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Sinalkar, Smita, and Seema Kokitkar. "Phytochemical Study, Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 26 (2024): 2691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i26.1280.
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Objectives: To determine antioxidant activity and identify bioactive compounds present in n-Hexane & Ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. Methods: In the present study stem bark of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss was powdered and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using n-Hexane and Ethyl acetate as solvents. Extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. The Bio-active compounds were identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Findings: The qualitative analysis revealed presence of various phytochemicals. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of total 28 Medicinally active compounds which included Tetradecane, Hentriacontane, Octacosane, Docosane and Eicosane in n-Hexane extract. 15 Medicinally active compounds were found in ethyl acetate extract which included Purolan, 1,2-Dipropenyl cyclobutane, Hentricontane, 2,6,7-Trimethyl decane, Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate and Decyl propanoate. Novelty: Though the phytochemical analysis of Soymida febrifuga have been performed by some research groups but there are no reports on identification of Bio-active compounds by GC-MS. The results obtained from present study confirms presence of many compounds of biological significance that warrants further biological and pharmacological study of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss as a potential herbal drug. Keywords: Soymida febrifuga; GC-MS analysis; DPPH assay; n-Hexane; Ethyl acetate
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Vasanthakumar, S., G. Dineshkumar, and K. Jayaseelan. "Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia marina." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3431.
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Medicinal plants were used to treat diseases traditionally since ancient times. The present work aims to investigate the bioactive constituents through GC MS analysis of ethanolic leaf extracts of A.marina. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Reducing sugars, Saponins, Tannin, Glycoside, Triterpenoids and Carbohydrate in A.marina. The characterization of the compounds by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique has reported the presence of thirty compounds in A.marina leaves. These compounds possess different pharmacological properties like anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties.
 Keywords: Avicennia marina, GC-MS, Bioactive compounds, Antibacterial activity.
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Al-Bagawi, Amal H., Hesham H. Rassem, Mohd H. Khamidun, et al. "Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Assessment of Methanolic Extract from Jasmine Flowers." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 1 (2025): 20258–63. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9493.
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This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of the methanol extracts from Jasmine flowers. Employing a combination of advanced techniques, including Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and antioxidant activity assays, the research uncovered key insights into the bioactive potential of Jasmine. The GC-MS analysis identified nine distinct compounds, including major constituents, such as 2-Phenylthiolane (44.12%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.88%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), and N-Methylallylamine (10.31%) among others. The FTIR spectra revealed significant functional groups, including O-H and C-C stretches, suggesting the presence of phenolic compounds. The SEM imaging highlighted the morphological changes in the Jasmine flower powder, showing expanded oil glands post-pre-treatment, which enhanced the oil extraction process. The methanol extract exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. These findings position Jasmine flowers as a promising natural source of phytochemicals, particularly antioxidants, with potential for further pharmacological and industrial applications. Future studies could focus on isolating and evaluating additional bioactive compounds for their therapeutic potential.
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S., Nathiya, Shaishta Jabeen |. L. Jagapriya N., and Senthilkumar |. K. Devi B. "Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phytochemical Screening and GC MS Analysis." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 1 (2017): 417–23. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5926.
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Plant derived compounds have played a vital role in the development of several chemotherapeutic agents. Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant of the apocynaceae family. The leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The present study was aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and the GC MS analyses of Cathranthus roseus leaf extract ensure biological activity in the presence bioactive compounds. The leaves designated to the presence of secondary metabolites proteins, steroids, tannins,glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrates,saponins, sterols, terpenoids, acidic compounds, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids,flavonoids . In the GC MS analysis the Cathranthus roseus extract result shows the presence of bioactive compounds which revealed a broad spectrum of many medicinal property and antioxidant activity were identified. This study is helped to identify bioactive compound formula and structure which can be used as pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery. S. Nathiya | N. Shaishta Jabeen | L. Jagapriya | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi "Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5926.pdf
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Riyadi, P. H., E. Susanto, A. D. Anggo, M. H. Arifin, and L. Rizki. "Effect of methanol solvent concentration on the extraction of bioactive compounds using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) from Spirulina platensis." Food Research 7, Supplementary 3 (2023): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(s3).9.
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Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that contains bioactive compounds as a source of antioxidants. Methanol is a polar solvent; it has similarities to the content of the bioactive compound Spirulina platensis, which is polar. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of methanol solvent (50%, 70%, 96%) using UAE on the content of bioactive antioxidant compounds from Spirulina platensis. The parameters observed were yield, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and GC-MS. The results showed that the difference in the concentration of methanol solvent using UAE significantly affected the antioxidant activity of the Spirulina platensis extract. The highest antioxidant activity was found in Spirulina platensis extract with 50% methanol solvent concentration using UAE with an average inhibition value of 91.81%. The yield value from the Spirulina platensis extract with a 50% methanol concentration was 9.3%. The qualitative phytochemical screening test carried out on Spirulina platensis extract with 50% methanol solvent using UAE showed positive results for flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins and phenols. GC-MS analysis on Spirulina platensis with 50% methanol as a solvent using UAE resulted in 5 types of the most dominant compounds, pentadecanoic acid, 9-Ooctadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanal, and 1- nonadecene.
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Mazumder, Kishor, Afia Nabila, Asma Aktar, and Asgar Farahnaky. "Bioactive Variability and In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Unprocessed and Processed Flour of Nine Cultivars of Australian lupin Species: A Comprehensive Substantiation." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040282.
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The aim of this present investigation was to analyze bioactive compounds, as well as demonstrate the antioxidant activities of nine cultivars of Australian lupin species accompanied by observing the effect of domestic heat processing on their antioxidant activities adopting in vivo and in vitro approaches. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed for profiling bioactive compounds present in lupin cultivars. Multiple assay techniques involving quantification of polyphenolics, flavonoids and flavonol, electron transfer (ET) based assay, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assay and in vivo assays were performed. The major compounds found were hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, lupanine,13-docosenamide and 11-octadecenoic acid (Z)- methyl ester. Mandelup was found to show excellent antioxidant activity. Moreover, Jurien, Gunyidi and Barlock had strong antioxidant activity. Both positive and negative impacts of heat processing were observed on antioxidant activity. Heating and usage of excess water during processing were the key determinants of loss of antioxidants. Negligible loss of antioxidant activity was observed in most of the assays whereas inhibition of both lipid peroxidation (33.53%) and hemolysis of erythrocytes (37.75%) were increased after processing. In addition, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays are found to show statistically significant (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01) results, which are supported by the presence of a number of antioxidant compounds in GC-MS analysis.
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Chakravorty, Papiya, Nidhi Srivastava, Ahongshangbam Ibeyaima, and Indira P. Sarethy. "Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds in Endophyte Isolate L-003 Obtained from the Aquatic Plant Nelumbo nucifera." Natural Products Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315509666190114143222.
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Background: Microorganisms from understudied habitats have been shown to be an important source of novel bioactive compounds. Endophytes constitute an underexplored group of microorganisms, of which those from aquatic plants have been even less studied. Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is an aquatic plant with medicinal properties. A screening program for endophytes from N. nucifera by our research group resulted in many microbial isolates, of which isolate L-003 was a promising candidate, exhibiting antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Objectives: The major objectives were to characterize the endophyte L-003 for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, identify the constituent bioactive compounds by GC-MS and characterize their activities further using in silico software. Methods: L-003 was identified by PIBWin software. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and organic extracts of culture supernatant of L-003 was checked against a panel of bacteria and fungi. Since the ethyl acetate extract showed the best antimicrobial activity, it was further characterized by thin layer chromatography, an activity confirmed by bioautography and purified by column chromatography. Total antioxidant capacity was assayed by standard techniques. Partially purified metabolite fingerprints were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: Based on morphological and biochemical analyses, isolate L-003 was identified as belonging to Streptococcus sp. All the organic solvent extracts showed antimicrobial activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed maximum antimicrobial activity against all selected targets and exhibited antioxidant activity too, though butanol and aqueous extracts showed higher antioxidant activity. Two compounds, Acetic acid,-hydroxy, methyl ester and Disulfide, dipropyl, were identified by GC-MS in the metabolite fingerprint. These compounds showed differences in observed and calculated retention indices and could, therefore, be novel. In silico activity, characterization confirmed the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties attributed to these compounds. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting metabolite fingerprinting, identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from an endophytic isolate of Nelumbo nucifera. We conclude that endophytes from aquatic plants could be prospective sources of bioactive compounds, in this case with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
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Priyadi, Muhammad, Yohanes Edy Gunawan, Rizki Rachmad Saputra, Decenly Decenly, and Shesanthi Citrariana. "Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Bajakah Kalalawit Leaf Extract." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) 5, no. 1 (2025): 36. https://doi.org/10.52365/jecp.v5i1.1321.
