Journal articles: 'Antimony ores'

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Malyutina, A. V., Yu O. Redin, A. S. Gibsher, and V. P. Mokrushnikov. "SPATIOTEMPORAL AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GOLD ORE AND MERCURY-ANTIMONY MINERALIZATION AT THE HG-SB-GOLD-BEARINGCHAUVAI DEPOSIT (KIRGHIZIA): GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY OF ORES AND FEATURES OF HYDROTHERMAL-METASOMATIC PROCESSES." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 3 (2021): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2021-3-61-82.

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The Chauvai Hg-Sb deposit is a striking example of combining two contrasting types of mineralization in space: mercury-antimony and gold ones. The article studies the spatial-temporal and genetic relationships of goldore and mercury-antimony mineralization based on a complex of both traditional geological and mineralogicalgeochemical methods, as well as modern instrumental methods for analyzing the mineral composition. Two types of ores with clear structural confinedness have been found at the deposit: a) mercury-antimonic (cinnabarantimonite) ores, associated with jasperoid breccias and manifested exclusively along the tectonic contact of limestone of the Alai section and terrigenous rocks of the Tolubai Formation, and b) gold- sulphide (arsenopyritepyritic) ores, localized in slightly modified carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Tolubai Formation, overlying the plane of tectonic contact. Ore formation occurred during the following stages: in the late diagenetic, without interruption passing into the catagenetic-hydrothermal, characterized by the formation of gold mineralization, and then in the later hydrothermal-telethermal, characterized by the development of Hg-Sb mineralization. It is established that the main carrying agent of invisible gold (“invisible gold”) in ores is framboidal and idiomorphic pyrite and, especially, its high-arsenic varieties. A set of conducted studies has shown that the gold ore and mercury-antimony mineralization is broken in time and is genetically associated with various hydrothermalmetasomatic processes, and the Chauvai deposit can be classified as a Carlin-like type.

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Asanalieva, Zh. "Energy-efficient Non-autoclave Aerated Concrete Based on Local Silica Raw Materials From Production Wastes." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/83/27.

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Presents the results of studies (research) on the use of silica raw materials from the production waste of refinement tailings of antimony ores (or antimony ores refinement tailings) and basalt fiber waste, their influence on the quality characteristics of non-autoclave aerated concrete.

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Stepanov, Vitali. "On the gold content in the antimony and mercury mineralization in Priamurye." Ores and metals, no. 1 (April 7, 2023): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2023-10004.

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The data on the geological and structural position, composition of metasomatites, ores, and gold content of antimony and mercury deposits and occurrences of the Priamursky gold-bearing area are presented. It was established that the ores of many of them contain native gold, whose concentration reaches commercial values. Some of the gold-bearing antimony and mercury deposits serve as sources of the formation of gold placers. By the composition of ores, near-ore metasomatites and samples of native gold, the analogues of these deposits and occurrences are the famous gold deposits of Yakutia - Sarylakh of the gold-antimony formation and Kyuchus of the gold-mercury formation. It is recommended to audit a number of mercury and antimony deposits and occurrences in the Priamursky province for gold. As a result, it is expected to identify deposits of gold-antimony and gold-and-mercury formation. In addition, occurrences of antimony and mercury may be indicative of the presence of gold-sulfide formation deposits in the bedrock, similar to a large deposit Mayskoye (Chukotka).

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Rakhmatullaeva, Nargiza, Anvar Giyasov, Sunnat Aliev, Sarvar Obloberdiev, Oybek Bakhtiyorov, Muhiddin Kholov, Yorkinjon Ergashev, and Sadritdin Turabdjanov. "Extracting photometric determination of antimony with 5–pyridylazo–2–monoethylaminoparacresol (PAAC)." E3S Web of Conferences 497 (2024): 03040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449703040.

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The developed extraction-spectrophotometric method for the determination of antimony utilizing 5-(pyridylazo)-2-monoethylaminoparacresol (PAAC) stands out for its selectivity, sensitivity, and rapidity. This method proves to be effective in the determination of antimony in various complex matrices, including model solutions of silicate rocks and ores. The robustness of the method is evident as it successfully analyzes these samples without the need for preliminary separation of accompanying elements. PAAC is chosen as the complexing agent for antimony. Its selectivity and sensitivity contribute to the precision of the method. The method involves an extraction step, likely utilizing a suitable organic solvent, to selectively extract the antimony-PAAC complex from the sample matrix. The concentration of antimony in the extracted complex is determined spectrophotometrically. This involves measuring the absorbance of the complex at a specific wavelength, typically chosen based on the characteristics of the PAAC-antimony complex. The method is validated by analyzing model solutions of silicate rocks and ores. This step assesses the applicability and accuracy of the method in samples that simulate real-world conditions. The method demonstrates a reproducibility of 2-5%, indicating its reliability and precision across multiple analyses. The developed method is recommended for the analysis of chemically complex materials such as industrial wastewater, ores, concentrates, and rocks.

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Vakh, A. S., O. V. Avchenko, V. I. Gvozdev, N. A. Goryachev, А. А. Karabtsov, and E. A. Vakh. "Minerals of the Pb-As-Sb-S и Cu-Pb-As-Sb-S systems in the ores of berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit (Upper Amur region, Russia)." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 3 (June 19, 2019): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-777061364-84.

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Composition and genesis of arsenium-antimony sulfosalts of lead from the gold-bearing ores of the Berezitovoe deposit located in the eastern part of Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt (Upper Amur Area) were considered. Lead sulfosalts (Cu and Pb) are presented by tsugaruite, dufrenoysite, boulangerite, menehinite, bismuthic menehinite (with Bi up to 11.5 mass%), as well as minerals of jordanite-geocronite and bournonite-seligmannite series. The studies have revealed basic features of the lead sulfosalts relationship with ore and silicate minerals in different mineral association of vain ores and regularities in their composition variations. It was found that the composite arsenium-antimony sulfosalts form quasicontinuous series of solid compounds strongly differing from each other by the rate of semimetals as well as semimetals-Pb ratio in their composition. The suggestion has been made that the main typomorphic features of composition of the arsenium-antimony sulfosalts of lead from ores of the Berezitovoe deposit were determined by the specific processes of partial melting of sulfides under the high temperature metamorphism of primary polymetallic ores.

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Solozhenkin, P. M., and A. N. Alekseev. "Innovative Processing and Hydrometallurgical Treatment Methods for Complex Antimony Ores and Concentrates. Part II: Hydrometallurgy of Complex Antimony Ores." Journal of Mining Science 46, no. 4 (July 2010): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-010-0056-z.

