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1
Jacobs, Philencia Daniela. "A systematic review of the influence of parenting on the development of antisocial behaviour." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020144.
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The role that parenting plays in the development of antisocial behaviour has been, and is still widely researched. International studies on this topic are vast. In South Africa, however, very little has been researched within this area. This study aimed to systematically review literature on the role of parenting in the development of antisocial behaviour. International literature published between 2000 and 2013 was reviewed in order to gain a better idea of the current state of knowledge on this topic. All of the articles included in the review examined some aspect of parenting behaviour, parenting practices and/or parenting styles related to the development of antisocial behaviour, conduct disorder, and/or oppositional defiant disorder. The articles were systematically assessed, and eight themes emerged which include: effective parenting behaviours; the moderating effects of callous unemotional traits on parenting; parental warmth; parental discipline; parental knowledge and monitoring; parental psychopathology; parenting styles; and parenting during infancy.
2
Kotler, Julie S. "Early correlates of psychopathy and relations between psychopathy, youth adjustment, and growth trajectories for externalizing behavior in samples of normative and high-risk youth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8996.
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Ward, Sarah. "Parenting, conduct problems and the development of conscience in young children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365744.
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Axberg, Ulf. "Assessing and treating three to twelve-year-olds displaying disruptive behaviour problems /." [Skövde : Ulf Axberg], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4697.
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Enebrink, Pia. "Antisocial behaviour in clinically referred boys : early identification and assessment procedures in child psychiatry /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-268-3/.
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Tuvblad, Catherine. "Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior from childhood to emerging adulthood /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-944-0/.
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Larsson, Henrik. "Genetic and environmental factors in the development of externalizing symptoms from childhood to adolescence /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-524-0/.
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Lau, Katherine S. L. "Big Five Personality Traits, Pathological Personality Traits, and Psychological Dysregulation: Predicting Aggression and Antisocial Behaviors in Detained Adolescents." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1747.
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This study tested the utility of three different models of personality, namely the social and personality model, the pathological personality traits model, and the psychological dysregulation model, in predicting overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency in a sample of detained boys (ages 12 to 18; M age = 15.31; SD = 1.16). Results indicated that the three personality approaches demonstrated different unique associations with aggression and delinquency. The psychological dysregulation approach, composed of behavioral dysregulation, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive dysregulation, emerged as the overall best predictor of overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. After controlling for the Big Five personality traits, psychological dysregulation accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and delinquency, but not relational aggression. After controlling for callous-unemotional traits and narcissistic traits, psychological dysregulation also accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. Psychological dysregulation did not account for significant variance in aggression or delinquency after controlling for borderline traits. The pathological personality traits approach, comprised of callous-unemotional traits, narcissistic traits, and borderline traits performed second best. In particular, within this approach borderline traits accounted for the most unique variance, followed by narcissistic traits, then callous-unemotional traits. Borderline traits accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency when controlling for the Big Five traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. Narcissistic traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and relational aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. CU traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. The social and personality model, represented by the Big Five personality traits accounted for the least amount of variance in the prediction of aggression and delinquency, on its own, and when pitted against the other two personality approaches. The exception was that the Big Five personality traits accounted for significant variance in relational aggression beyond narcissistic traits, as well as psychological dysregulation. These findings have implications for assessment and intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.
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Cravens-Brown, Lisa Marie. "Eysenck and antisocial behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1038457465.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 75 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Michael Vasey, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-75).
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Hart, Stephen David. "Diagnosis of psychopathy in a forensic psychiatric population." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26835.
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Both researchers and clinicians, especially those working in criminal populations, have long suggested that psychopathy (or antisocial personality disorder) and schizophrenia are associated on an etiological or on some other level (e.g., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976, 1978). Others (Hare, 1984; Hare and Harpur, 1986; Raine, 1985) argue that psychopathy is not associated (or even negatively associated) with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. To evaluate these competing positions concerning the psychopathy-schizophrenia association, 80 male prisoners remanded to a forensic psychiatric institute for assessment of their fitness to stand trial were diagnosed using both the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, 1980, 1985a) and DSM-III Axis I and II criteria. In addition, clinical global ratings and self-report inventories were used to measure the strength of psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related traits. The results indicated that: a) although diagnoses of psychopathy (according to PCL criteria) did not have perfect specificity with respect to schizophrenia-related clinical diagnoses, the overlap was small, and the PCL scales were either not associated or negatively associated with these disorders; b) diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (APD, according to DSM-III criteria) were generally not associated with schizophrenia-related disorders, but had lower clinical specificity than did the PCL criteria with respect to both schizophrenia-related and other psychiatric disorders; c) there was no association between psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related clinical ratings; d) psychopathy and APD diagnoses and clinical ratings were not related to scores on other standard rating scales of the severity of psychiatric symptomatology; and e) there was no difference between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects in the strength of psychopathy-related traits, and no difference between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths (or APD versus non-APD subjects) in the strength of schizophrenia-related traits. As well, self-report measures related to psychopathy and schizophrenia did not correlate with each other, or with clinical ratings of the two disorders. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that psychopathy is not positively associated with schizophrenia or with psychiatric disorder in general. The practical utility of various techniques for assessing psychopathy in forensic psychiatric populations is also discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
11
Everett, David C. Blashfield Roger K. "Antisocial personality disorder vs. psychopathy an analysis of the literature /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/EVERETT_DAVID_59.pdf.
