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1
Vlčková, Zoja. "Chemické a fyzikální transformace huminových kyselin." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233318.
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Tato práce představuje pilotní studii testující souvislosti mezi biologickými vlastnostmi a strukturou huminových kyselin extrahovaných z původního a modifikovaného jihomoravského lignitu, důl Mír, Mikulčice. V první části práce byly testovány metody vhodné ke zvýšení výtěžku huminových kyselin extrahovaných z lignitu. Oxidace lignitu v plynné fázi nepřinesla uspokojivé zvýšení výtěžku a byla instrumentálně poměrně náročná. Dále proto byla zkoumána jen oxidace v kapalné fázi a modifikace nízkomolekulárními organickými kyselinami. Modifikace organickými kyselinami byla inspirována procesy podporujícími biologické funkce v rizosféře, t.j. kořenový systém vylučuje exudáty způsobující změny v supramolekulové struktuře okolní organické hmoty čímž zlepšuje její mobilitu a prostupnost buněčnými stěnami. Primární struktura huminových kyselin připravených v této práci byla zkoumána prostřednictvím elementární analýzy a spektrálních metod (13C CPMAS NMR, EPR a UV-VIS spektroskopie). Navzdory tomu, že primární struktura vykazovala jen malé rozdíly, měření biologické aktivity a genotoxického potenciálu prokázalo, že huminové kyseliny a jejich humáty získané z lignitu s rozdílnou předúpravou vykazují odlišnou bioaktivitu. Proto byla dále zkoumána supramolekulární struktura vzorků ve zředěných roztocích, a to prostřednictvím vysokoúčinné vylučovací chromatografie, měření ultrazvukové rychlosti a hustoty. Testovány byly dva různé protionty – draselný a amonný. Získané výsledky potvrdily předpoklad, že pozorované změny v kvalitě humátů jsou závislé na protiiontu, koncentraci humátu v roztoku a také na metodě předúpravy původního lignitu. Obě zvolené metody předúpravy lignitu prokázaly svůj potenciál produkovat huminové kyseliny s rozmanitými biologickými vlastnostmi, aplikovatelné v zemědělství, životním prostředí a potenciálně i ve farmakologii.
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Fanan, Simone. "Estudos in vitro sobre a atividade antioxidante, antimutagenica e potencial de risco da melatonina." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314658.
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Orientador: Maria Edwiges HoffmannDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A melatonina, honnônio produzido pela glândula pineal, apresenta um gr-ande interesse na atualidade, devido à demonstração de sua ação antioxidante tanto in vitro como in vivo. Neste trabalho, foi investigado o potencial de risco genético e toxicológico da melatonina em culturas de células, e sua atividade antimutagênica. A mutagenicidade da melatonina foi determinada pelo teste de Ames, na presença e na ausência de ativação metabólica (fração S9), nas linhagens de Salmonella typhimurium TA97, Tal00 e TA102. A exposição das culturas por 30 minutos, à diferentes concentrações de melatonina (29-1160 _g/placa) não induziu nenhum aumento significativo do número de colônias revertentes, tanto na presença como na ausência de ativação metabólica. A melatonina mostrou, também, uma reversão dose-dependente (29 ¿ 232 _g/placa) dos efeitos mutagênicos causados pelo H2O2 (0,5 mM), na linhagem T A1O2. A atividade citotóxica da melatonina para fibroblastos de hamster chinês (linhagem V79) foi determinada pela medida de seus efeitos sobre a viabilidade e proliferação celular. A melatonina não alterou a viabilidade celular, medida pela redução do MTT, na faixa de concentração entre 0,0001 a 1 mM. A exposição das células por 30 minutos a diferentes concentrações de melatonina (0,01 - 5 mM) não causou inibição significativa do crescimento celular, no período de 24 horas subsequente ao tratamento. Entretanto, a exposição das células por 24 horas a concentrações de melatonina entre 0,5 a 5 mM causou inibição significativa do crescimento celular, de fonna dependente da dose. A melatonina mostrou ser um antioxidante altamente eficiente em solução, inibindo a oxidação degradativa da desoxirribose, induzida pelo sistema H2O2/Fe+3/NTA, de forma dependente da dose. Este hormônio foi 10 vezes mais eficiente que a glutationa e 200 vezes mais que o manitol, ao sequestrar os radicais hidroxila. Porém, o trolox foi 15 vezes mais eficaz que a melatonina. Entretanto, ao avaliar crescimento celular em fibroblastos V79, a melatonina (0,001 mM) mostrou uma proteção apenas parcial (50+ 7%) do efeito inibitório induzido por H2_ (50 µM). Contudo, a melatonina não protegeu a membrana mitocondrial de fibroblastos V79 contra os ataques dos oxidantes H2O2 e HPC (2,5 mM), como demonstrado pela ausência de proteção no ensaio do MTT. Já em eritrócitos humanos, ela mostrou ser um antioxidante eficiente contra a peroxidação lipídica, induzida pelo H2O2 (5 mM), apresentando um efeito protetor dose-dependente. Estes resultados indicam que a melatonina não é mutagênica e, além disso, inibe a mutação induzida pela H2O2 . A análise da toxicidade da melatonina pelas células V79 mostrou que a melatonina é citotóxica somente quando presente em altas concentrações e por tempo prolongado. A melatonina mostrou ser um eficiente antioxidante em sistema livre de células, em cultura de fibroblastos V79 apresentou proteção apenas parcial contra os efeitos da H2O2 . Entretanto, em eritrócitos mostrou eficiente proteção contra danos de membrana induzidos por este oxidante
Abstract: The melatonin, hormone produced 1>y the pineal gland,presents _ great interest at the present time due to the demonstration of its antioxidant action as in vitro as in vivo. In this work, the potential of toxicological risk of the melatonin was investigated in bacterias and in mammal cells,and its antioxidant activity was examined in cell tree systems, in human fibroblast V79 and in erythrocyte. The mutagenicity of the melatonin was determined by Ames Test, in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation (S9-traction), in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA100 and TA102. The exposition of cultures by 30 minutes, to different melatonin concentrations (29 to 1,160 µg/plate) didn't induce any significant increase of the number of reverted colonies, after 48 hours of cultivation, so much in the presence as in the absence of metabolic activation. The melatonin also showed, a dose dependent reversion (29 to 232 µg/plate) ofthe mutagenics effects caused by the hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM), in the TA102 straip.. Theçytotmric activity of the melatonin to V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts was determined by the measure of its effects on proliferation. The melatonin didn't chage the cellular viability mesured by the reduction of MTT, in the concentration range trom 0.0001 to 1 mM. The exposition of the cells for 30 minutes to different melatonin concentrations (0.01 -5 mM) didn't caus_significant iphibitionof the cellular growth, in the period of subsequent 24 hours of treatment. However, the exposition of the cells for 24 hours to increasing melatonin concentrations between 0.5 and 5 mM, caused significant inhibition in the cellular growth, in dependent way of the dose. The .melatonin,showed to be ahighly efficient antioxidant in solution, inhibiting thedegradative oxidation of the deoxyribose, induced by the system H2O2/Fe3+/NTA, in a dependent way to the dose. This honnone was more than 10 times efficient than the glutathione and 200 times more efficient than the manit04 when scaveng the hydroxil radical. Even so, the trolox was more than 15 times effective than the melatonin. However, when evaluating cellular growth in fibroblasts V79, the melatonin just showed a partial protection (50+ 7%) ofthe inhibition effect induced by H2O2 (50µM), in _low concentration (0.001 mM). However, the melatonin up to lmM didn't protect the mitochondrional membrane of fibroblasts V79 against the attacks of the hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide (2.5 mM), as demonstrated by the absence of protection related to the inhibition of the MTT reduction induced by these oxidizers. Yet in human erythrocytes, it showed to be an efficient antioxidant against lipid peroxidation, induced in the membrane by hydrogen peroxide (5 mM), presenting a dose-dependent protecting effect. These results indicate that melatonin is not mutagenic; besides, it inhibits mutations induced by H2O2 . The analysis of melatonin toxicity through the cells V79 showed that melatonin is citotoxic, on1y when it is present in high concentrations, for a long time. Melatonin showed to be na efficient antioxidant in a cell ftee system, but in cultures of fibroblasts V79 it showed just a partial protection against the effects of H2O2 . However, in erythrocytes, it showed an efficient protection against membrane injuries caused by this oxidant
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Staršelskytė, Rasa. "Baltymų frakcijų, praturtintų lektinais, išskirtų iš Urtica dioica L. žolės, antimutageninio, citotoksinio ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140630_135125-97644.
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R. Staršelskytės magistro baigiamasis darbas/ mokslinė vadovė prof. N. Savickienė;
Konsultantės: dr. Annabella Vitalone, prof. Gabriela Mazzanti, dr. Antonella Di Sotto;
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto, Farmacijos fakulteto, Farmakognozijos katedra. – Kaunas.
Romos universiteto La Sapienza, Fiziologijos ir farmakologijos katedra. – Roma.
Darbo tikslas: baltymų frakcijų, praturtintų lektinais, išskirtų iš Urtica doica L. žolės, antimutageninio, citotoksinio ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo įvertinimas.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Įvertinti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų įtaką Salmonella typhimurium ir Escherichia coli kamienų mutageniškumui, naudojant AMES testo metodą.
2. Ištirti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų citotoksiškumą HepG2 ląstelių proliferacijai, naudojant MTT dažo redukcijos reakcijos metodą.
3. Ištirti Urtica dioica L. baltymų frakcijų antioksidacinį aktyvumą, naudojant modelinius ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-etilbenztiazolin-6-sulfono rūgšties)) ir superoksido radikalus.
