To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.
Books on the topic 'Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 27 books for your research on the topic 'Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chandani, Yasmin. Quantification of HIV tests and ARV drugs for Zimbabwe's MOHCW Program: 2007-2008. Arlington, VA: Supply Chain Management System, 2007.
Find full text
2
Pandit, Neha Sheth, and Emily L. Heil. Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Systemic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are influenced by the pharmacokinetic properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetics and local drug exposure can differ significantly within anatomical sanctuary sites compared with the systemic compartment. High variability in interpatient ARV concentrations is common, which makes population pharmacokinetics for ARVs very difficult to interpret. HIV replication is dynamic and requires combination antiretroviral therapy with multiple active agents in order to achieve durable virologic suppression. Direct and indirect relationships between drug exposure, efficacy, and/or toxicity are common for most ARVs, which can be used to improve overall treatment success. Suboptimal adherence can result in inadequate concentrations, drug resistance, and virologic failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring can be considered in certain scenarios that should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
3
Webber, David M. Morals and Medicines. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423564.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The second case study, explored here in chapter 6, addresses the commitment of the New Labour government to increase the availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs needed to combat HIV and AIDS in the developing world. This chapter extends the analysis that appears in chapter 3 concerning New Labour’s claim to be the ‘party of business’ and its special relationship with the UK pharmaceutical industry. In doing so, it reveals a clear tension between the priority that New Labour afforded to these drug companies, and the commitment that Brown and other government officials made concerning the delivery of ARV medicines. Despite the urgent need to roll-out these drugs to stem the rising tide of AIDS-related deaths in the global South, New Labour’s policies – again designed principally by Brown – appeared to prioritise the preferences of these firms and their shareholders. Although Brown was amongst a number of government officials concerned at the prohibitively high price of these drugs, this chapter finds that he was also instrumental in introducing a number of measures that incentivised rather than forced the industry into meeting its wider obligations towards addressing HIV and AIDS, and the other so-called ‘diseases of poverty’ in the global South.
4
G, Shekelle Paul, Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center/RAND., and United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality., eds. Antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance in the developing world. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.
Find full text
5
Schafer, Jason J., Elizabeth M. Sherman, Taylor K. Gill, and Jatandra Birney. Understanding and Managing Antineoplastic and Antiretroviral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0029.
Full textAbstract:
The use of combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with malignancies is associated with improved HIV and cancer-related outcomes. Combining antiretroviral and antineoplastic therapy is often complicated by significant drug-drug interactions, drug-disease state monitoring interactions and overlapping toxicities. Definitive pharmacokinetic studies evaluating drug interactions between antineoplastics and antiretrovirals are uncommon and clinical judgment must often be used to determine the potential for significant interactions. Adjusting antiretroviral therapy in response to significant drug interactions or overlapping toxicities is often more feasible than modifying antineoplastic protocols.
6
Thu, Ye, and Naiel Nassar. HIV-1 Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0021.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous epidemiologic studies of antiretroviral resistance in both treatment-experienced and treatment-naive individuals have been performed in the potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. The development of antiretroviral resistance depends on previous antiretroviral exposure, compliance with the medication, and availability of a fully active antiretroviral regimen for the individual patient. The previous exposure to ART medications plays significant role in developing drug resistance, especially in patients who are noncompliant with medications. Drug resistance testing should be done in the setting of treatment failure because it can help achieve better virologic response. There is extensive cross-resistance with first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and first-generation integrase strand inhibitors.
7
Short, William R., and Jason J. Schafer. Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
Research has demonstrated that proper prevention strategies and interventions during pregnancy, labor, and delivery can significantly reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) should be initiated in all HIV-infected pregnant women regardless of CD4+ T cell count or HIV-1 RNA level. ARVs should be given in combination therapy, similar to nonpregnant patients, with the goal of complete virologic suppression. Treatment changes during pregnancy have been associated with the loss of virologic control and independently associated with mother-to-child transmission. All cases of prenatal antiretroviral exposure should be reported to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, which collects data on HIV-infected pregnant women taking ARVs with the goal of detecting any major teratogenic effects.