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Henley, Aimee Gillison. "Psychopathy and career interest in a noncriminal population." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035949.
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Schwedler, Sheila Marie. "Criminal thinking patterns in narcissistic and antisocial probationers /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000540/02/1987FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Raymond Chip Tafrate. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 24-26). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Murphy, Jennifer Mary. "The role of the amygdalar circuit in adolescent antisocial behavior /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Harpur, Timothy John. "Visual attention in psychopathic criminals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31019.
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This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that criminal psychopaths differ from criminal nonpsychopaths in their ability to over-focus attention on certain kinds of stimuli. For the purposes of this study, the concept of over-focussing was operationalized to mean the ability to process stimuli more quickly or efficiently by making use of one or more attentional mechanisms for selecting among locations or stimuli. A second aim of the study was to identify the component processes contributing to this more efficient selection.
Five experiments were run to assess several different components of attention contributing to selection of stimuli in a variety of paradigms. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed covert orienting of attention across the visual field using both peripherally presented physical cues and centrally presented symbolic cues to prime locations in visual space. Three dissociable components of attention were assessed in this paradigm. Experiments 3-5 were designed to assess the efficiency of processing a target item in the presence of a distractor item. Four additional dissociable components of selective attention were measured in these three studies.
The results supported the hypothesis that psychopaths can over-focus attention, but the groups were differentiated by only one of the component processes measured. In Experiments 1 and 2 endogenous orienting of attention was greater for
psychopaths than for nonpsychopaths. In these paradigms endogenous facilitation controlled the allocation of attention to cued locations, and the subsequent speeding of reaction time to targets presented at those locations, when the cue was symbolic or predictive, but not when it involved a physical change of energy at the cued location. This strategic allocation of attention probably resulted from the predictive validity (approximately 68% valid) of the cue in relation to the target. Other component processes failed to differentiate the groups. These included measures of exogenous orienting and inhibition of return in experiments 1 and 2, and measures of interference due to a distracting stimulus, habituation of interference, attenuation of interference due to spatial displacement of the distractor, and negative priming in experiments 3-5.
The difference in covert orienting was replicated in experiments 1 and 2 in two groups of criminals who also failed to demonstrate any abnormalities in a variety of other processes involved in attention. It was concluded that psychopaths differ from nonpsychopaths specifically in their strategic allocation of attention in situations of moderate uncertainty, but show no other abnormalities in the component processes that control attention.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Foreman, Michael Ernest. "Interpersonal assessment of psychopathy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42514.
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This study was concerned with the relations between
representations of psychopathy and interpersonal
perceptions. From 147 inmates seen in a federal medium security
prison, 79 of the men provided complete data for
comparisons. Groups were defined under criteria from (1)
the Psychopathy Checklist (PC) (Hare, 1985b), or (2)
American Psychiatric Association (1980, 1987) outlines
for Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). Measures were
derived from the Interpersonal Adjective Scales-Revised
(IAS-R) (Wiggins, Trapnell, and Phillips, 1988 ) which
relate interpersonally defined perceptions of personality
as locations within a circumplex space--Interpersonal
Circle (Wiggins, 1979, 1980). Self-ratings were obtained
as descriptive of (1) self, (2) ideal self, (3) self as
thought seen by a friends, and (4) self as thought seen
by a specific member of the institutional staff. A rating
was also obtained from the specific staff members as
descriptive of the particular inmates.
Comparisons were also made with respect to the
specificity and sensitivity of MMPI profiles considered
relevant to psychopathy. Supplementary comparisons
used selected scales from the Adjective Checklist (ACL)
(Gough and Heilbrun, 1980) and Rosenberg's (1965) Self- esteem Scale. These comparisons provided manipulation
checks of the consistency of the data and contributed to
the interpretive generalizability of the results.
