Journal articles: 'Antimode'

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Li, Yuelong. "Antimode collapse generative adversarial networks." Journal of Electronic Imaging 28, no. 02 (March 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.28.2.023020.

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KAWANO, SEIICHI. "The study of Antimode in races of the acetylation genetic diversity." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (1994): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.25.81.

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Kertakova, Marija, Sonja Jordeva, and Jordan Efremov. "Analysis of the first autochthonous subculture in fashion history: Antimode style of "Incroyables" and "Marveilleuses"." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102048k.

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This scientific article is devoted to an extremely intriguing topic, so relevant among connoisseurs of fashion history and fashion costume (but not enough among ordinary fashion lovers) and is of great benefit to today's science, fashion and fashion industry, as it relates to the question of how socio-political events can greatly influence the construction of a completely new costume, radically different from the conventional one. One of the main goals of this scientific work is to reconsider and critically analyze the costumes of the most rebellious young people who lived in the late XVIII century. The so-called "Incroyables" and "Merveilleuses" emerged as the first autochthonous subculture in the history of fashion, contributing to fashion through the characteristic elements and variations of men's and women's costumes, thus defining a completely new social ideal of beauty, embodied and expressed with the help of fashionable women's and men's suits from this period. On the other hand, thanks to the knowledge and study of this new way and method of structuring the costume, the horizon is born in which it becomes clear how the new young people appeared after the second half of the 20th century, and the designers of the new age cleverly use accumulated historical material in their creative practice and embody the same in a way so characteristic of the spirit of the time. Due to the fact that fashion has various manifestations, I have also used cross-cultural research methods -attracting certain parts of sociology and structural and systematic analysis..

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Sano, Takuya. "Antimode dynamics and chaotic itinerancy in the coherence collapse of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback." Physical Review A 50, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 2719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.50.2719.

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Su, Feng, Liping Lu, Chengyong Zhou, Xiaoxia Wang, Long Sun, and Chun Han. "A three-dimensional ZnIIcoordination polymer constructed from 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′,4,4′-tetracarboxylate and 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene ligands exhibiting photoluminescence." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617000213.

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Ligands based on polycarboxylic acids are excellent building blocks for the construction of coordination polymers; they may bind to a variety of metal ions and form clusters, as well as extended chain or network structures. Among these building blocks, biphenyltetracarboxylic acids (H4bpta) withC2symmetry have recently attracted attention because of their variable bridging and multidentate chelating modes. The new luminescent three-dimensional coordination polymer poly[(μ5-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′,4,4′-tetracarboxylato)bis[μ2-1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene]dizinc(II)], [Zn2(C16H6O8)(C12H10N4)]n, was synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure contains two crystallographically independent ZnIIcations. Both metal cations are located on twofold axes and display distorted tetrahedral coordination geometries. Neighbouring ZnIIcentres are bridged by carboxylate groups in thesyn–antimode to form one-dimensional chains. Adjacent chains are linked through 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′,4,4′-tetracarboxylate and 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene ligands to form a three-dimensional network. In the solid state, the compound exhibits blue photoluminescence and represents a promising candidate for a thermally stable and solvent-resistant blue fluorescent material.

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Antonyshyn, Iryna, Olga Zhak, Stepan Oryshchyn, Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, Constantin Hoch, and Lev Aksel’rud. "Crystal Structure of the New Ternary Antimonide Ho5GaSb3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2009-0806.

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The crystal structure of the new ternary antimonide Ho5GaSb3 has been determined from X-ray single-crystal data: space group Pnma, a = 7.9667(8), b = 15.128(2), c = 7.9616(8) Å , V = 959.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, RF = 0.059, Rw = 0.066 for 9020 reflections. The crystal structure of Ho5GaSb3 is a ternary derivative of the Sm5Ge4 structure type with partially ordered distribution of gallium and antimony atoms

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Brylak, Markus, and Wolfgang Jeitschko. "Ternary Antimonides LnTSb3 with Ln = La-Nd, Sm and T = V, Cr." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0611.

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The title compounds were prepared by reaction of the elemental components. They crystallize in a new structure type, which was determined from single-crystal X -ray data of CeCrSb3: Pbcm, a = 1310.8(3), b = 618.4(1), c = 607.9(1) pm, Z = 4, R = 0.029 for 648 structure factors and 32 variable parameters. The structure of the antimonide CeVSb3 is isotypic: a = 1319.0(2), b = 623.92(8), c = 603.03(8) pm , R = 0.041 for 477 structure factors and 32 variables. The transition metal site and one of the three antimony sites were found to have partial occupancies resulting in the exact compositions CeV0,91(1)Sb2,916(4) and CeCr0,901(9)Sb2,909(4). The structures contain fractional Sb -Sb bonds with distances varying between 301,5 and 316.4 pm. The transition metal atoms have octahedral antimony coordination. These TSb6 octahedra share faces resulting in linear infinite strings with V - V and Cr - Cr bond distances of 301.5 and 304.0 pm, respectively. The structure of these com pounds contains building elements, which are also found in antimonides with ThCr2Si2, CaBe2Ge2, and HfCuSi2 type structures.

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Schäfer, Konrad, Anna Isaeva, Michael Ruck, Birgit Gerke, Christian Schwickert, and Rainer Pöttgen. "La2NiSb – A Ternary Ordered Version of the Bi3Ni Type with Highly Polar Bonding." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2014): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4135.

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Abstract The lanthanum-rich antimonide La2NiSb was synthesized by annealing a cold-pressed pellet of the elements in a sealed silica glas tube at 1120 K. La2NiSb was characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction: ordered Bi3Ni type, Pnma, Z =4, a=825.6(3), b=452.2(2), c=1195.5(4) pm, wR=0.0695, 856 F2 values, 26 variables. The nickel atoms form infinite zigzag chains (259 pm Ni-Ni) with trigonal-prismatic lanthanum coordination for each nickel atom. The antimony atoms cap the rectangular faces of the lanthanum prisms (336 pm La-Sb) and thereby coordinate also the nickel atoms (271 pm Ni-Sb). These rods run parallel to the b axis and form a herringbone pattern, similar to the FeB-type structure of GdNi. Although metallic conductivity is expected for La2NiSb from DFT-based band structure calculations, the real-space bonding analysis shows prominent localization of electrons on antimonide anions and positively charged lanthanum cations. The chain substructure is strongly bonded by polar covalent Ni-Sb and multicenter Ni-Ni interactions. The nickel atoms, which are involved in multicenter bonding with adjacent nickel and lanthanum atoms, provide a conductivity pathway along the prismatic strands. 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopic data at 78 K show a single signal at an isomer shift of -7.62(3)mms-1, supporting the antimonide character. La2NiSb shows weak paramagnetism with a susceptibility of 2.5 x 10-3 emu mol-1 at room temperature.

