Academic literature on the topic 'Antisense gene'

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Journal articles on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Meng, J., C. Li, M. Zhao, et al. "Lignin biosynthesis regulated by the antisense 4CL gene in alfalfa." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 1 (2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2017-cjgpb.

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The Antisense 4CL gene was transfected into alfalfa through Agrobacterium-mediated transfer. The test results indicated that the antisense 4CL gene was successfully integrated into the genome DNA of alfalfa and was stably transmitted to the offspring. Compared to the wild-type plants, the lignin content of T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> generation plants was reduced by 45.77% and 31.97%, respectively; there were no significant differences in height and weight of T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> plants, compared to the wild-type plants. However, t
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Tomasi, Vittorio. "Gene therapy or antisense." Nature Biotechnology 16, no. 6 (1998): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0698-496c.

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Yang, Jing, Cun Xian Song, Hong Fan Sun, et al. "A New Type Gene Delivery System – Gene Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (June 2005): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.143.

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A reporter gene pEGFP and a therapeutic antisense monocyte hemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) gene were encapsulated into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) using an emulsification / solvent evaporation technique. The gene-NPs were around 300 nm in diameter with very narrow size distribution. The encapsulation efficiency of DNA was significantly improved when poly (lysine) was used in cooperation with DNA. The NPs demonstrated a steady in vitro release of DNA with more that 95% of total enclosed DNA released within 14 days. In cell culture, pEGFP -loaded NPs were able to expre
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Tang, Yu, and Richard H. Gomer. "An improved shotgun antisense method for mutagenesis and gene identification." BioTechniques 68, no. 3 (2020): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0123.

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Shotgun expression of antisense cDNA, where each transformed cell expresses a different antisense cDNA, has been used for mutagenesis and gene identification in Dictyostelium discoideum. However, the method has two limitations. First, there were too few clones in the shotgun antisense cDNA library to have an antisense cDNA for every gene in the genome. Second, the unequal transcription level of genes resulted in many antisense cDNAs in the library for some genes but relatively few antisense cDNAs for other genes. Here we report an improved method for generating a larger antisense cDNA library
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&NA;. "Antisense oligonucleotides overcome gene defect." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 912 (1993): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199309120-00026.

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Pelechano, Vicent, and Lars M. Steinmetz. "Gene regulation by antisense transcription." Nature Reviews Genetics 14, no. 12 (2013): 880–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg3594.

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Wagner, Richard W. "Gene inhibition using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides." Nature 372, no. 6504 (1994): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372333a0.

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Gomer, Richard H. "Gene Identification by Shotgun Antisense." Methods 18, no. 3 (1999): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.1999.0789.

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Novačić, Ana, Dario Menéndez, Jurica Ljubas, et al. "Antisense non-coding transcription represses the PHO5 model gene at the level of promoter chromatin structure." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 10 (2022): e1010432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010432.

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Pervasive transcription of eukaryotic genomes generates non-coding transcripts with regulatory potential. We examined the effects of non-coding antisense transcription on the regulation of expression of the yeast PHO5 gene, a paradigmatic case for gene regulation through promoter chromatin remodeling. A negative role for antisense transcription at the PHO5 gene locus was demonstrated by leveraging the level of overlapping antisense transcription through specific mutant backgrounds, expression from a strong promoter in cis, and use of the CRISPRi system. Furthermore, we showed that enhanced elo
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Kunova, Andrea, Elena Zubko, and Peter Meyer. "A Pair of Partially Overlapping Arabidopsis Genes with Antagonistic Circadian Expression." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2012 (April 3, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/349527.

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A large number of plant genes are aligned with partially overlapping genes in antisense orientation. Transcription of both genes would therefore favour the formation of double-stranded RNA, providing a substrate for the RNAi machinery, and enhanced antisense transcription should therefore reduce sense transcript levels. We have identified a gene pair that resembles a model for antisense-based gene regulation as a T-DNA insertion into the antisense gene causes a reduction in antisense transcript levels and an increase in sense transcript levels. The same effect was, however, also observed when
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Aparicio, i. Prat Estel. "Natural antisense transcripts control LEF1 gene expression." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299211.