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Natural products have long been recognized for their significant role in supporting human health, with natural ingredients playing an essential part in disease treatment and wellness across generations. The bajakah species, particularly bajakah kalalawit (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), has gained attention in recent research due to its potential bioactive compounds. Especially, its antioxidant properties from any part of plant has potential to explore. This study aims to determine the various secondary metabolite compounds possessed by bajakah kalalawit leaves and test their antioxidants. Bajakah kalalawit leaves were extracted using reflux with aqueous solvents, checked for phytochemical profiles using GC-MS, and conducted antioxidant tests using the DPPH method. Based on the phytochemical test, there are 22 predicted compounds in the extract and the antioxidant test results showed an IC50 value of 14.44 ppm. In conclusion, bajakah kalalawit leaf aqueous extract has antioxidant activity and is supported by bioactive compounds.
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A. Mu’nisa, A. Muflihunna, and Hartono. "Ethanol Extract of Actinopyga echinites by GC-MS Analysis (Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry) on The Puntondo Coast, Takalar District." Bionature 25, no. 2 (2024): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.35580/bionature.v25i2.6683.
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This research aims to determine the polar bioactive compounds contained in Actinopyga echinites who live on Puntondo Beach, Takalar Regency. Method used for extraction Actinopyga echinitesis a wet maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The extract results were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain information on the internal content Actinopyga echinites. The results of GC-MS analysis from this study showed that there were 123 possible compound components that were extracted using ethanol solvent. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazine assay. The research results also show that there are ten possible polar bioactive compounds in the highest peak of the GC-MS analysis results, namely: trans-13- Octadecenoic acid, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, n-Hexane, 9- Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, oxiranylmethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, and trans-13-Octadecenoic acid. The presence of estersand dominant fatty acids is thought to cause the high antioxidant activity of antioxidant activity of Actinopyga echinites.
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Desire, T. Christopher, E. Willie Itoro, O. Akpan Itohowo, and T. Domingo Ekemini. "Antioxidant activity and identification of bioactive compounds in Telfairia occidentalis leaves using GC-MS analysis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (2022): 775–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903560.
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<em>Telfairia occidentalis</em> belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. It is a plant with dark green leaves that also bears a pod containing edible seeds. It is widely cultivated in Western Africa, having high commercial importance in the eastern part of Nigeria. It is primarily used in the preparation of soup in the form of vegetable and in herbal medicines for production of blood tonic for weak and ill person, and also for the treatment of other ailments. <em>Telfairia occidentalis</em> leaves extract and fractions were evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis on the active extract and fractions to identify the bioactive compounds conferring these activities using standard procedures. The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract and different fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponin, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinones. The antioxidant activity was carried out using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) model; among the fractions ethyl acetate fraction (84.91%;100 µg/mL) demonstrated the best antioxidant activities in DPPH assay followed by the extract (80%;100 µg/mL), dichloromethane(79.51%;100 µg/mL) and n-hexane fractions (46.63%;100 µg/mL) with IC50 of 22.56 µg/mL, 37.43 µg/mL, 37.59 µg/mL, and 91.11 µg/mL. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) recorded highest activity at 100 µg/mL with ethyl acetate having the highest antioxidant effect (1.574 nm) compared to ascorbic acid (1.750 nm; 100 µg/mL) followed by DCM fraction (1.040 nm), crude extract (0.966 nm), and n-hexane fraction (0.724 nm). The GC-MS analysis recorded a total of 39 compounds from extract; 9 major constituents; oleic acid, (10.27%), acetic acid (9.66%), hexanoic acid (7.66%), phytol acetate (7.22%), 18,19-seccoyohimban-19-oic acid (6.69%), iso-propyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate(6.20%), n-hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (5.83%), trans-geranyl geraniol (4.21%) and 9,12- octadecadienoic acid (4.11%),39 compounds from DCM with 8 major constituents; (1,1-bicyclopropyl)-2-octanoic acid (25.87%), quinic acid (9%), acetic acid (6.66 %), 9-octadecadienoic acid (z,z) (5.63 %), benzofuran (5.34%), oxirane (4.11%), phytol, acetate (2.52 %) and vitamin E (2.37%), and 37 compounds from ethyl acetate fraction with 7 major constituents; stigmasterol (17.09%), vitamin E (14.73%), stigmasterol (11.25%), 4,22-stigmastadiene-3-one (9.40%), 7,22-ergostadienol (5.84%), dotricontane (3.88%) and eicosane (3.07%). From these results T. occidentalis extract and fractions shows high antioxidant activity. These compounds present in T. occidentalis extract and fractions could provide a rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of several pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress including type 2 diabetes and inflammatory conditions.
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mer ERT RK, mer ERT RK, Elif L. Elif L, and Melek OL AYVAZ and Emine BA DATLI Melek OL AYVAZ and Emine BA DATLI. "Comparison of Biological Activities and Bioactive Components of Seed, Leaf, and Blossom Parts of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and Commercial Black Tea." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 2 (2023): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/0012172/jcsp/45.02.2023.
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In this study, bioactive properties and GC-MS analyses of the Camellia sinensis (seed, leaf, and blossom parts) and commercial black tea extracts were compared. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts were determined. The gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to identify the major bioactive compounds in extracts. The TPC and antioxidant activity values of the alcohol extract prepared from the leaf part of the C. sinensis are higher than the other extracts. There was a strong correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant amount among the ethanol extracts of C. sinensis. In antimicrobial evaluation, the ethanol extracts showed more activity; the ethanolic extract of C. sinensis seeds was the most effective. GC-MS results indicated various organic compounds in the C. sinensis extracts, mainly saturated and unsaturated aromatic esters, aromatic alcohols, some cyclic structures, aromatic amine, and boranic esters with different therapeutic activities. The black tea extracts exhibited a more straightforward variety of bio components as aromatic esters and boranic ester. According to the obtained results, C. sinensis and black tea extracts would exert several beneficial effects by their biological activities thanks to the possible synergistic effect of chemical contents detected by GC-MS analysis. However, GC-MS results indicated that the black tea sample had much fewer bioconstituents than fresh C. sinensis plant samples.
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Ismaila, Muhammad Sani, Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi, Uwaisu Iliyasu, et al. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Quail Yolk Oil via Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase 1 and Catalase Genes and Downregulation of EIGER and Unpaired 2 Genes in a D. melanogaster Model." Antioxidants 13, no. 1 (2024): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010075.
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Quail egg yolk oil (QEYO) has a rich history of medicinal use, showcasing heightened antioxidant and bioactive properties in our prior studies. This positions QEYO as a promising candidate for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. In this investigation, QEYO was extracted using ethanol/chloroform and 2-propanol/hexane solvents. GC–MS and FTIR analyses quantified 14 major bioactive compounds in the ethanol/chloroform fraction and 12 in the 2-propanol/hexane fraction. Toxicity evaluations in fruit flies, spanning acute, sub chronic, and chronic exposures, revealed no adverse effects. Negative geotaxis assays assessed locomotor activity, while biochemical assays using fly hemolymph gauged antioxidant responses. Real-time PCR revealed the relative expression levels of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. FTIR spectra indicated diverse functional groups, and the GC–MS results associated bioactive compounds with the regulation of the anti-inflammatory genes EIGER and UPD2. While no significant change in SOD activities was noted, male flies treated with specific QEYO doses exhibited increased catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity, coupled with a significant decrease in their malondialdehyde levels. This study offers valuable insights into the bioactive compounds of QEYO and their potential regulatory roles in gene expression.
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Golkar, Pooran, and Fariborz Moattar. "Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities in Iberis amara L." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 5 (2019): 1934578X1984635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19846355.
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This research was carried out to assess essential oils (EOs), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFD), total flavonols (TFL), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, and different antioxidant activity assays in two plant samples (leaf and bud) of Iberis amara L. The gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) of the EOs and the head space (HS)-GC-MS of the methanolic leaf extracts identified 34 and 6 different compounds, respectively. The major components of the leaf EOs were carvacrol (9.4%), camphene (6.2%), р-cymene (4.3%), and eugenol (3.8%) respectively, whereas cumin aldehyde (10.4%) was the main component in the bud sample. 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanate (50%) was identified as the main component in the HS-GC-MS analysis of leaves extract. The highest content of TPC (32.8 ± 0.7 mg GAE/gDW), TFD (28.4 ± 0.7 mg QE/gDW), TFL (11.8 ± 0.06 mg QE/gFW), and anthocyanin (0.4 ±0.02 µmol/g FW) was found in the methanolic extract of leaves. The highest antioxidant activity in the phosphomolibdate assay (628.3 ± 10 µg AAE/gFW) and the least activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 415 ± 3.1 µg/mL) was found in leaf samples. The high ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes of the EOs along with the high antioxidant activity propose the application of this medicinal plant for general or specific applications in food industries as a herbal plant.
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Perdana Sari, Wiwin Kusuma, and Muslimin Muslimin. "IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA POTENSIAL ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MAKROALGA COKELAT Turbinaria ornata DARI PANTAI GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 17, no. 3 (2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.17.3.2022.155-167.