The primary hypotheses were that a group of
individuals defined as psychopathic would show differences
in representations obtained from self-rated and other-rated
descriptions, with respect to circumplex location
and derived difference scores from the IAS-R, in
comparison to groups considered non-psychopathic.
Results indicated differential perceptions,
particularly by staff members, which provided good
discriminations of groups based on the PC but not for
groups defined by APD. Circumplex locations of
psychopaths defined by the PC were consistent with
expectations for the Interpersonal Circle. The
discriminative utility of group differences was much
higher for the PC-defined groups than for APD relative
to the base rates for these different categorizations.
The results are discussed in terms of (1) their
contribution to the nomological network for the concept
of psychopathy as represented by the PC, (2) specific
limitations of the study, and (3) the evident confusion
which can result from the use of measures assumed to
to relate to the 'psychopath,' but that rely on primarily
behavioural descriptions.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
17
Hobbs, Frances M. (Frances Margaret) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Antisocial personality and substance use disorders; effect on criminal career and recidivism." Ottawa, 1991.
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18
Stepp, Stephanie. "Predictive validity of the five-factor model profiles for antisocial and borderline personality disorders." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4743.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 14. 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
19
Duncan, Julianne Christine. "A Prototypical Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder: Important Considerations for the DSM-IV." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500744/.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) represents a controversial diagnoses which has gone through many revisions over the past 25 years and is scheduled to be revised again for the DSM IV. A comprehensive survey was composed of APD criteria from the DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, PCL-R, Psychopathic Personality Disorder, and Dyssocial Personality Disorder. The survey was completed by 321 forensic psychiatrists based on which criteria they believed to be the most prototypical of antisocial personality. The results identified four factors: irresponsibility, unstable self image, and unstable relationships; manipulation and lack of guilt; aggressive behavior; and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. A diagnostic set composed of the most prototypical criteria was proposed for the DSM IV diagnosis of APD.
20
Kiehl, Kent Anthony. "A neuroimaging investigation of affective, cognitive, and language functions in psychopathy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ48667.pdf.
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Alhassoon, Omar Mohammad-Ali. "Analysis of MMPI scale-4 response patterns in recently detoxified alcoholics : neuropsychological and clinical correlates /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3089480.
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Agnor, David W. "Christian and non-religious sociopaths compared self-concept, locus of control, guilt, and quality of religious experience /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Heiblum, Naamith. "The mediated effects of parental attributions on parenting behaviors : implications for adolescent antisocial behavior /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036829.
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Hofvander, Björn. "AD/HD and autism spectrum disorders in adults." Malmö : Forensic Psychitry, Lund University, 2009. http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12588&postid=1487259.
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Buchanan, Rohanna. "An investigation of predictors of educational engagement for severely antisocial girls /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1588418281&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-89). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Oncul, Oznur. "Roles Of Basic Personality Traits, Schema Coping Responses, And Toxic Childhood Experiences On Antisocial, Borderline, And Psychopathic Personality Characteristics." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609775/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of basic personality traits, schema coping responses, and toxic childhood experiences on antisocial, borderline, and psychopathic characteristics. Considering the gap in the literature regarding the community samples, the present study also included a non-criminal, besides the criminal sample, in order to observe the differences among the associated variables related to the characteristics of suggested personality disorders. In this way, it was aimed to obtain a general idea about the protective factors from offending. Consequently, the non-criminal sample consisted of 146 participants (78 females and 68 males) and the criminal sample included 131 participants (42 females and 89 males. Data was collected through a demographic form and a package of inventories. In general, the results yielded that a dysfunctional family environment, whether traumatic or non-traumatic seems to play a crucial role in the development of characteristics of personality disorders. Moreover, basic personality traits and coping responses are also observed to affect the behavioral presentation of these characteristics. The findings of the present study is generally in line with the literature suggesting that, dimensional approach to personality disorders, by revealing the sub-clinical features and providing a deeper focus to the underlying dynamics in each personality disorder, have several implications in both clinical and forensic area. The results, as well as their implications and limitations, are discussed
with reference to the recent literature. Finally, suggestions for further research are mentioned.
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Kreklewetz, Kimberly. "Facial affect recognition in psychopathic offenders /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2166.
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Murray, Ashley Anne. "The effects of psychopathy and Machiavellianism on cognitive dissonance." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Williams, Robert A. "The ecology of antisocial behavior in urban African American youths /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901301.