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Weimer, Daniel. "Drugs-as-a-Disease." Janus Head 6, no. 2 (2003): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20036212.

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This essay examines President Nixon's drug policy during the early 1970s, specifically the government's reaction to heroin use by American soldiers in Vietnam. The official response, discursively (through the employment of the drugs-as-a-disease metaphor) and on the policy level illustrated how of issues of national- and self-identity othering, and modernity intersected in the formulation and implementation of what is now termed the Drug War. Heroin using soldiers and domestic addicts, labeled as carriers of a contagious, foreign, and antimodem, dangerous disease, threatened to undermine a contingent national identity an identity weighted by capitalist modernity. Unearthing how addiction's ostensibly antimodern condition contributed to the othering of addicts as a foreign danger reveals how the United States' antidrug character and policies help maintain a national identity bound to the tenets of capitalist modernity. Methodologically, this essay combines historical analysis with literary and critical theory.

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Schellenberg, Inga, Tom Nilges, and Rainer Pöttgen. "Structural and 121Sb Mössbauer Spectroscopic Investigations of the Antimonide Oxides REMnSbO (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) and REZnSbO (RE = La, Ce, Pr)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0705.

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Quaternary antimonide oxides REMnSbO (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm,Gd, Tb) and REZnSbO (RE = La, Ce, Pr) were synthesized from the RESb monoantimonides and MnO, respectively ZnO, in sealed tubes at 1170 K. Single crystals were obtained from NaCl/KCl salt fluxes. The ZrCuSiAs-type (space group P4/nmm) structures of LaMnSbO (a = 423.95(7), c = 955.5(27) pm, wR2 = 0.067, 247 F2), CeMnSbO (a = 420.8(1), c = 950.7(1) pm, wR2 = 0.097, 250 F2), SmMnSbO (a = 413.1(1), c = 942.3(1) pm, wR2 = 0.068, 330 F2), LaZnSbO (a = 422.67(6), c = 953.8(2) pm, wR2 = 0.052, 259 F2), and NdZnSbO (a = 415.9(1), c = 945.4(4) pm, wR2 = 0.109, 206 F2) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The structures consist of covalently bonded (RE3+O2−)+ and (T2+Sb3−)− layers with weak ionic interlayer interactions. The oxygen and transition metal atoms both have tetrahedral coordination within the layers. 121Sb Mössbauer spectra of the REMnSbO and REZnSbO compounds show single antimony sites with isomer shifts close to −8 mm s−1, in agreement with the antimonide character of these compounds. PrMnSbO and NdMnSbO show transferred hyperfine fields of 8 T at 4.2 K.

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Bracht, H., S. P. Nicols, W. Walukiewicz, J. P. Silveira, F. Briones, and E. E. Haller. "Large disparity between gallium and antimony self-diffusion in gallium antimonide." Nature 408, no. 6808 (November 2000): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35040526.

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12

Assoud, Abdeljalil, Katja M. Kleinke, Navid Soheilnia, and Holger Kleinke. "T-Shaped Nets of Antimony Atoms in the Binary Antimonide Hf5Sb9." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 39 (October 4, 2004): 5260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460488.

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13

Schäfer, Konrad, Birgit Gerke, Oliver Niehaus, and Rainer Pöttgen. "CeNi1-xSb1+yBi1-y Phases with ZrCuSiAs-type and CeNi1.26Sb2 with CaBe2Ge2-type Structure." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4018.

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Block- and platelet-shaped single crystals of several CeNi1-xSb1+yBi1-y phases with ZrCuSiAstype structure (space group P4=nmm) were grown from a CeNiSb precursor in bismuth fluxes. The structures of CeNiSb1.19Bi0.81, CeNi0.80Sb1.16Bi0.84 and CeNi0.75Sb1.74Bi0.26 were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The 2b nickel site can be fully or partially occupied, and the bismuth square nets show solid solutions with antimony. CaBe2Ge2-type CeNi2-xSb2 crystals occur as by-products of the crystal growth experiments. The structure of a CeNi1.26Sb2 crystal has been refined. The small difference of the compositions hamper phase analytical studies by powder X-ray diffraction. A polycrystalline CeNiSbBi sample showed Curie-Weiss behavior with an experimental magnetic moment of 2.56(1) μB per Ce atom, indicating purely trivalent cerium. No magnetic ordering is detected down to 2:5 K. A 121Sb Mössbauer spectrum showed an isomer shift of δ = -8.06(6)mms-1, substantiating the antimonide character.

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CHEN, WEIDONG, LIANGHUAN FENG, ZHI LEI, JINGQUAN ZHANG, FEFE YAO, WEI CAI, YAPING CAI, et al. "AlSb THIN FILMS PREPARED BY DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING AND ANNEALING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 14 (June 10, 2008): 2275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039447.

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Aluminum antimonide (AlSb) is thought to be a potential material for high efficiency solar cells. In this paper, AlSb thin films have been fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. The sputtering target consists of aluminum and antimony, and the area ratio of Al to Sb is 7:3, which is derived from research into the relationship between the deposition rates of both the metals and sputtering power. XRD and AFM measurements show that the as-deposited films are amorphous, but become polycrystalline with an average grain size of about 20 nm after annealing in an argon atmosphere. From optical absorption measurements of annealed AlSb films, a band gap of 1.56 eV has been demonstrated. Hall measurements show that the films are p-type semiconductors. The temperature dependence of dark conductivity tested in vacuum displays a linear lnσ to 1/T curve, which indicates a conductivity activation energy of around 0.61 eV.

