiv, Sabiha Saleem Tamboli, and Pradnya Sadashiv Jadhav. "A Questionnaire-based Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Resident Doctors about Antimicrobial Stewardship at a Tertiary Care Centre." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 24, no. 1 (2025): 12–15. https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v24.i1.85.

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This study is aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of the resident doctors at a tertiary care centre about antimicrobial (AM) stewardship education so that it will be easy to address the lacunae which are identified during the training curriculum of the resident doctors. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in the final year junior residents at a tertiary care teaching center in Maharashtra. Each respondent completed the given questionnaire in the given time. A scoring system was used to rate the KAP of the respondent as poor, average and good. 58.3% of the r

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GONÇALVES, Thaís Paula Rodrigues, Adriano Guimarães PARREIRA, and Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos LIMA. "STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Tecoma stans (L.) ex Kunth (BIGNONIACEAE)." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (2020): 1037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.85_goncalves_pgs_1037_1043.pdf.

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Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant concern worldwide. In the present work was performed the phytochemical screening of ethanol extract and fractions of Tecoma stans flowers, and evaluated the antimicrobial potential by a broth microdilution assay against 10 isolates of clinical interest. Also was assessed the interaction of combinations of T. stans samples with commercial antimicrobials. The samples of T. stans demonstrated antibacterial activity and fungistatic potential against Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida infant

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Kalnins, Nicole Jacqueline, Catriona Croton, Mark Haworth, Justine Gibson, Sarah Leonie Purcell, and Allison Jean Stewart. "A VetCompass Australia Study of Antimicrobial Use in Dog-to-Dog Bite Wounds (1998–2018)." Antibiotics 11, no. 1 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010055.

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Although dog-to-dog bite wounds (DBW) are a common presentation to veterinary clinics, antimicrobial prescribing habits of Australian clinics have not been reported. This study determined the frequency and results of DBW cultures; antimicrobial selection; and importance class of antimicrobials prescribed relative to wound severity, geographic location, or year. A systematic sample of 72,507 patient records was retrieved from the VetCompass Australia database. Records for 1713 dog bite events involving 1655 dogs were reviewed for presenting signs, results of culture and susceptibility testing (

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Bello, Shakirat I., Fullaila O. Aliiyu, Hadiza Yusuf, and Bello J. Aliyu. "Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices of human healthcare students about antimicrobial drug use and resistance: a cross-sectional study in University of Maiduguri, Nigeria." Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources 18, no. 3 (2021): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v18i3.2.

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Inappropriate consumption of antimicrobial drugs is the main cause of antibiotic resistance which is currently the most critical global public health challenge. This research aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antimicrobial drug use and resistance among 576 students. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize the sampled population. Ethical clearance and students’ informed consent were obtained. Most of the students were within the age range of 21-25 years and have excellent knowledge of antimicrobial use. Also, most o

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Dela-Pena, Jennifer, Luiza Kerstenetzky, Lucas Schulz, Ron Kendall, Alexander Lepak, and Barry Fox. "Top 1% of Inpatients Administered Antimicrobial Agents Comprising 50% of Expenditures: A Descriptive Study and Opportunities for Stewardship Intervention." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 3 (2016): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.261.

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OBJECTIVETo characterize the top 1% of inpatients who contributed to the 6-month antimicrobial budget in a tertiary, academic medical center and identify cost-effective intervention opportunities targeting high-cost antimicrobial utilization.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.PATIENTSTop 1% of the antimicrobial budget from July 1 through December 31, 2014.METHODSPatients were identified through a pharmacy billing database. Baseline characteristics were collected through a retrospective medical chart review. Patients were presented to the antimicrobial stewardship team to determine appropriate ut

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Scarborough, Ri O., Anna E. Sri, Glenn F. Browning, Laura Y. Hardefeldt, and Kirsten E. Bailey. "‘Brave Enough’: A Qualitative Study of Veterinary Decisions to Withhold or Delay Antimicrobial Treatment in Pets." Antibiotics 12, no. 3 (2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030540.