Metodai:
1. Lektinais praturtintų baltymų frakcijų antimutageniškumas tiriamas AMES testo metodu (grįžtamosios mutacijos modeliu in vitro) su S9 metabolinės aktyvacijos sistema (supernatantu iš žiurkių (paveiktų fenobarbitalio/β-naftoflavono mišiniu) kepenų lątelių mitochondrijų) ir be S9 metabolinės aktyvacijos sistemos. Eksperimentui naudojami trys bakterijų kamienai: S. typhimurium TA98, S. typhimurium TA100 ir E. coli WP2uvrA.
2. Citotoksiškumas nustatomas MTT dažo redukcijos reakcijos metodu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Rasa Staršelskytė master thesis/ Supervisor of the research paper: prof. Nijolė Savickienė1 Consultants: PhD Annabella Vitalone, prof. Gabriela Mazzanti, PhD Antonella Di Sotto2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Objective of work: evaluation of antimutagenicity, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of lectin-enriched protein fractions from herb of Urtica dioica L. Main tasks: 1. To evaluate antimutagenic activity of lectin-enriched protein fractions by bacterial reverse mutation assay. 2. To determine cytotoxicity of lectin-enriched protein fraction by the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay. 3. To evaluate antioxidant activity of lectin-enriched protein fraction against ABTS-free radical and superoxide-radical. Methods: 1. The antimutagenicity was studied in a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), both in the absence and presence of an exogenous metabolic activator S9 (the liver postmitochondrial supernatant of rats treated with the mixture phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone to induce the hepatic microsomal enzymes). A set of three strains, S. typhimurium TA98, S. typhimurium TA100 and E. coli WP2uvrA, was used. 2. Cytotoxicity was determined by the tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line. 3. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS-free radical scavenging activity test... [to full text]
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Borges, Flavio Fernandes Veloso. "Atividades antimutagênica, antigenotóxica e anticitotóxica de Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn e sua influência na expressão de genes de resposta a danos no DNA." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5205.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Silymarin (SM) is a standardized extract from the seeds and leaves of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. It is composed mainly of flavonolignans, with silibinin (SB) being its principal active constituent. Known mainly as antioxidant and hepatoprotector, SM and SB were found to be clinically effective in the treatment of a variety of liver disorders, including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin and drug-induced hepatitis and cirrhosis. Due to the wide biological activities presented by SM and SB, the present study aimed to evaluate their antimutagenic activities using the Ames mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium, their antigenotoxic activities using the mouse bone marrow micronucleous test and the alkaline comet assay, and to assess their effect on the gene expression pattern of some genes associated with the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. To assess antimutagenicity, bacterial suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100 strains) were treated with different concentrations of SM or SB simultaneously with the appropriate positive controls for each strain. To assess antigenotoxicity, Swiss mice were orally treated with different concentrations of SM or SB simultaneously with a single intraperitoneal dose of mitomycin C (MMC) for the micronucleus test, and human blood lymphocytes were cotreated with SM or SB and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for the alcaline comet assay. To investigate the role of SM and SB in modulating gene expression, we conducted microarray analysis. The results showed that SM was not significantly effective in reducing the number of frameshift mutations in strain TA98, while SB demonstrated significant protection at higher doses (p < 0.05). Regarding strain TA 100, SM and SB significantly decreased mutagenicity (point mutations) (p < 0.05). The results of the antigenotoxic evaluation demonstrated that SM and SB significantly reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that SM and SB significantly attenuated MMC induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). In the comet assay, SM and SB significantly reduced the genotoxicity of MMS (p < 0.05), with a stronger antigenotoxic activity exerted by the extract complex (SM) than the one exerted by the isolated main active constituent (SB). The expression array analysis of five genes related to DNA damage, carcinogenesis and/or chemoprevention mechanisms demonstrated an up-regulation of PTEN and BCL2, down-regulation of BAX and ABL1 and no significant change in ETV6 expression levels.In conclusion, our results demonstrated that both SM and SB presented antimutagenic and antigenotoxic actions, as well as modulated the expression levels of genes analysed under the experimental conditions of this study.
A silimarina (SM) é um extrato padronizado obtido a partir das sementes e folhas de Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. SM é composta principalmente de flavonóides, sendo a silibinina (SB) seu principal componente ativo. Conhecidas principalmente como antioxidantes e hepatoprotetoras, SM e SB foram consideradas clinicamente eficazes no tratamento de uma variedade de doenças do fígado, incluindo hepatites virais agudas e crônicas, hepatites induzidas por toxinas e/ou drogas e cirrose. Assim, devido à ampla gama de atividades biológicas apresentadas pela SM e SB, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar suas atividades antimutagênicas utilizando o teste de Ames em Salmonella typhimurium, suas atividades antigenotóxicas pelo teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos e pelo teste do cometa em linfócitos humanos e avaliar seus efeitos nos perfis de expressão gênica de alguns genes associados ao processo de carcinogênese e quimioprevenção. Para a avaliação da antimutagenicidade, suspensões bacterianas de Salmonella typhimurium (cepas TA98 e TA100) foram co-tratadas com diferentes concentrações de SM ou SB e os controles positivos adequados para cada cepa. Para a avaliação de antigenotoxidade, camundongos Swiss foram tratados oralmente com diferentes concentrações de SM ou SB concomitantemente a uma única dose intraperitoneal de mitomicina C (MMC) para o teste do micronúcleo, e linfócitos humanos foram tratados simultaneamente com SM ou SB e metil-metanossulfonato (MMS) para o ensaio do Cometa. Os resultados mostraram que a SM não foi significativamente efetiva em reduzir o número de mutações com deslocamento de quadro de leitura na cepa TA 98, enquanto que a SB apresentou uma proteção significativa nas doses maiores (p < 0.05). Em relação à cepa TA100, SM e SB reduziram significativamente a mutagenicidade (mudanças de pares de bases) (p < 0.05). Na avaliação de antigenotoxidade, SM e SB reduziram significativamente a frequência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMN) (p<0,05). Os resultados também mostraram que a citotoxicidade causada pela MMC foi significativamente atenuada pela SM e SB (p<0,05). No ensaio do cometa, SM e SB reduziram significativamente a genotoxicidade provocada pelo MMS (p<0.05), com uma atividade antigenotóxica maior exercida pelo extrato complexo (SM) do que pelo principal componente ativo isolado (SB). A análise dos níveis de expressão de cinco genes relacionados ao dano no DNA, mecanismos de carcinogênese e/ou quimioprevenção demonstrou um aumento na expressão de PTEN e BCL2, diminuição na expressão de BAX e ABL1 e ausência de mudança significativa nos níveis de expressão do ETV6. Com base nesses resultados, conclui-se que a SM e a SB apresentaram ações antimutagênicas e antigenotóxicas, e também modularam os níveis de expressão dos genes analisados sob as condições experimentais deste estudo.
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Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo. "Avaliaçãoda ação antimutagênica da Ipriflavonacontra os danos induzidos por ciclofosfamida." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5759.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-05Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Ipriflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative from daidzein and clinically prescribed for treating and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We investigated the potential of this drug against the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) chemotherapy, using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow erythrocytes of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) in vivo. To evaluate their possible mechanisms of action, performed the evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. For in vivo testing was carried out three protocols: pretreatment, simultaneous treatment and post treatment. The ipriflavone was evaluated in three different concentrations dissolved in DMSO (1,71; 8,57 e 42,85mg.kg-1 m.c) and administered by oral via. The bone marrow was collected for the evaluation of polycromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and the ratio PCE/(PCE+NCE) (polychromatic erythrocytes / polychromatic erythrocytes + normochromatic erythrocytes). For the DPPH test were assessed five concentrations of ipriflavone (500, 250, 150, 50 e 10μg.mLˉ¹) using DPPH solution (60μM). The results of in vivo tests show that the three concentrations of ipriflavone studied significantly reduced the frequency of MNPCEs induced by CPA, in the pre-treatment protocol and demonstrated the same effect at the concentrations of 1,71 e 42,85mg.kg-1 m.c in the post-treatment. However, simultaneous treatment did not reduce the frequency of MNPCE in any of the concentrations tested. In all protocols performed, the ratio PCE/(PCE+NCE) increased. There was variation between the genders in some of the experimental groups and the evaluation of antioxidant activity of ipriflavone showed no ability to donate hydrogens, suggesting that it acts through other mechanisms, such as inactivation of the enzyme activity of cytochrome P-450
Ipriflavona é uma isoflavona sintética derivada da daidzeína e utilizada no tratamento e prevenção da osteoporose em mulheres pós-menopausadas. Investigamos o potencial dessa droga contra os efeitos citotóxico e mutagênico induzidos pelo quimioterápico ciclofosfamida (CPA), por meio do ensaio do micronúcleo em eritrócitos de medula óssea de camundongos albinos Swiss (Mus musculus) in vivo. Para avaliar um de seus possíveis mecanismos de ação realizamos a avaliação de sua atividade antioxidante pelo método de DPPH. Para os testes in vivo foram realizados três protocolos: pré-tratamento, tratamento simultâneo e pós-tratamento. A ipriflavona foi avaliada em três concentrações dissolvidas em DMSO (1,71; 8,57 e 42,85mg.kg-1 m.c) e administrada via oral. A medula óssea foi coletada para a avaliação dos eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (MNPCEs) e da razão PCE/(PCE+NCE) (eritrócitos policromáticos/eritrócitos policromáticos + eritrócitos normocromáticos). Para o teste de DPPH foram avaliadas 5 concentrações de ipriflavona (500, 250, 150, 50 e 10μg.mLˉ¹) utilizando solução de DPPH 60μM. Os resultados obtidos nos testes in vivo demonstram que a ipriflavona nas três concentrações pesquisadas reduziu significativamente a frequência de MNPCEs induzidos pela CPA no protocolo de pré-tratamento e demonstrou o mesmo efeito nas concentrações de 1,71 e 42,85mg.kg-1 m.c, no pós-tratamento. Entretanto, no tratamento simultâneo, ela não reduziu a frequência de MNPCE em nenhuma das concentrações testadas. Em todos os protocolos realizados houve o aumento da razão PCE/(PCE+NCE), demonstrando sua eficácia na redução da citotoxicidade induzida pela CPA. Houve variação entre os gêneros em alguns dos grupos experimentais. A avaliação da atividade antioxidante da ipriflavona revelou sua ausência de capacidade em doar hidrogênios para o radical DPPH, sugerindo que a mesma atua por meio de outros mecanismos, como por exemplo, inativação da atividade enzimática das isoenzimas do citocromo P-450
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Sudarshan, Nadathur R. "A study of antimutagenicity in yogurt." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27052.