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Scarparo, Mariella Ometto. "Comportamento social e volume de substância branca cerebral em adolescentes vítimas de maus tratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-04082016-160853/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A vivência de maus tratos na infância é apontada como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos antissociais e traços psicopáticos. Estudos sugerem alterações estruturais de substância branca (SB) cerebral em vítimas de maus tratos, que podem estar subjacentes a sintomas psiquiátricos e dificuldades cognitivas. OBJETIVO: Investigar o comportamento social de adolescentes vítimas de maus tratos (A-VMT), através da comparação de suas habilidades sociais e traços de psicopatia com um grupo controle (GC), e de possíveis correlações destas medidas com os diferentes tipos de maus tratos e com o volume de SB cerebral. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 67 A-VMT e 41 adolescentes do GC através do Questionário de Traumas na Infância (QUESI), da Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version (PCL-YV) e do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes (IHSA). Também foram adquiridas imagens anatômicas cerebrais através de equipamento de ressonância magnética (1,5T Siemens Sonata) e realizadas análises de morfometria baseada em voxels (VBM). RESULTADOS: Os A-VMT apresentaram maior intensidade de traços psicopáticos e mais déficits de habilidades sociais que o GC. A negligência emocional foi a forma de maus tratos que mais influenciou a presença de traços de psicopatia e que mais associou-se a prejuízos de habilidades sociais específicas. O volume de SB de regiões do hemisfério esquerdo (giro angular, precuneus e lobo parietal inferior) correlacionouse negativamente com o fator afetivo da PCL:YV. Além disso, foram encontradas correlações positivas entre o volume de SB de regiões de hemisfério direito com fatores de psicopatia: o volume do lobo parietal superior direito correlacionou-se com características interpessoais e o do giro pré-central com o fator antissocial. CONCLUSÃO: Os A-VMT apresentaram déficits do comportamento social quando comparados ao GC. O volume de SB de áreas cerebrais envolvidas no processamento de informações sociais e reconhecimento de emoções se correlacionou com traços específicos da psicopatia. A vivencia de maus tratos na infância pode contribuir para déficits na cognição social, o que por sua vez, pode predispor esta vulnerável população a alguns comportamentos antissociaisIntroduction: Child maltreatment is considered a risk factor for the development of antisocial behaviors and psychopathic traits. Studies suggest that specific white matter tracts may be vulnerable to child maltreatment and their alterations can be associated with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits. Aim: Compare social skills and psychopathic traits between maltreated adolescents (MTA) and a control group, as well as their possible correlations with different types of maltreatment and white matter volumes.. Method: The sample was composed by 67 MTA and 41 youths from the CG. Brain images were acquired by magnetic resonance imaging equipment (1,5T Siemens Sonata) for voxel-based morphometry analyses. The clinical evaluation was carried out using Childhood Trauma Inventory (CTQ), Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (SSIA) and The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Results: MTA presented more psychopathic traits and social skills deficits than the CG. Emotional neglect was the only maltreatment subtype with significant effect on psychopathic traits, and it was correlated with specific social skills deficits. The white matter volumes of left hemisphere regions (angular gyrus, precuneus and inferior parietal lobe) were negatively correlated with PCL:YV affective factor scores. Moreover, positive correlations between white matter volume of right hemisphere areas (superior parietal lobe and precentral gyrus) and specific psychopathic traits (antisocial and interpersonal) were found. Conclusion: MTA presented social deficits when compared to CG. The white matter volume of brain areas associated with social information processing and emotion recognition was correlated with specific psychopathic traits. Child maltreatment may contribute to social cognition deficits and predispose this vulnerable population to psychopathic traits
31
Ochoa, Robert. "Antecedents and antisocial behavioral outcomes of deviant peer involvement in elementary school /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9002.
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Gregory, Amanda Louise. "Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in adolescent psychopathy neuropsychological function, violent behavior, and MRI volumetrics /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3032405.
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Sellbom, Martin O. H. "Validity of Bender-Gestalt test signs measuring depressive, antisocial, and impulsive acting out personality characteristics." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236574.