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Non-coding RNA functions are emerging in the recent years. In this thesis we describe a Natural Antisense Transcript (NAT) that controls the expression of LEF1 transcriptional factor. This LEF1 NAT is transcribed from a promoter present in the first LEF1 intron and undergoes splicing in mesenchymal cells. In epithelial cells, there is no expression of LEF1 NAT. However, in metastable epithelial cells, LEF1 NAT is transcribed and a significant part of it remains unspliced and, contrarily to the spliced NAT, down-regulates the main LEF1 promoter and LEF1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreo
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Aparicio, i. Prat Estel 1986. "Natural antisense transcripts control LEF1 gene expression." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299211.

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Non-coding RNA functions are emerging in the recent years. In this thesis we describe a Natural Antisense Transcript (NAT) that controls the expression of LEF1 transcriptional factor. This LEF1 NAT is transcribed from a promoter present in the first LEF1 intron and undergoes splicing in mesenchymal cells. In epithelial cells, there is no expression of LEF1 NAT. However, in metastable epithelial cells, LEF1 NAT is transcribed and a significant part of it remains unspliced and, contrarily to the spliced NAT, down-regulates the main LEF1 promoter and LEF1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, un
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Mitrpant, Chalermchai. "Pre-mRNA splicing manipulation via Antisense Oligomers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/421.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal neuromuscular disease in childhood, arises from protein-truncating mutations in the dystrophin gene. A deficiency in dystrophin leads to loss of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC), which in turn, renders muscle fibres vulnerable to injury, and eventually leads to muscle loss, necrosis and fibrosis. Although, the dystrophin gene was identified nearly two decades ago, and extensive research has been directed at finding a therapy for DMD, to date, there is still no effective treatment available. One promising molecular approa
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Raponi, Mitch Biochemistry &amp Molecular Genetics UNSW. "Antisense RNA-mediated gene silencing in fission yeast." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18277.

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The major aims of this thesis were to investigate the influence of i) antisense gene location relative to the target gene locus (?????location effect?????), ii) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation, and iii) over-expression of host-encoded proteins on antisense RNA-mediated gene regulation. To test the location effect hypothesis, strains were generated which contained the target lacZ gene at a fixed location and the antisense lacZ gene at various genomic locations including all arms of the three fission yeast chomosomes and in close proximity to the target gene locus. A long inverse-PCR proto
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Whitfield, Peter Cyril. "Gene expression after global and focal cerebral ischaemia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242632.

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Dryselius, Rikard. "Bacterial gene expression inhibition with antisense peptide nucleic acids /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-338-8/.

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Watson, Colin Francis. "Altered gene expression in tomato plants transformed with polygalacturonase antisense and sense genes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306588.

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Engdahl, Hilde Merete. "Natural and artificial antisense RNA : a study of inhibition of gene expression /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5784-X.pdf.

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Deb, Maharshi Krishna. "Generation of antisense RNAs at convergent gene loci in cells undergoing senescence." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30274.

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La sénescence, qui est un mécanisme antitumoral majeur, est définie comme un état d'arrêt irréversible de la prolifération cellulaire en réponse à un stress comme l'activation illégitime d'oncogènes. Les cellules qui entrent en sénescence subissent de profonds changements de leur épigénome. Les ARNs antisens sont suspectés de joue des rôles importants dans le contrôle du destin cellulaire et dans des processus cellulaires variés. Dans la levure, le variant d'histone H2A.Z co-opère avec les machineries du RNAi et de l'hétérochromatine pour réprimer sur les loci de gènes convergents l'apparition
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Sivulich, Mary. "A role for antisense transcripts in regulation of viral gene expression." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32072.

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Books on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Gibson, Ian. Antisense and Ribozyme Methodology: Laboratory Companion. Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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C, Taylor Jessica, and Williams Amelia J, eds. Research progress in antisense elements (genetics). Nova Science, 2008.