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Su, Yue, Xiaoming Sun, and Zhengpeng Ding. "The Solubility of Antimony (Sb) in Liquid Hydrocarbons and Its Implication for the Ore-Forming Process of Orogenic Antimony-Gold Deposits in Southern Tibet." Minerals 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2024): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14020141.

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Orogenic antimony-gold deposits contribute significantly to the global antimony resource base. China’s orogenic antimony-gold deposits are primarily in southern Tibet. Investigations indicate that antimony combines and migrates with sulfur hydroxides in ore-forming fluids. Previous research on fluid inclusions in orogenic antimony-gold ores with sedimentary rock accommodation revealed the presence of organic inclusions, including liquid hydrocarbons, alongside common components such as CO2, H2O, CH4, and NaCl. However, the impact of liquid hydrocarbons on antimony migration and mineralization is still debatable. To investigate the transportability of antimony by liquid hydrocarbons in orogenic antimony ores, we selected n-dodecanethiol and n-dodecane as the subjects. We measured the solubility and occurrence form of antimony in these compounds at various temperatures and durations. The results indicate that after 5 and 10 days of reaction at 100 °C, the antimony concentrations in the n-dodecanethiol and n-dodecane groups were 67.44 ± 7.62 ppm, 75.15 ± 16.74 ppm, 1.40 ± 1.02 ppm, and 3.02 ± 3.09 ppm, respectively. At 150 °C for 5 and 10 days, the respective concentrations were 50.58 ± 5.39 ppm, 77.26 ± 45.20 ppm, 2.66 ± 3.08 ppm, and 2.41 ± 2.03 ppm. At 200 °C for 5 and 10 days, the corresponding concentrations were 339.76 ± 71.94 ppm, 218.97 ± 25.03 ppm and 6.53 ± 7.17 ppm, 2.27 ± 0.82 ppm (n = 3). The measured solubility of antimony in the n-dodecanethiol group increased gradually with rising temperature. The solubility of antimony in the n-dodecane group was low and notably inferior to that observed in the n-dodecanethiol group. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated a distinct thiol (R-SH) peak at 163.31 eV and compound peaks of antimony reacting with thiols at 162.06 and 160.87 eV. This suggests that antimony predominantly forms complexes with thiols for migration. Our findings suggest that specific liquid hydrocarbon components, predominantly thiols, can interact with antimony at metallogenic temperatures and persist in ore-forming fluids, facilitating migration and mineral enrichment. Earlier experimental studies on gold and crude oil have indicated that liquid hydrocarbons also play an essential role in the transportation and enrichment of gold during the formation of gold deposits, thus indicating that liquid hydrocarbons possess the considerable potential to act as an ore-forming fluid during orogenic antimony-gold deposit formation in southern Tibet.

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8

Tzamos, Evangelos, Platon N. Gamaletsos, Giovanni Grieco, Micol Bussolesi, Anthimos Xenidis, Anastasios Zouboulis, Dimitrios Dimitriadis, Yiannis Pontikes, and Athanasios Godelitsas. "New Insights into the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sb Ores from Greece." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030236.

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Antimony is a common metalloid occurring in the form of Sb-sulfides and sulfosalts, in various base and noble metal deposits. It is also present in corresponding metallurgical products (concentrates) and, although antimony has been considered a penalty element in the past, recently it has gained interest due to its classification as a critical raw material (CRM) by the European Union (EU). In the frame of the present paper, representative ore samples from the main Sb-bearing deposits of Greece (Kilkis prefecture, Chalkidiki prefecture (Kassandra Mines), and Chios Isl.) have been investigated. According to optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) data, the Greek ores contain stibnite (Sb2S3), boulangerite (Pb5Sb4S11), bournonite (PbCuSbS3), bertherite (FeSbS4), and valentinite (Sb2O3). Bulk analyses by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) confirmed, for the first time published, the presence of a significant Hg content in the Kilkis Sb-ore. Furthermore, Kassandra Mines ores are found to contain remarkable amounts of Bi, As, Sn, Tl, and Se (excluding Ag, which is a bonus element). The above findings could contribute to potential future exploration and exploitation of Sb ores in Greece.

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Hu, Xingyun, Xuejun Guo, Mengchang He, and Sisi Li. "pH-dependent release characteristics of antimony and arsenic from typical antimony-bearing ores." Journal of Environmental Sciences 44 (June 2016): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.003.

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Mikheev, G. V., and S. A. Bogidaev. "Flotation enrichment of antimony ore using the environmentally friendly reagent-collector KCSb." XXI Century. Technosphere Safety 6, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2021-2-221-228.

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The problems of extraction and processing of antimony ores are analyzed. The reagent-collector of oxide forms of antimony KCSb is described. It is used to develop operating parameters of the flotation concentration of ore at the Zhipkhosha deposit. The semi-industrial model experiments identified that KCSb is more efficient thatn other known reagents used to enrich antimony oxides. The operating technological conditions of the flotation process were optimized; the use of a collecting reagent indicates the expediency and effectiveness of its use. This fact was confirmed by technical and economic calculations, according to which the profit was up to 30 million rubles per 1 million of processed ore per year. An increase in the resulting product in the form of concentrate was 700–800 tons with 32–36% antimony content, which corresponds to the KSUF-3. This method can be used by antimony deposits containing oxide minerals (10% or more).

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Serafimovskiy, T., A. V. Volkov, T. Georgevich, G. Tasev, D. Serafimovskiy, K. Yu Murashov, and L. Georgiev. "Sb-As LOJAN DEPOSIT (REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA): ORE TYPES, CONDITIONS OF ORE TYPES LOCALIZATION AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES." Геология рудных месторождений 65, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016777023040056.

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This article discusses the results of comprehensive studies of Sb-As ores of the Lojan deposit, located in the north-east of the Republic of North Macedonia (RSM), near the border with Serbia. 5 types of Sb-As ores have been identified: breccated realgar-auripigment ores, realgar breccias, breccated antimonite ores, massive, almost monomineral realgar ores, as well as realgar-antimonite nest-shaped ores. The ores are characterized not only by an unusual paragenesis of nickel, arsenic and antimony minerals, but also by a very close fusion of antimonite, realgar and collomorphic quartz. A wide range of elements in ores (As, Sb, Cr, Ti, Mn, Ni, Mo, Co, Ag, Tl, U, etc.) is apparently due to the combination of mineralization in ores of several different-time parageneses. As a result of thermometric studies of fluid inclusions in quartz, Thom vary from 180 OC to 220 OC (the average value is 201 OC). Studies of the isotopic composition of sulfur in antimonite and realgar have shown rather narrow ranges of δ34S values from -5.19 to -0.26 and from -4.80 to 1.92, respectively, which indicates an endogenous source of sulfur. The results obtained allow us to attribute the Lojan deposit to the epithermal class

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Kemkina, Raisa A., and Igor' V. Kemkin. "Mineral composition of Albazinskoe deposit ores as an indicator of its belonging to the gold-rare metallic ore-formational type." Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 3 (November 29, 2022): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n3.71479.