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Heletta, Lukas, Theresa Block, and Rainer Pöttgen. "A structural and 121Sb Mössbauer-spectroscopic study of PrPdSb and NdPdSb." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2019-0051.

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AbstractPhase-pure samples of the antimonides PrPdSb and NdPdSb were prepared by arc-melting pieces of the elements and subsequent annealing. The samples were investigated by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction: NdPtSb type, space group P63mc, a = 458.70(5), c = 780.55(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0272, 244 F2 values, 11 variable parameters for PrPdSb and a = 458.18(4), c = 771.25(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0317, 229 F2 values, 11 variable parameters for NdPdSb. The palladium and antimony atoms form slightly puckered Pd3Sb3 hexagons which are rotated by 60° in every other layer. The rare earth (RE) atoms are coordinated by two Pd3Sb3 hexagons with the RE–Pd shorter than the RE–Sb contacts. The 121Sb Mössbauer spectra at T = 5 K confirm the antimonide character with isomer shifts of −7.55 (PrPdSb) and −7.47 mm · s−1 (NdPdSb). In agreement with the crystal structures, each spectrum could be fitted with one quadrupole split signal.

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Hoffmann, Harald M., and Martin Dräger. "Über Antimon-haltige Heterocyclen, V Antimon(III)-dithiolate mit verbrückten 5-und 8-Ringen/On Heterocyclic Systems Containing Antimony, V Antimony(III) Dithiolates with Bridged 5-and 8 -Membered Rings." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-1122.

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Abstract For diamony(III)-trisdithiolates two constitutions (bicyclic B or two bridged monocycles C) are possible. Two synthetical paths to three examples Sb2(XS2)3 with X = CH2CH2 (1), CH2CH2- O - CH2CH2 (2), CH2CH2- S - CH2CH2 (3) are reported. 13C NMR spectra in CDCl3 solution show the constitution C for 2 and 3, and a possible equilibrium C ⇌ 4:1) for 1. This corresponds to the result of a crystal structure analysis (R = 0.027). The constitution C found in solid 1 exhibits expanded coordination polyhedra around the two antimony atoms which indicate a starting point for rearrangement into the constitution B. The two bridged 5-membered rings have different conformations: envelope and half-chair.

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Alcock, S. G., M. J. Everard, C. L. Nicklin, J. S. G. Taylor, C. A. Norris, and S. L. Bennett. "An investigation of the growth and removal of protective antimony caps for antimonide epilayers." Thin Solid Films 514, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.02.083.

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Mills, Allison M., Robert Lam, and Arthur Mar. "Ternary cobalt germanium pnictides CoGexPn1-x (Pn = P, As, Sb) and the structure of Co3Ge2Sb, an intermetallic compound with stuffed Sb2 pairs." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-142.

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The ternary cobalt germanium pnictide systems CoGexPn1-x (Pn = P, As, Sb; 0 <x <1) were investigated. The ternary phosphides CoGexP1-x and arsenides CoGexAs1-x adopt the MnP structure (Pnma) in the range 0 <x <0.8, with Ge and Pn (Pn = P, As) disordering over the anion sites. Reactions in the antimonide system CoGexSb1-x result in a mixture of ternary phases, one with the NiAs structure (P63/mmm) in which Ge and Sb disorder over the anion sites, and another that is a new intermetallic compound, Co3Ge2Sb. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that Co3Ge2Sb crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6/mmm with a = 8.9128(13) Å, c = 7.6312(8) Å, and Z = 6 (T = 22°C). The structure of Co3Ge2Sb comprises alternating kagomé nets of Co atoms and 63 nets of Ge atoms, with Sb2 pairs stuffed along the centres of the concentric hexagons of these nets. Co3Ge2Sb may be regarded as an intermediate structure that is distorted from the limiting CoSn and CaCu5 structures. Key words: cobalt, germanium, antimony, pnictide, crystal structure

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Campbell, Thomas A., and Jean N. Koster. "In-situ visualization of off-stoichiometric equilibrium crystal growth within indium antimonide: antimony-rich composition." Journal of Crystal Growth 174, no. 1-4 (April 1997): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(96)01111-6.

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Nitsche, Rene, Sabine an Mey, Klaus Hack, and Philip Spencer. "A Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Copper-Antimony System / Eine thermodynamische Auswertung des Systems Kupfer-Antimon." International Journal of Materials Research 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1991-820112.

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Peric-Grujic, Aleksandra, Aleksandar Radmanovac, Aleksander Stojanov, Viktor Pocajt, and Mirjana Ristic. "The influence of pet containers on antimony concentration in bottled drinking water." Chemical Industry 64, no. 4 (2010): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100419037p.

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Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is the most frequently used catalyst in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacture. As a result, antimony is incorporated into PET bottles at concentration level of 100-300 mg/kg. PET containers are used for drinking water and beverages, as well as food packaging and in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that may influence the release of antimony from the catalysts into water and other products, since antimony is potentially toxic trace element. In this paper, the antimony content in nine brands of bottled mineral and spring water from Serbia, and seven brands of bottled mineral and spring water from EU countries was analyzed. The measurements were conducted using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. In the all examined samples the antimony concentration was bellow the maximum contaminant level of 5 ?g/L prescribed by the Serbian and EU regulations. Comparison of the content of antimony in PET bottled waters with the content of antimony in water bottled commercially in glass and the natural content of antimony in pristine groundwaters, provides explicit evidence of antimony leaching from PET containers. Since waters bottled in PET have much greater concentration ratio of Sb to Pb than corresponding pristine groundwaters, it can be assumed that bottled waters cannot be used as the relavant source for the study of the natural antimony content in groundwaters. There is a clear relation between the quality of water in bottles (composition, ion strength) and antimony leaching rate. Moreover, while the rate of antimony leaching is slow at temperatures below 60 oC, at the temperature range of 60-80 oC antimony release occurs and reaches maximum contaminant level rapidly. As antimony can cause both acute and chronic health problems, factors that promote the increase of antimony concentration should be avoided.

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Fahrenkrug, Eli, Jessica Rafson, Mitchell Lancaster, and Stephen Maldonado. "Concerted Electrodeposition and Alloying of Antimony on Indium Electrodes for Selective Formation of Crystalline Indium Antimonide." Langmuir 33, no. 37 (April 17, 2017): 9280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00645.