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Veterinarians sometimes prescribe antimicrobials even when they know or suspect that they are unnecessary. The drivers of this behaviour must be understood to design effective antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 veterinarians who treated companion animals in Australia. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to organise interview themes, focusing on a decision to withhold antimicrobial therapy in the absence of a clear indication. Many background factors influenced antimicrobial-withholding decisions, including the veterinarian’s communic

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Ishida, Tomoharu, Hideharu Hagiya, Hiroyuki Honda, et al. "Antimicrobial prescription practices for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections: A retrospective, multicenter, medical record-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259633.

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Antimicrobial stewardship for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) should be urgently promoted in this era of antimicrobial resistance. Previous large-sample studies were based on administrative data and had limited reliability. We aimed to identify current antimicrobial prescription practices for ARTIs by directly basing on medical records. This multicenter retrospective study was performed from January to December in 2018, at five medical institutes in Japan. We targeted outpatients aged ≥18 years whose medical records revealed International Classification of Diseases

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Yi, Sojung, Anu Ramachandran, Lane Epps, et al. "Emergency department antimicrobial use in a low-resource setting: results from a retrospective observational study at a referral hospital in Liberia." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (2022): e056709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056709.

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ObjectiveData on antimicrobial use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain limited. In Liberia, the absence of local data impedes surveillance and may lead to suboptimal treatment, injudicious use and resistance against antimicrobials. This study aims to examine antimicrobial prescribing patterns for patients in the emergency department (ED) of a large Liberian public hospital. Secondarily, this prescribing was compared with WHO prescribing indicators.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingAn adult ED of a large public hospital in Monrovia, Liberia.ParticipantsA total

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Rolfe, Robert J., Florida Muro, Furaha Lyamuya, et al. "158. A multi-site, prospective study of antimicrobial prescribing practices in three low- or middle-income country hospitals." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S88—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.203.

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Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are being developed internationally to mitigate the misuse of antimicrobials. An understanding of current practices and prescribing patterns is necessary to determine targets to develop context-specific ASPs in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) hospitals. Methods We conducted a prospective study of patients admitted to the adult medical wards at three LMIC tertiary care centers in 2018- 2019: a 1,800-bed public hospital in Galle, Sri Lanka; a 991-bed public hospital in Eldoret, Kenya; and a 630-bed private hospital in Moshi, Tan

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R, Jangid. "Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in India: A Nationwide, Multicentric, Big-Data, Retrospective Study." Open Access Journal of Urology & Nephrology 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajun-16000192.

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Introduction: With the increasing antimicrobial resistance, treating community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a big challenge for many physicians, and the latest antimicrobial sensitivity patterns play a crucial role in successful outcomes. The current study aims to address the issue of lack of comprehensive regional antimicrobial resistance pattern data for uropathogens in India. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective study conducted on data (urine culture and sensitivity report) retrieved from the diagnostic laboratories across 29 Indian states and Union Territ

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Sri, Anna, Kirsten E. Bailey, James R. Gilkerson, Glenn F. Browning, and Laura Y. Hardefeldt. "Attitudes towards Use of High-Importance Antimicrobials—A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Veterinarians." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (2022): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111589.

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The timely implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions could delay or prevent the development of higher levels of antimicrobial resistance in the future. In food-producing animals in Australia, high-importance antimicrobials, as rated by the Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group (ASTAG), include virginiamycin and third-generation cephalosporins (in individual pigs or cattle). The use of high-importance antimicrobials in companion animals is more widespread and less regulated. There is no national antimicrobial use surveillance system for animals in Australia. Conseque

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Pérez-Flores, Jesús Guadalupe, Laura García-Curiel, Emmanuel Pérez-Escalante, et al. "Plant Antimicrobial Compounds and Their Mechanisms of Action on Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria: A Bibliometric Study and Literature Review." Applied Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 3516. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073516.