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Makroalga cokelat memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat dalam berbagai bidang kesehatan. Salah satu jenis makroalga cokelat dengan potensi antioksidan adalah Turbinaria ornata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa potensial antioksidannya. Fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak T. ornata dilakukan untuk memfokuskan jenis senyawa potensial antioksidan. Ekstrak dan fraksi dengan potensi antioksidan terbaik dianalisis kandungan senyawanya dengan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pemantauan dengan plat kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) juga dilakukan terhadap fraksi dengan potensi antioksidan terbaik. Hasil analisis GC-MS dan KLT mengidentifkasi senyawa hidrokarbon dodecane, asam lemak ester hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, monoterpenoid dyhidroacnidiolide dan loliolide, senyawa fenol resorcinol serta flavonoid kaempherol sebagai senyawa-senyawa potensial pendukung aktivitas antioksidan makroalga cokelat T. ornata. Study menyimpulkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut memiliki potensi dalam mendukung aktivitas antioksidan makroalga cokelat T. ornata. Brown macroalgae contain abundant bioactive compounds and are used in various medical applications. Turbinaria ornata is one of the brown macroalgae species suspected to have promising antioxidant potential. This recent study was conducted to identify the potential antioxidant compounds in T. ornata. Fractionation of T. ornata extract was done to differentiate the types of potential antioxidant compounds. Extracts and fractions with the best antioxidant potential were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fractions with the best antioxidant potential were monitored using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. The analyses have determined the presence of bioactive compounds such as dodecane, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, monoterpenoids dyhidroacnidiolide and loliolide, resorcinol and kaempherol in the tested samples of brown macroalga T. ornata. These compounds have measurable effects on the antioxidant activity of the brown macroalgae. This study concluded that the identified bioactive compounds are deemed as potential compounds supporting the antioxidant activity of the brown macroalgae T. ornata.
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Shah, Ashfaq Ahmad, Amit Gupta, Aqueel-Ur Rehman, et al. "GC-MS Analysis of Phytoactive Compounds, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Citrullus lanatus Seeds." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 1 (2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2589.
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The current study investigated the therapeutic potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds which are commonly discarded after eating the fruit. In this day and age, plant secondary metabolites are preferred therapeutic agents to manage a variety of diseases and disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the bioactive secondary metabolite profile of Citrullus lanatus seeds by investigating total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant potential, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of bioactive compounds and anti-bacterial properties of four different crude extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols, terpenoids, and glycosides were revealed in the seeds after qualitative phytochemical examination utilizing several solvents of varying polarity and established techniques of analysis. DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant potential and the total flavonoid and phenolic contents in seed extracts were determined using the spectrophotometric method. Methanolic extract revealed higher extractive yield, antioxidant potential, a higher total phenolic content (132.68 ± 0.861 mg of GAg), and higher total flavonoid content (48.13 ± 0.451 mg of Qg) as compared to other extracts. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of all four seed extracts revealed the presence of 27 high and low molecular weight chemical entities in toto with varying amounts. These bioactive chemical substances have been revealed to be physiologically significant and essential from a pharmaceutical standpoint. This research demonstrates that the Citrullus lanatus seeds are high in bioactive secondary metabolites that are beneficial to human health, have a high antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial action against certain bacterial strains, indicating that these seeds have a lot of therapeutic value.
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Queen, Paulraj Darthi, Krishnasamy Pavithra, Cholaraj Ragunath, Madeshwaran Karthik, and Venkatachalam Ramasubramanian. "Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Methanolic Extract from Sphagneticola trilobata." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 19 (2023): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i193620.
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The objective of this study is to assess the phytochemical activity of the methanolic extract of Sphagneticolatrilobata (L.) and to evaluate the bioactive compounds present using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The objective of this study is to investigate the potential anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract derived from S. trilobata. The bioactive compounds of S. trilobata were identified through the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant properties of S. trilobata were assessed through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl),ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The antibacterial properties of S. trilobata extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed using the disc diffusion technique, Minimum inhibitory concentrations, and growth curve analysis. The methanolic S. trilobata plant was contain 40 bioactive compounds. Among them amounts of oleic acid (100%), abietic acid (98.25%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (94.45%). The antioxidants revealed that dose dependent activity, the highest antioxidant activity was DPPH (53.5%), ABTS (54.7%), H2O2 (54.1%) and SOD (43.2%) at 1.5mg/mL.
 The antibacterial activity revealed that high antibacterial properties against P.aeruginosaand S. aureus inhibition zones of P. aeruginosa (14 ±0.8 mm) and S. aureus, both (12± 0.4 mm).The preliminary examination of the volatile compounds indicates the existence of novel bioactive constituents that have not been previously documented in S. trilobata from different geographic regions. The present study investigates the biological activities of the methanolic extract derived from S. trilobata leaves, with a focus on its potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
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Ramos, Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz, Douglas Dellaretti Mendes, Mauro Ramalho Silva, et al. "Chemical profile of Eugenia brasiliensis (Grumixama) pulp by PS/MS paper spray and SPME-GC / MS solid-phase microextraction." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (2020): e318974008. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4008.
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The Eugenia brasiliensis, known as grumixama, is a fruit native to the Brazilian biodiversity and has characteristic flavor and aroma, bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties and benefical health characteristic. Since the consumer market is focused on the demand for products with natural and functional appeal, this study aimed to characterize the grumixama pulp, evaluate the antioxidant potential and trace chemical and volatile organic compounds of this fruit profile. For this purpose, analyzes of titratable acidity, pH, moisture, proteins, ash, fibers, total sugars, and lipids were performed. The determination of total phenolic compounds used the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity used the radical ABTS test. The characterization of the chemical profile consisted of obtaining fingerprints using Paper spray PS/MS and the extraction of volatile organic compounds employing solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using PDMS/DVB fiber and subsequent separation and identification by CG-MS. The grumixama pulp stood out for its acidity and high fiber content (20.34g/100g of pulp), in addition to presenting average levels of total phenolic compounds (173.85 ± 3.21 mg 100 g of pulp) and antioxidant activity (844.86 ± 2.03 mM/100g of pulp). Regarding the chemical profile of the pulp, 45 compounds were listed by PS/MS, with emphasis on flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, sugars, catechins and quercetin derivatives. Nineteen volatile organic compounds can be identified, all of them belonging to the terpene class, 94.7% sesquiterpenes, and 5.3% monoterpenes, compounds that are responsible for several sensory characteristics of the fruits. The results showed that the association between the antioxidant activity promoted by the bioactive and the VOCs of the grumixama pulp make this fruit promising for acceptance in the market and can be added to various product elaborations, increasing its nutritional and functional value.
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Tallei, Trina Ekawati, Herlina Ineke Surjane Wungouw, Billy Johnson Kepel, et al. "Appraisal of Antioxidant Potential in Broccoli Microgreens under Different Drying Techniques Utilizing In Vitro and in Silico Methods." Malacca Pharmaceutics 3, no. 1 (2025): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.60084/mp.v3i1.259.
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Broccoli microgreens, rich in bioactive compounds, offer health benefits aligned with SDG 3: “Good Health and Well-Being.” Their antioxidants combat oxidative stress tied to chronic diseases, but drying can affect their activity. This study assessed the antioxidant capacities of fresh, microwave-dried, and air-fryer-dried broccoli microgreens using in vitro (DPPH assay) and in silico (molecular docking and dynamics) methods. The microgreens were cultivated under controlled conditions and dried using microwave and air-fryer techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay using ethanolic extracts. The bioactive compounds of fresh microgreens, detected through GC-MS, were analyzed in silico to evaluate their interactions with the target proteins CYP2C9 and NOX2. The findings revealed that air-fryer-dried microgreens demonstrated the highest DPPH activity, followed by fresh microgreens, while microwave-dried samples exhibited the lowest activity. GC-MS analysis of fresh samples revealed the presence of various compounds, including acids, ketones, sulfides, heterocycles, alcohols, esters, aromatic compounds, phthalate ester, and aldehydes. Molecular docking revealed strong interactions of certain compounds in fresh samples and CYP2C9 and NOX2, suggesting therapeutic potential against oxidative stress. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) showed stable binding for the CYP2C9-Methyl myristate complex, while the NOX-(Z)-1,2-Diphenylethene complex displayed weaker stability. In conclusion, broccoli microgreens show potential in mitigating oxidative stress, with air-fryer drying slightly enhancing their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity of fresh microgreens is comparable to that of air-fryer-dried microgreens. In silico analyses demonstrate stable interactions between compounds in fresh microgreens and key proteins implicated in oxidative stress.
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Khateeb, Sahar, Azizh Alrashidi, Jawaher Albalawi, Munera Alrwes, Noura Aloraini, and Marzouqah Almudayni. "Investigating the Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Milk Thistle Extract Against the HepG2 Cells." Advancements in Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (2025): 134. https://doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i1.3549.