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The Bender-Gestalt test is one of the most widely used psychological tests in clinical practice. However, very few empirical studies have investigated its projective use with adults. The purpose of the present study was to replicate a study conducted by Sellbom et al. (2001), which examined distortions of the Bender-Gestalt hypothesized to measure antisocial, impulsive, and depressive characteristics. It was found that the findings in Sellbom et al. (2001) were partially replicated, indicating that certain distortions, especially in conjunction, were significantly related to antisocial characteristics. The author suggests that the Bender-Gestalt could potentially be used as a screening measure for antisocial characteristics, but not to measure impulsive and depressive characteristics.Department of Psychological Science
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Serafim, Antonio de Padua. "Correlação entre ansiedade e comportamento criminoso: padrões de respostas psicofisiológicas em homicidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-06102014-090759/.
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Há um consenso na literatura de que indivíduos com transtorno de personalidade anti-social (psicopatia) apresentam deficiência na emissão de respostas emocionais como a ansiedade. Investigou-se o padrão de respostas fisiológicas (freqüência cardíaca e saturação de oxigênio), fatores do temperamento e caráter e impulsividade, ansiedade traço e estado em três grupos de 35 sujeitos: homicidas psicopatas, homicidas não psicopatas e grupo controle, constituído de indivíduos sem histórico criminal, psicopatia ou outro quadro psiquiátrico. Aplicou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Psicopatia (PCL-R) e a Entrevista Estruturada para Distúrbios da Personalidade (SIDP-R), para classificação dos três grupos quanto à psicopatia; o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE); o Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter (ITC), Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt (BIS-11). Medidas fisiológicas, freqüência cardíaca e saturação de oxigênio foram obtidas durante a apresentação de figuras de conteúdos emocionais neutros, agradáveis e desagradáveis do International Affective Picture System. Um ruído desagradável de 85 db foi apresentado como estímulo sonoro aversivo intermitente durante a exibição das imagens. Os resultados demonstraram que os psicopatas não experimentam ansiedade (traço ou estado) comparados aos homicidas não psicopatas e ao grupo controle. Nos fatores do temperamento e caráter os psicopatas apresentam características específicas como Esquiva ao Dano, Dependência de Gratificação, Autodirecionamento e Cooperatividade, que os difere dos demais grupos. Já os homicidas não psicopatas apresentam algumas características significativamente diferentes do grupo controle, ocupando uma posição intermediária. A freqüência cardíaca e a saturação de oxigênio nos psicopatas não sofreram alteração em nenhum dos momentos de avaliação, independente do estímulo visual ou sonoro. Nos homicidas não psicopatas houve uma variação significativa na freqüência cardíaca para as figuras agradáveis e na saturação de oxigênio para as figuras desagradáveis de menor intensidade que as observadas no grupo controle. No grupo controle a freqüência cardíaca aumentou frente às figuras agradáveis e desagradáveis e a saturação de oxigênio aumentou frente as figuras desagradáveis. O maior tempo de reação dos parâmetros fisiológicos ocorreu no grupo dos psicopatas. Concluiu-se que as características de personalidade avaliadas pelo ITC, o traço de ansiedade e as variáveis fisiológicas - freqüência cardíaca, a saturação de oxigênio e o tempo de reação desses parâmetros frente a figuras com diferentes conteúdos emocionais - foram capazes de caracterizar as reações de homicidas psicopatas e distingui-los de homicidas não psicopatas e não homicidasIt has a consensus in the literature of that individuals with antisocial personality disorders (psyhopathy) present deficiency in the emission of emotional answers as the anxiety. One investigated the standard of physiological responses (cardiac frequency and saturation of oxygen), factors of the temperament and character and impulsiveneness, anxiety trait and state in citizens condemned for homicide. A total of 105 men (evaluated individually, age between 18 and 61 years), divided in 3 groups of 35 citizens: (group 1 psychopathic homicides, 2 nonpsychopathic homicides and 3, group has controlled, constituted of individuals without criminal description, psychopathy or another psychiatric disorder). It was applied Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) and the Interview Structuralized for Disorders of Personality (SIDP-R), for classification of the three groups how much the psychopathy; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; the Inventory of Temperament and Character (ITC), Barratt Impulsiveneness Scale (BIS-11). For the physiologicals measures a pulse oximeter and the presentation of figures of neutral, pleasant and unpleasant contents emotional of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), during 6 seconds. A unpleasant noise of 85 db was presented as aversive sonorous stimulaton. The results had demonstrated that the psychopaths do not try anxiety (been trace or) compared with the nonpsychopathic homicides and to the group she has controlled. In the factors of the temperament and character the psychopaths present specific characteristics as reduction of fear response concern, impulsiveneness, greater affective insensibility, lack of planning, egocentrism pathological and raised sensitivity to the tedium that differs them from the too much groups. Already the not psychopathic homicides present some significantly different characteristics of the group have controlled, however they occupy an intermediate position (above of the group it has controlled and below of the psychopaths). The Cardiac frequency and the saturation of oxygen in the psychopaths had not suffered alteration in none from the moments of evaluation, independent of the visual or sonorous stimulation. In the not psychopathic homicides it had a significant variation in the cardiac frequency for the pleasant figures and in the saturation of oxygen for the unpleasant figures. The group has controlled if it characterized for being different of the too much groups, how much the cardiac frequency in all the different moments of evaluation and of the psychopathic homicides how much the saturation of oxygen for the unpleasant figures. The time of reaction of the cardiac frequency at the three moments of evaluation was measured still. Again, the psychopaths had presented the biggest time of reaction in relation to the too much groups. In a general way the results suggest that the psychopaths do not present anxiety, with not psychopathic homicides and not criminal citizens comparative. As much the group has controlled how much the not psychopathic homicides front to the interpreted situations as emotionally unpleasant they present a standard of physiological alteration of the psychopaths. It still concluded that the psychopaths present characteristics of the personality in moving to the temperament and the character that if present with factors capable to distinguish psychopaths from nonpsychopathic homicidals
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Assaad, Jean-Marc. "The heart rate response to alcohol intoxication and its relationship with alcohol consumption, delinquency, and intoxicated aggressive and disinhibited behaviors /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38457.