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This research explored the potential of plant antimicrobial compounds as natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials in the food and pharmaceutical industries, emphasizing the urgent need to combat antimicrobial resistance. It detailed various mechanisms by which these plant-derived compounds inhibit microbial growth, including disrupting cell membrane integrity, impeding cell wall and protein synthesis, and preventing biofilm formation, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This study highlighted the specific effects of plant antimicrobials on bacterial cells, such as inhibiting bi

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Sangwan, Robin, Alicia J. Neels, Stella May Gwini, Sajal K. Saha, and Eugene Athan. "Is Education Alone Enough to Sustain Improvements of Antimicrobial Stewardship in General Practice in Australia? Results of an Intervention Follow-Up Study." Antibiotics 12, no. 3 (2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030594.

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Sustained behaviour change and practice improvements for the optimal use of antimicrobials remains challenging in primary care. In 2018, a simple antimicrobial stewardship education programme involving guideline recommendations for common infections, antimicrobial audit reports, and local antibiograms resulted in significant improvements in guideline compliance and more appropriate antimicrobial prescribing by GPs. This observational follow-up study aims to examine the sustainability of the positive intervention effect after two years of implementation of the intervention. Practice-based data

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Almeida, Carolina Medeiros, Eveline Angélica Lira de Sousa Sales Rocha, Érika Ponchet Alves, et al. "In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Salvia officinalis L. against Oral Pathogens." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 2 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n2p129-133.

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AbstractThe emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to antibiotics has motivated the search for new substances with antimicrobial activity, especially those derived from medicinal plants. Salvia officinalis L. is a medicinal plant that arouses scientific interest due to being associated with multiple therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of S. officinalis L. against pathogens in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial potential of the ethanol extract of leaf of S. officinalis L was evaluated by broth microdilution, with determination of

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Joosten, Philip, Daniela Ceccarelli, Evelien Odent, et al. "Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Companion Animals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three European Countries." Antibiotics 9, no. 2 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020087.

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Companion animals have been described as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), however data remain scarce. Therefore, the objectives were to describe antimicrobial usage (AMU) in dogs and cats in three European countries (Belgium, Italy, and The Netherlands) and to investigate phenotypic AMR. A questionnaire and one fecal sample per animal (n = 303) were collected over one year and AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI). Phenotypic resistance profiles of 282 Escherichia coli isolates were determined. Nineteen percent of the animals received at least one antimicrobi

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Brahmbhatt, Krutarth R., and Amul B. Patel. "Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Gujarat: institution based cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (2018): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180263.

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Background: Antimicrobial-resistant organisms are spreading worldwide, and the pipeline for new antimicrobials remains meager. The next generation of doctors must be better prepared to use antimicrobials more sparingly and appropriately.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of GMERS Medical College Junagadh from January to May 2017. Self-administered structured close ended questionnaire in English was used. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient, t test and ANOVA were used as tests of significance.Results: Total 130 students participated in the study.

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Rayamajhi, Bikash Bahadur, Sunil Basukala, Anjan Khadka, Narayan Thapa, and Dhirendra Bahadur Ayer. "An Assessment of Antimicrobial Prescription Pattern among Surgical Patients: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Descriptive Study." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 24, no. 1 (2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v24i1.41004.

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Introduction: Antimicrobials are used before, during and after surgery to prevent infections to decrease the duration of hospital stay, increase surgical outcomes and reduce health-related costs. There is inadequate evidence to determine the effective group of antimicrobials to be used in surgical prophylaxis in our settings. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study involving antimicrobial prescriptions pattern among 223 surgical patients was undertaken. Information on patient’s demographic variables, diagnosis, type of surgery and wound, perioperative antimicrobial use, pos

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McCracken, James A., Mohamed Nakeshbandi, Carline Sainvil, Eduard Porosnicu, and Roopali Sharma. "160. A Pre- and Post-intervention Study to Implement a Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Palliative Care." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S89—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.205.