8
Samson, Brandon H., and James D. Scott. Understanding the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in the Aging Patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0031.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of HIV infection is increasing in the older population. Because of other comorbidities, older patients infected with HIV may be taking multiple medications, which increases the risk of drug–drug interactions. Treatment of HIV in aging patients is based on the consideration of adverse effects associated by antiretroviral therapy (ART) with regard to renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, metabolic, and bone health, as well as the potential for increased drug–drug interactions. Because ART is associated with both beneficial and deleterious effects, health care providers should weigh the negative effects against the positive effects of viral suppression. Health care providers should routinely review patients’ medication lists to search for significant drug–drug interactions and perform drug interaction checks using available resources.
9
Kramer, Carolyn, and Emily Blumberg. Immunosuppressants and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Transplant Patients. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0028.
Full textAbstract:
Protease inhibitors (PIs), especially ritonavir, are inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp1 and can significantly increase levels of calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Cobicistat is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, and its effect on levels of calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors is likely to be similar to that of ritonavir. Efavirenz may result in lower concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors. Dose reduction and careful attention to monitoring drug levels are critical to avoid toxicity and maintain therapeutic immunosuppressive concentrations when PIs or cobicistat are coadministered with calcineurin inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. Although there is no formalized recommendation for the ideal antiretroviral therapy regimen in HIV-positive transplant recipients, a regimen consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase and an integrase inhibitor minimizes the risk of drug–drug interactions and simplifies dosing of immunosuppressive agents while maintaining a high barrier to resistance.
10
Majid, Adrian, and Bruce L. Gilliam. Future Antiretrovirals, Immune-Based Strategies, and Therapeutic Vaccines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Highly active antiretroviral therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients chronically infected with HIV. Novel drugs, both within existing classes and new ones, are in various stages of development and testing. New medications within existing classes of antiretroviral agents are in clinical trials and will likely offer activity against resistant HIV-1 strains and provide alternatives for combination pill therapy. Novel therapeutics including oral attachment inhibitors and monoclonal antibody treatments continue to show efficacy against HIV-1 and progress in clinical trials. Tenofovir alafenamide is a prodrug that produces higher intracellular levels of tenofovir diphosphate with likely less renal and bone toxicity. Among traditional classes of HIV treatment, both doravirine (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) and cabotegravir (an integrase strand inhibitor) are newer agents with activity against resistant virus. Maturation inhibitors are a new class of treatment that block protease cleavage, leading to the release of an immature virion.
11
Cozza, Kelly L., Gary H. Wynn, Glenn W. Wortmann, Scott G. Williams, and Rita Rein. Psychopharmacological Treatment Issues in HIV/AIDS Psychiatry. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0042.
Full textAbstract:
Attention to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and an understanding of intended effects, side effects, toxicities, and drug interactions are imperative when treating persons with HIV/AIDS. This chapter includes an essential review of drug interaction principles and an overview of current antiretroviral treatment (ART) and known side effects, toxicities, and drug interactions, in text and table format. The chapter concludes with a presentation of psychotropic-antiretroviral treatment issues. Most psychotropics are effective in the treatment of persons with HIV, but some, particularly the pan-inducing antiepileptics, are best avoided or at least should be very carefully monitored. Recognizing the potential for drug–drug interactions allows for more careful monitoring and for consideration of alternative treatments or precautions. Being a pharmacologically knowledgeable multidisciplinary team member can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients. An understanding of antiretroviral therapy and psychopharmacological treatment issues prevents morbidity, supports adherence to medications, and improves quality of life for persons with HIV.
12
Chu, Carolyn, and Christopher M. Bositis. HIV Transmission Prevention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
The prevention of HIV transmission involves a number of behavioral, structural, and biomedical interventions. Behavioral methods include education about sexual health, drug use, and risk reduction, as well as specific messages for at-risk populations who are HIV positive. Needle exchange programs and consistent use of condoms have proven effective for prevention of HIV infection. Post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV with antiviral drugs is often recommended in occupational health care and non-occupational settings. Voluntary male circumcision also reduces the risk of HIV acquisition. The treatment of pregnant women who are HIV infected can effectively eliminate mother-to-child transmission of the virus. Recently, the use of antiretroviral drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis has proven highly effective in preventing HIV infections in high-risk groups including men who have sex with men. Promising therapies that likely will be available in the future include injectable antiviral drugs, vaginal microbicides, and HIV vaccines.
13
Sekhar, Rajagopal V. Endocrine Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0035.