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The purpose of this study was to identify antimutagens in yogurt active against the
experimental colon carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Our
initial experiments showed that acetone extracts of yogurt, or milk fermented by various
lactic acid bacteria were antimutagenic against MNNG and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl
(DMAB) in the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA 100). Further experiments carried
out with milk fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 191R showed that
the putative compounds were more soluble in DMSO than in water, and that extractability
of activity against MNNG and DMAB varied with pH, suggesting the presence of
ionizable groups.
Subsequent experiments demonstrated the antimutagenicity of yogurt. An acetone
extract of yogurt was found to be active against a range of mutagens and promutagens in
the Ames test. Simulation of fermentation by addition of lactic acid, lactic acid bacteria, or
both to milk did not increase antimutagenicity, suggesting that compounds responsible for
the activity may be formed during fermentation. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a known
dairy anticarcinogen, did not inhibit MNNG or DMAB indicating that other antimutagens
may be present in yogurt. Fractionation of the acetone extract by HPLC showed that anti-
MNNG and anti-DMAB activities did not co-elute, indicating that different compounds
were responsible for the two activities.
Using the Ames test to direct purification, isolation of an anti-MNNG active
compound was accomplished using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and C18 reversed phase medium pressure chromatographies. The antimutagen was identified as palmitic acid by:
a) co-elution with authentic palmitic acid on GC and HPLC columns, and b) by
comparison of mass and ¹³C-NMR spectra. Minor components of milk fat such as iso
methyl branched fatty acids (isopalmitic acid, isomargaric acid, isomyrsitic acid, and
isostearic acid) were found to be more active than their straight chain counterparts.
Isopalmitic acid also inhibited 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and the P450-mediated
activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The mechanism of
antimutagenesis against MNNG has not been established.Graduation date: 1996
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Huang, Hsiao-Wei, and 黃恔瑋. "The antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity of phytochemicals." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52600091422509035361.
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碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學研究所
92
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity of three phytochemicals, including chlorophyll and their derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanins and acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato. The antioxidantive substances included porphyrins, flavonols and anthocyanins were determinated. The antioxidative substances of acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato were also determined. The flavonols such as myricetin, quercetin, morin and kaempferol, and anthocyanins such as cyanidin and malvidin were determined. The antioxidative capacity was evaluated by the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay and by the inhibition percentage of conjugated diene formation in linolenic acid emulsion autoxidation system. The substances, such as chlorophyllin (CHL), pheophytin a (Phe a), pheophytin b (Phe b), quercetin, cyanidin and acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato were evaluated their antimutagenicity by Ames test. In results, the porphyrins contents were significantly rich in Taoyuan 2. The flavonols, such as morin and quercetin were significantly rich in Ipomoea batatas (L.)(red). The anthocyanins only existed in Ipomoea batatas (L.) (red). In TEAC assary, at 7.5μM and 100μg/ mL, the antioxidative capacity of flavonols, anthocyanins and acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato were more than 90%. Excepting CHL, the antioxidative capacity of chlorophyll and their derivatives were less than 50%. In general, the antioxidative capacity of chlorophyll and their derivatives were much less than that of flavonols and anthocyanins. In Ames test, CHL, Phe a, Phe b, cyanidin, quercetin and acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato had antimutagenicity effect. In S. typhimurium TA98 system, Phe a, Phe b and quercetin had the best inhibition percentage. In TA100 system, Phe a and cyanidin had the best inhibition percentage. In TA98 and TA100 systems, the various acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato had antimutagenicity effect, and the inhibition percentage of Taoyuan 2 was better than that of Ipomoea batatas (L.)(red). The TEAC percentage of samples treated with acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato was negative correlated with porphyrins but was positive correlated with flavonols and anthocyanins. In TA98 and TA100 systems, the antimutagenicity of samples treated with acid hydrolysates of Ipomoea batatas (L.)(red) was positive correlated with cyanidin while the antimutagenicity of samples treated with acid hydrolysates of Taoyuan 2 was positive correlated with Chl a. The TEAC percentage of CRCs and cyanidin were negative correlated with the antimutagenicity of TA98 while the TEAC percentage of CRCs, cyanidin and acid hydrolysates of Ipomoea batatas (L.)(red) were positive correlated with the antimutagenicity of TA100. In conclusion, the phytochemicals including chlorophyll and their derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanins, and acid hydrolysates of leafy sweet potato had antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity, but there was no identical correlation. Keywords: Chlorophyll, Flavonols, Anthocyanins, Phytochemicals, Antioxidative, TEAC, Ames test
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Li, Zhen Deng, and 李振登. "Antimutagenicity of glucose-tryptophan maillard reaction products." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41563656167487749661.
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Lo, Pei-Ren, and 羅培仁. "Mechanism and Antimutagenicity of Bifidobacteria against Benzo[a]pyrene." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08699078646383219494.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
91
Antimutagenic activities of MRS cultures of several probiotic bifidobacteria against a potent mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. These MRS cultures of bifidobacteria were neither toxic nor mutagenic. Most bifidobacterial cultures showed more than 50% inhibitory effect on B[a]P. B. bifidum CCRC14615, B. lactis Bb-12 and B. longum CCRC14634 showed significantly higher antimutagenicity than B. adolescentis CCRC14606, B. breve CCRC11846, and B. infantis CCRC14633 against B[a]P; however, the bioantimutagenic activities were lower. The cultures preincubated with mutagenic factors such as B[a]P and S9 mix displayed characteristic antimutagenic activities. Among these cultures, B. lactis exhibited the highest antimutagenicity. The cells of B. lactis and B. longum showed higher antimutagenic activities than their supernatants. The mutagenicity of B[a]P decreased as the reaction time of cells with B[a]P, S9 mix and B[a]P metabolites increased. According to this time-dependent inhibition study, the antimutagenicity of cells toward B[a]P was chiefly attributed to an interaction of cells with B[a]P and B[a]P metabolites. Crude cell walls of B. lactis and B. longum showed higher antimutagenic activities than heat-treated cells and cell extracts. Sequential preincubation studies showed that the main mechanism of antimutagenicity is action of desmutagenicity, involving the formation of chemical complexes between bifidobacteria, B[a]P, and B[a]P metabolites, and the inactivation of P450-mediated metabolism. The antimutagenic activities of bifidobacterial cells against B[a]P were also affected by the acidic and bile treatment mimicking gastrointestinal conditions. When bifidobacterial cells were treated at pH 2.0 for 3 h or 1% bile for 6 h, their antimutagenic activities against B[a]P were increased as compared to controls at pH 7.0 for 0 h. The viable counts substantially reduced to < 2.0 log cfu/ml after 3 h of incubation at pH 2.0, but the cells number at 1% bile for 6 h remained almost the same as original levels. After sequential acidic pH and bile treatments, B. lactis displayed the highest antimutagenic activity although its viable cells number was less than 2.0 log cfu/ml. B. infantis showed the highest survival counts (4.0 log cfu/ml), however its antimutagenic activity was less than B. lactis and B. longum. The antimutagenic activity of B. lactis against B[a]P was increased as pH values were increased from 2.0 to 7.0 and reaction time was extended from 1 to 3 h. However, antimutagenic activity was decreased as bile salts concentration was increased from 0.5 to 2.0%. The antimutagenic activity of B. lactis against B[a]P was increased in the presence of whole milk, semi-skimmed milk and skimmed milk. When B. lactis was preincubated with B[a]P and milk substrates in 1% bile for 6 h, its antimutagenic activity was increased to 99∼100%.
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HUANG, E.-CHU, and 黃爾竺. "Antimutagenicity of several probiotics against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64074816164441811318.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
91
The lactic acid bacteria (LABs) can improve nutrition bioavailability, stimulate the immune system, prevent diarrhea, decrease cholesterol level, maintain the mucosal integrity, and have the ability of antimutagenity/ antitumor. The LABs promote and support a beneficial balance of the autochthonous microbial population of GIT. Studies show probiotics can bind with mutagens-carcinogens; therefore, they can decrease the interaction of the mutagens and carcinogens when assimilating the products of probiotics. This study selected 9 strains from 15 strains LABs according to the antimutagenicity of cell suspensions. The 9 strains are Bifidobacteria bifidum CCRC 14615, B. infantis CCRC 14602, B. breve CCRC 11846, B. lactis Bb-12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, L. casei, L. acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCRC 14085. The LABs were treated against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) in different temp, pH, concentration and reaction time to understand the effect of various physical factors on the antimutagenicity and in advanced we isolated the crude cell walls and cell extracts to teat the two parts on the antimutagenicity against 4NQO. The antimutagenicities of 9 strains under heat shock treatment (42℃ for 15 min) and cold shock treatment (10℃ for 4 h) were 88∼96% and 66∼97% . After thermal death treatment (100℃ for 15 min), the antimutagenicities of probiotics were significanty less than 50% . The antimutagenicities of 9 strains under the pH 3.0 treatment were 54∼93% and the results showed this treatment increased the antimutagenicity of LABs. The concentration of LABs was 9 log CFU/ mL and it showed 2 to 25-fold of antimutageniciity against 4NQO to the 8 log CFU/ mL. When the reaction time of LABs and 4NQO were extened 20∼40 min, the antimutagenicities increased 14∼43% . Finally, the crude cell walls and cell extracts did not have the antimutagenicity and they did not bind with 4NQO, but the whole cell had 90∼94% antimutagenicity and bind with 80∼90% 4NQO.