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Abstract Background In patients receiving palliative care, medical interventions are transitioned away from aggressive and curative attempts to less invasive and more comfort measures. Antimicrobial usage remains a challenging subject in palliative care decisions, where many physicians focus interventions on reduction of patient pain and discomfort, without consideration for adverse effects such as the development of antimicrobial resistance or patient-specific adverse drug events. With limited data on the comfort benefit, we aimed to assess antimicrobial use in patients at the end of life in

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Teli, Avinash, Danish Azad, and Rifat Bashir. "Drug use evaluation and rational prescription audit of restricted antibiotics in tertiary care corporate hospital: An interventional study." IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (2023): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2022.041.

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: Antimicrobial agent are the biggest contribution to 20th century, which are used to prevent and cure of the infections. Over use of antimicrobials has facilitated the development of resistance. Drug utilization research help in identification of clinical use of drugs in populations and its impact on healthcare system.: The aim of the study is to identify the overuse/misuse of the antibiotic usage in our intensive care unit. which helps in rationalising the antibiotic prescription and to avoid emergence of drug resistance and to improve better patient’s outcome. An observational audit has bee

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Alhouzani, Talal, Mohammad Saleem, Arun Sharma, Sitaram Khadka, Ravi Prasad Gupta, and Pallav Aryal. "Irrational Use of Antimicrobials in Poultry Farms and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v3i2.316.

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Background: The rampant use of antimicrobials in poultry farms is creating a global public health threat as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans may arise from such practice. This study was conducted with the objective of quantification and hence assessment of the level of antimicrobial use in Pakistani poultry farms so that appropriate utilization of such agents can be assured. Methods: Six randomly selected poultry farms of Pakistan with ten production cycles with 20,000- 30,000 birds in every production cycle were selected for the study from 2018 to 2019. The average dosage utiliz

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Sultana, Nagina, Jannatul Ferdoush, Fatema Johora, et al. "Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices at Dermatology Outpatient Departments in Tertiary Care Hospitals: A Multi-Centered, Cross Sectional Study." IAHS Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iahsmj.v5i1.65785.

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Background: An antimicrobial is an agent, that kills micro organisims or prevents their growth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial prescribing behaviors in the Dermatology Outpatient Department. Materials and methods: This multi-centered, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dermatology Outpatient Department of three tertiary care hospitals in Chattogram division, Bangladesh during the period October, 2021 to April, 2022. Results: During the study period, 463 prescriptions were obtained. Over half of the participants were female (57%) and between the ages of 21 to 40 year

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GEBREYES, WONDWOSSEN A., SIDDHARTHA THAKUR, and W. E. MORGAN MORROW. "Comparison of Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Antimicrobial-Free and Conventional Pig Production." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 4 (2006): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.743.

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Conventional swine production evolved to routinely use antimicrobials, and common occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been reported. There is a paucity of information on the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in swine production in the absence of antimicrobial selective pressure. Therefore, we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from antimicrobial-free and conventional production systems. A total of 889 pigs and 743 carcasses were sampled in the study. Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher among the antimicrobial-free system

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Abedini, Ehsan, Ehsaneh Khodadadi, Elham Zeinalzadeh, et al. "A Comprehensive Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Resveratrol as an Alternative Therapy." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8866311.

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Resveratrol is a polyphenolic antioxidant whose possible health benefits include anticarcinogenic, antiaging, and antimicrobial properties that have gained significant attention. The compound is well accepted by individuals and has been commonly used as a nutraceutical in recent decades. Its widespread usage makes it essential to study as a single agent as well as in combination with traditional prescription antibiotics as regards to antimicrobial properties. Resveratrol demonstrates the action of antimicrobials against a remarkable bacterial diversity, viruses, and fungus. This report explain

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Alawi, Maha Mahmoud, Wail A. Tashkandi, Mohamed A. Basheikh, et al. "Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Long-Term Care: A Five-Year Prospective Single-Center Study." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8140429.