Full textAbstract:
HIV infection is now a chronic disease, and it is associated with an increasing prevalence of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. The underlying etiology of these disorders can be attributed to multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the effects of HIV itself, antiretroviral drugs, the effects of immune dysfunction, and other opportunistic infections. Any endocrine glandular system can be involved; hence, appropriate clinical suspicion, endocrinological dynamic testing for accurate diagnosis, and effective therapy are important in the identification and management of these disorders. HIV infection, antiretroviral drugs, and other factors play a role in the development of endocrine disease. For endocrine disorders in HIV, early referral to an endocrinologist is suggested.
14
Sekhar, Rajagopal V. Dyslipidemia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0047.
Full textAbstract:
Patients infected with HIV often develop dyslipidemia. Although lipid abnormalities have been described in HIV-infected patients from the pre-combination antiretroviral therapy era, they are most striking in patients treated with antiretroviral drugs and may even be present in those not exposed to these drugs. The dyslipidemic profile in HIV includes abnormalities in lipids and lipoprotein, including hypertriglyceridemia, elevated plasma total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many patients also have the phenotypic appearance of lipodystrophy, with a variable combination of centripetal fat accumulation. The consequence of an abnormal dyslipidemic profile in the HIV lipodystrophic patient is an accelerated risk of developing myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes.
15
Weiss, Jeffrey J., and Michael J. Stirratt. Psychiatric Aspects of Care Engagement and Medication Adherence in Antiretroviral-Based HIV Treatment and Prevention. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0029.
Full textAbstract:
Care engagement and treatment adherence are directly related to HIV treatment outcomes and to mortality. Active drug use and psychiatric illness such as depressive and addictive disorders are significant barriers to care engagement and treatment adherence among persons living with HIV and those at high risk for HIV infection and eligible for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This chapter addresses (1) psychiatric aspects of PrEP for HIV prevention, (2) the care continuum for individuals living with HIV infection, (3) psychiatric determinants of HIV care engagement, (4) behavioral interventions to improve HIV care engagement, (5) psychiatric determinants of antiretroviral (ART) adherence, (6) interventions to improve ART adherence, and (7) implications of research findings for the medical and mental health clinician working with patients with psychiatric illness who are living with HIV or at risk for infection.
16
Wohl, David A., and Jeffrey T. Kirchner. Cardiovascular Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0041.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing body of evidence that HIV-infected persons are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Autopsy studies have noted premature atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults, and epidemiological studies demonstrate higher rates of CVD among HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected patients. These findings are in part due to chronic inflammation and immune activation associated with HIV infection. Traditional CVD risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking, also play keys roles. There is additional evidence from observational cohort studies that some antiretroviral drugs, including protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Treatment interventions to reduce the risk of CVD include diet, exercise, smoking cessation, lipid-lowering agents, and antihypertensive medications. For select patients, changing antiretroviral therapy to improve lipid profiles may be appropriate but should not compromise virologic or immunologic control.
17
Sekhar, Rajagopal V. HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatrophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0046.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with HIV have been seen to manifest unusual changes in body habitus that constitute variable combinations of peripheral fat loss ( lipoatrophy), central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy), and the condition known as HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HAL). Although the origins of HAL are unclear, several factors have been linked to it. Because better antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug regimens have led to increased longevity, it is possible that the natural evolution of metabolic complications of HIV is the lipodystrophic phenotype. The specific effects of antiretroviral medications have also been implicated, and the initial usage of ART in the 1990s was accompanied by multiple reports of abnormalities in body fat distribution variously termed the “protease paunch,” “crixivan belly,” among others. Other factors include immune phenomenon and effects mediated directly by the HIV virus. Despite intensive research to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of HIV lipodystrophy and lipoatrophy, the answers remain elusive.
18
Gendelman, Howard E., Igor Grant, Ian Paul Everall, Howard S. Fox, Harris A. Gelbard, Stuart A. Lipton, and Susan Swindells, eds. The Neurology of AIDS. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195399349.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This resource discusses how neurological complications of progressive HIV-1 infection remain a common cause of morbidity even during widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It addresses how long-term resistance to ART, drug compliance, untoward drug side effects, a myriad of opportunistic infection, depression and other psychiatric disease manifestations, concomitant drug abuse, neuropathies, and an inability to clear viral reservoirs, explain, in large measure, disease progression and immune deterioration. It then covers the association with a number of psychiatric, muscle, nerve, infectious, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances seen in infected people, with a focus on the neurological complications, molecular and viral disease processes, cellular factors influencing viral replication therapeutic challenges, and the changing epidemiological patterns of disease.