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Al-Namshah, Khadijah S., and Reda M. Mohamed. "Silver-Doped Antimony Trioxide Nanocomposites for the Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16654.

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A sol–gel technique was used to synthesize silver-doped antimony trioxide nanocomposites. Antimony trioxide and silver-doped antimony trioxide samples were characterized by multiple techniques. The TEM images reveal that antimony trioxide and silver-doped antimony trioxide nanocomposites have nanoparticle shapes. Antimony trioxide has a wide band gap that can be controlled by the doping of silver, and the content of doped silver plays a vital role controlling the band gap energy. The photocatalytic performance of antimony trioxide and silver-doped antimony trioxide nanocomposites was investigated via aniline preparation from the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene. The XPS results reveal that the silver is found in the metallic silver state. Silver doping improves the photocatalytic activity of antimony trioxide for the preparation of aniline. This effect can be ascribed to the narrowing of the band gap and the elongation of the lifetime for electron–hole recombination of antimony trioxide photocatalyst by silver doping. Thus, a photocatalyst with improved photocatalytic activity, limited band gap and improved e–h recombination rate was synthesized by a facile sol–gel process method.

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Jenkins, R. O., P. J. Craig, W. Goessler, and K. J. Irgolic. "Biovolatilization of antimony and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 4 (April 1998): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801700406.

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1 The aerobic filamentous fungus S. brevicaulis IMI 17297 methylated antimony from Sb2O3 substrate, with the formation of gaseous trimethylantimony (TMA). No evidence was found for the generation of other gaseous antimony compounds by this organism. 2 Biovolatilization of inorganic antimony was greatest during cultivation of the fungus on solid media at 258C, and occurred more readily from antimony (III) substrates than from antimony (V) substrates. 3 Under simulated cot environment conditions (CO2 enriched atmosphere, 338C) the fungus exhibited an altered morphology and a reduced capability to volatilize inorganic antimony from the pure compound. 4 No evidence of antimony biovolatilization from cot mattress PVC was found, unless antimony was released from PVC by heat treatment (at 80 or 1008C). 5 These data suggest that normal cot environment conditions are non-optimal for volatilization of antimony by S. brevicaulis, and that Sb2O3 in cot mattress PVC is not bioavailable. 6 Cot mattress isolates of S. brevicaulis also volatilized antimony (not encapsulated by PVC), whereas those of other filamentous fungi (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria sp.) and of bacteria (Bacillus spp.) did not. 7 The oxidation products of TMA may be the true determinants of toxicity for biogenic antimony gases produced in an aerobic environment.

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Zhao, Shu Ting, Hua Chang Li, and Ye Hong Shi. "Speciation Analysis of Antimony and Arsenic in Soil and Remediation of Antimony and Arsenic in Contaminated Soils." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.578.

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Antimony and arsenic are recognized to be toxic carcinogens. With the development of chemical industry, antimony and arsenic pollution problems are becoming more and more serious in soil. This paper described speciation analysis of antimony and arsenic in soil in the latest technical progress. Speciation analysis of arsenic and antimony which use joint techniques and non joint techniques are summarized. This paper also introduced various remediation technologies for antimony and arsenic contaminated soil. Finally, the trend for future technical development in remediation of antimony and arsenic in contaminated soils and speciation analysis is prospected.

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Xu, Jian Lin, Shu Hua Yang, Li Hui Zhang, Zhao Kang, and Qiang Guo. "The Function Mechanism of Current Density on Antimony Nanopowder Prepared by Electrochemical Method." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.639.

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The nano-antimony particles with different shape, size and stability are prepared by electrochemical method under the dilute hydrochloric acid electrolyte including the surface dispersant OP-10 and different current densities. The influences of current density on the shape and size of nanometer antimony particles prepared by electrochemical method are analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results show that nano-antimony powder can be prepared by electrochemical method, and the antimony powder possesses the crystal structure with orthorhombic hexahedron. The current density has a significant impact on the agglomeration, shape and size of antimony powder. The size and shape of antimony powder are determined by the nucleation rate of nano-antimony and combination capacity of antimony ions and OP-10 surface dispersing agents affected by current density. When the current density is 25mA/cm2, the average particle size is 12nm or so, the shape is spherical, and the nano-antimony particles are well dispersed and no agglomeration.

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Jenkins, R. O., P. J. Craig, W. Goessler, and K. J. Irgolic. "Antimony leaching from cot mattresses and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 3 (March 1998): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801700302.

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1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cot mattress covers from SIDS cases were investigated as potential sources of soluble (potentially ingestable) antimony in the cot environment. 2 Body fluids (urine, saliva) and proprietary domestic detergents/sterilizing fluids markedly enhanced leaching of antimony from PVC. Release of antimony was also enhanced at both low and high pH and by elevated temperature. The extent of antimony leaching did not correlate well with PVC content of this element. 3 These data do not support the assumption that postmortem analysis of antimony content proves exposure to gaseous antimony trihydride from mattress PVC. 4 Ingestion of antimony released from PVC could account for the high variability associated with reported detectable levels of antimony in liver from both SIDS and other infants. It could also explain suspected additional postnatal exposure to this element, which gives rise to elevated levels of Sb in the hair of some healthy infants.

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Nakamura, Yuko, and Takashi Tokunaga. "Antimony in the aquatic environment in north Kyushu district of Japan." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1996): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0611.

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In Japan, the water quality standards for items requiring surveillance for drinking water in 1992 and environmental water in 1993 stipulate that the concentration of antimony is 2 μg/l or less. Recently cases of water contamination by antimony have been reported throughout Japan. We have measured antimony concentrations in the aquatic environment in north Kyushu district of Japan by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation and found them to be in the range 0.0 to 0.8 μg/l all of which were less than the water quality standards at the present time. However, wastewater containing high concentration of antimony may contaminate aquatic environment in future. Studies have since been carried out to remove antimony from polluted wastewater. We tried to use ferric chloride as coagulant and dechlorination tap water containing approximately 10 μg/l antimony as the sample solution. Of the sample solution, pH of which was 7 - 8 and included the ferric chloride, pH was controlled by adding either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The efficiency of removal of antimony reached a maximum at pH 4.0 - 5.5. When ferric chloride concentration was more than 30 mg/l at pH 4.5, 80 - 90% antimony was removed. However, when the original antimony concentration was 250 μg/l, up to 200 mg/l ferric chloride had to be added. Therefore, from water originally polluted by antimony at concentrations of 2 - 250 μg/l, almost complete removal of antimony is expected by adding ferric chloride to become 200 mg/l and adjusting the pH to 4.5.

