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Journal articles on the topic 'Antiretroviral agents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Chaudry, Muddasar N., and David H. Shepp. "ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS." Dermatologic Clinics 15, no. 2 (April 1997): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70440-x.

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2

Kraus, George A., Alex Melekhov, Susan Carpenter, Yvonne Wannemuhler, and Jacob Petrich. "Phenanthrenequinone antiretroviral agents." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00589-2.

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3

Siegel, Lawrence, and Roy M. Gulick. "New antiretroviral agents." Current Infectious Disease Reports 9, no. 3 (April 27, 2007): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-007-0038-8.

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4

Cambou, Mary C., and Raphael J. Landovitz. "Novel Antiretroviral Agents." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 17, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-020-00486-2.

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5

Harris, Marianne. "Raltegravir: Its use in the Treatment of HIV Infection." Clinical Medicine. Therapeutics 1 (January 2009): CMT.S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s32.

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Raltegravir is the first integrase strand transfer inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Administered orally in doses of 400 mg twice daily, it is well-tolerated and has minimal drug-drug interactions with coadministered antiretrovirals and other agents. In clinical trials including treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults, raltegravir in combination with other antiretroviral agents has demonstrated a rapid and potent virologic effect and a generally benign safety profile. Like other antiretrovirals, raltegravir should ideally be given with two addit

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6

&NA;. "GUIDELINES FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS." American Journal of Nursing 100, no. 5 (May 2000): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200005000-00019.

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7

Collura, Jennifer M., and Donna M. Kraus. "New pediatric antiretroviral agents." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 14, no. 4 (July 2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mph.2000.107924.

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8

Owen, Andrew, and Saye H. Khoo. "Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral agents." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3, no. 3 (May 2008): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0b013e3282f7cda4.

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9

COLLURA, J., and D. KRAUS. "New pediatric antiretroviral agents." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 14, no. 4 (July 2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(00)27765-1.

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10

Struble, Kimberly A., R. Douglas Pratt, and Steven R. Gitterman. "Toxicity of antiretroviral agents." American Journal of Medicine 102, no. 5 (May 1997): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00065-x.

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11

Ghebremedhin, Beniam. "Maraviroc in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-1 Patients." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 5 (January 2012): IDRT.S7597. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/idrt.s7597.

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New antiretroviral agents that are better tolerated with less side effects and novel resistance patterns are needed at all lines of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapeutic strategies. The CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist maraviroc is a member of the novel class of “antiretroviral agents” that prevents the entry of HIV-1 into host cells by blocking the CCR5 coreceptor. In the MERIT (Maraviroc versus Efavirenz in Treatment-Naïve Patients) study in antiretrovial-naïve patients aged ≥16 years with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection, maraviroc showed noninferiority to efavirenz for virolog

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12

Yakiwchuk, Erin M., Michelle M. Foisy, and Christine A. Hughes. "Complexity of Interactions Between Voriconazole and Antiretroviral Agents." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42, no. 5 (April 15, 2008): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1k530.

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Objective: To evaluate and summarize pertinent aspects of the literature on interactions between voriconazole and antiretroviral agents. Data Sources: Primary literature was identified through MEDLINE (1950-February 2008), EMBASE (1988-February 2008), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-February 2008) using the search terms voriconazole, ritonavir, protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, raltegravir, maraviroc, and drug interactions. Additionally, relevant abstracts from infectious diseases and HIV conferences (2004-February 2008), reference citations

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13

Abu-Awwad, Simona-Alina, Ahmed Abu-Awwad, Madalina-Ianca Suba, Voichita Elena Lazureanu, Andrei-Daniel Bolovan, Ovidiu Rosca, Mirela-Mădălina Turaiche, Adela-Teodora Benea, and Bogdan Hogea. "Evaluating Hepatotoxicity: A Comparative Analysis of New Generation versus Historical Antiretroviral Agents." Infectious Disease Reports 16, no. 3 (April 24, 2024): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr16030031.

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(1) Background: Since the advent of zidovudine in 1987, antiretroviral therapy has undergone significant evolution, marked by the introduction of 34 antiretroviral drugs and 24 fixed-dose combinations. Despite these advances, hepatotoxicity remains a formidable challenge, influencing morbidity, mortality, and treatment adherence in HIV-infected patients. This study aims to compare the hepatotoxic effects of latest-generation antiretroviral medications with those of older-generation therapies, assessing their long-term impact on liver health in HIV patients. (2) Methods: This retrospective stud

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14

Sutherland, David C. "Antiretroviral agents in the nineties." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 2 (July 1992): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137049.x.