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The paper presents new data on mineral composition and geochemical peculiarities of ores from the Albazinskoe gold-bearing deposit (Khabarovsk region, Far East of Russia). Excepting earlier known ore minerals represented by sulfides of iron, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper, authors have established about two tens of ore minerals, new for this deposit. Among them are sulfides of antimony, bismuth and molybdenum, native bismuth, copper, nickel, silver, tellurides of bismuth, cobalt sulphoarsenite, nickel sulphoantimonite, silver sulphobismuthites, lead-antimony-bismuth sulphosalts, oxides of tin, titanium, tungsten and some others. The revealed specificity of the ores' material composition indicates this deposit belongs to the gold-rare metallic ore-formational type. The sets of geological and structural data show that gold-bearing deposits of this ore-formational type are spatially and genetically associated with the granitoid magmatism, which is exhibited within transform continental margin and related to the geodynamic mode of sliding of the continental and oceanic lithospheric plates.

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Alikin, O. V., A. V. Chumakov, and V. N. Rudashevsky. "Mineralogical and Petrographic Features and Mineral Formation Sequence of Gold-Antimony Ores from Udereyskoe Deposit (Krasnoyarsk Region)." Вестник Пермского университета. Геология 22, no. 1 (2023): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/psu.geol.22.1.51.

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The article presents results of petrographic and mineralogical studies of gold-antimony ores of the Udereyskoe deposit and their concentration products. The main mineral associations of ores are characterized, mineral forms of occurrence are revealed, and distribution of Au, Pd, Ag is estimated. The paragenetic scheme of mineral formation sequence was clarified and supplemented. The important mineral forms of gold occurrence are goldbearing arsenopyrite and native gold (Au,Ag), as well as rare aurostibite AuSb2 and intermetallides such as antimony gold (Au,Sb), and palladium gold (Au,Pd). The revealed diversity of forms of noble metals and analysis of their relationships with associating sulfides and nonmetallic minerals indicate at least two contrasting early and late stages of ore genesis. Early quartz-pyrite and late pyrite, which are two stages of mineralization, are determened within the early stage. Three consecutive stages of mineralization are established in the late stage: quartz-stibnite, pyrite-stibnite-quartz, and pyrite-arsenopyrite-stibnite.

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Cui, Tao. "Geological features of antimony ores in western guizhou province." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 394 (August 7, 2018): 052076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/394/5/052076.

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Krenev, V. A., N. P. Dergacheva, and S. V. Fomichev. "Hydrometallurgical processes of antimony extraction from ores and concentrates." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 50, no. 4 (July 2016): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579516040151.

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Tran, Hieu Quang, Nam Xuan Bui, Hoang Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and Long Quoc Nguyen. "Applicable posssibility of advanced technologies and equipment in surface mines of Vietnam." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktlt2020.02.

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Vietnam has abundant and diversified mineral resources with more than 5, 000 mines of 60 discovered and exploited minerals. Besides of surface coal mines mainly located in Quang Ninh, the types of minerals being exploited by surface mining method consist of metal ores (iron, titanium, manganese, gold, zinc, copper, antimony) and non - metallic ores, and construction materials (stone, sand, gravel, etc.). In the paper, authors researched and proposed the advanced technologies and equipment based on Industry 4.0, that can apply effectively for surface mines in Vietnam in order to ensure safety and enhance surface mining effect.

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Zhou, Cheng Ying, Wei Qu, Wen Juan Li, and Liu Lu Cai. "Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth in Chemical Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.579.

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Arsenic, antimony and bismuth in gold ores were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with spectral lines of 188.980, 206.834 and 223.061nm as analytical line respectively, under preset instrumental parameters. The linear range of the method for arsenic, antimony and bismuth was 0~80ug/mL and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99995. The detection limit for arsenic, antimony and bismuth was 2.87, 1.63 and 0.84ug/g respectively. The results of this method are consistent with the national standard method, and the relative error is less than 1.5%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method is better than 5.0% (n=11) with good accuracy and precision. ICP-OES can be used for simultaneous determination of multiple elements and is suitable to the analysis of large quantities of samples.

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Periferakis, Argyrios, Ana Caruntu, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Ioana Anca Badarau, Constantin Caruntu, and Cristian Scheau. "Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 4669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084669.

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Antimony has been known and used since ancient times, but its applications have increased significantly during the last two centuries. Aside from its few medical applications, it also has industrial applications, acting as a flame retardant and a catalyst. Geologically, native antimony is rare, and it is mostly found in sulfide ores. The main ore minerals of antimony are antimonite and jamesonite. The extensive mining and use of antimony have led to its introduction into the biosphere, where it can be hazardous, depending on its bioavailability and absorption. Detailed studies exist both from active and abandoned mining sites, and from urban settings, which document the environmental impact of antimony pollution and its impact on human physiology. Despite its evident and pronounced toxicity, it has also been used in some drugs, initially tartar emetics and subsequently antimonials. The latter are used to treat tropical diseases and their therapeutic potential for leishmaniasis means that they will not be soon phased out, despite the fact the antimonial resistance is beginning to be documented. The mechanisms by which antimony is introduced into human cells and subsequently excreted are still the subject of research; their elucidation will enable us to better understand antimony toxicity and, hopefully, to improve the nature and delivery method of antimonial drugs.

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Umarov, Akromiddin, Anvar Shukurov, Alisher Djurabayev, Mansur Ruziev, Ilkhom Ruziev, and Satbay Nurjanov. "Minerals of bismuth and antimony in original deposits of zarmitan gold zone, located in granitoid intrusion (Uzbekistan)." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340101002.