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Bennett, William W., Kerstin Hockmann, Scott G. Johnston, and Edward D. Burton. "Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals antimony sequestration by reduced sulfur in a freshwater wetland sediment." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 6 (2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16198.

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Environmental contextAntimony is an environmental contaminant of increasing concern, due to its growing industrial usage in flame retardants, lead alloys, glass, ceramics and plastics. Here we show, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, that antimony may be trapped in wetland sediments by reduced sulfur. This finding has implications for the management and remediation of wetlands contaminated with antimony. AbstractThe biogeochemistry of antimony (Sb) in wetland sediments is poorly characterised, despite their importance as contaminant sinks. The organic-rich, reducing nature of wetland sediments may facilitate sequestration mechanisms that are not typically present in oxic soils, where the majority of research to date has taken place. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we present evidence of antimony speciation being dominated by secondary antimony–sulfur phases in a wetland sediment. Our results demonstrate that, by incorporating a newly developed SbIII–organic sulfur reference standard, linear combination fitting analysis of antimony K-edge XAS spectra and robust statistical assessment of fit quality allows the reliable discrimination of SbIII coordination environments. We found that a contaminated wetland sediment in New South Wales, Australia, contained 57% of the total antimony as SbIII–phases, with 44% present as a highly-disordered antimony phase, likely consisting of SbIII complexed by organic sulfur (e.g. thiols) or an amorphous SbIII sulfide (e.g. SbS3). The methodological approach outlined in this study and our identification of the importance of reduced sulfur in sequestering antimony has implications for future research in the area of antimony biogeochemistry, and for the management of both natural and artificial wetlands contaminated with antimony.

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Hureiki, Lina, and Youssef Mouneimne. "Antimony release in PET bottled natural water in Lebanon." Water Supply 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.128.

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Antimony (Sb) leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottling material was assessed in eight registered Lebanese brands of bottled natural water as a function of contact time. The study was performed indoors at 22 °C in the dark and outdoors at a maximum temperature of 45 °C under sunlight. The leached antimony concentration increased with contact time for all of the studied brands except one. The antimony concentration reached 5.5 μg/L after 544 days of contact time with PET packaging. Small bottles with large contact surface area had higher antimony concentration. However, outdoor storage under sunlight at temperatures below 45 °C did not reveal a significant effect on antimony release. Among some physico-chemical parameters studied (pH, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate), only calcium concentration showed a significant effect on antimony release. The rate of antimony leaching, normalized to the surface to volume ratio of the water bottle, fits the exponential model Sb/(S/V) = 0.562e0.0041t, with R2 = 0.87. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis of the different PET packaging material showed an antimony concentration between 80.6 and 352.7 mg Sb/kg PET.

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Xu, Jian Lin, Liang Zhang, Qiang Guo, Sheng Gang Zhou, and Chong Feng. "Research on the Preparation of Antimony Nanoparticles by Mechanical Ball Milling." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.244.

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Taking antimony powder with 75μm of average particle size as raw material, the antimony nanoparticles were synthesized by mechanical ball milling. Crystalline structure, morphology and particle size of the antimony nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. The effect of milling mediums and ball milling speed on results antimony nanoparticles were studied using dry grinding and wet grinding methods. The results show that the antimony nanoparticles can be prepared successfully by wet process of ball milling. When the ball milling speed is 150 r/min and the milling mediums is a composites of distilled water and OP-10, the best antimony nanoparticles were prepared, which is high dispersibility and the average particle size is 10 nm.

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32

Mishraa, Ratikanta, Rainer Pöttgen, Rolf-Dieter Hoffmann, Thomas Fickenscher, Marcus Eschen, Henning Trill, and Bernd D. Mosel. "Ternary Antimonides YbTSb (T = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) – Synthesis, Structure, Homogeneity Ranges, and 121Sb Mössbauer Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-1105.

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The ternary antimonides YbTSb (T = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) were synthesized by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in a high-frequency furnace. The structures of YbCuSb (NdPtSb type), YbAgSb (TiNiSi type), and YbAuSb (NdPtSb type) were confirmed on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction data. Those of the nickel, palladium, and platinum based antimonides (cubic MgAgAs type) were refined from single crystal X-ray data. The nickel based antimonide has a pronounced homogeneity range YbNixSb. The structures of five crystals have been investigated. The cubic lattice parameter increases with increasing nickel content from 613.13(6) pm(x = 0.17) to 621.25(5) pm (x = 0.63). Full occupancy of the palladium and antimony sites was observed for YbPdSb while the platinum compound shows some platinum vacancies leading to the composition YbPt0.969(7)Sb for the investigated crystal. A new, hightemperature modification of YbPdSb was obtained by rapidly quenching an arc-melted sample: TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 725.6(2), b = 458.3(1), c = 785.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.1255, 421 F2 values, 20 variables. The antimonides YbTSb (T = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) show single 121Sb Mössbauer signals at isomer shifts ranging from -7.34 to -7.82 mm/s. The crystal chemistry and chemical bonding of these antimonides is discussed.

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33

Saeidnia, Setareh, Gholamreza Asadollahfardi, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban, and Mehdi Mohseni. "Simulation of antimony adsorption on nano-zero valent iron and kaolinite and analyzing the influencing parameters." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 10 (February 27, 2016): 2493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.100.