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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third among all cancer-related causes of death worldwide. The primary cause of HCC development is oxidative stress. Milk thistle (MT) contains numerous phytochemicals that contain antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. The goal of this study was to investigate MT's chemical composition and antioxidant activity, as well as its bioactive compound's in vitro anti-cancer efficacy against HepG2 human liver cancer cells.Methods: We analyzed the bioactive components of MT using GC-MS and HPLC methods. The antioxidant activity was measured by the total phenolic, total flavonoid, DPPH, and radical ABTS scavenging. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity using the human cell line HepG2. The MTT test was used to calculate the IC50 values of MT. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry in the cell lines.Result: Our findings demonstrated that 11 bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential were identified via GC/MS screening. Eighteen bioactive compounds with anti-cancer and antioxidant capabilities were found through HPLC screening. Furthermore, HPLC analysis demonstrated both high quality and number of amino acids. MT stops the growth of HepG2 cells at an IC50 level of 21.727±0.89 μg/ml. Moreover, MT arrested HepG2 cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that bioactive MT extract has potential therapeutic effects on cancer cells, highlighting the need for further research to explore its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.Keywords: Milk Thistle; Free Radicals; Oxidative Stress; HCC; Anti-oxidants
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Situmorang, Risanti Febrine Ropita, Kasta Gurning, Vera Estefania Kaban, Mastiur Julianti Butar-Butar, and Susi Amenta Beru Perangin-Angin. "Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Analysis of Bioactive Compound Components, and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves from North Sumatera Province, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (2022): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8362.
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BACKGROUND: Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves are a plant that is often found and have not been used in various treatments even though it is reported to have various groups of bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. AIM: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and identify the content of potential bioactive compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura leaves. METHODS: M. calabura L. leaves fraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol followed by partition starting with n-hexane, chloroform, and finally ethyl acetate as solvent. The ethyl acetate fraction was continued for phytochemical screening for the content of bioactive compounds using standard reagents, determination of total phenol content by colorimetric method, determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and analysis of bioactive compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura leaves was positive for phenolic content which was indicated by the formation of a turquoise color after 5% FeCl3 reagent was added (in ethanol), phenolic content was 0.0727 mg GAE/g dry fraction, indicating antioxidant activity (IC50) amounted to 54.437 including strong categories as antioxidants and the results of GC–MS analysis obtained various kinds of compounds and it is suspected that compounds that provide potential as antioxidants are phytol. CONCLUSION: The bioactive compound of ethyl acetate fraction of seri (M. calabura) leaves contained phenolic components and has strong antioxidant activity.
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Nurbaiti, Nurbaiti, Yulia Fitri, Fitriani Fitriani, Wardati Humaira, and Cecep Triwibowo. "Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Avocado (Persea americana) Seed Extract from Aceh, Indonesia: Implications for Antihyperlipidemic Use in Postmenopausal Women." Malacca Pharmaceutics 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.60084/mp.v3i1.228.
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Avocado (Persea americana) is widely recognized for its high antioxidant capacity. Its rich phytochemical composition is crucial in mitigating oxidative stress and managing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and antihyperlipidemic potential of ethanol extracts derived from avocado seeds. Phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were conducted to identify key chemical constituents, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In addition, in-silico techniques were employed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of the bioactive compounds. Phytochemical analysis revealed a variety of bioactive compounds, including volatile compounds, steroids, and fatty acids, contributing to the extract's biological activity. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 value of 20.83 ppm, indicating potent free radical scavenging ability. GC-MS analysis identified significant compounds such as Undec-10-ynoic acid, tetradecyl ester, and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl] ethyl ester, which were further analyzed through molecular docking studies. These studies indicated their potential as inhibitors of hyperlipidemia-associated proteins, with binding energy values exceeding -6 kcal/mol. Moreover, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, including good absorption and low toxicity, positioning these compounds as promising candidates for therapeutic development. The findings of this study underscore the potential of avocado seed extract as a natural source of antioxidants and antihyperlipidemic agents. The identified bioactive compounds offer a promising therapeutic strategy for managing oxidative stress and lipid disorders, particularly in populations at heightened risk, such as postmenopausal women.
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Alanbari, Aseel K., Ragha Safaa Alddin, and Wurood Khald Mohammed. "Phytochemical Profile of Urtica dioica L. by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS and Antioxidant Activity." Nabatia 13, no. 1 (2025): 19–40. https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v13i1.1649.
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Leaves are rich in many phytochemical compounds, all bioactive compounds formed normally during plants metabolism as secondary products. The phytochemical compounds screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Twenty nine bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the . The GC-MS analysis of U. dioica revealed the identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time ., as well as the antioxidant activities of the leaves were determine. . the first compound was benzene that presence at 5.339 min with peak area 1.18, while the 9-Octadecenamide was the last compound shown at 68.304 min with 2.18 peak area. Including organic compounds, fatty acids and phenols. A DPPH radical scavenging e results showed U. dioica extract at 600 concentrations high than ascorbic acid was93.76 µg/ml while aceorbic acid was 91.14 µg/ml. this finding indicate that U. dioica have high antioxidant ability. . This manuscript to cover the chemical composition of methanolic extract of U. dioica leaves ( stinging nettile) that growing naturally in Iraq, as a chemical study and provide details of pharmacological propos
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Wahyuni, Sri, Uswatun Hasanah, Ismail Sulaiman, Munandar Munandar, and Muhammad Rizal. "Characterisation of Phytochemical Content of Seagrass Ethanol Extract Using Gas Chromatography Mass Specrometry (GC-MS)." Jurnal Perikanan Terpadu 5, no. 2 (2024): 57. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpterpadu.v5i2.12394.
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Research on the bioactive potential of marine biological resources is increasingly growing, especially in marine plants such as seagrasses that produce secondary metabolites. This study aims to characterize the phytochemical content of the ethanol extract of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass from Lhok Timon beach, Aceh Jaya, using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The main issue addressed is the lack of quantitative data on the phytochemical composition of this seagrass, particularly secondary metabolites. Extraction was conducted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, followed by GC-MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. The analysis results revealed 38 compounds, with D-Fructose, diethyl mercaptal, pentaacetate as the dominant one, displaying potential biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. Other significant compounds include fatty acids and phenols that support antioxidant activity. The discussion emphasizes the potential development of these compounds for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, given their bioactive properties. In conclusion, T. hemprichii seagrass contains promising phytochemicals for further development as bioactive agents in the health sector
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Deviarni, I. M., A. Yunus, S. Prabawa, and C. Anam. "Antioxidant activity and bioactive compound identification in Sonneratia alba fruit." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1490, no. 1 (2025): 012029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1490/1/012029.
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Abstract Sonneratia alba is a type of mangrove commonly found in the coastal mangrove. It is known as a plant with numerous benefits, including its potential to provide bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, research on the characterization and identification of bioactive compounds in S. alba fruits from Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan, still needs to be completed. This study focuses on analyzing the antioxidant activity and identifying bioactive compounds in the S. alba fruit at different stages of ripeness. Through GC-MS analysis, antioxidant activity by the DPPH method, and determination of total phenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C content, the results found that unripe S. alba fruits showed the highest result, while the result of quantitative analysis DPPH (IC50 66.569 µg /ml), TPC (27.193 ± 1.188 mg GAE/g dry extract), TFC (3.996 ± 1.061 mg QE/g dry extract) and vitamin C (2.355±0.04 µg/ml). The bioactive compounds of S. alba fruits also significantly impact the fruit’s antioxidant activity. This research provides information on the characteristics or properties of S. alba fruit, which has potential as an antioxidant.
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Rammal, Hassan, Mirella Dammous, Hussein Farhan, et al. "Chemical Composition of Lebanese Eryngium Creticum L." International Journal of Sciences Volume 3, no. 2014-04 (2014): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3348691.
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This work aimed to purify, identify and quantify some of the bioactive compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from a Lebanese Eryngium creticum L. in addition to evaluate its metal content, particularly trace elements and thus to estimate its antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of different bioactive compounds in both extracts mainly phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids. On the other hand, XRF showed that this plant contains metals such silver, zirconium, nickel, selenium, niobium and molybdenum, iron, calcium, manganese and copper. The results of three in vitro antioxidant methods, DPPH, Ferrozine and H2O2 showed a significant antioxidant activity in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts revealing that E. creticum is a good source of different antioxidant and bioactive compounds.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V3201403480
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Haryadi, Celvin, I. Gede Putu Wirawan, and Made Sritamin. "Identifikasi Senyawa Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Limbah Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Varietas Trinitario." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 13, no. 3 (2023): 345. https://doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2023.v13.i03.p03.
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Identification of Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Cocoa Bean Shell Waste (Theobroma cacao L.) Trinitario Varieties. Cocoa is one of the mainstay commodities of plantations in Indonesia, contributing to the country's foreign exchange earnings. Byproducts such as fruit skins and pulp are produced during the production of dry cocoa beans, and waste in the form of cocoa bean husks is produced during the processing of dry cocoa beans into chocolate products. So far, cocoa bean husk waste has not been used optimally, leading to a low economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioactive compounds in the skin and the levels of antioxidant compounds in cocoa bean husk waste so that it could be used as a raw material for medicine. The GC-MS analysis method was used to identify bioactive compounds in cocoa bean husk waste, and the DPPH method was used to test antioxidant activity. According to the results of the GC-MS analysis, the cocoa bean husk waste extract contains four compounds with quality value higher than 90. These four compounds are Alpha-Copaene, Copaene, Caryophyllene, and Caffeine. The antioxidant test results of the cocoa bean husk waste extract revealed an IC50 value of 86,213 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant activity because the IC50 value is between 50-100 ppm.