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15

Barber, Tristan J., and Alan Winston. "Pharmacokinetics of experimental antiretroviral agents." Future Virology 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17460794.2.1.39.

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16

Bang, Ji Hwan. "Recent Advances of Antiretroviral Agents." Korean Journal of Medicine 90, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2016.90.6.481.

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17

Kraus, George A., Alex Melekhov, Susan Carpenter, Yvonne Wannemuhler, and Jacob Petrich. "ChemInform Abstract: Phenanthrenequinone Antiretroviral Agents." ChemInform 31, no. 18 (June 8, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200018174.

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18

Mascolini, Mark, Douglas Richman, Brendan Larder, John Mellors, and Charles AB Boucher. "Clinical Implications of Resistance to Antiretrovirals: New Resistance Technologies and Interpretations." Antiviral Therapy 13, no. 2 (February 2008): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350801300211.

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Understanding resistance to antiretroviral therapy plays an ever more crucial role in managing HIV infection as new agents – including several in new antiretroviral classes – promise better control of multidrug-resistant virus in the developed world. Yet these new drugs have different, and often complex, resistance profiles. At the same time, resistance has assumed a key role in developing countries as access to additional antiretrovirals expands in the face of first-line regimen failures. Every year the International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop gathers leading investigators and resistance-sa

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19

Schnittman, Steven M. "Treatment of HIV-1 Infection with Combination Therapy: Antiretroviral Agents and Biological Response Modifiers." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 5, suppl a (1994): 42A—46A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/134340.

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While nucleoside antiretroviral agents are effective in delaying disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV - infected individuals. their activity is limited in magnitude and duration. Therefore, approaches to attacking HIV via combination therapies have recently been under investigation. In particular, since HIV infection dysregulates and destroys the immune system. it is logical to develop therapeutic approaches that would both restore the immune response and have direct antiviral activity. Preliminary evaluations of the combination of zidovudine wilh interferon alpha (IFN-α) h

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20

Mouradjian, Mallory T., Emily L. Heil, Hyunuk Sueng, and Neha Sheth Pandit. "Virologic suppression in patients with a documented M184V/I mutation based on the number of active agents in the antiretroviral regimen." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212096057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120960570.

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Objectives: The optimal antiretroviral therapy for patients with the M184V/I mutation is not known. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of various antiretroviral therapies in patients with HIV and the M184V/I mutation based on the number of active antiretroviral agents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 100 treatment-experienced patients harboring the M184V/I mutation seen at an urban HIV clinic. Efficacy was classified as percentage of patients with viral suppression defined as HIV RNA viral load <200 copies/mL at last measurement on curre

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21

Permanyer, Marc, Ester Ballana, Alba Ruiz, Roger Badia, Eva Riveira-Munoz, Encarna Gonzalo, Bonaventura Clotet, and José A. Esté. "Antiretroviral Agents Effectively Block HIV Replication after Cell-to-Cell Transfer." Journal of Virology 86, no. 16 (June 13, 2012): 8773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01044-12.

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Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to virus escape to the action of antiretrovirals and a mode of HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Here, cocultures of infected HIV-1 cells with primary CD4+T cells or lymphoid cells were used to evaluate virus transmission and the effect of known antiretrovirals. Transfer of HIV antigen from infected to uninfected cells was resistant to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) zidovudine (AZT) and tenofovir, but was blocked by the attachment inhibitor IgGb12. However, quantitative measurement of viral

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22

Buss, Neil, and Nick Cammack. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Agents." Antiviral Therapy 6, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350100600101.

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Considerable progress has been made recently in developing effective antiretroviral combination therapy that can suppress viral replication and delay disease progression in individuals infected with HIV. A range of up to 15 approved antiretroviral agents is now available, which target two different viral enzymes, while several agents are in clinical development. The rapid development and approval of antiretroviral agents, driven by the urgency of clinical need as well as the complexity of possible combinations, has precluded the extensive comparative clinical testing of regimens, which is nece

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23

Boffito, Marta, David Back, and José M. Gatell. "Twenty years of boosting antiretroviral agents." AIDS 29, no. 17 (November 2015): 2229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000800.

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24

Dudley, M. N. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics Of Nucleoside Antiretroviral Agents." Journal of Infectious Diseases 171, Supplement 2 (March 1, 1995): S99—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/171.supplement_2.s99.

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25

Flexner, Charles. "New antiretroviral agents in clinical development." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 5, no. 6 (December 1992): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199212000-00009.