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Alcohol abuse/dependence frequently co-occurs with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conduct disorder (CD). Furthermore, crime studies have generally found that alcohol is involved in over 50% of violent crimes, and experimental studies support the notion that acute alcohol consumption indirectly increases the likelihood of aggressive and disinhibited behaviors in the laboratory. However, the mechanisms underlying alcohol's association with such behaviors remain unclear. The goals of this thesis were therefore to further elucidate potential mechanisms underlying (a) alcohol-induced aggressive, disinhibited behaviors and (b) the high comorbidity between delinquent, aggressive behaviors (characterizing CD/ASPD) and alcohol misuse/abuse/dependence. Thus, four studies were conducted, focusing on individual differences in the physiological response to alcohol intoxication. Specifically examined was the elevated heart rate (HR) response to alcohol, which is thought to reflect an increased sensitivity to alcohol-induced reward.Results of Study I indicated that high HR Responders to alcohol self-reported increased multiple year delinquency (physical aggression, theft, and destruction of property), as well as more alcohol consumption and an increased positive subjective feeling following intoxication, as compared to low HR Responders. Furthermore, a high HR response was related to increased extraversion, disinhibition, boredom susceptibility, and total sensation seeking. Study II revealed that Aggressive Sons of Male Alcoholics (Agg-SOMAs) had the highest intoxicated HR response, and reported the most alcohol consumption, as compared to Non-Agg-SOMAs, or Agg - or Non-Agg - Non-SOMAs. Studies III and IV revealed that intoxicated high HR responders exhibited the most physical aggression (assessed by the Taylor Aggression Paradigm), as well as the most behavioral disinhibition (assessed by the Go/No-Go task) as compared to sober high HR Responders, or sober/intoxicated low HR responders.
In summary, individuals with a high HR response to alcohol appear to have an increased propensity for multiple addictive, disinhibited and aggressive behaviors. This determines a phenotype of both potential heuristic and clinical importance. These findings are discussed within the context of a hypothetical model of (a) the high comorbidity between alcohol use/misuse and aggression/ASPD, and (b) the increased likelihood of alcohol-induced aggressive, disinhibited behaviors.
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Patrick, Christopher John. "The validity of lie detection with criminal psychopaths." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27507.
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The idea that psychopaths may be able to "beat" a standard polygraph ("lie detector") test remains a controversial issue. The one published study to date that has addressed this question directly (Raskin & Hare, 1978) has been challenged on the grounds that: 1) the polygraph testing situation lacked a 'realistic threat component, and 2) the examiner's decisions were not based on blind chart analyses (Lykken, 1978). The present study re-assessed the accuracy of the polygraph with psychopaths using a revised procedure, in response to Lykken's criticisms. Subjects were 24
psychopathic and 24 nonpsychopathic male prison inmates (aged 18-54) selected on the basis of psychopathy checklist scores (Hare, 1980) and DSM-III ratings within each diagnostic sample, equal groups of "guilty" and "innocent" subjects were tested regarding their involvement in a mock theft by experienced professional polygraphers using control question procedures. Methodological innovations included: a) a "group contingency threat" manipulation which produced a realistic motivational; atmosphere for the polygraph test, b) simultaneous recordings of physiological activity on field and laboratory polygraph instruments, and c) blind numerical analyses of the field polygraph charts. Consistent with Raskin and Hare's results, the guilty psychopaths in the present study were detected just as easily as the guilty nonpsychopaths, and the majority of guilty subjects (87%, excluding inconclusives ) were correctly identified, even when the decisions were based on blind chart analyses. However in contrast to Raskin and Hare's 91% accuracy figure for innocent subjects, the overall hit rate for innocent subjects in the present study was only 56%. Quantitative analyses of the laboratory polygraph recordings revealed few meaningful differences between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths, and the results for guilty and innocent subjects closely matched those obtained with the field polygraph. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the field validity of the control question test and the responsivity of psychopaths to threat.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Zanone, Charles F. "Predictors of criminality and personality subtypes among women prisoners /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842577.