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Modern methods of nanomineralogy (electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis) were used to study the ores of one of the largest industrial facilities of Uzbekistan - the Zarmitan gold zone, which includes the Zarmitan, Urtalik, Guzhumsay deposits, which are located in the Koshrabadgranosyenite massif. The development of / Au-W / Au-Bi-Te / Au-As / Au-Ag-Te / Au-Ag-Se / Au-Sb-Ag / Au-Hg / types of ores. Productive mineral-geochemical types of ores are Au-Bi-Te gold-bismuth-telluride, represented by maldonite, tellurides, and sulfosalts of bismuth: hedleyite, joseite, tsumite, tetradymite, matildite, treasure, and also Au-Sb-Ag gold-silver-sulfoantimonide type represented by aurostibite, sulfoantimonidesPb, Fe, Ag: plagionite, jamsonite, boulangerite, goodmundite, ovichiite and gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite with nanogold, lellingite, gersdorfite. The main industrial resource of gold is provided by Au-Bi-Te, Au-Sb-Ag, and partially Au-As types. The objects of the Zarmitan zone belong to the orogenic gold deposits associated with the intrusion. The established mineral and geochemical features of ores are direct signs of prospecting, typification, and assessment of hidden gold mineralization of orogenic belts.

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Khanchuk, A. I., V. P. Molchanov, and D. V. Androsov. "THE FIRST INFORMATION ABOUT THE GOLD-COPPER MINERALIZATION OF THE KONTORSKOYE ORE OPENING (ARIADNE INTRUSION OF ULTRABASITES, PRIMORYE)." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 511, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s268673972260240x.

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Within the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt, a new promising type of mineral resources has been identified – complex ores and placers spatially and genetically related to Late Mesozoic ultramafic intrusions. An example of this is the Ariadne massif of ultramafic rocks, in the center of which there is a manifestation of gold-titanium mineralization, and in the exocontact – gold-antimony. The main features of the mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-copper formations in its near-intrusive zone are determined. To reconstruct the conditions for the formation of these ores, the isotopic composition of sulfur in sulfide minerals was studied. The obtained materials testify to the significant metal-bearing potential of the ultramafic rocks of the Sikhote-Alin.

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Baltukhaev, G. I., and P. M. Solozhenkin. "Concentration of gold-antimony ores in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 50, no. 3 (June 2009): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106782120903002x.

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Guo, Ping, Shixing Wang, and Libo Zhang. "Selective removal of antimony from refractory gold ores by ultrasound." Hydrometallurgy 190 (December 2019): 105161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105161.

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Tsaplina, I. A., V. V. Sorokin, A. E. Zhuravleva, V. S. Melamud, T. I. Bogdanova, and T. F. Kondrat’eva. "Oxidation of gold-antimony ores by a thermoacidophilic microbial consortium." Microbiology 82, no. 6 (November 2013): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0026261713060118.

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Askarova, Gulzhan, Mels Shautenov, and Kulzhamal Nogaeva. "Flotation enrichment of resistant gold ores." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800005.

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Ores of the Vasilkovsky deposit include arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, gold, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, faded ore (tennantite)S, bismuthine, native bismuth, lellingite, molybdenite, cubanite, bornite, antimonite, relict minerals, magnetite, apatite and apatite chromite, sericite, chlorite, potassium feldspar, tourmaline), quartz, carbonates (siderite, ankerite, calcite), fluorite, barite. Arsenopyrite is the main ore mineral. It contains the bulk of gold, as well as impurities - copper, cobalt, nickel, bismuth, zirconium, titanium, lead, zinc, antimony, silver, molybdenum. Bismuth and its minerals are widespread, they are constantly associated with arsenopyrite, forming intergrowths with native gold, less often with chalcopyrite and faded ore. Native gold is distributed very unevenly, forms the finest precipitates ranging in size from tenths of a micron to 0.063 mm, grows together with quartz, arsenopyrite, pyrite and bismuth minerals. Rich ores were formed by combining bismuthcontaining associations with arsenopyrite. The role of gold in arsenopyrite increases with depth. Ores are of the gold-quartz-sulfide type. Quartz in ore up to 90 %, sulfides from 3 to 5 %. The content of harmful impurities (arsenic) reaches 2 % or more. Ores are refractory, require special technology for the beneficiation and extraction of gold.

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Christova, Julia, Todor Todorov, and Kalinka Petrova. "Distribution of the silver in Bulgaria ore deposits." Geologica Balcanica 33, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2003): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.33.1-2.3.

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The content of silver in the different, in terms of genesis and macrochemism, endogenic mineralisations in Bulgaria varies from 1-2 to 200 g/t, most frequently 5-35 g/t. The highest concentrations of this element are registered in the West Balkan region (lead-silver ores near Chiprovtsi, gold-sulphide ores near Govezhda and polymetallic ores Iskar-Vratsa ore region as well as Kremikovtsi deposit); in the Central Rhodopes region (lead-zinc deposits in Laki, Madan and Davidkovo ore fields, Ardino silver-polymetallic deposit); in the lead-zinc ores in Ossogovo ore region; in the East Rhodopes ore region (gold-silver-polymetallic ores in Madzharovo ore field and Popsko, silver-gold ores in Sedefche and Sarnak); in the East Srednogorie (gold-copper-polymetallic ores near Bakadzhik and Zidarovo). Some of the more significant favourable geological prerequisites for the accumulation of silver in the ores are: Late Paleozoic or Tertiary (Oligocene-Miocene) age, geodynamic environments of collision and zones with thick earth crust, anticlinoria and big horst-like uplifts, WNW and NW host structures, close to the surface or flange sections of the mineralisations. The mineralisations with higher content of silver are, as a rule, related to granites. Their host rocks are carbonates with development of metasomatic processes such as dolomitisation and granitoids with periore alterations of the quartz-sericite, quartz-mica (beresite), adular-sericite or quartz-adularia metasomatites and argillizites. The composition of the ores includes lithophile-chalcophile geochemical associations with prevalence of antimony. A favourable factor for the accumulation of silver is the lead-zinc macrochemism with prevalence of lead in zones with thick earth crust and the polymetallic - in zones with basificated (subocean type) earth crust. The mineral composition of the ores includes galena, sulphosalt silver minerals, the especially high silver-bearing tetrahedrite-tennantite series with prevalence of tetrahedrite and participation of magnesium and iron carbonates (siderite, ankerite, dolomite). The character of the silver-bearing mineralisations in Bulgaria is medium to low-temperature and, according to their peculiarities, they can be related to the mesothermal, epithermal or telethermal genetic classes.

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Rakhimov, Khaetkul, Bakhtier Eshov, Abdurashid Kadirov, and Abdulkhair Badalov. "Processing gold-bearing antimony sulfide mechanoactivated concentrate." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-43-51.