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Dhanaraj, Felix Irudhyaraj, Jagadheesh Kumar Kalimuthu, Pavan Santhosh Balamurugan, Punitha Subramani, David R. Katerere, and Manikandan Gurusamy. "Investigating the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Sesamum prostratum Retz." Plants 14, no. 4 (2025): 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040519.
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Numerous bioactive chemicals with a range of advantageous effects on human metabolism can be found in medicinal plants. The knowledge of these phytochemicals is essential for the identification of potential medicines. In the present study, Sesamum prostratum was selected for GC-MS profiling and antioxidant studies. Plant extracts were prepared with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone by using the continuous hot Soxhlet extraction method. The chemical compositions were analyzed by GC/MS. In addition, antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide assay. The GC-MS analysis of the different solvent extracts showed a total of 32 compounds present in S. prostratum. Ethanol extracts showed 11 compounds, ethyl acetate extracts showed 8 compounds, and acetone extracts showed the presence of 13 compounds. Different dominant chemicals were identified in each solvent extract by the phytochemical study. The chemical composition of the extracts revealed notable differences. The ethanol extract was dominated by 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, which comprised 51.4% of the total composition. In contrast, the acetone extract had 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane as its primary component, while the ethyl acetate extract was characterized by the presence of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid as its major chemical constituent. The different assay on free radical scavenging activity of the extracts showed antioxidant activity. The acetone extracts showed the least IC50 value of 35.13 μg/mL for the hydrogen peroxide test, the ethyl acetate showed IC50 value 65.49 μg/mL in the ABTS assay, and the ethanol extract showed the lowest IC50 value of 80.84 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. The results indicated that the plant has bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential that can be further investigated for anticancer and other medicinal uses.
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Dávila, Marcelo, Ingrid Loayza, Daniel Lorenzo, and Eduardo Dellacassa. "Searching for Natural Bioactive Compounds in Four Baccharis species from Bolivia." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 4 (2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300415.
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The volatile oil composition of four Baccharis species ( Baccharis papilosa, B. polycephala, B. buxifolia, and B. convawyi) growing wild in Bolivia were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined by the agar diffusion and bioautography methods. Solvent extracts, polar and non-polar, of the same species were also tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Extracts from B. polycephala, B. papilosa and B. convawyi presented significant antioxidant activity, determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method, showing EC50 values of 4.74, 7.17 and 7.97 μg/mL, respectively. Screening for antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar diffusion test. The most active extracts (% inhibition ≥ 50) were further examined by the dilution method. All the plant extracts studied showed higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (Gram-positive) than against E. coli and P. fluorescens (Gram-negative).
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Chang, Helen, Sri Pujiyanto, Muhammad Eka Prastya, et al. "Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan dari Metabolit Ekstraseluler Bakteri Endofit Tumbuhan Mahang (Macaranga bancana)." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 10, no. 4 (2024): 190–97. https://doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.10.4.190-197.
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The increasing pollution which promotes accumulation of free radicals and a significant number of bacterial resistances to antibiotics have prompted various efforts to search for new sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds produced by endophyte bacteria from M. bancana. The most potential bacterial isolate was extracted its active constituents until obatined crude extract and tested using disc diffusion technique and detemined MIC and MBC values. Antioxidant properties using DPPH radicals were performed followed by GC-MS analysis of its crude extract. We obtained that MB3.1 isolate exhibited antibacterial activity against all four tested bacteria including Escherichia coli strain ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633. The best MIC values of this extract were shown against B. subtilis with an MIC value of 39.06 μg/ml. Further, MB3.1 extract showed a moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 248.19 μg/ml. GC-MS analysis of MB3.1 extract revealed 10 dominant compounds, including phenylethyl alcohol, benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy, and tryptophol, which might be responsible for the antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
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Lima, Raissa, Marcos Vinicius T. Silva, Brendo A. Gomes, et al. "Chemical Profile and Hematoprotective Activity of Artisanal Jabuticaba (Plinia jabuticaba) Wine and Derived Extracts." Fermentation 9, no. 2 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9020157.
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The alcoholic fermentation of jabuticaba berries (Plinia spp.) originates from a beverage with an intense taste and aroma, popularly known as jabuticaba wine (JW). In addition, polyphenols transferred from fruit peels to the final product turn this beverage into a promising source of bioactive agents. Here, the chemical profile and antioxidant potential of artisanal JW and derivative extracts were determined. Volatile organic compounds were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis. The wine was dried by lyophilization and subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning (water: ethyl acetate), resulting in three fractions (JWF1-3). ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. In addition, the extracts’ hematoprotective activity was evaluated against oxidative stress. Finally, the extracts were analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS. HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis highlighted 1,8-cineole as the main compound that contributes to the camphor/mint flavor. JWF2 and JWF3 displayed the highest antioxidant capacity. JWF2 stood out for preventing oxidative damage in red blood cells at 7.8 µg·mL−1 The maximal protection of ascorbic acid occurred at 8.8 µg·mL−1. The LC-HRMS/MS analysis allowed the annotation of seventeen compounds, most of them with recognized antioxidant activity such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavanols, and phenolic acids. The results presented herein reinforce JW as a pleasant beverage with bioactive potential.
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G., Prabakaran. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS SYSTEM ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING IN VARIOUS HABITATS OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L. (SWEET BASIL) LEAVES." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 5 (2018): 375–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1439290.
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The present study is to screen the antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of different polar and non polar solvent such as methanol, acetone, Petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts of various geographic habitat Ocimum basilicum leaves. Soxhlet extraction of leaves was used to find the antioxidant activity performed using non enzymatic ABTS and enzymatic GPx assay. Based on the results of antioxidant content present in Basil leaves methanol extracts further study was made to find the qualitative phytochemical analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography and GC-MS. In the antioxidant activity determined by ABTS radical scavenging method the highest value was highest observed in the lowest concentration (0.5 mg/ml) of methanol and aqueous extracts 42.03 ± 0.05 and 41.96 ± 96 respectively in Chidambaram and Yercaud samples. Glutathione peroxidase least concentration (0.5 mg/ml) of aqueous extract from Ramanathapuram sample found to show the (176.26 ± 0.05 units/mg protein/min) highest activity. Phytochemical screening was performed to find the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids moderate concentrations, polyphenols, saponins, steroids and negative result glycosides and tannins. In GC-MS analysis qualitatively more than ten bioactive compounds were identified including Linalool, Caffeic acid etc. Results of the present study on O. basilicum has promising antioxidant activity and could serve as natural antioxidants.
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Matthew, Otor, Tosin Fabunmi, Ofikwu Idoko, et al. "Evaluation Of In Vitro Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Gc-Ms Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Solanum Dasyphyllum Fruits." Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research 7, no. 4 (2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jmbsr_21008.
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Phytochemicals, antioxidant and the bioactive compounds present in the fruits of Solanum dasyphullum was investigated. Several phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides were detected. A total of 172 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Phenols, spermine, 2, 5- dimethylfuran and 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol were all identified. These compounds are known to have antioxidant property which may be responsible for the antioxidant property of the fruit extract. It was observed that the fruits extract exhibit antioxidant properties. The scavenging activity increases with the concentration of the extract with the following percentage scavenging activity; 200µg(90%),133µg (78%), 100 µg(69%), 67 µg(48), 33 µg(26.7%), 20 µg(18), 7 µg(7%). Compounds identified in the fruits of Solanum dasyphylum can be isolated and used as an antioxidant. Keywords: Solanum dasyphylum, oxidation, antioxidant and extracts.
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Desire T. Christopher, Itoro E. Willie, Itohowo O. Akpan, and Ekemini T. Domingo. "Antioxidant activity and identification of bioactive compounds in Telfairia occidentalis leaves using GC-MS analysis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (2022): 775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1291.