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Cruise, Keith R. "Measurement of Adolescent Psychopathy: Construct and Predictive Validity in Two Samples of Juvenile Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2648/.
Full textAbstract:
The construct of psychopathy holds promise as a discriminating variable in the classification and explanation of childhood antisocial behavior. The new generation of psychopathy measures, designed to measure this construct in adolescent populations, must meet acceptable standards of reliability and validity prior to the clinical application of the construct with adolescent offenders. The purpose of this study is to examine the construct and predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy as measured by the PCL:YV, PSD, SALE, and SRP-II. Data from two samples of detained adolescent offenders (short-term and long-term detention) are utilized to investigate construct validity via MTMM. In addition, external validity indices including institutional violations (fighting, seclusions, and treatment refusals) and community supervision (probation contacts, drug testing, and re-arrests) are operationalized and measured in order to examine the predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy. Results of construct validity offer modest support for the two-factor model of psychopathy. For external validity, Factor 2 accounted for greater variance in the prediction of institutional infractions and subsequent placements in a secure facility; however, its overall predictive validity was low. The results suggest that the current measures assess psychopathic traits and behaviors which may be stable in adults but are likely to be normative and transient in many adolescents.
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Salekin, Randall T. (Randall Todd). "An Investigation of Psychopathy in a Female Jail Sample: a Study of Convergent and Discriminant Validity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277640/.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was designed to assess both the construct of psychopathy in a female jail sample as well as the quality of the measures that have been employed to assess this personality style. Utilizing the multitrait-multimethod matrix proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959), the construct of psychopathy was measured via three instruments: (a) the Antisocial Scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory, (b) the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised, and (c) the Antisocial Scale of the Personality Disorder Examination. In addition, the predictive validity of each of these measures of psychopathy was evaluated to determine their ability to predict institutional violence and non-compliance. The results revealed significant convergence and divergence across the three instruments supporting the construct of psychopathy in a female jail sample. In addition, the measures of psychopathy demonstrated moderate predictive validity.
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Wenger, Amengual Lorena Soledad. "Comportamiento antisocial, personalidad y madurez en adolescentes y jóvenes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664801.
Full textAbstract:
Uno de los mayores consensos dentro de la criminología es la relación edad - delito, la que describe un aumento significativo del comportamiento antisocial durante la etapa adolescente, el que, para la mayoría de los casos, tendrá un inicio abrupto, y que declinará hacia el inicio de la adultez. El inicio del comportamiento antisocial limitado a la adolescencia se ha vinculado a la denominada brecha de madurez o "maturity gap", brecha temporal entre el logro del total desarrollo de los adolescentes y el ejercicio de los roles sociales adultos, en donde los comportamientos antisocial son una forma de respuesta que permiten acceso a los beneficios de estatus social y privilegios adultos (p. ej. Galambos, Barker, & Tilton-Weaver, 2003; Moffitt, 1993). En años recientes la disminución del comportamiento antisocial se ha alargado hasta la adultez emergente, lo que podría estar relacionado con un "retraso" generacional en la conquista de la madurez y los roles adultos (p. ej. Matthews & Minton, 2017; Wensveen, Palmen, Blokland, & Meeus, 2017). Recientemente la madurez y su vinculación con el comportamiento antisocial ha resurgido a partir del trabajo del equipo de Steinberg (p. ej. Steinberg & Cauffman, 1996) en E.E.U.U, con importantes implicancias en el área de la Justicia Juvenil, sin embargo, en Hispanoamérica se ha investigado escasamente, y solo vinculado a adolescentes en contextos escolares. Por otro lado, en relación a la personalidad y el comportamiento antisocial, muchos estudios han descrito caracterizaciones de muestras antisociales, predicción de comportamientos antisociales y desistimiento a partir de la evaluación de rasgos de personalidad (p. ej. Blonigen, 2010; Jones, Miller, & Lynam, 2011; Le Corff & Toupin, 2010), sin embargo la mayoría de estos estudios se han realizo en muestras adultas y con tests que no han sido desarrollados para muestras adolescentes.