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Wen, Jia-Ling, and 溫嘉玲. "Antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria against mutagen 9-aminoacridine." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72712453161428748755.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
90
The antimutagenic properties of eight strains of lactic acid bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum 15708 and B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1 and N1, Lactobacillus bulbaricus 448 and 449, Streptococcus thermophilus 573 and MC were examined against 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) by bacterial system (Ames test) and mammalian cell system (Comet assay and MTT cell viability assay). In Ames,the higher antimutagenicity was shown in whole cell of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1 ( 89.4﹪).The antimutagenicity of whole cell increased with the increase of the amount but fermented milk weak. The anyimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria was due to a whole cell action but not a metabolic products action. Both in Comet assay and MTT assay,the whole cell of lactic acid bacteria exhibited high protection against 9-AA-induced DNA damage and cyctoxicity in Intestine 407 cell. In this study, 9-AA, a direct-acting mutagenic/carcinogenic compound, was used as a representative compound for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHS) and the whole cell of lactic acid bacteria shown strongly inhibited the mutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria may due to the structure of whole cell. The results also demonstrate that showed lactic acid bacteria was able to reduce the DNA damaging effect caused by 9-AA in dose-dependent manner in vitro.We postulate that lactic acid bacteria may reduce the damage caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of food during various food preparation or cooking processes in vivo.
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謝孟荔. "Antimutagenicity of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57612629811304093971.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
92
In this study, soymilk was first fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcun thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis, Blfidobacterium infantis) alone or simultaneously. The antimutagenicity of soymilk and fermented soymilk against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and 3,2’-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl (DMAB) was then investigated with Ames test. Results revealed that fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased the antimutagenicity activity of soymilk. The antimutagenicity of fermented soymilk varied with the starter used. Soymilk fermented with both S. themophilus and B. infantis simultaneously exhibited an antimutagenicity of 85.07% and 85.78%, respectively, against 4-NQO and DMAB. They were the highest among the various fermented soymilk products tested. It was also noted that the antimutagenic activity of fermented soymilk against 4-NQO was increased as the cultivation time expended and coincided with the increase of the total viable population of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. While,this phenomenon was not observed when antimutagenic activity of fermented soymilk was tested against DMAB. Antimutagenic activity of the soymilk added with starter was found to be similar to that of soymilk, while lower than the fermented soymilk. This indicated that the increased antimutagenic activity observed with fermented soymilk was related to the fermentation process. Fermented soymilk exhibited no inhibitory effects toward 4-NQO or DMAB in the bio-antimutagenic assay. Blocking effect was the main mechanism which led to the observed antimutagenic effect against the mutagens tested.
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Chao, Wan-Chen, and 趙琬貞. "Studies on the antioxidative activity and antimutagenicity of yam extracts." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12417287988652010102.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
92
Abstract The purposes of this study were to compare the effect of different solvents and heating treatment(95℃/ 30min) on the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol components contents of extracts of peel and tuber of yam. The antioxidant activity of extracts of yam were evaluated by the power of DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion-chelation and total polyphenol contents. The mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of yam extracts were determined by the Ames test. The results showed that the antioxidant activity, including scavenging power of DPPH radical, reducing power and ferrous ion-chelation of the extract of yam peels and pulps were increased with the increase of test concentrations. Comparing the different solvents and heating treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts of yam peels and pulps, the 50% ethanolic extracts of yam peel and ethyl ether extracts showed higher antioxidant activity, up to 80-90% than other solvent extracts. Also, the heated treatment of yam extracts showed the higher antioxidant activity comparing with those unheated samples. The low correlation coefficient between total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were observed in the extract of yam peels and pulps. According to the Ames test of yam extract, eight different extracts of yam showed no mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA102. The heated 50% ethanolic yam peel extracts of 2nd red variety and ethyl ether peel extracts of China red variety showed 60% inhibitory effect on the oxidative mutagenicity of Salmonella typhimurium TA102 induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in both with the S9 mix and without S9 mix system.
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Hsieh, Meng-Li, and 謝孟荔. "Antimutagenicity of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16717469550316238462.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
92
In this study, soymilk was first fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcun thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis, Blfidobacterium infantis) alone or simultaneously. The antimutagenicity of soymilk and fermented soymilk against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and 3,2’-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl (DMAB) was then investigated with Ames test. Results revealed that fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased the antimutagenicity activity of soymilk. The antimutagenicity of fermented soymilk varied with the starter used. Soymilk fermented with both S. themophilus and B. infantis simultaneously exhibited an antimutagenicity of 85.07% and 85.78%, respectively, against 4-NQO and DMAB. They were the highest among the various fermented soymilk products tested. It was also noted that the antimutagenic activity of fermented soymilk against 4-NQO was increased as the cultivation time expended and coincided with the increase of the total viable population of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. While,this phenomenon was not observed when antimutagenic activity of fermented soymilk was tested against DMAB. Antimutagenic activity of the soymilk added with starter was found to be similar to that of soymilk, while lower than the fermented soymilk. This indicated that the increased antimutagenic activity observed with fermented soymilk was related to the fermentation process. Fermented soymilk exhibited no inhibitory effects toward 4-NQO or DMAB in the bio-antimutagenic assay. Blocking effect was the main mechanism which led to the observed antimutagenic effect against the mutagens tested.
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LIN, JIN-YUAN, and 林金源. "Studies on antimutagenicity of water extracts of sweet potato leaves." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32144350861234860645.
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Chan, Yu-Ru, and 詹幼如. "Studies on the safety, antimutagenicity and antioxidant activity of Glechoma hederacea." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pxf9q9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
97
Several research studies have demonstrated herbal plants contain various potential antioxidants, and these antioxidative components may be potential antimutagens or anticarcinogens. Glechoma hederacea is belong to Labiatae family. According to the archaic Chinese prescription, Glechoma hederacea is used for medication purpose, however, little literature on its biophysical functions is presently available. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of hot water extract from Glechoma hederacea (HWG). The total phenol and anthocyanin contents of extracts were also measured. The result showed that HWG possessed antioxidative characteristics including α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl, 2,2‘-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline -6-sulphonic acid) and superoxide anion radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+-chelating ability, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. It was also found that antioxidative activities of the extract increased with increasing concentractions. The mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of the extracts were investigated using Ames test. The tester strains included Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 with / without the metabolic activator (S9 mix). The result showed that the extract had no toxicity and mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains. The extracts (0.31~5.00 mg/plate) had marked inhibition effect against the mutagenicity of the diagnostic mutagens, 2-aminofluorene, 2-anthramine and tert-butylhydrogen peroxide, in all tester strains with the S9 mix system. The results suggest that the hot water extracts of Glechoma headrace have antioxidative activity and it is safe in genotoxicity and exhibit the antimutagenic potential.
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Chen, Shun Li, and 陳順利. "Studies on the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of onion and shallot oleoresins/oils." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26971867444023197772.
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peng, Hui-Hsuan, and 彭惠鉉. "Evaluation of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of nine non-traditionally edible plants." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35828413540347641141.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
85
The Ames test was used to evaluate the toxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic effects from edible parts of nine non- traditionally edible plants, including Crassocephalum creidioides S. Moore (Cra), Sechium americanum Poir (Sec), Portulaca oleracea L. (Por), Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var. (Bou), Corchorus capsularis L. (Cor), Centella asiatica L. Urban (Cen), Solanum nigrum L. (Sol), Basella rubra L. (Bas), and Anisogonium esculentum Presl (Ani). Comet assay was further used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of the plant extract with cytotoxic effect. Only green fruit of Sol in the absence of S9 mix showed toxicity to TA100 and Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) with dose-dependence. For TA100, viability were 75, 36 and 42% corresponding to the dose of 1, 3 and 5 mg/plate of green fruit of Sol, respectively; For CHO cell, cell viability was 93.7, 91.1, 91.3, 90.1, 82.8, 39.5, 5.4 and 0.9% respect to the dose of 0, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/ml, respectively. Also it did not induce DNA damge within the dose range of 0-80 mg/ml.The antimutagenic potencies of the water extracts of the same nine plants against the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]quinine (IQ), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO) to TA98 and TA100 were investigated. For IQ in TA98, Sec and Sol exhibited strong antimutagenic activity; Cra, Cor, Bas, and Ani exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Bou, and Cen exhibited weak antimutagenic activity. For IQ in TA100, Sec and Sol exhibited strong antimutagenic activity; Cra, Bou, and Cor exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Cen, Bas, and Ani exhibited weak antimutagenic activity. For B[a]P in TA98, Cra and Sec exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Cen exhibited weak antimutagenic activity; whereas Cor, Bas, and Ani showed no antimutagenicity, and Por, Bou, and Sol had marginal or no antimugenic activities. For B[a]P in TA100, Cra and Sol exhibited moderate antimutagenic activity; Por, Cor, and Ani exhibited weak antimutagenic activity; whereas Sec and Cen showed no effect, and Bou and Bas had marginal effect. All samples exhibited no inhibitory effect on mutagenicity of NQNO to TA98 and TA100, except the Sol showed strong antimutagenicity to NQNO in TA100. Moreover, the mutagenicity of NQNO toward TA100 was enhanced by Sec, Por, Bou, Cen, Bas, and Ani. The antimutagenic activity of water extracts of Sec reduced after heated at 100蚓 for 20 min. And we also found that heat-stable antimutagens were produced in the plant extract preparation process (homogenized, centrifuged, and freeze-dried). The water extract of Sec was preliminary fractionated with Amicon membrane filter. Fraction with molecular weight above 30000 showed strongest antimutagenic acticity for Sec. Sec contained both heat-labile and heat-stable antimutagens. The nature of the antimutagenic components was further evaluated and compared with their antimutagenic activity. The results suggest that peroxidase is the major antimutagenic component in Sec. In addition, polyphenols is one of the heat-stable antimutagens.Key words: non-traditionally edible plants, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, toxicity, fractionation.