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Telfairia occidentalis belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. It is a plant with dark green leaves that also bears a pod containing edible seeds. It is widely cultivated in Western Africa, having high commercial importance in the eastern part of Nigeria. It is primarily used in the preparation of soup in the form of vegetable and in herbal medicines for production of blood tonic for weak and ill person, and also for the treatment of other ailments. Telfairia occidentalis leaves extract and fractions were evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis on the active extract and fractions to identify the bioactive compounds conferring these activities using standard procedures. The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract and different fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponin, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinones. The antioxidant activity was carried out using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) model; among the fractions ethyl acetate fraction (84.91%;100 µg/mL) demonstrated the best antioxidant activities in DPPH assay followed by the extract (80%;100 µg/mL), dichloromethane(79.51%;100 µg/mL) and n-hexane fractions (46.63%;100 µg/mL) with IC50 of 22.56 µg/mL, 37.43 µg/mL, 37.59 µg/mL, and 91.11 µg/mL. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) recorded highest activity at 100 µg/mL with ethyl acetate having the highest antioxidant effect (1.574 nm) compared to ascorbic acid (1.750 nm; 100 µg/mL) followed by DCM fraction (1.040 nm), crude extract (0.966 nm), and n-hexane fraction (0.724 nm). The GC-MS analysis recorded a total of 39 compounds from extract; 9 major constituents; oleic acid, (10.27%), acetic acid (9.66%), hexanoic acid (7.66%), phytol acetate (7.22%), 18,19-seccoyohimban-19-oic acid (6.69%), iso-propyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate(6.20%), n-hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (5.83%), trans-geranyl geraniol (4.21%) and 9,12- octadecadienoic acid (4.11%),39 compounds from DCM with 8 major constituents; (1,1-bicyclopropyl)-2-octanoic acid (25.87%), quinic acid (9%), acetic acid (6.66 %), 9-octadecadienoic acid (z,z) (5.63 %), benzofuran (5.34%), oxirane (4.11%), phytol, acetate (2.52 %) and vitamin E (2.37%), and 37 compounds from ethyl acetate fraction with 7 major constituents; stigmasterol (17.09%), vitamin E (14.73%), stigmasterol (11.25%), 4,22-stigmastadiene-3-one (9.40%), 7,22-ergostadienol (5.84%), dotricontane (3.88%) and eicosane (3.07%). From these results T. occidentalis extract and fractions shows high antioxidant activity. These compounds present in T. occidentalis extract and fractions could provide a rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the management of several pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress including type 2 diabetes and inflammatory conditions.
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Amodu, Samuel. "Phytochemical Screening, gc-ms Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Cassia Sieberiana DC." CURRENT TRENDS IN LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH Volume 1, Issue1 (2022): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.61867/pcub.v1i1a.007.
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The over production of free radicals in the human body is known to cause oxidative stress which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Therefore, the search for natural antioxidants would continue to be a major area of research for many decades. This study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities and to determine the phytochemicals present in Cassia sieberiana. The methanol stem bark extract of C. sieberiana was subjected to phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Its antioxidant activities were assayed in vitro using nitric oxide scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay, lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. The phytochemical screening of the stem bark extract of C. sieberiana showed saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpernoids, cardiac glycosides, phenolics and reducing sugar. The GC-MS Table revealed that the methanol extract has 51 bioactive compounds with 3-0-Methyl-d-glucose having the highest percentage of 12.16 % while 5.alpha-Androstan-3-beta-ol,4,4-dimethyl- having the lowest percentage of 0.09 %. The antioxidant study showed concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity of the methanol stem bark extract of C. sieberiana. This concentration-dependent result was also observed when compared with ascorbic acid used as the standard drug. The presence of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, among other things, might be responsible for C. sieberiana antioxidant activity. The study concluded that the methanol stem bark extract of C. sieberiana contains 51 bioactive compounds and showed good antioxidant activity which could be therapeutic in several human diseases. Key words: Cassia sieberiana, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Pharmaceuticals
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Radiastuti, Nani, Firdaus Ramadhan, and Yusraini Dian Inayati Siregar3. "Antioksidan Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Phomopsis spp. dari Tanaman Kina (Cinchona calisaya)." Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia 10, no. 2 (2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jbmi.v10i2.5822.
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ABSTRACT
 Phomopsis spp. is one of the endophytic fungi that was isolated from cinchona plant (Cinchona calisaya). Endophytic fungi ability to produce bioactive compounds similar to the host, as a solution to get bioactive compounds without doing a lot of exploitation in the quinine plant. This study aimed to determine the highest antioxidant activity (IC50) and known compounds acting as antioxidants in endophytic fungi extract Phomopsis spp. The extraction process was done by the maceration method by organic solvent ethyl acetate. The measured parameters IC50 and analysis of bioactive compound in extracts of endophytic fungi Phomopsis spp. The IC50 test used 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry (λ 517 nm) and identification bioactive compound with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Based on the results of the DPPH test extract of Phomopsis spp. M70 had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 1283.95 ppm. Results of GC-MS showed hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethyl ester, benzene ethanol, 4-hydroxy-, 9-octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester compounds which served as antioxidants in the extract of Phomopsis spp. M70. Extract of Phomopsis spp. M70 had the highest IC50 value but its antioxidant ability was classified as inactive. 
 
 Keywords: antioxidant, cinchona plants, endophytic fungi, Phomopsis spp.
 ABSTRAK
 Phomopsis spp. merupakan salah satu jamur endofit yang diisolasi dari tanaman kina (Cinchona calisaya). Kemampuan kapang endofit menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang mirip dengan inang, sebagai solusi mendapatkan senyawa bioaktif tanpa banyak melakukan eksploitasi pada tanaman kina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) tertinggi dan mengetahui senyawa yang berperan sebagai antioksidan dalam ekstrak jamur endofit Phomopsis spp. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Parameter yang diukur IC50 dan analisis senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak jamur endofit Phomopsis spp. Uji IC50 menggunakan metode 1.1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis (λ 517 nm) dan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Berdasarkan hasil uji DPPH ekstrak Phomopsis sp. M70 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan IC50 1283,95 ppm. Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan asam heksadekanoat, asam oktadekanoat 2- (2-hidroksietoksi) etil ester, benzenaetanol, 4-hidroksi-, asam 9-oktadekanoat, asam heksadekanoat 2-hidroksi-1- (hidroksi metil) etil ester dan asam oktadekanoat, 2 Senyawa -hidroksi-1- (hidroksimetil) etil ester yang berperan sebagai antioksidan pada ekstrak Phomopsis spp. M70. Ekstrak Phomopsis spp. M70 memiliki IC50 tertinggi namun kemampuan antioksidannya tergolong tidak aktif
 
 Kata kunci: antioksidan, kapang endofit, Phomopsis spp., tanaman kina
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Smita, Sinalkar, and Kokitkar Seema. "Phytochemical Study, Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 26 (2024): 2691–97. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i26.1280.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine antioxidant activity and identify bioactive compounds present in n-Hexane & Ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss.<strong> Methods:</strong> In the present study stem bark of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss was powdered and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using n-Hexane and Ethyl acetate as solvents. Extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. The Bio-active compounds were identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. <strong>Findings:</strong> The qualitative analysis revealed presence of various phytochemicals. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of total 28 Medicinally active compounds which included Tetradecane, Hentriacontane, Octacosane, Docosane and Eicosane in n-Hexane extract. 15 Medicinally active compounds were found in ethyl acetate extract which included Purolan, 1,2-Dipropenyl cyclobutane, Hentricontane, 2,6,7-Trimethyl decane, Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate and Decyl propanoate. <strong>Novelty:</strong> Though the phytochemical analysis of Soymida febrifuga have been performed by some research groups but there are no reports on identification of Bio-active compounds by GC-MS. The results obtained from present study confirms presence of many compounds of biological significance that warrants further biological and pharmacological study of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss as a potential herbal drug. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Soymida febrifuga; GC-MS analysis; DPPH assay; n-Hexane; Ethyl acetate
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Sulaiman, Mustapha, Amina Lawan Abubakar, Ma’aruf Abdulmumin Muhammad, et al. "Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Vernonia Amygdalina L. Leaves in Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts." International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability 10, no. 2 (2024): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v10i2.655.
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In recognition of its numerous medicinal benefits, bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina L.) is widely used in traditional medicine. Despite substantial research, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antioxidants and phytochemical properties of its methanolic and aqueous extracts remains undocumented. This study addresses this gap by examining the differences in antioxidant values and phytochemical constituents between the two extracts using advanced analytical techniques. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to investigate probable phytochemicals, while HPLC and GC-MS determined the differences in biological components. Both DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging tests evaluated variations in antioxidant activity. NMR Results indicated the presence of aromatic protons, phenolic hydroxyl groups, methyl groups, and methoxylated substances by the singlet signal at 7.1–7.5 ppm, singlet at 4.0–4.5 ppm, doublet at 1.0–1.5 ppm, and singlet at 2.0–2.5 ppm, respectively. FTIR results showed a C=O stretching at 1700 cm-1, an O-H stretching at about 3250 cm-1, and a C=C stretching between 1500 and 1600 cm-1. Methanolic extracts had higher phytochemical values according to GC-MS and HPLC data, except for rutin, delta-cadinene, and alpha-cadinol, which were higher in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, with maximal scavenging activities of 90.5% and 96.8%, respectively. At 200 µg/mL, the aqueous extract demonstrated scavenging activities of 85.4% and 92.7%. These findings underscore the enhanced potential of methanolic extract for therapeutic applications.
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Sunday, Onyeloni O., Uzochukwu C. Ikemefuna, and Innocentmary Ejiofor. "Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Evaluation, Fractionation and Structural Elucidation of Oat Meal Extract." Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 4 (2025): 174. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjpps/v4i4.5.