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Objective. To report the effectiveness of the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in a long-term care (LTC) facility, by analyzing the change in antimicrobial consumption and cost and multidrug resistance (MDR) rates over a 5-year period. Method. A prospective interventional study was conducted at a 106-bed facility (nursing home: 100 beds and an intensive care unit (ICU): 6 beds). The ASP was designed and led by a multidisciplinary team including an infectious disease consultant, two clinical pharmacists, a clinical microbiologist, and an infection control preventionist. Five key performa

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Arroliga, Mercedes E., Christine Radojicic, Steven M. Gordon, et al. "A Prospective Observational Study of the Effect of Penicillin Skin Testing on Antibiotic Use in the Intensive Care Unit." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, no. 5 (2003): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502212.

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AbstractBackground:Patients with penicillin allergy admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently receive non-beta-lactam antimicrobials for the treatment of infection. The use of these antimicrobials, more commonly vancomycin and fluoroquinolones, is associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant infections. The penicillin skin test (PST) can help detect patients at risk of developing an immediate allergic reaction to penicillin and those patients with a negative PST may be able to use a penicillin antibiotic safely.Methods:We determined the incidence of true penicillin allergy,

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Sheng, Tianchen, Gaya B. Wijayaratne, Thushani M. Dabrera, et al. "436. Skin and Soft-tissue Infections Are a Common Reason for Potentially Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use among Inpatients in Sri Lanka." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S216—S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.509.

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Abstract Background Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are a common reason for antimicrobial use in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Inappropriate antimicrobial use for SSTI is common. We determined the prevalence of SSTI and associated inappropriate antimicrobial use among inpatients in Sri Lanka. Methods A point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use was conducted using one-day cross-sectional surveys at five public hospitals in Southern Province, Sri Lanka from Jun-August 2017. Inpatients’ medical records were reviewed for clinical data including antimicrobials prescribed. Inapprop

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Girma, Samuel, Mekonnen Sisay, Getnet Mengistu, Firehiwot Amare, and Dumessa Edessa. "Antimicrobial Utilization Pattern in Pediatric Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: The Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship." Hospital Pharmacy 53, no. 1 (2017): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717737429.

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Background: Antimicrobials are among the most frequently prescribed medications for pediatric patients. However, inappropriate use of them can increase morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and largely antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to assess the antimicrobial utilization pattern in the pediatric ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial utilization. In this study, 403 pediatric medical records selected by systematic random sampling were reviewed. Data were collected using structured d

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Surial, Rashmi, Sundeep Sahay, Vinay Modgil, Arunima Mukherjee, and Ritika Kondal Bhandari. "A Biosocial Perspective to Understand Antimicrobial Prescription Practices: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Public Community Health Center in North India." Antibiotics 14, no. 3 (2025): 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030213.

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Background: It is well established by research that large-scale and indiscriminate prescribing, dispensing, and use of antimicrobials drive antimicrobial resistance (AMR) endangering the health and well-being of people, animals, and the environment. In the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the prescribing of antimicrobials is often not based on biomedical rationality but involves alternative logic driven by social, cultural, and institutional factors. This paper seeks to develop a “biosocial” perspective, reflecting a unified perspective that treats the biomedical and social

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Abdoler, Emily, Bridget O’Brien, Brian Schwartz, and Brian Schwartz. "1946. An Exploratory Study of the Therapeutic Reasoning Underlying Antimicrobial Selection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S56—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.123.

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Abstract Background Clinical reasoning research has helped illuminate how clinicians make diagnoses but offers less insight into management decisions. The need to understand therapeutic choices is particularly salient within infectious diseases (ID), where antimicrobial prescribing has broad implications given increasing rates of resistance. Researchers have examined general factors underlying antibiotic prescribing. Our study advances this work by exploring the factors and processes underlying physician choice of specific antimicrobials. Methods We conducted individual interviews with a purpo

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Chai, Jing, Caroline Coope, Jing Cheng, et al. "Cross-sectional study of the use of antimicrobials following common infections by rural residents in Anhui, China." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (2019): e024856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024856.