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H, Murray James A., ed. Antisense RNA and DNA. Wiley-Liss, 1992.

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McCarthy, Margaret M., ed. Modulating Gene Expression by Antisense Oligonucleotides to Understand Neural Functioning. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4933-8.

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E, Rabbani LeRoy, ed. Applications of antisense therapies to restenosis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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cDNA libraries: Methods and applications. Humana Press, 2011.

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Morgan, Richard George Leonard. The development of antisense techniques for the control of gene expression in the early development of Xenopus laevis. University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Eric, Wickstrom, ed. Prospects for antisense nucleic acid therapy of cancer and AIDS. Wiley-Liss, 1991.

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Zhao, Zhiyong. The effects of retinoic acid, growth factors, neutralising antibodies and antisense oligonucleotide on murine embryonic tooth development and Msx gene expression. University of Manchester, 1993.

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M, Gewirtz A., ed. Nucleic acid therapeutics in cancer. Humana Press, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Nordström, Kurt, Stanley N. Cohen, and Robert W. Simons. "Antisense RNA." In Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60929-9_20.

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Zeiler, Brian N., and Robert W. Simons. "Control by Antisense RNA." In Regulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8601-8_5.

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Simons, Michael. "Endogenous Expression Modification: Antisense Approaches." In Gene Transfer in the Cardiovascular System. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6277-1_6.

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Aartsma-Rus, Annemieke, and Gert-Jan B. van Ommen. "Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." In Muscle Gene Therapy. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1207-7_5.

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Wong, Dominic W. S. "Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA." In The ABCs of Gene Cloning. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77982-9_13.

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Devi, Gayathri R. "Delivery of Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Antisense Oligomers in Cancer Cells." In Gene Therapy of Cancer. Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_19.

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Colman, A., C. Baker, and J. Shuttleworth. "The Antisense Approach and Early Xenopus Development." In Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75139-4_11.

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Bremer, Jeroen, and Peter C. van den Akker. "In Vivo Models for the Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Skin." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_21.

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AbstractHere, we describe an in vivo model in which antisense oligonucleotides were preclinically evaluated in reconstituted patient and healthy control skin. The aim was to investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotides upon local or systemic administration. This allows for clinically relevant evaluation of antisense oligonucleotides in an in vivo setting. In this model, primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were placed into silicone grafting chambers, implanted onto the back of athymic nude mice. After sufficient cells were expanded, within a few weeks, human skin grafts were generated with a high success rate. These mice bearing grafts were subsequently treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting exon 105 of the COL7A1 gene which encodes type VII collagen. Patients completely lacking expression of type VII collagen develop severe blistering of skin and mucosa, i.e., recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In this chapter, we describe the in vivo model used for the preclinical evaluation of antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic approach for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
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Lu, Qi Long, and Bo Wu. "Systemic Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Antisense Oligomer-Induced Exon Skipping." In Muscle Gene Therapy. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1207-7_6.

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Ardelt, Peter, Ingo Kausch, and Andreas Böhle. "Gene and Antisense Therapy of Bladder Cancer." In Bladder Disease, Part A. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Bannwarth, Willi. "Antisense technology for the specific modulation of gene expression." In Future Aspect in Peptide Chemistry - Ringberg Conference. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css199901232.

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Brown, Paige K., Ammar T. Qureshi, Daniel J. Hayes, and W. Todd Monroe. "Targeted Gene Silencing With Light and a Silver Nanoparticle Antisense Delivery System." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53647.

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Targeted delivery and controlled release of oligonucleotide therapeutics in vivo are essential aspects of an ideal delivery vehicle. Here we demonstrate the synthesis and in vitro/intracellular characterization of silver nanoparticle (SNP) photolabile nucleic acid conjugates, with the aim of developing a nanoparticulate platform for inducible gene silencing. Due to unique size related properties, nanostructures are being increasingly utilized for intracellular diagnostics and delivery applications. While most nanoscale delivery platforms are polymeric in composition, studies of metallic nanopa
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Bernaedi, F., V. Bertagnolo, S. Bartolai, L. Rossi, F. Panicucci, and F. Conconi. "A POINT MUTATION AND A GENE DELETION OF FVIII GENE IN SEVERE HAEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644047.