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Avena sativa (Fam. Poaceae) popularly called oat is a cereal crop regarded as a functional food because it has medicinal uses in addition to its food ingredient like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and fibres. It is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, central nervous effect. The aim of this study is the quantitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant evaluation, column chromatographic fractionation, TLC purification and isolation of fractions and GC-MS structural determination of isolated compounds. The aim of this study therefore is the bioassay guided extraction, fractionation purification to separate useful constituents and subsequent GC-MS structural elucidation of compounds present. The quantitative determination of the methanol extract was done using UV spectrophotometer for flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH scavenging assay with vitamin E as standard. The Oat meal extract was subjected to column chromatography to separate it into its component fraction. The eluted fractions were further analyzed using TLC. GC-MS analysis of fraction was performed using a Perkin Elmer GC Clarus 800 system. The result shows that methanol extract of Oat meal is a rich source of flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, tannins and saponins (198.85, 60.51, 60.35, 20.30 and 60.15% respectively). Oat meal extract also show significant antioxidant activity (68%) which may be attributed to the synergistic effect of phytochemical content. Lipophilic extracts were mainly observed in the chromatographic separation and purification. The GC-MS analysis reviewed the presence of 15 bioactive compounds.
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C, Jayalekshmi, Rajiv Periakaruppan, Karungan Selvaraj Selvaraj, and Noura Al-Dayan. "Spectroscopic Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Latex of Calotropis gigantea L. and an Evaluation of Its Biological Activities." Analytica 5, no. 3 (2024): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica5030024.
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The current research investigation aimed to screen the bioactive compounds in the latex of Calotropis gigantea L. and evaluate its antibacterial and antioxidant properties towards clinical applications. The chemical moiety and volatile compounds of the latex of C. gigantea were detected by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, and GC–MS analysis. The antibacterial activity was assessed using wound-inducing pathogens by well diffusion method. In addition, the antioxidant properties were determined through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The functional groups of O–H stretch, diketonic bonds, C–O, C–N, O–C bonds, and consecutive C–H bonds were observed in the latex of C. gigantea. The major bioactive compounds were 5H-3,5a-Epoxynaphth[2,1-c]oxepin, Cholesta-5-en-3-ol, 24-propylidene-, dodecane, Lup-20(29)-Ene-3,28-Diol, (3.Beta)-, Veridiflorol, and Lanosta-8,24-dien-3-ol, acetatate, (3.beta.). Oxazole derivatives were found in the latex of C. gigantea, proved by GC–MS analysis. The aqueous-mixed latex exhibited maximum antioxidant activity as compared to methanol-mixed latex. Aqueous-mixed latex and methanol-mixed latex inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. pyogenes, Micrococcus spp., S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. The present study clearly reveals that latex of C. gigantea has rich bioactive compounds with significant biological activities, and can be employed to produce a novel herbal formulation against wound-inducing pathogens.
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Erbiai, El Hadi, Luís Pinto da Silva, Rabah Saidi, Zouhaire Lamrani, Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva, and Abdelfettah Maouni. "Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal)." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040575.
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The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms, the honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) and the parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera), collected from Northern Morocco (MA) and Portugal (PT). Those species were chosen due to their edibility, nutraceutical, and medicinal properties. Bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, tannin, total phenolic, total flavonoid, β-carotene, and lycopene) and their antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Herein, the fruiting body of the samples revealed a significantly higher amount of bioactive compounds, and values varied between the Moroccan and the Portuguese ones. Methanolic extracts shown a strong antioxidant capacity: Using DPPH free radical-scavenging activity radicals (IC50 1.06–1.32 mg/mL); inhibition of β-carotene bleaching radicals (IC50 0.09–0.53 mg/mL); and, reducing power radicals (IC50 0.52–1.11 mg/mL). The mushroom species with the highest antioxidant capacity was A. mellea from MA. Chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS methodologies. GC-MS analysis showed that the most abundant biomolecules group was sugar compositions in the four samples (62.90%, 48.93%, 59.00%, and 53.71%) and the main components were galactitol 16.74%, petroselinic acid 19.83%, d-galactose 38.43%, and glycerol 24.43% in A. mellea (MA), A. mellea (PT), M. procera (MA), and M. procera (PT), respectively. LC-MS analysis of individual phenolic compounds revealed that vanillic acid (198.40 ± 2.82 µg/g dry weight (dw) and cinnamic acid (155.20 ± 0.97 µg/g dw) were the main compounds detected in A. mellea, while protocatechuic acid (92.52 ± 0.45 and 125.50 ± 0.89 µg/g dw) was predominated in M. procera for MA and PT samples, respectively. In general, the results of this comparative study demonstrate that the geographic and climatic conditions of the collection site can influence biomolecule compounds and antioxidant properties of wild mushrooms. This study contributes to the elaboration of nutritional, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical databases of the worldwide consumed mushrooms.
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Ramananthatheerthan, Abarna, Krishnaveni Narayanasamy, Alagumanikumaran Nagarajan, Subbulakshmi Madasamy, and Kannan Marikani. "Separation of major bioactive components by GC-MS and antioxidant studies on Solanum nigrum extract." Research Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 10 (2024): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1910rjbt052058.
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Traditional medicine involves the use of different bioactive constituents present in medicinal plants. Hence Solanum nigrum, was investigated for its activity against the common pathogens. Methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and acetone extracts of Solanum nigrum were prepared to determine the antibacterial activity against the chosen pathogen while compared to standard antibiotics. The present study was carried out on ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum leaves analyzed for phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The various phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and saponins were revealed in selected plant extracts by TLC. The antioxidant activity of the plant was analyzed using Fenton's reagent free radical scavenging studies and DPPH antioxidant activity measured colorimetrically. The preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were expressed at varying concentration of doses. GC-MS study revealed the presence of phytocomponents such as ethoxy acetylene, n-hexa decanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, Z, Z), 3-cyclohexene-1-methano, β-sitosterol, 2(1H) naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl), α-amyrin, lup-20(29)-en-3-one. The mass spectra of these compounds matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library, which reveals the presence of bioactive components in Solanum nigrum suggesting the contribution of these compounds on the pharmacological activity.
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Kopilakkal, Remya, and Balamurali M. Musuvathi. "Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity Model in Swiss Albino Rats and Its Characterization by GC-MS." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 7 (2020): 1097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200312152331.
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Background: Clerodendrum paniculatum has ethnomedicinal importance in treatment of disorders like wound, typhoid, jaundice, malaria and anemia. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and identification of its bioactive constituents by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC MS). Methods: Successive solvent extraction was carried out. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and 2-Azino-bis [3-ethyl benzothiazoline- 6-sufonic acid] (ABTS method) were done. Ethyl acetate extract was selected for hepatoprotective study in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated model followed by the measurement of liver function marker enzymes such as SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase). Biochemical parameters like bilirubin and protein were measured. Histopathologic liver sections were carried out. Bioactive constituents were evaluated by GC MS. Results: By DPPH and ABTS method, ethyl acetate extract showed IC50 as 70.14±0.92 μg/ml,2958.24±2.460 μg/ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract showed maximum IC50 (197.22 ±7.16 μg/ml) by Nitric oxide radical scavenging method. Hepatoprotective study reveals that intoxicated animal groups have elevated levels of enzymes and bilirubin and suppress the production of protein. The extract pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in enzymes and increased production of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic studies also support the hepatoprotective activity. GC MS analysis revealed the presence of seven major bioactive constituents with ethyl palmitate as the major one. Conclusion: The results support the proof for the hepatoprotective potential of the CPLE extract with potent antioxidant activity and enhanced liver enzyme level. The observed activity could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds as identified by GC MS analysis.
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S., Pavithra, Irene Vethamoni P., Pazhanivelan S., Venkatesan K., and Anand M. "Phytochemical Profiling of Dried Palmyrah Haustorium Powder through GC-MS Analysis: Unveiling Novel Bioactive Compounds." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (2023): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193662.
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Palmyrah seed haustorium is most beneficial (in human health) with its medicinal properties. It contains various volatile compounds and health benefits, preventing many diseases. The present study was carried out with palmyrah haustorium to evaluate the volatile compounds through GC-MS analysis using methanolic extract. The haustorium extract was used to identify the amount of bioactive substances, secondary metabolites, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and phenolics found in the Palmyrah haustorium using GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the palmyrah haustorium contains 50 volatile compounds and secondary metabolites. GC-MS analysis of palmyrah haustorium extract revealed volatile compounds with medicinal properties including anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, antihistaminic, cardiotonic, diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. It may prevent Alzheimer's and nervous system disorders. Haustorium is used in food and perfumery industries as a flavoring agent and food additives. The study highlights its health benefits and disease preventing potential in palmyrah haustorium.
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Palaniyappan, Sivagaami, Arun Sridhar, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Guillermo Téllez-Isaías, and Thirumurugan Ramasamy. "Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa." Marine Drugs 21, no. 5 (2023): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21050278.
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Exploration of seaweeds to unravel their bioactive metabolites from the perspective of wider applications gained substantial importance. The present study was performed to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential of various solvent extracts of green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa. The methanolic extract showed higher phenolic (11.99 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), tannin (18.59 ± 0.54 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 0.76 mg quercetin equivalents/g) content than other extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay with different concentrations of C. racemosa extracts. The methanolic extract showed higher scavenging potential in both the DPPH and ABTS activity with the inhibition value of 54.21 ± 1.39% and 76.62 ± 1.08%, respectively. Bioactive profiling was also identified by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. These studies revealed the presence of valuable bioactive compounds in C. racemosa extracts and these compounds might be responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-mutagenic properties. Major compounds identified in GC-MS were 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3-hexadecene and Phthalic acid. In terms of antibacterial activity, C. racemosa has promising antibacterial potential against aquatic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas salmonicida. Further evaluation studies focusing aquatic related aspects would reveal the novel bioproperties and applications of C. racemosa.