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Lin, Jo-Han, and 林若涵. "The effects of Moringa oleifera on lipid metabolism, antioxidative activity and antimutagenicity." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34383734477459723828.
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碩士輔仁大學
營養科學系
96
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is rich in various nutrients, extensively uses in treating a variety of diseases in Southeast Asia. The study was to investigate the effects of M. oleifera on blood lipids, antioxidant capacity and antimutagenic activities. The ethyl acetate or methanol extracts from different parts of M. oleifera (roots, stems, leaves) were used to study the antioxidant activity in virto in experiment I. The 48 male syrian hamsters, 5 weeks old, were used in experiment II. Animals were divided into four groups and randomly switched to high fat diet contains 15% fat for 6 weeks. i.e., positive control group (with vitamin E), control group (without vitamin E), and low and high dose group (diet contained 0.7% and 2.1% M. oleifera leaves powder, respectively). The methanol extracts from different parts of M. oleifera (roots, stems, leaves) were used to study the antimutagenic activity by Ames test in experiment III. The results showed that methanol extracts from M. oleifera had better antioxidant capacity than that with ethyl acetate extraction in vitro. Moreover, the extracts of leave had the best antioxidative ability than that of stems and roots. In experiment II, hamsters fed M. oleifera leaves powder reduced TC and TG concentration in serum and liver and reduced LDL-C in serum, but also reduced serum HDL-C. Furthermore, hamsters fed M. oleifera leaves powder increased serum and liver α–tocopherol concentration and liver GPx activity, but also increased serum and liver TBARS. Moreover, there was no significant difference in serum TEAC among four groups. In experiment III, the methanol extracts from M. oleifera leaves had antimutagenicity on S. typhimurium TA 100 at the dose of 0.02-0.04 mg/plate. In conclusion, the methanol extracts from M. oleifera leaves had the best antioxidant capacity in vitro and also had antimutagenicity at low dose extracts. M. oleifera leave can reduce lipid concentration in hamsters, but had no expectable results on antioxidative activity.
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Han, Chang-Yu, and 韓昌諭. "Processing and the Antioxidative and Antimutagenicity Activities of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Drink." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01265283753061775188.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
90
The root of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is a popular food material among consumers in Japan and Taiwan. It is usually consumed as afresh commodity, fried or pickled. It can also be dried and packed in tea bags. However, to brew the drink from burdock tea bag is not all convenient and from burdock tea bag the drink brewed has only weak flavor. This study is to develop low-acid a burdock drink with strong flavor. The antioxidative and antimutagenicity activities of the product will also be investigated. The result suggested that burdock dried in three steps then and extracted in boiling water produced a drink with good flavor. The drink containing Fructus arctii extract has more arctiin concentration, and its flavor can be improved by adding liquorice and sugar. The product’s shelf life in estimated to be over one year at room temperature by 37℃ incubation test. The burdock and Fructus arctii extracts exhibited marked antioxidative activity, by indicated by its inhibition peroxidation of linoleic acid in ferric thiocyanate test. It also exhibited a strong effect on the elimination of DPPH radicals, superoxides, hydrogen peroxide and a strong reducing power towards peroxides. In antimutagenicity test, the extract may inhibit the activity indirect mutagen NQNO the up to 50%, may inhibit the activity indirect mutagen B[a]P the up to 80%.
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Wang, Yen-Ju, and 王妍如. "Effect of Heating and Storage Conditions on the Antimutagenicity of Black Soybean Koji." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81430159365382981814.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
95
In the present study, black soybean koji were first prepared with Aspergillus awamori. They were then subjected to heating at various temperatures (40, 60, 80 and 100℃) for 30 min or storage at either 4 or 25℃ under different packaging conditions (dessicant and deoxidant, dessicant, deoxidant, without dessicant and deoxidant) for 120 days. It was found that the anthocyanin content decreased significantly（p＜0.05） in black soybean koji after heating at 80℃ or higher temperature. While the total phenolic content reduced significantly （p＜0.05） after heating at 40℃ or higher. Heating at 80℃ or higher for 30 min also resulted in a significant reduction（p＜0.05）in the antimutagenicity of the methanol extract of black soybean koji against 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and Benzo[a]pyrene. However, extent of reduction in antimutagenicity varied with the test strains of S. typhimurium and the kind of mutagens examined. Regardless of storage temperature and packaging conditions, content of total phenolic, anthocyanin and antimutagenic activity of the black soybean koji decreased as the storage period was extended. Higher retention of total phenolic, anthocyanins and the antimutagenic activity was noted in black soybean koji held at 4℃ than at 25℃. Among the various packaging conditions examined, black soybean koji stored with dessicant and deoxidant exhibited the highest retention of total phenolics, anthocyanin and antimutagenic activity during storage. While the poorest retention was noted with black soybean koji stored without dessicant and deoxident.
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Yang, Hsin-Yi, and 楊欣儀. "Antimutagenicity and the Antimicrobial Activities of Propolis Against Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus mutans." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63011439574504657739.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
92
Propolis is a heterogeneous material composed of really complex substances, produced by honeybees mixing with the gum of various plants, pollen, bee wax and enzymes secreted by bees. The present study used 80% ethanolic extract of propolis to examination antimutagenic and antibacterial activities against Listeria monocytogenes BCRC 14930 and Streptococcus mutans BCRC 15256. Results showed that different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) (7.5～60 μg/plate) did not present toxicity and mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Antimutagenic activity of EEP (60 μg/plate) against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) was 88.8%. The Data showed EEP have antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes BCRC 14930 and S. mutans BCRC 15256. Besides, S. mutans BCRC 15256 showed more susceptibility than L. monocytogenes BCRC 14930. Temperature, pH and cell age were found to affect the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes BCRC 14930 and S. mutans BCRC 15256 to EEP. At 37℃ EEP showed stronger antimicrobial activity of L. monocytogenes BCRC 14930 and S. mutans BCRC 15256 than at 4℃ or 25℃. Antimicrobial activity of EEP in acid environment was better than in base environment. Cells in the mid-exponential phase were most sensitive, followed by the late exponential phase cells and stationary phase cells. In addition, EEP possessed good thermal stability, after heating at 50, 80 or 100℃ for 1 h, its antibacterial activity remained unchanged. It was also noted that EEP caused the leakage of 260-nm-absorbing materials (nucleotide, DNA, RNA) from L. monocytogenes BCRC 14930 and S. mutans BCRC 15256 cells.
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Chen, Shu-Ju, and 陳淑茹. "Studies on the antioxidative activity and antimutagenicity of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther extracts." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64353847753644761661.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
91
Abstract Several research studies have demonstrated herbal plants contain various potential antioxidants, and these antioxidative components may inhibit mutagen and cancer. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in finding natural herbal plants that exhibit antioxidative and antimutagenicity activity. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and antimutagenicity activity of water (GWE), 50% enthanolic (GE50) and 95% enthanolic (GE95) extracts from Graptopetalum paraguayense. The total phenol and anthocyanin contents of the extracts were also measured. The result showed that GWE, GE50 and GE95 possessed antioxidative characteristics including the abilities of radical scavenging , reducing, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. It was found that the antioxidative activities of all the extracts increased with the increase of their concentrations. GE50 showed the greatest ability of Fe2+-chelation among the extracts and had the highest total phenol and anthocyanin contents. The mutagenic and antimitagenic effects of Graptopetalum paraguayense extracts were investigated using Ames test to serve as a safety evaluation method. The results showed that all the extracts had no mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535). The antimutagenicities of all the extracts had 100% inhibition effect in the S9 mix system toward all tester strains, and all the extracts showed inhibitory effect on the oxidative mutagenicity of Salmonella typhimuriumTA102 induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) in both with the S9 mix and without S9 mix systems except GE95 showing no inhibitory effect in S9 mix system.
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Tsai, Chih-Hung, and 蔡至宏. "Antimutagenicity of water-soluble substance of adlay testa and its isolation and purification." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24265932305041944263.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
85
During antimutagenicity study of adlay, our laboratory found that boilingwater extract of adlay testa(AT) had strong antimutagenic effect on IQ, butthere wa s still no any report on its mechanism and relating component. Themain purpose of this study was using AT as raw material to investigateantimutagenic effect of the boiling water extract of AT and its optimalextraction condition, and t ry to isolate and purify antimutagenic component.The result showed that (1)No mutagenicity or toxicity in Salmonellatyphimurium TA98 was observed with the b oiling water extract of AT;(2)according to the result of RSM design, antimutag enic effect of the boilingwater extract of AT was increased with increasing bo iling time and the ratioof water to material; (3)in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 system, the extractof AT had no antimutagenic effect on NQNO, but had stron g effect on IQ, whichbelonged to desmutagenic, but not bio-antimutagenic; (4)a fter the extract wasfractionated into four fractions by membrane filters, the fraction which MWwas more than 3,000 had higher antimutagenic effect; (5)solub le dietary fiberobtained from the extract of AT had much stronger antimutegeni c effectsespecially the fraction which MW was between 30,000 and 100,000; (6)t heextract of AT also had good antioxidant activity and scavenging effects onsu peroxide anion and DPPH free radical.