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Antimony is one of the most toxic pollutants in industrial and mineral wastewaters threatening the life of humans and other creatures. We simulated the adsorption of antimony in the presence of nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) adsorbent, on kaolinite and in the presence of nZVI coated on kaolinite from mineral wastewater using VISUAL MINTEQ 3.1 software. Our aim was to determine the factors affecting the adsorption of antimony by applying simulation. The simulation was performed using an adsorption model of a diffuse layer model. The results of the simulation indicated that the nZVI concentration, initial concentrations of antimony and pH factor are effective on the adsorption of antimony. In the conducted stimulation, the optimum pH was 2–5 and the highest adsorption occurred in an acidic state. With increasing initial concentrations of antimony in the simulation, we concluded that nZVI had absorbed various concentrations above 90% and, by increasing the concentration of nZVI, antimony adsorption rate increased. The increased surface area of nZVI and the expansion of more interchangeable surfaces available for reaction with antimony ions causes more antimony ions to be adsorbed. In all cases, the coefficient of determination between the laboratory results and the model predictions that was obtained was more than 0.9.

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Chen, Lan Li, Bao Gai Zhai, and Yuan Ming Huang. "Blue Photoluminescence of Sol-Gel Derived SnO₂:Sb Films." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.280.

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By varying the antimony dopant level in the sol-gel solutions, we prepared a series of antimony-doped SnO2 films on slide glass with the sol-gel technique. The transmission, absorption, photoexcitation and photoemission spectra were measured for the sol-gel derived antimony-doped SnO2 films. Under the 300 nm excitation, near untraviolet emission at 390nm and blue emission at 460 nm were recorded from thermally annealed antimony-doped SnO2 films. The effect of the ionic dopant on the photoluminescent properties of the antimony-doped SnO2 films are discussed.

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35

Yadav, Ram Nath Prasad. "Antimony(V) as Acceptors." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 5 (September 30, 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v5i0.15850.

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Lewis acidity of antimony(V) pentahalides and their organo substituted derivatives is well known. SbX5 acts as a strong acceptor towards halide ion as compared to antimony trihalide due to presence of two more electronegative halogen atoms in antimony pentahalide makes it better acceptor. Hexacoordinated organoantimony(V) complexes including chelating ligands are also known and hexacoordination and heptacoordination environment have been suggested for such compounds. The substitution of hydrocarbon groups bound to antimony by trifluoromethyl or pentafluorophenyl groups enhances the Lewis acidity of antimony facilitating the formation of neutral adducts. Such properties have mainly been investigated with organoantimoy(V) halides. As expected successive replacement of an organic group by halogen atom increases acceptor strength of antimony(V) compounds.Academic Voices Vol.5 2015: 34-39

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36

Ren, Bozhi, Yingying Zhou, Andrew S. Hursthouse, and Renjian Deng. "Research on the Characteristics and Mechanism of the Cumulative Release of Antimony from an Antimony Smelting Slag Stacking Area under Rainfall Leaching." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7206876.

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We aimed to study the characteristics and the mechanism of the cumulative release of antimony at an antimony smelting slag stacking area in southern China. A series of dynamic and static leaching experiments to simulate the effects of rainfall were carried out. The results showed that the release of antimony from smelting slag increased with a decrease in the solid-liquid ratio, and the maximum accumulated release was found to be 42.13 mg Sb/kg waste and 34.26 mg Sb/kg waste with a solid/liquid ratio of 1 : 20; the maximum amount of antimony was released within 149–420 μm size fraction with 7.09 mg/L of the cumulative leaching. Also, the antimony release was the greatest and most rapid at pH 7.0 with the minimum release found at pH 4.0. With an increase in rainfall duration, the antimony release increased. The influence of variation in rainfall intensity on the release of antimony from smelting slag was small.

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37

Sarangi, Chinmaya Kumar, Ayonbala Baral, Jayasmita Panigrahi, Kali Sanjay, Tondepu Subbaiah, and Barada Kanta Mishra. "Electro-Crystallization of Antimony from Acidic and Alkaline Baths in Diaphragm-Less Cell." Advanced Materials Research 828 (November 2013): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.828.65.

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Studies based on electrocrystallization of antimony were carried out to evaluate the effects of current density and antimony concentration in the electrolytic bath on cathodic current efficiency, energy consumption, and quality of the deposits during electrowinning of antimony from Sb2O3-HCl and Sb2S3-NaOH systems. In acidic bath, current efficiency for electrodeposition of antimony increases with the increase in current density till 150 A/m2, beyond which it follows a trend of gradual diminution. On varying antimony concentration in the bath, current efficiency was found to improve significantly and the optimum antimony concentration in Sb2O3-HCl system was evaluated to be about 60 g/L. In alkaline bath, current efficiency was observed to be maximum at 50 A/m2and further, with the increase in current density it progressively decreases. However, energy consumption for electrowinning of antimony in both of the baths gradually increases with the increase in current density. At a current density less than 150 A/m2, alkaline bath was found to be more current efficient in comparison to the acidic bath. Crystallographic studies by XRD, imaging by optical microscopic technique and morphological studies by SEM were also carried out to differentiate antimony deposits obtained from acidic and alkaline baths.

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Ye, L. G., C. B. Tang, S. H. Yang, Y. M. Chen, and W. H. Zhang. "Removal of lead from crude antimony by using NaPo3 as lead elimination reagent." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 1 (2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb130904011y.

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In order to solve the shortcomings when removing lead from crude antimony in the traditional antimony smelting, a new process was provided using NaPO3 as lead elimination reagent to yield phosphate slag, and it was removed by floating on the surface of the liquid antimony. Reaction mechanism was clarified by using the TG-DTA and XRD techniques and single factor experiments of removal lead from crude antimony were engaged. The results show that PbO and NaPO3 begin endothermic reaction at 863K (590?C), and the reaction mainly form NaPb4(PO4)3 and NaPbPO4 below 1123K (850?C) and above 1123K (850?C), respectively. Sb2O3 and NaPO3 start the reaction at 773K (500?C) and generate an antimonic salt compound. The reaction product of the mixture of PbO, Sb2O3 and NaPO3 show that NaPO3 reacted with PbO prior when NaPO3 was insufficient, amorphous antimony glass will be generated only when NaPO3 was adequate. Single factor experiments were taken with NaNO3 as oxidizing agent under argon, effect of reaction time, reaction temperature and dosage of NaPO3 and NaNO3 on smelting results. The average content of lead in refined antimony was 0.05340% and 98.85% of lead were removed under optimal conditions; the content of lead in antimony have meet the requirements of commercial antimony.

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Xu, Jian Lin, Jia Wang, Li Hui Zhang, Lei Niu, Jian Bin Zhang, Fen Ran, and Xiao Bin Yan. "The Preparation of Size-Controlled Antimony Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.716.