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Paudel, Mukti Ram, and Bijaya Pant. "Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts of Dendrobium amoenum and detection of bioactive compounds by GC-MS." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 11 (September 7, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v11i0.21030.
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Dendrobium amoenum is an epiphytic orchid used as tonic because it has many derivatives of phenols. The crude extract of this orchid has been shown to have antioxidant activity. The objectives of this research are to explore the cytotoxic activity of antioxidant-rich crude extract against the human cervical carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines by MTT assay and to detect the compounds by GC-MS. Methanol (DAM) extract of D. amoenum showed high cell growth inhibition percentage against the tested cell lines. DAM extract showed high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells (IC50 – 110.22 μg/ml) and least activity against U-251 cells (IC50 – 550.55 μg/ml). Thirteen compounds were detected and identified in the extract. Based on abundance, four major compounds detected were: (E)-13-docosenoic acid; oleic acid; 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; and hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester. The cytotoxic activity of DAM extract is probably due to the presence of these bioactive compounds, confirmation of which needs further investigation. The result also highlighted the potential of this orchid as the source of natural anticancer drug and to explore their isolation, identification and characterization.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2017) 11: 38–42
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Verma, Manish Kumar, A. H. Ahmad, Niddhi Arora, and Niharika Prasad. "The phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of the hydroethanolic extract of Chenopodium album L." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (2025): 182–89. https://doi.org/10.18006/2025.13(2).182.189.
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This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, mineral content, and antioxidant potential of the hydroethanolic extract of Chenopodium album (CAHE). The mineral content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with samples prepared by acid digestion. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), employing a Supelco capillary column and helium as the carrier gas (1.21 mL/min). Mass spectra (m/z 40–600) were analyzed by matching with the NIST library. Bioactive compounds were identified based on the relative peak area and spectral comparisons. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through nitric oxide scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal chelation assays, using ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standards. AAS analysis revealed high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium, indicating the nutritional value of CAHE. GC-MS fingerprinting identified bioactive compounds such as linoleic acid ethyl ester, quercetin, and phytol, known for their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, antioxidant assays demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity. CAHE exhibited significant nitric oxide and DPPH radical scavenging activities compared to ascorbic acid and BHT, respectively, along with moderate metal chelating activity. These results highlight the potential of CAHE in combating diseases related to oxidative stress. The study confirms that C. album contains essential minerals and bioactive phytochemicals with potent antioxidant properties. Its capacity for free radical neutralization underscores its applicability in therapeutic and preventive healthcare products.
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Thomas, Jibu, Aswathy Sasi, Pema Lhamo, Shiny Evangeline, Vinuba N, and Swetha S. "Natural bioactive compounds of Asparagus: A study of antioxidant and antibacterial activity." BIO Web of Conferences 172 (2025): 04005. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517204005.
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Ornamental plants, beyond their aesthetic appeal, possess notable therapeutic and medicinal properties. Asparagus setaceus, commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its bioactive compounds, including phenols, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy, and bioactive compound profiling of A. setaceus leaf extract. Soxhlet extraction with methanol was used in the analysis; the total polyphenol and flavonoid content were estimated to be 121 mg GAE/g and 0.16 mg QE/g, respectively. Dose-dependent antioxidant activity was obtained in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Through agar diffusion, an inhibition zone of 20 mm as compared to standard antibiotic control was shown, revealing significant inhibition of the Escherichia coli bacterium in antimicrobial activity assayed. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 168 bioactive compounds, among which dimethyl ether and hexadecanoic acid were the most abundant, and therefore, have potential therapeutic use, especially in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The present findings support the pharmacological importance of A. setaceus as a source of bioactive constituents, which merits further research for therapeutic purposes.
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Tran, Vu Phuong, and Ngoc Diep Cao. "Bioactive Compounds from Marine Microbacterium tumbae ND2.7c Strain by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 5 (2021): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13963583.
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The objectives of this study were analysis of the secondary metabolite products from extract of marine <em>Microbacterium tumbae</em> ND2.7c strain which isolated from sponges at Ha Tien Sea, Kien Giang province, Vietnam. Eleven bioactive compounds were identified in the organic solvent ethyl acetate-hexane. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds based on the peak area, retention time, molecular weight, and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of <em>Microbacterium tumbae</em> ND2.7c strain revealed the existence of the 11 bioactive compounds had antimicrobial activity as cyclopentasiloxanedecamethyl-, tetrasiloxane 3.5-diethoxy-1.1.1.7.7.7-hexamethyl-3.5-bis(trimethylsiloxy), 1-dodecene, 3-isopropoxy-1.1.1.7.7.7-hexamethyl-3.5.5-tris(trimethylsiloxy) tetrasiloxane, 3,5-di-t-butylphenol, phthalic acid, 3.4-dihydroxymandelic acid 4TMS, 1.6-dioxacyclododecane-7-12-dione, 2-Propyl-1-pentanol, 2-(2’.4’.4’.6’.6’.8’.8’-heptamethyltetrasiloxan-2’yloxy)-2.4.4.6.6.8.8.10.10-nonamethyl cyclopentasilox-ane and phthalic acid monoethyl ester. These compounds are bioactive secondary metabolites having antimicrobial activity, antifungal, antioxidant, against human pathogenic bacteria
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Çolak, Esin, Erdi C. Aytar, and Yasemin Ö. Kömpe. "Ex vitro propagation and phytochemical analysis of Serapias vomeracea (Burm.f.) Briq.: contribution to the conservation of Orchidaceae species." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 22, no. 4 (2025): 21014. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024224-21014.
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Aim of study: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seed germination and antioxidant propertiesof Serapias vomeracea (Burm.f.) Briq. Specifically, the aims of the research were to explore the influence of the Tulasnellaceae spp, fungal isolate SVL-30 (MK250656), on germination and seedling development, compare antioxidant activity to that of ascorbic acid, analyse the phytochemical composition, and identify bioactive compounds present in the methanol extract. Area of study: University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Samsun, Türkiye. Materials and methods: Pots containing S. vomeracea and SVL-30 fungus, along with a control group without fungus, were utilized for the experiment. The impact of the fungus on germination stages and seedling development was assessed. Antioxidant analysis involved determining phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 2.09 mg/mL). Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured to evaluate the physiological health of the plant. GC-MS analysis was employed to identify 19 bioactive compounds present in the methanol extract. Main results: The fungus significantly stimulated germination, with 83.02% of seeds germinating, and 52.66%progressing to the seedling stage. Antioxidant analysis revealed substantial phenolic and flavonoid content in S. vomeracea seedlings, demonstrating potent antioxidant properties comparable to ascorbic acid. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents emphasized the balanced and healthy physiology of the plant. GC-MS analysis identified 19 bioactive compounds in the methanol extract, highlighting the potential bioactivity of S. vomeracea. Research highlights: This study furnishes valuable information on the germination, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of S. vomeracea seedlings. The research underscores the potential bioactivity of the plant, substantiated by the identification of bioactive compounds. The findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of the potential health benefits of S. vomeracea. A strategic shift towards studies emphasizing sustainable agricultural practices is recommended, aiming to balance both conservation and utilization objectives.
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ZIRARI, Malak, Marouane AOUJI, Meryem ZOUARHİ, et al. "Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening and GC-MS profile of Abies marocana Trab." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 11, no. 1 (2023): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1372709.
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The aim of this research was to explore the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of etheric extracts of Abies marocana. A Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract bioactive molecules from the various parts of the plant. Furthermore, the levels of antioxidant compounds were quantified, while the Gas chromatography was utilized to determine the chemical constituents of the extracted molecules. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using the DPPH radical scavenging method and the total antioxidant capacity test. The levels of polyphenols varied across different parts of the plant, ranging from 2.474 ± 0.029 mg.g-1 DM in needles to 4.207 ± 0.008 mg.g-1 DM in twigs. Flavonoids were most abundant in needles 0.140 ± 0.001 mg.g-1 DM and least abundant in cones 0.069 ± 0.007 mg.g-1 DM. Tannins had the highest concentration in twigs 2.608 ± 0.114 mg.g-1 DM, followed by cones 1.948 ± 0.037 mg.g-1 DM and needles 1.512 ± 0.09 mg.g-1 DM. A chromatographic analysis revealed that 56 components were in the samples, with terpene compounds being the most abundant in the different organs. In terms of antioxidant activity, the extract derived from twigs exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity 49.377 ± 0.371 mg EAA.g-1 DM, followed by cones 35.129 ± 0.084 mg EAA.g-1 DM and needles 13.663 ± 0.084 mg EAA.g-1 DM. Alternatively, the IC50 values for the three organs were found to be in the range of 3844 to 5047.67 µg.mL-1. The results highlight the potential phytopharmaceutical value of A. marocana due to the presence of diverse phyto-components.