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26

Stanic, Anela, and Tulip K. Schneider. "Overview of Antiretroviral Agents in 2005." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (August 2005): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190005278612.

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To date, 25 antiretroviral agents (including fixed-dose combinations) have gained approval by the Food and Drug Administration and are currently available on the market for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. New protease inhibitors, atazanavir sulfate (Reyataz) and fosamprenavir (Lexiva), were licensed, in addition to the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) emtricitabine (Emtriva) and 2 fixed-dose NRTI combinations, emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) and lamivudine/abacavir (Epzicom). These newly licensed antiretroviral agents allow for lower pill burde

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27

Myers, M. W. "New Antiretroviral Agents in the Clinic." Clinical Infectious Diseases 12, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/12.5.944.

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28

MAHONEY, DIANA. "Antiretroviral Agents Prevent HIV-1 Infection." Family Practice News 42, no. 13 (August 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(12)70542-x.

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29

Reed, Caitlin, and Eric S. Daar. "Novel antiretroviral agents in HIV therapy." Current Infectious Disease Reports 8, no. 6 (November 2006): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-006-0024-6.

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30

Hughes, Christine A., Michelle Foisy, and Alice Tseng. "Interactions between antifungal and antiretroviral agents." Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 9, no. 5 (March 29, 2010): 723–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740331003752694.

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31

Morris, Jennifer L., and Donna M. Kraus. "New Antiretroviral Therapies for Pediatric HIV Infection." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-10.4.215.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome affect millions of children worldwide. The development of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients infected with HIV. Currently, 4 classes of antiretroviral agents exist: nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and entry inhibitors. A total of 21 single-entity antiretroviral agents and 4 co-formulated antiretroviral products hold Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ap

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32

Thenin-Houssier, Suzie, and Susana T. Valente. "HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors as Antiretroviral Agents." Current HIV Research 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2016): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x14999160224103555.

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33

Lange, Joep MA, and Jintanat Ananworanich. "The discovery and development of antiretroviral agents." Antiviral Therapy 19, Suppl 3 (2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3851/imp2896.

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34

Nikolopoulos, Georgios, Stefanos Bonovas, Argirios Tsantes, and Nikolaos Sitaras. "HIV/AIDS: Recent Advances in Antiretroviral Agents." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 9, no. 8 (July 1, 2009): 900–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709788681609.

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35

Fridland, Arnold, Michele C. Connelly, and Brian L. Robbins. "Cellular Factors for Resistance against Antiretroviral Agents." Antiviral Therapy 5, no. 3 (April 1, 1999): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350000500301.

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Substantial advancements have been made in our understanding of the complex replication cycle of, and immunopathology associated with HIV infection as well as the drugs used to treat the disease. The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors remain the cornerstones of current antiviral treatment modalities. Unfortunately, their long-term use often leads to adverse reactions and the emergence of virus mutants with decreased susceptibility to therapeutic agents. In addition to viral resistance, prolonged antiviral treatment may affect metabolic changes in the host cells that can diminish the e

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36

Husstedt, IW, D. Reichelt, U. Oelker-Grueneberg, and S. Evers. "Neurotoxic effect of antiretroviral agents on CNS." Journal of the International AIDS Society 11, Suppl 1 (2008): P163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p163.

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37

Antoniou, Tony, and Alice Lin-In Tseng. "Interactions between Recreational Drugs and Antiretroviral Agents." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 10 (October 2002): 1598–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1a447.

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OBJECTIVE: To summarize existing data regarding potential interactions between recreational drugs and drugs commonly used in the management of HIV-positive patients. DATA SOURCES: Information was obtained via a MEDLINE search (1966–August 2002) using the MeSH headings human immunodeficiency virus, drug interactions, cytochrome P450, medication names commonly prescribed for the management of HIV and related opportunistic infections, and names of commonly used recreational drugs. Abstracts of national and international conferences, review articles, textbooks, and references of all articles were

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38

Treisman, Glenn J., and Adam I. Kaplin. "Neurologic and psychiatric complications of antiretroviral agents." AIDS 16, no. 9 (June 2002): 1201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200206140-00002.

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39

Burger, David, Erik Stroes, and Peter Reiss. "Drug interactions between statins and antiretroviral agents." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3, no. 3 (May 2008): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0b013e3282fbaa54.

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40

Savatier, Nathalie, Didier Rocancourt, Claire Bonnerot, and Jean-François Nicolas. "A novel system for screening antiretroviral agents." Journal of Virological Methods 26, no. 2 (November 1989): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(89)90153-5.