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This paper prepared some antimony nanoparticles with different particle size by electrochemical method. A method of preparing size-controlled antimony nanoparticles was established in the hydrochloric acid solution, which alkyphenol ethoxylates emulsifier was used as surface dispersants by electrochemical technology based on the optimization of the preparation technology. Those obtained antimony nanoparticles was characterized and analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experiment results show that alkyphenol ethoxylates emulsifier can effectively coat on the surface of antimony nanoparticles, current density and electrolysis time have an important influence on the particle size of those obtained antimony nanoparticles. When the current density is 25mA/cm2 and electrolysis time is 30minutes, spherical antimony nanoparticles with an average diameter of 12nm and good dispersion can be prepared.

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Li, Na, Li Xiang, and Pei Zhao. "Effect of Antimony on the Structure, Texture and Magnetic Properties of High Efficiency Non-Oriented Electrical Steel." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.435.

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The effect of antimony on the structure, texture and magnetic properties of high efficiency non-oriented electrical steel were investigated. The results showed that antimony played an important role on inhibiting the grain growth and enhancing the fraction of favorable texture in the annealed steels. With the increase of antimony content, core loss of specimens monotonously increased and the magnetic flux density increased firstly and then decreased. The magnetic properties of specimen results showed that the magnetic flux density in the steel with 0.12% antimony reached the maximum value, while the core loss didn’t increase obviously. However, when the antimony content in steel reached 0.22%, the magnetic properties deteriorated significantly. This is maybe that the addition of antimony in steels inhibited the development of {111} texture content and increased the intensity of Goss and {100} texture on the grain boundary.

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You, Xiaomin, Yang Xiao, Kang Liu, Yanqiu Yu, Yiyi Liu, Pinpin Long, Hao Wang, et al. "Association of plasma antimony concentration with markers of liver function in Chinese adults." Environmental Chemistry 17, no. 4 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19195.

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Environmental contextAntimony pollution has become a global issue given its wide distribution in the environment and its potential threat to human health. This large population-based study demonstrated that exposure to high levels of antimony may impair liver function in adults. The study highlights the potential hazard to liver function of antimony exposure, and provides convincing evidence of the need to monitor and control antimony exposure in the prevention of liver dysfunction. AbstractThe association of antimony exposure with serum liver enzymes and bilirubin levels remains unknown. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the associations of the plasma antimony concentration with serum liver enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and bilirubin [total (TBil), direct (DBil) and indirect bilirubin (IBil)] levels among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. A total of 4733 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and chronic hepatitis at the baseline survey (2008–2010) of the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort were included in the current study. We measured the baseline plasma antimony concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the serum liver enzymes and bilirubin levels at the resurvey visit (2013) by using an automatic analyser. In the fully adjusted generalised linear models, we observed that an increased plasma antimony concentration was significantly associated with higher bilirubin levels. Moreover, we found that plasma antimony was positively associated with the elevation of DBil (≥7.0μmolL−1), where the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the extreme tertiles was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.70, P trend=0.01). Spline regression analyses indicated that the plasma antimony concentration was linearly associated with the elevation of TBil and DBil (overall P=0.004 and P=0.002 respectively). Our study suggested that exposure to high levels of antimony may impair liver function in adults. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings in other populations.

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Li, Jingxin, Qian Wang, Ronald S. Oremland, Thomas R. Kulp, Christopher Rensing, and Gejiao Wang. "Microbial Antimony Biogeochemistry: Enzymes, Regulation, and Related Metabolic Pathways." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 18 (June 24, 2016): 5482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01375-16.

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ABSTRACTAntimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid that occurs widely at trace concentrations in soil, aquatic systems, and the atmosphere. Nowadays, with the development of its new industrial applications and the corresponding expansion of antimony mining activities, the phenomenon of antimony pollution has become an increasingly serious concern. In recent years, research interest in Sb has been growing and reflects a fundamental scientific concern regarding Sb in the environment. In this review, we summarize the recent research on bacterial antimony transformations, especially those regarding antimony uptake, efflux, antimonite oxidation, and antimonate reduction. We conclude that our current understanding of antimony biochemistry and biogeochemistry is roughly equivalent to where that of arsenic was some 20 years ago. This portends the possibility of future discoveries with regard to the ability of microorganisms to conserve energy for their growth from antimony redox reactions and the isolation of new species of “antimonotrophs.”

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43

Ciszewski, Mateusz, Andrzej Mianowski, Ginter Nawrat, and Piotr Szatkowski. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Antimony Species for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes." ISRN Electrochemistry 2014 (March 5, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/826832.

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Antimony species was chemically anchored on graphene oxide using antimony (III) chloride precursor and then converted to the reduced graphene oxide-antimony species composite by a well-established polyol method. The resultant composite was successfully used as supercapacitor electrodes in a two-electrode symmetric system with aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance calculated from the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves obtained for this composite was 289 F/g. The enhanced capacitance results were confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The high capacitance of the reduced graphene oxide-antimony species composite arises from the combination of double-layer charging and pseudocapacitance caused by the Faradaic reactions of the intercalated antimony species and residual surface-bonded functional groups.

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44

Chen, Shan, Guo Ming Li, Xiao Yan Wang, and Xue Qun Chen. "Effect of Antimony on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel in Acid Solution with High Chloride Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 577 (October 2012): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.109.

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This study focused on the effect of antimony on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel using electrochemical techniques such as dynamic scanning and EIS and immersion test in an acid solution with high chloride concentration. The potentiodynamic test showed the anodic and cathodic corrosion behavior of all specimens and the corrosion rate decreased with increasing antimony addition. EIS showed that the antimony-containing steels had higher rust layer resistance. These test results showed the addition of antimony was convenient to the enhancement of corrosion resistance of the steel in the acid solution with high chloride concentration. The tests proved that the content of antimony controlled to 0.12% in the steel showed the best corrosion resistance.

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Svobodova, J., J. Cais, and V. Weiss. "The Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of the Al-Si Alloys Antimony Alloyed." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0028.