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The presence of Factor VIII (FVIII) gene lesions has been investigated in 100 haemophilia A patients using cDNA probes for the 3'part of FVIII gene (exons 14-26 ).In two related severe patients without inhibitor a deletion removesthe exon 26; the gene lesion has been confirmed with several restriction enzymes and has been shown by densitometry of the autoradiographic pattern in a woman of the same family. The complete deletionof the exon 26 has been described by Gitschier et al. in a patient with inhibitor. Thus the comparison of the end points of the two deletions could help to define the mec
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Rubenstein, Marvin, Courtney MP Hollowell, and Patrick Guinan. "Abstract 270: Compensatory and non-compensatory alterations in LNCaP gene expression following antisense therapy directed against bcl-2." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-270.

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Baguma-Nibasheka, Mark, and Paul R. Murphy. "Abstract 1052: RNAi-mediated mutual regulation of FGF-2 and its antisense gene, NUDT6, in C6 glioma cells." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1052.

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Zhao, Shuang, and Xufeng Hao. "High Level Resistance to TuMV (Turnip Mosaic Virus) in Transgenic Mustard with the Antisense NIb Gene of the Virus." In 2010 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2010.267.

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Jansen, Berdien A., Stella Logotheti, Dirk Heckl, et al. "Abstract 1895: A conserved E2F1-activated gene regulatory network encompassing monocarboxylic acid transporter-1, its co-operating antisense lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 and their common downstream targets mediates bladder cancer invasiveness." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1895.

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Távora, Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch, Eduardo Andrade Franco Severo, and Ivonaldo Reis Santos. "APLICAÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA DE SILENCIAMENTO GÊNICO BASEADA EM DNA ANTISENSO VISANDO O AUMENTO DA RESISTÊNCIA EM TOMATEIRO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) À MANCHA BACTERIANA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2322.

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Introdução: o tomateiro representa uma das principais hortaliças cultivadas no mundo. Além de sua relevância socioeconômica, seu cultivo é também importante do ponto de vista da segurança alimentar, fornecendo nutrientes essenciais como a vitamina C, pró-vitamina A (i.e., beta-caroteno) e antioxidantes (e.g., licopeno). Dentre as diversas doenças que acometem a cultivo do tomate, a mancha bacteriana do tomateiro (MBT), causada por bactérias do gênero Xanthomonas (com grande destaque para a espécie X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans - Xep), consiste em um fator limitante para a expansão dessa cultu
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Tsourkas, Andrew, Jason Xu, and Gang Bao. "Hybridization Dynamics and Kinetics of Fret-Enhanced Molecular Beacons." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23163.

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Abstract Many human diseases start with a defect in the genome. Cancer, for example, is a genetic disease that arises from a single cell that behaves abnormally, dividing uncontrollably and leading, eventually, to the development of a tumor. A critical step in diagnosing and treating cancer is to detect cancer cells that result from the mutated genes. In spite of the extensive biomedical research efforts during the last few decades, it is still difficult to detect cancer at its early stages — when a cancer is diagnosed it is often too late to cure. A novel way of achieving early detection of c
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Reports on the topic "Antisense gene"

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Wickstrom, Eric. Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibition of HIV Gene Expression. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239086.

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Hamad-Schifferli, Kimberly. Control of DNA Dehybridization via Nanoparticle Antennas for Antisense Gene Therapy. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468814.

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Belldegrun, Arie S. Prostate-Specific Gene Therapy Using a Gutless" Adeno-Vector Expressing Antisense TGF-Beta and PSA Promoter-Controlled TNF-Alpha Gene". Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406173.

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Belldegrun, Arie. Prostate Specific Gene Therapy Using a 'Gutless' Adene-Vector Expressing Antisense TGF-Beta and PSA Promotor-Control. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391010.