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Hsu, Chien-min, and 許建民. "Antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria against mutagen N-methyl-N''-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89038996013275669392.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
89
Eight strains of lactic acid bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum 15708 and B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-1 and N1, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 448 and 449, Streptococcus thermophilus 573 and MC were investigated for their antimutagenicity against N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) by bacterial system (Ames test) and mammalian cell system (Comet assay and MTT cell viability assay). In Ames test, the higher antimutagenicity was shown in milk cultured with B. longum B6 and L. acidophilus LA-1 (95.3﹪and 93.8﹪). After the preincubation of the cultured milk for 30 min, the antimutagenicity of all strains expect B. longum B6 and L. acidophilus LA-1 were increased. To study the antimutagenicity of whole cell, casein (one of the milk compounds) and selected metabolites (cystein), MNNG-binding capacity of the whole cell was found and they could reduce the amount of His+ revertants in Ames test. The antimutagenicity of cystein increased with the increase of the amount but casein was weak. The antimutagenicity of lactic acid bacteria was due to a desmutagenic action but not a bio-antimutagenic action. Both in Comet assay and MTT assay, the milk cultured with B. longum B6、L. acidophilus LA-1、 L. bulgaricus 449 and S. thermophilus MC exhibited higher protection against MNNG-induced DNA damage and cyctoxicity in Intestine 407 cell. The eight strains of lactic acid bacteria did not reduce the nitrate to nitrite. The milk cultured with lactic acid bacteria and MRS cell-free supernatant could inhibit the growth of five strains of nitrate-reduction bacteria. MNNG cannot induce formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation to increase oxidative stress. In this study, MNNG, a direct-acting mutagenic/carcinogenic compound, was used as a representative compound for N-nitroso compounds and the milk cultured with lactic acid bacteria shown strongly inhibited the mutagenicity of MNNG. The results showed that the antimutagenicity of cultured milk may due to the MNNG-binding capacity of whole cell and some metabolites produced during fermentation (such as thiol-containing breakdown products of protein). We postulate that the lactic acid bacteria may reduce the damage cause by nitrite in vivo, if them could not reduce nitrate to nitrite and decrease the production of nitrite.
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Chen, Szu-yu, and 陳思妤. "Studies on the antimutagenicity and antioxidant activity of 50% ethanolic extracts from Glechoma hederacea." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ep8xrh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
97
Glechoma hederacea is belonging to the Labiatae family. In the Chinese population, the plant Glechoma hederacea has been used as a herbal medicine for example in treatment of asthma, bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, inflammation and cold resistance. However, little literature on its biophysical functions is presently available. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidative, mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of 50% ethanolic extracts from Glechoma hederacea (GHE). The total phenol and anthocyanin contents of extracts were also measured. The results showed that the total phenol and anthocyanin contents in GHE were 32.38 ± 0.61 mg as gallic acid /g and 2.51 ± 0.01 μmol/g, respectively. The GHE possessed antioxidative characteristics including α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl, radical-scavenging effects, Fe2+ -chelating ability, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. It was found that antioxidative activities of the extracts increased with the increase of their concentrations. The extracts showed better Fe2+-chelating ability than trolox and better lipid-inhibitory effect than gallic acid and caffeic acid. The mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of the extracts were investigated using Ames test to serve as a safety evaluation method. The tester strains included Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 with / without the metabolic activator (S9 mixture). The results showed that the extracts had no mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains. The extracts (0.31~5.00 mg/plate) showed antimutagenicities with the presence of S9 mixture toward all tester strains, except Salmonella typhimuriumTA102. The antimutagenic effects were dose-dependent. These results suggest that the 50% ethanolic extracts of Glechoma headrace have antioxidative activity; besides, it is safe in genotoxicity and exhibit the antimutagenic potential.
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Tsai, Ya Hui, and 蔡雅卉. "Antimutagenicity of bifido milk against mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and Benzo[a]pyrene." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40008379981171854177.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
89
This study aimed to investigate the antimutagenicity of bifido milk during fermentation, and the effect of antimutagenicity of fer-mented milk added galactooligosaccharide, and that of antimuta- genicity of acid and bile treated fermented milk. Results indicated that the increase in fermentation time signifi-cantly increased desmutagenicity with all strains tested against the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO), and it took 48h to reach the maximum inhibition. Bifidobacterium longum CCRC 14634 showed the highest inhibition percentage (88%). The inhibition per-centages of B. adolescentis CCRC 14606, B. infantis CCRC 14602, B. breve CCRC 11846 and B. lactics were all in the second place respec-tively. B. bifidum CCRC 14615 got the lowest inhibition percentage. The bioantimutagenicity against 4NQO did not increase with fermen-tation time, which had 80% inhibition, no matter before or after fer-mentation. The destimutagenicity against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was not different between fermented and nonfermented milk, and both of them had 60% inhibition. Bioantimutagenicity against B[a]P didn’t af-fect neither fermented nor nonfermented milk. Bacteria in the fermented milk affected the antimutagenicity against 4NQO mostly; next were acid and other products. The increase in fermented milk concentrations increased antimutagenicity against 4NQO. But in the same concentration as fermented milk (0.1g/ mL), it lost half of antimutagenicity compared with fermented milk. Some compositions may be destroyed during lyophilized procedure. Skim milk added galactooligosaccharide increase antimuta- genicity against 4NQO during fermentation. The antimutagenicity of B. longum CCRC 14634 raised from 88% in 48 hours to 93% in 24 hours, and that of B. adolescentis CCRC 14606 also raised from 68% in 48 hours to 95% in 24 hours. Skim milk added galactooligosaccharide could increase bacterial count to 1010 cfu/ mL. However, the final pH (4.1) and acidity (1.0%) were not different from those of the fermented milk without galactooligosaccharide. Simulated gastric juice didn’t affect the survival of bifidobacteria. The increase in exposed time to simulated gastric juice increased an-timutagenicity against 4NQO. Antimutagenicity was not different un-der the condition of both pH 2.0 and 3.0. The increase in exposed time to simulated gastric juice decreased antimutagenicity against B[a]P. Bi-fidobacterium was not apt to survive in 2% bile salt solution, bacterial count couldn’t be detected after exposing for 2 hours. Bifidobacteria were reduced about 4 log cfu/mL after exposing to 0.5% bile salt solu-tion for 2 hours. The increase in exposed time to bile salt solution in-creased antimutagenicity against 4NQO, but antimutagenicity against B[a]P didn’t show significantly difference.
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LI, HUI, and 李輝. "Antimutagenicity of flavonoid and anthraquinone derivatives against IQ: structure-activity relationships and action mechanisms." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65127826430625904572.
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劉凱崴. "Studies on the Fermentation Technology and the Characteristics of Antioxidation and Antimutagenicity of Yam Yogurt." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15549524349330926700.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系
90
Yam is one of important material of traditional Chinese herbs and health-keeping medicines. Products of lactic acid bacteria have a very close relationship with our diet for a long time and yogurt is one of them. This study aims to integrate yam into yogurt to develop a new health food. In the early progressing research work, 10% yam yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum CCRC 10069 (1%) and CCRC 12250 (2%) presented the wheying off phenomenon and the precipitation of yam starch particle during the fermentation and storage periods. To reducing syneresis, four extracelluar adhesive substance (EAS) producing lactic acid bacteria (EAS+ lactic) were inoculated into the original yam yogurt base with an extra 0-6% skim milk powder addition, and the EAS producing (EAS+) starter combinations were also employed. A significant decrease in syneresis has been observed in six groups with EAS+ lactic starters while compared to the control group. The largest reduction of syneresis (from 43% to 30%) has been observed from the group containing combinations of Lb. plantarum CCRC 10069 (2%) and Lc. lactis CCRC 12315 (3%) with 6% skim milk powder addition in the yam yogurt, which has been stored at 4oC for three days. One percent yam boiling aqueous solutions have been hydrolyzed by cellulase R-10 (E/S = 3% or 6%) for 30 and 21 hr, respectively, and then digested by 50 unit -amylase for 2 hr. The concentration of reducing sugar of such solution was recorded as 14.78 and 16.57 mg/mL, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography was used to analyze the change of carbohydrate and protein compositions in yam aqueous solution from enzyme hydrolysis. The main component in yam boiling aqueous solutions after hydrolyzed by polysaccharide-digesting enzymes is probably glycoprotein, depending upon the results derived from GPC observation. In the following yam yogurt production, this saccharide digesting enzyme treatment was proved to solve most yam starch precipitation problem. As 2% yam yogurt base with extra 6% added skim milk powder was fermented with Lb. plantarum CCRC 10069 (2%) and Lc. lactis CCRC 12315 (3%), the results showed that the pH value of this product reached 4.6 before fermented at 37oC for 18 hr. The products of yam yogurt made with hydrolyzed yam aqueous solution mixed with skim milk, the pH value of yam yogurt declined with increasing fermentation time. The pH value of group containing treated by cellulase R-10 (3% or 6%) and 50 unit a-amylase could decrease to 4.5 in 12 hr fermentation. The titrable acidity of 2% yam add products is also higher while comparing to the control group, which as 0.93% vs. 0.80%. Titrable acidity also achieved to 1.03-1.41% in those yam yogurt groups with pre-hydrolyzed yam aqueous solution. Both mold/yeast count and coliforms count (CFU/g) have not been detected during the 48 hr fermentation time. The number of lactic acid bacteria remained above 108 CFU/g for yam yogurt stored at 4oC for 14 days. In the evaluation on the antioxidation effect of yam yogurt, the ability for scavenging DPPH free radical was examined, and yam yogurt cold water or hot water extracts (50 mg/mL) performed a antioxidative activity as 15-19% and 16-18%, respectively. While inhibiting linoleic acid produced hydroperoxide was used to evaluate the antioxidation effect, both yam yogurt cold water and hot water extracts have better antioxidative activity than plain yogurt did. As to measure the ability of chelating on Fe (II) ion for evaluating the antioxidation effect, the results showed that yam cold water or hot water extracts (10 mg/mL) and its hydrolyzed solution (10 mg/mL) were all stronger than the yam yogurt extracts. Both four groups of yam yogurts and their 1% yam yogurt lyophilized powder rehydrated aqueous solutions have good performance on inhibiting S. typhimurium TA100 mutation induced by 4NQO or B[a]P, the antimutagenicity observed were 58-72% and 52-59% as well as 71-81% and 54-81%, respectively. The antimutagenicity ability of exhibited by B[a]P was better than 4NQO. However, the antimutagenicity ability of yam cold water or hot water extracts were not so pronounced, especially for yam hot water extracts the mutation inhibition capability was below 1%. Although, after yam has been hydrolyzed by polysaccharide-digesting enzymes, three hydrolytic solutions showed the potentials to inhibit mutations, that induced by 4NQO and B[a]P, were from 1-5% and 1-9% to 35-65% and 31-49%, respectively.