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Abstract This paper deals with the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloys alloyed with the different amount of antimony. Specifically it goes about the alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 which is antimony alloyed in the concentrations 0; 0,001; 0,005; 0,01 a 0,05 wt. % of antimony. The introduction of the paper is dedicated to the theory of the aluminium alloys corrosion resistance, testing and evaluation of the corrosion resistance. The influence of the antimony to the Al-Si alloys properties is described further in the introduction. The experimental part describes the experimental samples which were prepared for the experiment and further they were exposed to the loading in the atmospheric conditions for a period of the 3 months. The experimental samples were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The results of the experiment were documented and the conclusions in terms of the antimony impact to the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloy were concluded. There was compared the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloy antimony alloyed (with the different antimony content) with the results of the Al-Si alloy without the alloying after the corrosion load in the atmospheric conditions in the experiment.

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46

Soflaei, Saied, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mojtaba Shakibaie, Ahmad Reza Shahverdi, and Mohsen Shafiepour. "In VitroAntiparasitic and Apoptotic Effects of Antimony Sulfide Nanoparticles onLeishmania infantum." Journal of Parasitology Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/756568.

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Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most important sever diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. In the present study the effects of antimony sulfide nanoparticles onLeishmania infantum in vitrowere evaluated. Antimony sulfide NPs (Sb2S5) were synthesized by biological method fromSerratia marcescensbacteria. Then the cytotoxicity effects of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) of this nanoparticle were assessed on promastigote and amastigote stages ofL. infantum. MTT method was used for verification results of promastigote assay. Finally, the percentages of apoptotic, necrotic, and viable cells were determined by flow cytometry. The results indicated the positive effectiveness of antimony sulfide NPs on proliferation of promastigote form. The IC50(50% inhibitory concentration) of antimony sulfide NPs on promastigotes was calculated 50 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity effect was dose-dependent means by increasing the concentration of antimony sulfide NPs, the cytotoxicity curve was raised and the viability curve of the parasite dropped simultaneously. Moreover, the IC50of antimony sulfide NPs on amastigote stage was calculated 25 μg/mL. On the other hand, however, antimony sulfide NPs have a low cytotoxicity effect on uninfected macrophages but it can induce apoptosis in promastigote stage at 3 of 4 concentrations.

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47

Tamás, Markus J. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of antimony transport, toxicity and resistance." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 6 (2016): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16075.

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Environmental contextAntimony is a toxic metalloid that is used in a wide range of modern technology applications and in medical treatments. The accelerating needs for antimony in various industrial applications has led to concerns about increased human and environmental exposure. This review provides a brief summary of the biological properties of antimony and its mechanisms of actions in cells. AbstractAntimony is a toxic metalloid that is naturally present in low amounts in the environment, but can locally reach high concentrations at mining and processing sites. Today, antimony is used in a wide range of modern technology applications and is also an important constituent of pharmacological drugs. The increasing use of antimony has led to concerns about human and environmental exposure. Yet little is known about the biological properties of antimony and its mechanisms of actions in cells. This review will provide a brief summary of how antimony enters and affects cells, and how cells deal with the presence of this metalloid to acquire resistance.

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Ren, Dingkun, Alan C. Farrell, and Diana L. Huffaker. "Selective-area InAsSb Nanowires on InP for 3 – 5 μm Mid-wavelength Infrared Optoelectronics." MRS Advances 2, no. 58-59 (2017): 3565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.365.

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ABSTRACT We demonstrate high vertical yield InAs1-xSbx (0 < x ≤ 0.18) nanowire arrays grown on InP (111)B substrates by calalyst-free selective-area metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. High antimony composition is achieved by pulsing the arsenic flow to reduce the effective arsenic partial pressure while keeping the antimony partial pressure fixed. This increases the antimony vapor phase composition while allowing the antimony partial pressure to be kept low enough to avoid antimony condensation on the growth mask. InAsSb nanowire arrays show strong emission by photoluminescence at 77 K, covering a wavelength range of 3.77 – 5.08 μm. These results pave the way to engineering optical properties and enabling hybrid integration for nanoscale mid-wavelength infrared optical devices.

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Tang, Hua Juan. "A Free-Lead and Cadmium of Antimony Ruby Glass Composition and its Preparation Method." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2158.

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The antimony ruby glass is prepared by soda-lime silica system as matrix composition which coefficient of linear expansion is appropriate for the ordinary glassware.UV-VIS spectrometer is used to measure the transmittance curves of various amount Sb2O3 glasses Relation between amount Sb2O3 and transmittance of antimony glasses are investigated which indicates that the tSuperscript textransmittance of antimony glass becomes lower with Sb2O3 amount increasing. Comparing un-treatment with heat treatment antimony glass, the dominate wavelength moves toward the red wavelength and the pure color increases.

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Jia, Miao, Ji Wei Hu, Jin Luo, Su Ming Duan, Zhi Bin Li, and Chun Liu. "Comparison Study on Adsorption and Removal of Antimony from Acidic Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbons and Machine-Made Charcoal." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1600–1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1600.

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Adsorption effects of three kinds of activated carbons and a type of machine-made charcoal on the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution were investigated and compared. With an initial antimony solution concentration of 1000 μgL-1, the antimony adsorption by selected adsorbents were found to descend in the following order: machine-made charcoal (52.4%) > coconut activated carbon (42.6%) > coal based activated carbon (31.1%) > apricot stone based activated carbon (24.6%). The machine-made charcoal has the best adsorption capacity with a maximum adsorption values of 523.76 μgL-1. Five kinetic models were used for the fitting of the process of antimony adsorption, including Elovich, parabola diffusion, second order, first order and double-constant. Results showed that parabola diffusion and double-constant rate equation were the most suitable models in describing the relationship of antimony adsorption with time in acidic aqueous solution, implying that the adsorption kinetics of the antimony by the selected adsorbents in water might be a surface diffusion. Three adsorptive capacity indicators (iodine number, methylene blue number and phenol number) were determined in this paper. However, machine-made charcoal, which has a relatively high adsorption capacity, is of the lowest levels of the adsorptive capacity indicators. Thus, some complex mechanisms might be involved for the antimony adsorption by the machine-made charcoal, consequently considering the mechanism for the adsorption of antimony by the charcoal has not been verified, a further study still needs to be done.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antimode'

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