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Steffens, John, Eithan Harel, and Alfred Mayer. Coding, Expression, Targeting, Import and Processing of Distinct Polyphenoloxidases in Tissues of Higher Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7613008.bard.

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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones at the expense of O2. PPOs are ubiquitous in higer plants, and their role in oxidative browning of plant tissues causes large annual losses to food production. Despite the importance of PPOs to agriculture, the function(s) of PPOs in higher plants are not understood. Among other roles, PPOs have been proposed to participate in aspects of chloroplast metabolism, based on their occurrence in plastids and high Km for O2. Due to the ability of PPO to catalyze formation of highly reactive quinones, PPOs have also been proposed
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Cohen, Jerry D., and Ephraim Epstein. Metabolism of Auxins during Fruit Development and Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573064.bard.

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We had proposed to look at several aspects of auxin metabolism in fruit tissues: 1) IAA biosynthesis from tryptophan and IAA biosynthesis via the non-tryptophan pathway; 2) changes in the capacity to form conjugates and catabolites of auxin at different times during fruit development and; 3) the effects of modifying auxin metabolism in fruit tissues. The latter work focused primarily on the maize iaglu gene, with initial studies also using a bacterial gene for hydrolysis of IAA-aspartate. These metabolic and molecular studies were necessary to define potential benefits of auxin metabolism modi
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Bennett, Alan, and Arthur Schaffer. Sucrose Metabolism in Developing Fruit of Wild and Cultivated Lycopersicon Species. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613009.bard.

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The project focused on a strategy to enhance tomato fruit soluble solids by evaluating components of carbohydrate metabolism in fruit of wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose rather than hexose and have extremely high soluble sugar contents. The overall goal was to determine the extent to which sucrose accumulation contributes to elevated soluble solids levels and to understand the underlying genetic and biochemical basis of the trait. The research objectives were to evaluate near isogenic L. esculentum lines segregating for sucrose- and hexose-accumulation, determine the biochemical bas
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur Schaffer, and David Granot. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Fructose Accumulation: A Strategy to Improve Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7571353.bard.

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The goal of the research project was to evaluate the potential to genetically modify or engineer carbohydrate metabolism in tomato fruit to enhance levels of fructose, a sugar with nearly twice the sweetness value of other sugars. The specific research objectives to achieve that goal were to: 1. Establish the inheritance of a fructose-accumulating trait identified in F1 hybrids of an inferspecific cross between L. hirsutum XL. esculentum and identify linked molecular markers to facilitate its introgression into tomato cultivars. This objective was completed with the genetic data indicating a s
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Mawassi, Munir, Adib Rowhani, Deborah A. Golino, Avichai Perl, and Edna Tanne. Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine, Etiology and Virus Resistance in Transgenic Vines. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586477.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, which occurs in all growing areas. The disease is spread in the field by vector transmission (mealybugs). At least five elongated-phloem- limited viruses are implicated in the various rugose wood disorders. The most fully characterized of these are Grapevine virus A (GV A) and GVB, members of a newly established genus, the vitivirus. GVC, a putative vitivirus, is much less well characterized than GV A or GVB. The information regarding the role of GVC in the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood is fragmentary and no sequence data for GVC are a
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Eyal, Yoram, Gloria Moore, and Efraim Lewinsohn. Study and Manipulation of the Flavanoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Citrus for Flavor Engineering and Seedless Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7570547.bard.

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The proposal was aimed to identify and functionally characterize key genes/enzymes in the citrus flavanone neohesperidoside biosynthetic pathway and to use them as tools for metabolic engineering to decrease bitterness levels in grapefruit. The proposed section on fruit seediness was dropped as suggested by the reviewers of the proposal. Citrus flavor and aroma is composed of complex combinations of soluble and volatile compounds. The former includes mainly sugars, acids and flavanones, a subgroup of flavonoids that includes bitter compounds responsible for the bitter flavor of grapefruit and
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