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Introduction. The solution of important strategic objectives of the Republic of Tajikistan depends on such industries as chemical, mining, processing, and metallurgical. Their smooth functioning is provided by a developed energy and transport industry. Comprehensive mineral processing of abundant minerals located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan contributes to socioeconomic problems solution and to the development of new production facilities and employment, the transition from the role of a primary producer and middle-stage manufacturer to an end product producer. Methods of research. The expediency of separating antimony and precious metals before cyaniding is obvious. It can be achieved by pyrometallurgy or beneficiation methods. Distillate roasting allows to amply remove antimony from complex ores relatively poor in this metal. However, when processing raw materials rich in antimony, the risk of accretion development in furnaces creates difficulties. At a high temperature (1000–1100 °C), a large amount of gold can combine with oxides and become an oxide. Antimony can be removed by roasting with chlorination. Additional chlorinating reagent makes it possible to increase gold recovery during the subsequent cyanidation of the calcine from 75 to 95–98% compared to conventional oxidative roasting. Results and analysis. This article is the result of a series of experiments and renovations for the technologies of processing gold-bearing antimony sulfide concentrate into the final product. An effective method has been developed for chloridizing roasting of mechanoactivated precious metal containing antimony-gold concentrate with sodium chloride. The optimal roasting mode has been determined, which provides a high yield of antimony and gold compounds, which are technologically easy to process.

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Karimi, P., H. Abdollahi, A. Amini, M. Noaparast, S. Z. Shafaei, and F. Habashi. "Cyanidation of gold ores containing copper, silver, lead, arsenic and antimony." International Journal of Mineral Processing 95, no. 1-4 (July 2010): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2010.03.002.

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Lager, T., and K. S. E. Forssberg. "Current processing technology for antimony-bearing ores a review, part 2." Minerals Engineering 2, no. 4 (January 1989): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(89)90088-5.

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Imamverdiyev, N. A., and N. A. Sattar-zade. "Geochemical peculiarities of accompanying elements Filizchai pyrite-polymetallic deposit (southern slope of the Greater Caucasus)." Scientific Petroleum, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53404/sci.petro.20230100035.

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The article considers the distribution of accompanying elements (cadmium, indium, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, etc.) in pyrite-polymetallic ores of the Filizchay deposit. It was found that there is a high correlation between the concentrations of cadmium, zinc and lead (r=+0.790 and r=+0.616). The relationship between the contents of cadmium and copper is negative (r=-0.414). Indium - correlated with zinc and cadmium. In the Filizchaya ore deposit, a relatively high amount of indium is present in the upper depth horizons and the western flank of the deposit. The mineralconcentrator of the element is zinc sulfide. A high correlation was established between antimony and arsenic (r=+0.663). There is a significant correlation coefficient of these elements with zinc, lead, silver, bismuth and cadmium. In connection with the regular arrangement of natural types of ores in the composition of a single ore deposit of the deposit, a regular change in the concentrations of these elements is established. In general, there is a vertical and horizontal zonality in the distribution of harmful impurities in the ore deposit. It has been established that the content of antimony and arsenic gradually decreases from the upper to deep horizons. The concentration of antimony and arsenic decreases from the western flank to the east, and the content of mercury from the western flank to the central part increases slightly, and on the eastern flank its concentration decreases to a minimum, selenium is more concentrated from the central part of the ore deposit of the deposit. It was revealed that the formation of the Filizchay deposit was accompanied by a zonal distribution of chemical elements, consistent with the general scheme of mineralogical zoning. Keywords: Accompanying elements; Correlation; Zonality; Distribution of chemical elements.

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Mikheev, G., and S. Bogidaev. "ANTIMONY OXIDE FORM ENRICHMENT LINE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE «ZHIPKHOSHA» FIELD." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 5 (2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-5-36-43.

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The antimony industry in the Russian Federation is currently experiencing difficult times. The main enterprise that produces and enriches antimony today is GeoProMining LLC, which owns a processing plant at the Syralakhskoye field (Yakutia), where the ore of the Sentanchansky field is processed, production on a smaller scale is carried out in the Krasnoyarsk Territory at the Udereyskoye field of the Novoangarsky GOK, and associated production is carried out at the Olympiadinsky GOK from the tailings of the gold-antimony ore enrichment. Many fields are not being developed at all. The reason for this is the profitability of the development and processing of antimony deposits, due to the low price of metal and the difficulty of obtaining conditioned concentrates due to the presence of metal oxide forms in antimony-containing deposits. Oxide forms of metal in deposits occur in the form of lenses and films, which complicates the enrichment (extraction) of such metal due to the lack of methods and methods or the high cost of processing. The article presents the relevance of the problem of extraction and processing of antimony ores. The reagent-collector of antimony oxide forms KCSb is presented and, based on its application, the parameters of flotation ore dressing of the Zhipkhosha deposit are developed, which contributes to a significant increase in metal recovery. It is noted that the use of КCSb is more effective in comparison with other known reagents used for the enrichment of antimony oxides. The results of studies of this collector reagent, when it is introduced into the technological scheme of flotation of antimony oxide forms, are obtained, which indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of its use. This fact is confirmed by a technical and economic calculation, according to which the conditional profit is 30-31 million rubles per 1 million processed ore per year. The increase in the resulting products (concentrate) is about 700-800 tons, with a quality (antimony content) of 32-36 %, corresponding to the KSUF-3 brand. This method is recommended for use in various antimony and antimony-containing deposits containing oxide minerals (from 10 % or more)

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Li, Long, Jianqun Wang, Longwei Zhang, Renjian Deng, Saijun Zhou, and Gongxun Wang. "Strength and Durability Properties of Antimony Tailing Coarse Aggregate (ATCA) Concrete." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 5606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195606.

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Antimony (Sb) is a trace element applied widely in modern industry. A large number of tailing solid wastes are left and accumulated in the mining area after purifying the precious antimony from the antimony ores, causing serious pollution to the environment. The major aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing antimony tailing coarse aggregate (ATCA) as a complete substitute for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in high-strength concrete. Concrete specimens with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ATCA replacing the NCA in conventional concrete were prepared for evaluating the performance of ATCA concrete. The investigators find that ATCA concrete has good workability, and the mechanical properties and long-term behavior (shrinkage and creep) of ATCA concrete with all replacement levels are superior to those of NCA concrete. The durability indices of ATCA concrete, such as the frost-resistant, chloride permeability, and resistance to carbonation, are better than those of NCA concrete. While the alkali activity and cracking sensitivity behavior of ATCA concrete seem to be decreased, nevertheless, the difference is not significant and can be neglected. The researchers demonstrate that all of the control indices of ATCA concrete meet the requirements of the current industry standards of China. Overall, ATCA can be used in concrete to minimize environmental problems and natural resources depletion.