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Lee, An-Yen, and 李安韻. "Probiotic soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and its antimutagenicity against 4-Nitroquoline-1-Oxide." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00945055181860246068.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
91
Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the fermentation of soymilk with five commercial probiotics such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis. Results indicated that these five probiotics could grow in soymilk medium and their final viable cells number could reach to 107∼108 CFU/ml. Probiotic soymilk was prepared by fermenting soymilk product to pH 4.6, and then evaluated its sensory preference. It showed that soymilk fermented with L. helveticus and L. lactis were the most popular. Therefore, probiotic soymilk fermented with these two strains was tested in the follow-up experiments. In acid tolerance test, these two strains were able to maintain viable cells more than 108 CFU/ml at pH 3 for 4 h. Cells number of L. helveticus decreased 5.7 log after treatment at pH 2.5 for 3 h. On the other hand, L. helveticus in fermented soymilk decreased 1.3 log after treatment at pH 2.5 for 4 h. L. lactis decreased 3.7 log after treatment at pH 2.5 for 4 h; while in soymilk under the same treatment L. lactis could survive for 4 h without any loss of cell viability. L. helveticus could not survive at pH 2, while in fermented soymilk this strain could survive for 3 h and decrease 6.8 log. L. lactis could survive at pH 2 for 1 h and decrease 1.7 log. In fermented soymilk this strain could survive for 3 h and decrease 6.7 log. In bile tolerance tests, these two strains could survive in MRS broth contain 1-2% bile, their final cells numbers were more than 109 CFU/ml. Antimutagenic activity of soymilk fermented with L. helveticus and L. lactis against 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) was 58% and 75%, respectively.
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Hung, Jui-Ling, and 洪瑞琳. "Antimutagenicity of lactic acid fermentation vegetables extracts against 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide and Benzo[a]pyrene." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90986382119491485130.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
93
This study examined the antimutagenic activities of two kinds of lactic acid fermented vegetables Kimchi and Sauerkraut against a direct-mutagen, 4 -nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO), and an indirect- mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA100. Results indicated that the lactic acid fermented vegetables methanol extracts and water extracts were neither toxic nor mutagenic, whether it existed rat liver extracts (S9 mix) or not. Most Kimchi or Sauerkraut extracts of a concentration of 5 mg/plate showed more than 50% inhibitory effect on 4NQO or B[a]P. This result meant Kimchi or Sauerkraut extracts have antimutagenic activities. The raise of doses of Kimchi and Sauerkraut extracts could increase the antimutagenic activities against 4NQO or B[a]P on S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA100 while extracts were within the rage of concentrations from 0.625 to 5 mg/plate. That showed dose-dependency in the concentration of extracts and the antimutagenic activities of Kimchi and Sauerkraut. According to the preincubation studies, it also discovered that the main mechanism of antimutagenicity against 4NQO is action of desmutagenicity and it against B[a]P is action of blocking effect. It was further studied the effect of antimutagenic activities by adding five strains of bifidobacteria inducing Bifidobacterium bifidum BCRC 14615, B. breve BCRC 11846, B. infantis BCRC 14602, B. longum BCRC 14634 and B. lactis Bb-12. The results showed the antimutagenic activities change by the kind of bifidobacteria and mutagens. When added B. infantis or B. lactis to Sauerkraut, the extracts have measurable effect of antimutagenicity against 4NQO or B[a]P on S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA100 which are higher than the treatment without bifidobacteria. Out of all the groups, the extracts of Kimchi or Sauerkraut adding B. lactis have significantly antimutagenic activities which higher than the treatment without bifidobacteria.
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Shen, Chia-Chi, and 沈嘉琪. "Studies on Antioxidation and Antimutagenicity of Lactic Acid Fermented Yams and Their Biological Activity on Mammalian Cells." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30738467430465465871.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系
91
Three groups lactic acid bacteria (LAB), group A: Lb. plantarum CCRC10069 and CCRC12250, group B: Lb. plantarum CCRC12250 and Lc. lactis CCRC12315, and group C: Lb. plantarum CCRC12250 and Lc. lactis CCRC12315, fermented 2% aqueous solution of four yams (Keelung, Chidu, Mingjian, and Tainung No. 2). The antioxidation and antimutagenicity characteristics of these four fermented yams and their effects on the biology activity on mammalian cells were studied. In the fermentation experiments of four 2% yams aqueous solutions showed LAB count were 8.2-8.5 log CFU/mL. Fermented yams solution were treated with 50 unit a-amylase, b-cellulase, and a-amylase/b-cellulase, the LAB count can be raised to 8.7-8.9 log CFU/mL. In the antioxidative effect as measurement on inhibition of hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid oxidantion, four fermented yams solution with 10 mg/mL concentration obtained antioxidative activity > 90% inhibition that was better than the four yams aqueous solution without fermentation. While four yams aqueous solution were pretreated with polysaccharide-digesting enzymes and followed by fermention with group A, B, or C LAB, the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were decreased to 58-90%. As to the ability of chelating on Fe (II) ion, the results indicated that four yams fermented products performed 60-95% chelating effect on Fe (II) ion. When four yams aqueous solutions were pretreated with polysaccharide-digesting enzymes, their ability on chelating Fe (II) ion were decreased to 50-81%. The ability for scavenging DPPH free radical was examined, and the results showed that no matter treated with or without polysaccharide-digesting enzyme, the four yams fermented products present 10-18% scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals. The results on the toxicity and mutagenicity tests showed no significant difference. The inhibition of Sal. typhimurium reversion induced by 4NQO performed by Mingjian yam fermented by group B LAB and Tainung No. 2 yam fermented by C group LAB were both 61.2%. Four yams fermented products showed inhibition on Sal. typhimurium TA98 reversion that induced by B[a]P, the antimutagenicity observed were 33.6-48.7%. Chidu yam was pretreated with 50 unit b-cellulase and then group C LAB inhibition effect on Sal. typhimurium TA100 mutation that induced by 4NQO, Tainung No. 2 yam aqueous solution pretreated with 50 unit a-amylase/b-cellulase group B LAB have good performance on inhibiting Sal. typhimurium TA100 mutation with induced by B[a]P, the antimutagenicity observed was 87.1%. The growth-promotion or -inhibition ability of four yams fermented to immuno-cells line, HL-60, UMФ, THP-1, and HB4C5, showed no significant difference to the control groups. Chidu yam fermented by group A LAB could decrease the viability of K562 cell after 24 hours incubation. The results on DNA fragmentation experiment indicate that the cause of the death of K562 cell could be apoptosis.
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Hung, Yu-Ling, and 洪玉玲. "Antimutagenicity of Hsian-tsao extracts and its protective effect on DNA damage in human lymphocytes by single cell gel electrophoresis assay." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46807966581079861725.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
86
The toxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic effects of extracts (waters, methanol and ethyl acetate) from Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.) were investigated using the Ames test. The results showed that water extracts of Hsian-tsao (WEHT) had no toxicity toward Salmonella typhyimurium TA98 and TA100 either with or without S9 mix. All the extracts showed no mutagenicity to S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited a similarly inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), which was stronger than that of water extracts. The inhibitory effect of WEHT on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ) and B[a]P increased with an increase of the concentration; it showed a 90% inhibitory effect at a concentration of 2.5 mg/plate. The WEHT from three growing areas exhibited an inhibitory effect of over 90% on the mutagenicity of IQ toward TA98 at a concentration of 2.5-5.0 mg/plate. These three samples also showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in antimutagenicity toward IQ.The content of special components in Hsian-tsao and water extracts of Hsian-tsao in relation to their antimutagenicity was evaluated. The content of ascorbic acid in WEHT from Hua-lian, Jia-yih and Quan-shi was 6.63, 6.47 and 3.16 mg/g, respectively. The content of polyphenol in Hsian-tsao from different growing areas was in the order of Jia-yih>Quan- shi>Hua-lian. The content of polyphenol in WEHT from different growing areas was in the order of Hua-lian (238.7 mg/g)>Jia-yih (215.7 mg/g)>Quan-shi (144.3 mg/g). WEHT contained only a small amount of chlorophyll whereas Hsian-tsao contained a high amount of chlorophyll. Hsian-tsao contained a high amount of b- carotene and a trace level of a-tocopherol; however, these two components were not detected in WEHT. The WEHT from different growing areas showed an inhibitory effect of over 90% on the mutagenicity of IQ toward TA98 at a concentration of 2.5-5.0 mg/ plate. The inhibitory effect of WEHT on the mutagenicity of IQ correlated well (r2=0.76, P<0.05) with its polyphenol content. Some correlation was also found between the ascorbic acid content and antimutagenicity of WEHT. However, the antimutagenicity of WEHT was not significantly (P>0.05) correlated with its chlorophyll content.The protective effect of water extracts from Hsian-tsao (WEHT) on DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by UV-C and/or H2O2 was evaluated using single cell electrophoresis (COMET assay). No toxicity was found in WEHT toward human lymphocytes. WEHT did not cause DNA damage at lower concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL while it did cause a slight DNA damage at a concentration of 0.5-2.5 mg/ mL when compared with the control group. When WEHT was mixed with H2O2 for reaction, it exhibited a slight inhibitory effect on DNA damage induced by H2O2. Moreover, when WEHT and lymphocytes were irradiated by UV-C and then repaired for 35 min, the DNA damage was reduced with an increase of the concentration of WEHT. Thus, WEHT could reduce the UV-C-induced DNA damage, and WEHT had a more protective effect on UV-C than on H2O2-induced DNA damage. The protective effect of WEHT on DNA damage might be due to the fact that it contains polyphenol compounds. However, WEHT showed different protective effects on DNA damage induced by different treatments.In conclusion, WEHT possessed a good antimutagenicity and protective effect on human lymphocytes. These results might be attributable to the polyphenols and/or active components in WEHT.