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ObjectiveTo describe help seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use for common infections among rural residents of Anhui province, China.DesignA cross-sectional retrospective household survey.Setting12 administrative villages from rural Anhui, China.Participants2760 rural residents selected through cluster-randomised sampling using an interviewer administered questionnaire.MethodLogistic regression models were used to estimate associations between exposures (health insurance and antimicrobial-related knowledge), adjusted for confounders (sex, age and education), and help-se

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Gurung, Ratna B., Karma P. Zangmo, James R. Gilkerson, Glenn F. Browning, Angeline S. Ferdinand, and Mauricio J. C. Coppo. "Antimicrobial Consumption in the Livestock Sector in Bhutan: Volumes, Values, Rates, and Trends for the Period 2017–2021." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020411.

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Data on the use of antimicrobials in humans and livestock may provide evidence to guide policy changes to mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there is limited information available about antimicrobial use in livestock in low- and middle-income countries, even though these nations are most vulnerable to the impact of AMR. This study aimed to assess the consumption of veterinary antimicrobials in Bhutan and identify areas for improvement to reduce the use of antimicrobials in livestock. National data on livestock numbers and annual procurement of veterinary antimicrobia

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Vaou, Natalia, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Chrysa Voidarou, Christina Tsigalou, and Eugenia Bezirtzoglou. "Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (2021): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041.

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The increasing incidence of drug- resistant pathogens raises an urgent need to identify and isolate new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using standardized modern analytical procedures. Medicinal plant-derived compounds could provide novel straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived components, their possible mechanisms of action, as well as their chemical potential. The focus is put on the current challenges and future perspectives surrounding medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. There are some inherent

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TUTAR, Uğur, and Cem ÇELİK. "Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Properties of 1-allyl-3-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) Benzimidazolium Chloride and its Silver(I)-NHC Complex." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43, no. 3 (2022): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1121787.

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Today, the number of antimicrobials used in treatment has decreased, especially due to drug resistance. We need new antimicrobials. Biofilms are an important cause of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of the salt and silver complex of benzimidazolium-based NHC compound, which were previously synthesized and characterized, were evaluated. The antimicrobial properties were tested using the broth microdilution method, while their antibiofilm potential was determined by microtiter plate assay. Salt of the NHC compound (1a) showed antimicrobial ac

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Masoamphambe, Effita Fifi, Bright Lipenga, Raymond Pongolani, et al. "The market systems and supply chain of antimicrobial agents in Malawi." Wellcome Open Research 10 (March 5, 2025): 123. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23280.1.

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Background A central pillar of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is to optimize use of antimicrobials. Whilst excessive use of antimicrobials drives AMR, scarcity has a negative impact on patients needing access to treatment for infectious diseases. Addressing this issue necessitates concerted efforts to enhance the antimicrobial supply chain. However, achieving tangible improvements requires a comprehensive understanding of the existing processes of antimicrobial supply. Notably, there exists a gap in the literature on the market dynamics and supply chain processes of a

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Loayza-Villa, Fernanda, Alejandro Torres, Lixin Zhang, and Gabriel Trueba. "Removal of antimicrobial prophylaxis and its effect on swine carriage of antimicrobial-resistant coliforms." Science Progress 104, no. 4 (2021): 003685042110502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211050279.

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The use of antimicrobials in the food animal industry has caused an increased prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes, which can be transferred to the microbiota of humans through the food chain or the environment. To reduce the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animals have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of an antimicrobial restriction intervention during two generations of pigs. Fecal samples were collected in five growth phases. The frequency of antimicr

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Sarro, Andrea, Francesco Di Nardo, Michela Andreoletti, Chiara Airoldi, Lorenza Scotti, and Massimiliano Panella. "Prevalence of Antimicrobial Prescribing in Long-Term Care Facilities in a Local Health Authority of Northern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (2022): 13412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013412.

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Background: Almost half of antimicrobial prescriptions in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is inappropriate. This broad use might represent a strong contributor to antimicrobial resistance in these facilities. This study aimed to assess antibiotic use patterns and potential associated factors with a survey of LTCFs in the local health authority (LHA) of Novara. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 LTCFs in the LHA of Novara following the healthcare-associated infection in LCTFs (HALT) protocol. Information on residents and facilities was assessed. Antibiotic usage and potentia

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Acharya, Upasana, Ravi Mahat, Subhash Prasad Acharya, Bishnu Pahari, and Prashant Tripathi. "Prescribing pattern and utilization of selected antimicrobials in a tertiary hospital of Nepal." Grande Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gmj.v1i2.27089.