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Cui, Tao. "Research progress in metallogenic rules of antimony ores in western guizhou province." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 394 (August 7, 2018): 052077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/394/5/052077.

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Berrie, Barbara H. "Mining for Color: New Blues, Yellows, and Translucent Paint." Early Science and Medicine 20, no. 4-6 (December 7, 2015): 308–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02046p02.

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In the sixteenth century, the Erzgebirge mountains were mined for mineral ores of cobalt and antimony that were used to make the blue pigment smalt, a potash glass, and yellow pigments based on lead-antimony oxides, respectively. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, these pigments had found a permanent place on the easel painter’s palette, smalt used in place of ultramarine and the antimonial compounds enlivening the yellows of the spectrum. Mining efforts also located sources for naphtha, and improvements in distillation would have allowed it (and other solvents) to be fractioned and purified for use as a solvent and diluent for oil paint. The mention of naphtha in treatises and color-sellers’ inventories attests to its use in color making. Thinning paint allowed artists to use glazes of paint to lively, luminous, coloristic effect and made blending easier. These three discoveries contributed to the saturated colors characteristic of seventeenth-century painting and offered artists latitude in the ways they pursued their goal of imitative painting.

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Ханчук, А. И., and В. П. Молчанов. "ORE POTENTIAL OF THE LATE MESOZOIC ARIADNENSKY MASSIF OF ULTRAMAFIC, MAFIC AND GRANITOID ROCKS (SIKHOTE-ALIN OROGENIC BELT)." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 42, no. 6 (2023): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2023-42-6-5-19.

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In the south of the Russian Far East, a new promising type of sources of strategic and critically important metals (titanium, gold, platinum, niobium, hafnium, copper, antimony, etc.) has been identified: those are complex ores and placers spatially and genetically related to the late mesozoic (cenomanian) synorogenic intrusions of ultramafic-mafic rocks of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt. An example of this is the Ariadnensky massif of ultramafic, mafic and granitoid rocks with manifestations of gold-titanium mineralization in its mafic part, gold-antimony mineralization in the exocontact, and gold-copper mineralization in the near-intrusive zone. The main mineralogical and geochemical features of these ore formations have been determined. The typomorphic properties of native gold from ultramafic rocks have been revealed. It is shown that mantle and crustal processes were involved in the formation of different types of ore. The materials obtained provide new opportunities for the reassessment of the strategic metals resource potential of Primorye.

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Wang, Chunhui, Weiqiong Zhong, Anjian Wang, Xiaoqi Sun, Tianjiao Li, and Xingxing Wang. "Mapping the evolution of international antimony ores trade pattern based on complex network." Resources Policy 74 (December 2021): 102421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102421.

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Nikolić, Branislav, Željko Kamberović, Nikola Jovanović, and Vesna Vujačić. "Mining and metallurgical activity in the medieval Serbia." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 3-4 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb2104021n.

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The mining and metallurgical activity has a centuries-old tradition in Serbia. Copper, iron and gold are the basic metals in the ore of Eastern Serbia. Lead, zinc, iron and silver ore are present in central Serbia, while antimony and lead ore are predominant at the location of western Serbia. The strength of Nemanjic's Serbia was mostly based on the development of this activity. With the arrival of the Turks, the mining and metallurgical activity weakened, and at the beginning of the 18th century it completely become extincted. Almost all current mines of polymetallic ores in Serbia appeared on the locations of medieval mines.

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37

Galyamov, A. L., A. V. Volkov, K. Yu Murashov, N. V. Sidorova, and T. P. Kuznetsova. "Prospects for identifying the Mississippi Valley type deposits in the North-East of Russia." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 20, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-2-254-270.

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Research subject. The Mississippi Valley type deposits make up about a third of the global balance of lead and zinc reserves, resources and production. Additionally, silver, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and thallium can be present in the ores of these deposits. In the North-East of Russia, the Mississippi Valley type of deposits is poorly represented. In this work, we investigate the deposits of the Sardana ore cluster of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and individual deposits of the Magadan region. Materials and methods. The article discusses the results of previous scientific research and new data on the geochemical features, isotopic composition of ores and geological and structural conditions for the formation of the Sardana cluster deposit. In addition, the potential for identifying stratiform lead-zinc deposits is associated with favourable geodynamic conditions in the region, as well as with the refinement and adaptation of the forecast-search model of MVT deposits for the North-East of Russia. Results. The mineralogical and geochemical features of the rocks and ores of the Sardana cluster deposits, the morphology of ore bodies, their zoning elements, as well as isotopic ratios indicate that the ores are likely to be of the Mississippi Valley type with the onset of ore deposition at early diagenetic and catagenetic stages. The distribution of rare elements indicates a significant role of superimposed metamorphism of the host carbonate-terrigenous strata in the deposition of the ores of producing stages. Conclusion. The potential possibility of increasing the mineral and raw material base of lead and zinc is associated with the identification of sedimentary basins with a stagnant anoxic regime of carbonate accumulation in the immediate vicinity of the development areas of rift complexes, as well as with the presence of other critically important forecast-search signs. In addition to the well-known Killakh metallogenic zone, Tuora-Sis and Orulgan metallogenic taxa located in the north of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with known stratiform manifestations of lead and zinc belong to such areas.

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38

Mayorova, Tatiana, Lyudmila Efanova, and N. Sokerina. "Mineralogical and geochemical features of the ores of the Verkhnelekeletskoye gold-quartz-sulfide occurrence in the Polar Urals (Manitanyrd Ridge)." Vestnik of geosciences, no. 6 (August 12, 2022): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2022.6.2.