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41

McNicholl, Ian, and Joan McNicholl. "On the Horizon: Promising Investigational Antiretroviral Agents." Current Pharmaceutical Design 12, no. 9 (March 1, 2006): 1091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206776055804.

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42

Johnson, R. Paul, and Robert T. Schooley. "Update on antiretroviral agents other than zidovudine." Aids 3, Supplement (January 1989): S145–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198901001-00022.

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43

Raines, Charles, Olivia Radcliffe, and Glenn J. Treisman. "Neurologic and Psychiatric Complications of Antiretroviral Agents." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 16, no. 5 (September 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2005.07.004.

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44

Otto, Ashley O., Christina G. Rivera, John D. Zeuli, and Zelalem Temesgen. "Hepatotoxicity of Contemporary Antiretroviral Drugs: A Review and Evaluation of Published Clinical Data." Cells 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051263.

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Contemporary antiretroviral agents afford enhanced potency and safety for patients living with HIV. Newer antiretroviral drugs are often better tolerated than those initially approved in the early stages of the HIV epidemic. While the safety profile has improved, adverse drug reactions still occur. We have segregated the antiretroviral agents used in contemporary practice into class groupings based on their mechanism of antiviral activity (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and entry inhibitor

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45

Atta, Mohamed G., Sophie De Seigneux, and Gregory M. Lucas. "Clinical Pharmacology in HIV Therapy." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 3 (May 29, 2018): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02240218.

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The success of combination antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-1–positive individuals has shifted clinical attention toward combination antiretroviral drug regimens that optimize tolerability, long-term safety, and durable efficacy. Wherever patients have access to treatment, morbidity and mortality are increasingly driven by non–HIV-associated comorbidities, which may be observed earlier than in age-matched controls and despite the best available combination antiretroviral therapy. Similarly, HIV-1–positive individuals are now diagnosed and treated earlier with anticipated lifelong

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46

Harrigan, P. Richard, and Brendan A. Larder. "Extent of Cross-Resistance between Agents Used To Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Clinically Derived Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 3 (March 2002): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.3.909-912.2002.

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ABSTRACT The phenomenon of cross-resistance to antiretroviral agents used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is well known but so far has been only qualitatively described. Here, we quantitate the degree of cross-resistance among all commonly prescribed antiretroviral agents in almost 5,000 clinically derived recombinant isolates collected in the United States since January 2000.

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47

Onukak, E. E., A. E. Onukak, E. C. Akwiwu, and J. O. Akpotuzor. "Impact of Antiretroviral Agents on Blood Cell Parameters." Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 8, no. 1 (May 27, 2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v8i1.6.

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Human immunodeficiency virus infection continues to be a major public health challenge in under-developed regions due to poverty, war and illiteracy. In developed countries, where much success has been achieved in fighting the menace, access to improved therapy is largely responsible. Nevertheless, studies have linked HIV and antiretroviral therapy with increased risk of cytopenia of all major blood cell lines and associated morbidities such as anaemia and platelet-driven cardiovascular events. Some antiretroviral agents such as zidovudine are associated with bone marrow suppression and an inc

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48

Hoetdmans, Richard MW. "Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Drugs." Antiviral Therapy 4, no. 3_suppl (April 1, 1998): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965359900403s01.

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In this paper, an overview of the pharmacokinetics of currently available antiretroviral drugs is provided. Included in this article are the agents zidovudine, stavudine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, didanosine, abacavir, nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir and nelfinavir. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, drug penetration in body compartments and drug interactions are discussed for each agent.

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49

Doran, Cynthia M. "New Approaches to Using Antiretroviral Therapy for the Management of Hiv Infection." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 2 (February 1997): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100215.

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Objective To review the changes that have occurred in the past 2 years in the management of HIV infection with antiretroviral agents by contrasting the 1994 with the 1996 Guidelines. Data Sources Conference proceedings, clinical experience of the author and her colleagues, and English-language articles from the body of scientific literature identified via MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, and Current Contents served as data sources. Data Synthesis Current antiretroviral management strategies include movement away from using zidovudine monotherapy, institution of combination antiretroviral therapy earlier in

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50

Marino-Merlo, Francesca, Emanuela Balestrieri, Claudia Matteucci, Antonio Mastino, Sandro Grelli, and Beatrice Macchi. "Antiretroviral Therapy in HTLV-1 Infection: An Updated Overview." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050342.

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The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of inflammatory based diseases. Although the heterogeneous features of the diseases caused by HTLV-1, a common topic concerning related therapeutic treatments relies on the use of antiretrovirals. This review will compare the different approaches and opinions in this matter, giving a concise overview of preclinical as well as clinical studies cove

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