19
Cocohoba, Jennifer. The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
Medications for HIV have become more convenient but not less complex. For this reason, having a clinical pharmacist as a part of the health care team can greatly enhance the care of HIV-positive patients. HIV pharmacists are a diverse group of providers who work to improve the health of HIV-positive individuals via medication therapy management, quality assurance practices, research, and other avenues. HIV pharmacists may be particularly skilled at managing complex antiretroviral drug–drug interactions, recommending therapies for resistant HIV virus, and providing education and support with regard to adherence. If practicing with a physician under a collaborative drug therapy management agreement, an HIV pharmacist may be able to provide more direct management (e.g., prescribing and ordering lab tests) for HIV and its associated conditions.
20
Nambiar, Puja, and William R. Short. Mechanisms of HIV Transmission. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
HIV is a sexually transmitted infection. Most new HIV infections in the United States are the result of sex, but it is rare for HIV to be transmitted through oral sex. The risk of HIV transmission to a receptive partner remains higher than that to an insertive one; however, both are at risk. Anything that compromises the integrity of mucous membranes, such as sexually transmitted infections, may increase the risk of transmission. Although not 100% effective, keeping an infected partner’s viral load low reduces the risk of transmission to an HIV-negative partner. Maternal transmission is a larger concern in developing countries due to lack of access to perinatal treatment with antiretroviral drugs.
21
Azbel, Lyuba, and Frederick L. Altice. Drug Use, HIV, and the High-Risk Environment of Prisons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Prisons often concentrate people with or at risk for HIV within them and, due to the high-risk environment within prison, further amplify disease. Suboptimal access to evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment within prisons, including opioid agonist therapies with methadone or buprenorphine, antiretroviral therapy, and needle/syringe programs, results in worsening of disease during incarceration. Effective transitional programs that address continuity of prevention and treatment of HIV and substance use disorders, along with other co-morbid conditions, are crucial to reduce the harms from incarceration. Such programs not only must provide access to these services within prison but also must ensure that the services are continued after release. This chapter reviews how prisons contribute to negative health consequences related to HIV and addiction, provides examples of settings where policies and services greatly influence the high-risk prison setting, and offers a number of strategies to improve HIV detection, treatment, and prevention.
22
Barnett, Ben J., Lisa Armitige, and Karen J. Vigil. Opportunistic Infections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0032.
Full textAbstract:
The question of when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of an acute or ongoing opportunistic infection (OI) has been controversial. The immediate initiation of ART in the presence of an OI may provide better clinical outcomes as the immune system improves. However, rapidly decreasing HIV viral load has been associated with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which may lead to further complications in the setting of an OI. There are also questions of increasing pill burden, potential drug–drug interactions, additive toxicity and adverse events, and the more practical problem of continuity of care if ART is started in a hospital setting for a newly diagnosed patient with HIV without established outpatient care already in place. This problem could be particularly troublesome for patients who do not have health insurance or otherwise do not have affordable access to ART in the outpatient setting.
23
Ramers, Christian B. Research Design and Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0051.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate interpretation of research literature is important as advances are made in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV and its complications. Because of inherent differences in approach, the on-treatment analysis will frequently report better outcomes than will the intent-to-treat analysis. The concept of time-to-loss of virologic response has been replaced by SNAPSHOT analysis as the preferred method of efficacy analysis by the US Food and Drug Administration. New antiretroviral therapy regimens are usually compared to existing standard-of-care regimens using a type of statistical comparison called a non-inferiority analysis. A common error in reporting clinical trial results is not correctly distinguishing between clinical and statistical significance.
24
Hull, Mark, and Steven C. Reynolds. HIV in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0291.
Full textAbstract:
It has been over 30 years since the recognition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), linked to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Opportunistic infections arise in the setting of decreases in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Advances in the safety, and effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have led to substantial improvements in life-expectancy for individuals accessing successful therapy. As such individuals are likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for conditions un-related to HIV, although presentations due to opportunistic infections and malignancies must be considered in those with previously undiagnosed infection or in those patients non-adherent to cART.. Individuals receiving cART must undergo careful evaluation for potential drug–drug interactions with other medications. Treatment interruption of cART is not generally advised due to risk of rebound viraemia and potential development of resistance.. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome may be considered in those with recent cART initiation.