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The Verkhnelekeletskoye gold occurrence of gold-quartz-sulfide type is localized in the marginal part of the gabbro-dolerite dike of the Lower Ordovician Lekvozhsky complex. The ore zone is composed of pyrite-sericite-quartz metasomatites with quartz-vein and vein-disseminated mineralization. The gold-sulfide ores are represented by pyrite with a subordinate amount of arsenopyrite and, to a lesser extent, sphalerite. Galena and chalcopyrite are present as microinclusions in pyrite and arsenopyrite. Characteristic impurity elements in sulfides are arsenic and antimony, nickel is also found. We identified rare minerals — tetrahedrite, lead sulphosalts, ulmannite, gersdorfite. The main form of gold occurrence is submicron and micron segregations in pyrite and arsenopyrite. Impurity elements in gold are silver, mercury is rare. Gold is moderately high-grade and medium-grade, in the presence of mercury — low-grade. In terms of the mineral composition of ores, including rare minerals, the Verkhnelekeletskoye ore occurrence is very similar to the Verkhneniyayuskoye 2 deposit. The sulfides of the Verkhnelekeletskoye occurrence are characterized by a light sulfur isotopic composition (34S = –0.2 ÷ –3.5 ‰), close to the meteorite standard, which indicates the participation of deep sulphur sources in ore formation and its association with magmatic processes.

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39

Telford, Kristy, William Maher, Frank Krikowa, Simon Foster, Michael J. Ellwood, Paul M. Ashley, Peter V. Lockwood, and Susan C. Wilson. "Bioaccumulation of antimony and arsenic in a highly contaminated stream adjacent to the Hillgrove Mine, NSW, Australia." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08097.

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Environmental context. Concern over the presence of antimony (Sb) in the environment because of chemical similarities with arsenic (As) has prompted a need to better understand its environmental behaviour and risks. The present study investigates the bioaccumulation and uptake of antimony in a highly contaminated stream near the Hillgrove antimony–gold mine in NSW, Australia, and reports high Sb (and As) concentrations in many components of the ecosystem consisting of three trophic levels, but limited uptake into aboveground parts of riparian vegetation. The data suggest that Sb can transfer into upper trophic levels of a creek ecosystem, but that direct exposure of creek fauna to creek sediment and soil, water and aquatic autotrophs are more important metalloid uptake routes than exposure via riparian vegetation. Abstract. Bioaccumulation and uptake of antimony (Sb) were investigated in a highly contaminated stream, Bakers Creek, running adjacent to mining and processing of Sb–As ores at Hillgrove Mine, NSW, Australia. Comparisons with arsenic (As) were included owing to its co-occurrence at high concentrations. Mean metalloid creek rhizome sediment concentrations were 777 ± 115 μg g–1 Sb and 60 ± 6 μg g–1 As, with water concentrations at 381 ± 23 μg L–1 Sb and 46 ± 2 μg L–1 As. Antimony and As were significantly elevated in aquatic autotrophs (96–212 μg g–1 Sb and 32–245 μg g–1 As) but Sb had a lower uptake efficiency. Both metalloids were elevated in all macroinvertebrates sampled (94–316 μg g–1 Sb and 1.8–62 μg g–1 As) except Sb in gastropods. Metalloids were detected in upper trophic levels although biomagnification was not evident. Metalloid transfer to riparian vegetation leaves from roots and rhizome soil was low but rhizome soil to leaf As concentration ratios were up to 2–3 times greater than Sb concentration ratios. Direct exposure to the rhizosphere sediments and soils, water ingestion and consumption of aquatic autotrophs appear to be the major routes of Sb and As uptake for the fauna of Bakers Creek.

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Solozhenkin, P. M., and A. N. Alekseev. "Innovative processing and hydrometallurgical treatment methods for complex antimony ores and concentrates. Part I." Journal of Mining Science 46, no. 2 (March 2010): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-010-0026-5.

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41

Zhang, Feiyu, Yaru Cui, Xihong He, Chaofei Lv, Linbo Li, Jinfeng Zhang, and Junfang Nan. "Selective alkaline leaching of antimony from Low-grade refractory gold ores and process optimization." Minerals Engineering 201 (October 2023): 108198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108198.

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42

Hu, Xingyun, Mengchang He, Sisi Li, and Xuejun Guo. "The leaching characteristics and changes in the leached layer of antimony-bearing ores from China." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 176 (May 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.01.009.

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43

ROY, N., and A. DAS. "Determination of antimony in rocks and sulphide ores by flame and electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrometry." Talanta 35, no. 5 (May 1988): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(88)80036-5.

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44

Sovmen, V. K., Alexander V. Belyi, M. Yu Danneker, A. A. Gish, and A. N. Teleutov. "Biooxidation of Refractory Gold Sulfide Concentrate of Olympiada Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.477.

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Results of research on technological processes for treatment of refractory gold-arsenic ores using bioleaching of concentrates are presented. In October 2001 the first line of bioreactors on Mill-2 began operation with projected throughput of 3 million tons a year. In July 2007 Mill-3 began operation with projected throughput of 5 million tons a year. At present the closed joint stock company Gold Mining Company «Polyus» occupies a leading position in gold extraction from hard rocks in the Russian Federation. Processing of refractory gold-arsenic ores is conducted on Mill-2 and Mill-3 by a flotation-cyanide scheme using a unique biooxidation technology, BIONORD®, designed to process concentrates in the extreme climatic conditions of the North, . The achieved productivity of the Olympiada Mining Combine, from the processing of both oxidized and refractory ores of the Olympiada deposit, is 26.7 tons of gold a year. The gold is mostly present as finely dispersed and submicroscopic particles in close association with sulfide minerals, usually pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and antimonite. The average productivity of the lines is 1000 t/day. The process time is 100-150 h. The pulp density is 150-200 g/l. The working temperature is 39-40oC. The microbial association is represented by three species of chemolithotrophs: “Sulfobacillus olympiadicus”, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Ferroplasma acidiphilum present in proportions 60-80%, 10-20%, and 10-17%, respectively. During the process 87% of sulfide minerals are oxidized. Thus, 98% of the pyrrhotite, 95.4% of the arsenopyrite, 70% of the antimony sulfides and 60% of the pyrite is oxidised. Biooxidation enables 97% of the gold to be released.

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Abdulla Valiyev, Zaki. "The role of aerocosmic research in metallogenic prediction (on the example of antimony-mercury ore formation deposits in Azerbaijan)." NATURE AND SCIENCE 02, no. 03 (May 8, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/03/55-60.

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Mercury degassing is a global process. In geological development, it begins with the formation of deep fractures that can penetrate the great depths of the mantle. As the linearity lengthens, the temporal degassing and intensity of mercury weaken this connection with the depths of its individual parts and the Earth, or the period of strengthening of this connection will vary depending on the development of the characteristics observed. The concentration of mercury and antimony-mercury ores along the outer frame of circular and oval and other structures can most likely be explained by the Earth's total mercury degassing. In our opinion, the ideal situation is the junction of circular, oval, and other structures with linear nodes, where industrially important deposits of minerals can be formed. Key words: mercury, aerospace research, metallogenic prediction, minerals

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46

Vikent’eva, O. V., and N. S. Bortnikov. "EVIDENCES OF MINERAL MELTING IN THE ORES OF THE SVETLINSK GOLD DEPOSIT, SOUTH URALS, RUSSIA." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 513, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723602016.