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Introduction: This study was done to understand the purpose of using higher grade antimicrobials in a one year period and to compare the consumption of commonly prescribed parenteral antimicrobial agents in four consecutive years in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Materials & Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out to collect the information on prescription of selected six classes of antimicrobial for all admitted patients aged 2 years or above for a one-year period. Further, the antimicrobial consumption tool 2016 was used to calculate defined daily dose (DDD

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Jain, Amit Kumar, Shahzar Naimi, and Seema Jain. "Assessment of Antimicrobial Prescribing Pattern in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh, India." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (2018): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v10i2.23014.

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Introduction: Assessment of prescribing pattern at regular interval is essential to avoid inappropriate use of drugs, especially of antimicrobial drugs. Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in the Ophthalmology Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, India. Material and method: The present study included a total 600 prescriptions of patients attending OPD. A structured proforma was used to record all necessary information of each patient including demographic profi le of patie

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Donato, Maria Manuel, Olga Cardoso, Gabriela Assis, Sara Carolina Henriques, Andreia Freitas, and Fernando Ramos. "Copper and Antimicrobial Residues in the Liver and Kidney—Antimicrobial Resistance and Cu Tolerance Unrelated in Escherichia coli from Piglets’ Faeces." Microorganisms 12, no. 12 (2024): 2553. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122553.

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Antimicrobials, widely used in livestock, have induced the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, prompting farmers to explore alternatives like copper. This study aims to determine antimicrobial residues and Cu concentrations in the liver and kidney of piglets and to investigate the correlation between Cu and antimicrobial use and the resistance to Cu and antimicrobials of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets’ faeces. Antimicrobial residues were quantified by UHPLC-ToF-MS; Cu was quantified using FAAS; microbiological methods were used for E. coli isolation, CuSO4 minimal inhibitory

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Ramadi, Prameela, Naga Nandini Bokka, Sireesha Boddepalli, and Deepthi Rani Bodda. "Analysis of Antimicrobial Utilization Patterns, Safety Profiles in an Intensive Care Unit of a Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 477–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11403599.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses significant challenges in healthcare settings, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) where the use of antimicrobials is prevalent. This study analyzes antimicrobial utilization patterns, safety profiles in the ICU of a teaching hospital, aiming to identify strategies for optimizing antimicrobial use and mitigating AMR. <strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to the ICU who received antimicrobial therapy. Data on the types of antimicrobials prescribed, indicat

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Vientós-Plotts, Aida I., Isabelle Masseau, and Carol R. Reinero. "Comparison of Short- versus Long-Course Antimicrobial Therapy of Uncomplicated Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study." Animals 11, no. 11 (2021): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113096.

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Current treatment for canine bacterial pneumonia relies on protracted courses of antimicrobials (3–6 weeks or more) with recommendations to continue for 1–2 weeks past resolution of all clinical and thoracic radiographic abnormalities. However, in humans, bacterial pneumonia is often treated with 5–10-day courses of antimicrobials, and thoracic radiographs are not considered useful to guide therapeutic duration. The primary study objective was to determine whether a short course of antimicrobials would be sufficient to treat canine bacterial pneumonia. Eight dogs with uncomplicated bacterial p

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Anjaneya Swamy, M., and Jagannath D. Andhale. "Profile of pathogens isolated from different clinical samples and their antimicrobial pattern: a retrospective study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 11 (2021): 3324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214075.

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Background: Since there is a significant rise in resistant bacteria to different antimicrobial agents, there is a need to study the resistance pattern of different isolates from different clinical samples for effective use of available antimicrobials by clinicians. The aim of the present study was to detect the resistance pattern of various antimicrobials against different clinical isolates in hospitalised patients in out setting.Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the collection of the data from the records of microbiology laboratory. All clinical specimens were processed as per

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