25
Cournos, Francine, Karen McKinnon, and Milton Wainberg. Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders Associated with HIV and AIDS. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter presents the prevalence of common and severe mental illnesses among people with HIV infection, as well as the prevalence of HIV infection among people with severe mental illness. It begins with a look at population-based studies, which are limited in number, then discusses specific disorders studied in smaller studies with selected populations. While the chapter is largely focused on epidemiology in the United States, selected studies from other regions are cited. Taken together, studies show that people with HIV infection have high rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, although these disorders tend to be milder than they were before effective antiretroviral therapy. The rates of current alcohol- and drug-related disorders mirror those for the general population, but lifetime rates among people with HIV infection are higher, as are rates of depression, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis and personality disorder. Rates of HIV infection among people with severe mental illness in the U.S. are clearly elevated in comparison to those for the general population. Despite scientific advances, the absence of a strong focus on mental disorders remains a glaring omission in progress on HIV prevention, care, and treatment.
26
Plan de acción mundial sobre la farmacorresistencia del VIH 2017-2021. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275320501.
Full textAbstract:
En el informe de la OMS sobre la farmacorresistencia del VIH del 2017 se pone de manifiesto el aumento constante de la prevalencia de la FRVIH desde el 2001 en las personas que inician un tratamiento antirretroviral de primera línea, sobre todo en África oriental y meridional. La prevalencia de la FRVIH en las personas que iniciaron un tratamiento antiretroviral de primera línea (farmacorresistencia previa al tratamiento o FRP) fue del 6,8% en el 2010, y los cálculos basados en encuestas recientes representativas a nivel nacional indicant niveles de FRP situados por encima del 10% para los fármacos ARV de primera línea recomendados por la OMS que son ampliamente utilizados en muchos países […] Este plan de acción mundial se elaboró con la participación plena de los asociados clave (por ejemplo, los CDC, el Fondo Mundial y el PEPFAR). Proporciona a los países y a los asociados nacionales e internacionales un marco de referencia que, cuando se aplique de manera conjunta entre el 2017 y el 2021, contribuirá al logro de las metas mundiales 90-90-90 de acción acelerada para el 2020 (un 90% de todas las personas con infección por el VIH conocerán su estado con respecto a dicha infección, un 90% de todas las personas con diagnóstico de infección por el VIH recibirán TAR, y un 90% de todas las personas que tengan acceso al TAR alcanzarán la supresión de la carga viral), así como a poner fin a la epidemia del sida como amenaza de salud pública para el 2030. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017-2021 © World Health Organization 2017 ISBN: 978-92-4-151284-8
27
Cohen, Mary Ann, Harold Goforth, Joseph Lux, Sharon Batista, Sami Khalife, Kelly Cozza, and Jocelyn Soffer. Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry is a practical guide for AIDS psychiatrists and other mental health professionals as well as for other clinicians who work with persons with HIV and AIDS and a companion book to the Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry (Cohen and Gorman, 2008). The Handbook provides insights into the dynamics of adherence to risk reduction and medical care in persons with HIV and AIDS as well as strategies to improve adherence using a biopsychosocial approach. Psychiatric disorders can accelerate the spread of the virus by creating barriers to risk reduction. Risky sexual behaviors and sharing of needles in intravenous drug users account for the majority of new cases each year. Delirium, dementia, depression, substance dependence, PTSD, and other psychiatric disorders complicate the course and add considerably to the pain and suffering of persons with AIDS. HIV infection and AIDS also are risk factors for suicide, and the rate of suicide has been shown to be higher in persons with AIDS. Psychiatric care can help prevent HIV transmission through recognition and treatment of substance-related disorders, dementia, and mood disorders such as mania. Comprehensive, coordinated care by a multidisciplinary AIDS team, including AIDS psychiatrists, can provide a biopsychosocial approach that is supportive to patients, families, and clinicians. Psychiatric interventions are valuable in every phase of infection, from identification of risk behaviors to anticipation about HIV testing; from exposure and initial infection to confirmation with a positive HIV antibody test; from entry into systems of care to managing complex antiretroviral regimen; from healthy seropositive to onset of first AIDS-related illness; from late stage AIDS to end-stage AIDS and death. There is no comprehensive handbook of AIDS psychiatry to guide clinicians in providing much needed care. The Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry is a practical pocket guide that provides protocols for the recognition and treatment of the psychiatric disorders most prevalent in persons with AIDS and most relevant for primary physicians, infectious disease specialists, and other caregivers because of their impact on health, adherence, behavior, and quality of life.