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For the large Svetlinsk gold deposit (South Urals) evidences of partial melting of minerals and possible participation of polymetallic melts in the concentration and redistribution of gold and other metals are given. Finding of bismuth and antimony minerals in ores, among which there are gold minerals new to the deposit (pampaloite, montbrayite and aurostibite), specific mineral intergrowths (polymineral Sb–Bi–Pb–Te–Ag–Au drop inclusions), enrichment of early sulphides with Low-Melting-point Chalcophile Elements (LMCE), high formation temperatures for ore assemblages (up to 400°C), as well as the occurring metamorphism of amphibolite facies indicate the possibility of the formation of such melts. Polymetallic melts at the deposit could be formed both by partial melting of early sulphides and directly from hydrothermal fluids. The signs of melting also include simplectites of calaverite and native gold in the marginal parts of the large montbrayite grain.

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LAZANU, Ciprian-Cătălin. "Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Four Bronze Sickles Dated at the Late Bronze Age." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 29, no. 2 (2023): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2023-29-2-3.

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The present study presents the analysis of the elemental composition of four bronze sickles, three with hooked handle and one with holes on the handle, two from the deposit at Valea lui Darie, Vaslui county, one from the bronze deposit at Ciorani, and one discovered in a dwelling from the settlement belonging to the Noua culture from Dodești, following systematic archaeological research. The sickles from the Valea lui Darie deposit belong to the Ghermănești type, the Ghermănești variant, the Ciorani sickle to the Ilișești variant of the Ghermănești type, and the Dodești sickle to the Heleșteni type. These types of sickles are characteristic for the Late Bronze Age east of the Carpathians, being chronologically placed between XII – X BC. The elemental composition of the four pieces was identified by employing non-invasive analysis with a mobile spectrometer, Thermo Niton XL3, resulting in a composition of a binary copper-tin alloy (Cu-Sn), to which a number of secondary elements are added: arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, lead, titanium, and sulphur. In the case of the sickle from Dodești, the percentage of lead is 1.593% which could come from the composition of the copper or tin ores used, given that the percentage should be higher than 2-3% to be considered an intentional addition. Arsenic was also identified in the composition of the four sickles, but in small percentages, > 1%, most likely coming from the composition of the copper ore used. The elemental composition of ancient artefacts enables the establishment of correlations between different types of objects, production areas, raw material resource areas, and distribution patterns. Based on the elemental composition, the four sickles fall into the group of copper objects with arsenic, antimony/antimony, and nickel as the main secondary elements.

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Shaybekov, R. I., B. A. Makeev, N. N. Kononkova, S. I. Isaenko, and E. M. Tropnikov. "Palladium tellurides and bismuthtellurides in sulfide copper-nickel ores of the Savabeisky ore occurrence (Nenets Autonomous District, Russsia)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 574–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-4-574-594.

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Research subject. The Savabeisky sulfide copper-nickel ore occurrence, located in the central part of the Khengur (Central Pay-Khoy) gabbro-dolerite complex of the Pay-Khoy, within the Yugorsky Peninsula, located in the Far North-East of the European part of Russia, in the Arkhangelsk region, between the Barents and Kara Seas.Materials and methods. Samples of copper-nickel ores with noble metal mineralization were studied. Palladium tellurides and bismuthtellurides were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray structural analysis and Raman spectroscopy.Results. Bismuthtellurides in the Paykhoysko-Vaigach-Yuzhnonovozemelskiy region – michenerite, merenskyite and unidentified palladium telluride of the kotulskite–merenskyite series with crystal formula Pd2(TeSbBi)3 – were found for the first time. The unit cell parameter of Pay-Khoy michenerite was calculated using X-ray diffraction analysis data: a = 6.638(2) Å. According to Raman spectroscopy, the palladium tellurides and bismuthtellurides of the Savabeisky ore occurrence were distinguished into 4 groups: Sb-kotulskite (does not contain Raman-active modes), unnamed PGM Pd2(TeSbBi)3 (bands in the range 95–103, 121–126 cm–1, obtained for the first time), Sb-merenskyite (band 126–135 cm–1), michenerite (bands with maxima 100 and 116 cm–1, obtained for the first time). The Kikuchi lines for michenerite and the mineral of the kotulskite–merenskyite series were obtained by the EBSD method.Conclusions. The diagnosis of palladium tellurides and bismuthtellurides is a rather complicated problem (wide variations in compositions, low hardness, small size, thin intergrowths of several individuals, the presence of impurities, etc.) affecting the determination of their mineral form and requiring an integrated approach. The Raman spectra of michenerite and unnamed PGM can be used as standards for the rapid identification of their natural forms, in contrast to EBSD, which requires improved sample preparation. The relatively high content of antimony in the ore minerals and noble metals minerals at the Savabeisky ore occurrence is the antimony metallogenic specificity characteristic of the entire Uralsko-Novozemelskiy province.

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Blajer, Wojciech, Piotr Kotowicz, Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, and Piotr Jurecki. "Siekierka brązowa z Falejówki." Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego 43 (2022): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/misroa.2022.43.5.

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The article is devoted to the find of a bronze socketed axe discovered in 2013 in Falejówka (Sanok district). The find was made on the top of Mount Wroczeń, several meters from the hoard of bronze items (Falejówka, hoard II), dated to HaA1. This artefact belongs to the so-called “beaked” or “horned” axes, but none of the numerous specimens of this type is an exact equivalent of the discussed find. Stylistic features – primarily the characteristic trident motif decorating it, which occurs on axes discovered mainly in today's Hungary – allow the item from Falejówka to be dated HaA1-HaB1. The quality of the casting proves that the axe was made with good knowledge of the mould technology and the processes of smelting and pouring the liquid alloy, using bronze with a low tin content. As for its composition, metals derived from sulphide ores, mainly antimony, have also been identified.

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Mironova, E., G. Yurgenson, V. Limberova, and R. Filenko. "The Influence of bismuth and antimony on thermal properties of ores of gold deposits of the Transbaikal Region." Transbaikal State University Journal 23, no. 6 (2017): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2017-23-6-20-30.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antimony ores'

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