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Wu, Chi-Hao, and 吳啟豪. "Antimutagenicity of water extracts from Cassia tora L. prepared under different degrees of roasting and their protective effects on DNA damage." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83381927296077852552.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
87
In the present study, antimutagenicity and the protective effects on DNA damage of water extracts from Cassia tora L. (WECT) treated with different degrees of roasting (unroasted and roasted at 150, 200, and 250℃) were evaluated by Ames test and the Single cell gel electrophoresis assay. No toxicity or mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 was found in the WECT at a dose of 0.25-5 mg per plate with and without S9 mix. WECT had a very marked and dose-dependent inhibition effects on the Aroclor 1254-hepatic S9-mediated mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a: 3': 2'-d) imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1). The antimutagenicity of WECT decreased with an increasing roasting temperature in the following order: unroasted＞150℃＞200℃＞250℃. For strain TA98, the IC50 of water extracts of unroasted Cassia tora L. (WEUCT) toward B[a]P, Glu-P-1, IQ and Trp-P-1 were 1.07, 0.57, 0.15 and 0.15 mg/mL; whereas for strain TA100, the IC50 were 0.14, 0.17, 0.48 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. Neither the mutagenicity of MNNG nor that of NQNO was suppressed by WECT in TA98 and TA100. WECT had no inhibitory effects toward IQ and B[a]P in the bio-antimutagenic assay. Mutagen-inhibitor interaction (molecular complex formation) could be illustrated by a change in the UV spectrum, suggesting that WEUCT may act as an "interceptor molecule", interacting with mutagens directly and limiting their bioavailability. Methoxy- and ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities of rat microsomes, linked to cytochrome CYP-450 1A1 and 1A2 monooxygenases catalyzing N-hydroxylation of mutagens, were effectively inhibited by WEUCT (98.0 % and 89.3 %). The NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450 activity was similarly inhibited, implying the inhibitory effect on the CYP-450 activity may be, at least in part, due to an impairment of the electron transfer from NADPH to the cytochrome. In addition, WEUCT showed 84.7 % scavenging effect on superoxide anion generated in the activation process of IQ by S9 mix in electron paramagentic resonance (EPR) system. The results presented herein suggest that the antimutagenicity of WECT were due to a desmutagenic action, but not a bioantimutagenic action. WECT exhibited no cytotoxicity to human lymphocytes at a concentration of 0.1-2 mg/mL, the cell viability was greater than 95 %. However, in the COMET assay, WECT caused a different extents of DNA damage in human lymphocytes at a concentration over 0.5 mg/mL, especially the sample of roasted at 250℃ (Tail moment=15). All three types of WECT (unroasted and roasted at 150, and 250℃) presented antigenotoxic effects on DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by Trp-P-1 and in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05). At a concentration of 2 mg/mL, the inhibitory effects were observed in the order of unroasted (75 %)＞roasted at 150℃ (62 %)＞roasted at 250℃ (45 %). It revealed that increasing roasting temperature of the seeds of Cassia tora L. might decrease their antigenotoxic activity both in the Ames test and the COMET assay. Mutagen-inhibitor interaction was identified in spectrophotometry studied, suggesting that WEUCT may produce complexes with Glu-P-1 and Trp-P-1. Using a modified COMET assay procedure, WEUCT exhibited 38.7 % scavenging effect on reactive intermediates of Trp-P-1 generated from metabolism system. Pre-treatment of the human lymphocytes with WEUCT for 30 min resulted in a modest repression of DNA damage (30 %). In contrast, no promotive effect of excision-repair was found during DNA damage expression time in post-treatment scheme. Further, three anthraquinones (AQ): chrysophanol, emodin and rhein were determined from acid hydrolyzed WECT by HPLC. It was found that the amounts of these AQ in WECT all decreased with an increasing roasting temperature. The contents of chrysophanol, emodin and rhein in WEUCT were 0.61, 0.28 and 10.42 mg/g, respectively. Emodin (-S9 mix) and rhein (+S9 mix) exhibited slight DNA damage in human lymphocytes in the COMET assay. However, chrysophanol, emodin and rhein shown 79.0, 63.7 and 37.9 %, respectively, protective effects on DNA damage induced by Trp-P-1. The effects of WECT on B[a]P-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 were investigated in the COMET assay without exogenous activation mixtures (S9 mix). WECT alone shown neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic toward Hep G2 cells under a concentration of 0.1-2 mg/mL. B[a]P-induced DNA damage in Hep G2 cells was reduced by WECT in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05). At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the inhibitory effects on DNA damage were in the order of unroasted (72 %)＞roasted at 150℃ (60 %)＞roasted at 250℃ (23 %). Ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity of Hep G2 cells, linked to cytochrome CYP-450 1A1 monooxygenases, were effectively inhibited by WECT, and a similar inhibition was observed in the following order: unroasted (63.9 %)＞roasted at 150℃ (41.6 %)＞roasted at 250℃ (17.5 %). The activity of NADPH cytochrome P-450 was also decreased by unroasted and roasted at 150℃ samples (49.5 % and 38.4 %), implying the inhibitory effects on the CYP-450 activity may be, at least in part, due to an impairment of the electron transfer from NADPH to the cytochrome. Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase activity was slightly increased by the treatment with unroasted (1.28-fold) and roasted at 150℃ (1.21-fold) samples at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, compared to the control group. In addition, the contents of antimutagenic AQ in WECT, including chrysophanol, emodin and rhein were decreased with an increasing roasting temperature in the following order: unroasted＞150℃＞250℃. Each of these AQ also demonstrated significant antigenotoxic activity in the COMET assay. The inhibitory effects of chrysophanol, emodin and rhein on B[a]P-mediated DNA damage in Hep G2 cells were 89.4, 85.9 and 71.2 %, respectively. These findings suggested that the decrease in the antigenotoxic activity of the roasted samples might be due to the reduction in its anthraquinones content.
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CHEN, YI-CHUN, and 陳怡君. "Ⅰ:Studies on the properties and volatile compounds of onion and shallot oleoresins Ⅱ:Studies on the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of onion and shallot cleoresins." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77311173952595014120.
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李輝. "1.Detection of Cooked-Food Mutagens in Canned Foods and Boiled Pork Juice Model System and Their Mechanisms of Mutagen Formation 2.Antimutagenicity of Flavonoid and Anthraquinone Derivatives Against IQ: Structure-Activity Relationships." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59677271695486541528.
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Ndou, Nzumbululo. "Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and mutagenic properties of Coccinia rehmanni And Jatropha zeyheri Plant Extracts." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1312.
Full textAbstract:
MSc (Microbiology)Department of Microbiology
Background: The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action in the human body. The secondary metabolites help the plants to survive hash conditions and could be used by humans as supplements of their health, as foods additives or for medicinal purposes. This bioactive compounds are not always beneficial to human beings, and some of this plants bioactive compounds can be toxic or genotoxic to human cells. This study used several methods to evaluate of phytochemical constituents and mutagenic properties of Coccinia rehmanni and Jatropha zeyheri plant extracts. Methodology: Methanol was used for extraction of the bioactive compounds from the two selected plants, filtered with Whatman filter paper and evaporated with rotary evaporator. The extracts were fractionated using open column chromatography. Chemical and TLC methods were used to determine phytochemicals of the study plants extracts and fractions. The plants extracts and fractions were tested against Vero cell lines in order to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the plants. NucRed and LTR Hoechst 33342 dyes were used for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity respectively. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity Quantification of live and dead cells for the screening assay was performed using the ImageXpress Micro XLS Widefield Microscope and acquired images analyses using the MetaXpress software and Multi-Wavelength Cell Scoring Application Module. Antimutagenicity of plants extracts was observed using PARP universal colorimetric assay kit. Acquired data was transferred to an EXCEL spreadsheet and data was analyzed. Results and discussion: C. rehmanni (12.03%) yielded more extract than J. Zeyheri (8.20%). the two plants had different compound composition and were in different stages of maturity. The study revealed the domination of Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Phenolic and tannis. With an exception of two fraction fractions all the fractions was found to be toxic to an extent were genotoxicity of such fraction could not be concluded. The reason for such extreme toxicity could be due to the influence of the retained alcohol during rotary evaporation. xvi | P a g e Conclusion: this study provides and add to existing knowledge on the phytochemicals mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of C. rehmanni and J. Zeyheri medicinal plants. The study serves as scientific proof that extensive use of this plant in traditional medicine for treatment of various ailments may lead to some irreversible damages.
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