A partir de lo anterior, se ha definido como objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral explorar la relación entre los rasgos de la personalidad, el comportamiento antisocial y la madurez psicosocial en dos muestras de adolescentes y adultos emergentes, una de tipo convencional y otra de justicia juvenil. Si bien los dos primeros temas se han trabajado tradicionalmente en contextos de estudios de justicia juvenil, el tema de la madurez ha sido menos trabajado, especialmente con muestras españolas. Además, para la evaluación de personalidad se introduce un instrumento poco conocido en el contexto cultural hispanohablante, denominado Inventario Jesness (JI-R; Jesness, 2003), el cuál fue diseñado para el trabajo en justicia juvenil, y se considera puede ser un aporte a futuro para el área de la psicología forense.
Dentro de los principales resultados del estudio se pueden señalar la capacidad del JI-R para describir muestras con alto comportamiento antisocial a través de cinco de sus escalas (Desajuste Social, Valores Subculturales, Autismo, Agresividad-ira e Índice Asocial). Además, se observa que las escalas del JI-R correlacionan de acuerdo a lo teóricamente esperado con los rasgos de personalidad del Modelo de Cinco Factores, principalmente en torno a los rasgos Amabilidad, Responsabilidad y Estabilidad Emocional. En relación a la madurez psicosocial (evaluada a través del instrumento Maturity in Youth Assessment Scale - MAYAS), la muestra de justicia juvenil muestra una configuración de escalas que pueden indicar un perfil de "pseudomadurez", el que se asociaría a mayor riesgo en la toma de decisiones e involucramiento en comportamientos antisociales.
Los hallazgos de este trabajo permiten fortalecer el conocimiento que se tiene del JI-R y su utilidad en población infractora, por medio de corroborar la existencia de una serie de escalas que diferencian de forma significativa entre niveles de comportamiento antisocial, además de dar mayor sustento a su interpretación desde la base del Modelo de Cinco Factores. Además, los resultados entregan indicadores iniciales a partir de las escalas del MAYAS, de su comportamiento en muestras de justicia juvenil, además de lo que podría describirse como un perfil de "pseudomadurez" relacionado a comportamientos de riesgo, lo que puede ser de utilidad en la práctica forense, tanto en contextos de justicia juvenil como en el área de prevención de conductas de riesgo, por ejemplo, desde contextos de protección de menores.One of the main consensus within criminology is the age-crime relationship, which describes a significant and abrupt increase in antisocial behavior during the adolescent stage, which then declines at the beginning of adulthood. The initiation of antisocial behavior limited to adolescence has been linked to the so-called "maturity gap", a time gap between the achievement of the total development of adolescence and the execution of adult social roles. Here, antisocial behaviors are a form of response that allows access to the benefits of social status and adult privileges (e.g. Galambos, Barker, & Tilton-Weaver, 2003, Moffitt, 1993). In recent years, the decline in antisocial behavior has lengthened into emerging adulthood, which could be related to a generational "delay" in reaching adulthood and assuming adult roles (e.g. Matthews & Minton, 2017; Wensveen, Palmen, Blokland, & Meeus, 2017). Recently, maturity and its connection with antisocial behavior has resurfaced from the work of Steinberg's team (e.g. Steinberg & Cauffman, 1996) in the USA, with important implications in juvenile justice. However, it has only scarcely been investigated in Latin America, and has only ever been linked to adolescents in school contexts. On the other hand, in relation to personality and antisocial behavior, many studies have described characterizations of antisocial samples, prediction of antisocial behaviors and withdrawal from the evaluation of personality traits (e.g. Blonigen, 2010, Jones, Miller, & Lynam, 2011; Le Corff & Toupin, 2010). Nonetheless, most of these studies have been carried out in adult samples and with tests that have not been specifically developed for adolescent samples. Taking the above into consideration, the general objective of this doctoral thesis is to explore the relationship between personality traits, antisocial behavior and psychosocial maturity in two samples of adolescents and young adults. One sample is taken from the normal population, whereas the other is limited to adolescents and young adults from the juvenile justice population. Although personality traits and antisocial behavior have already been studied in contexts of juvenile justice studies, this was less so the case for maturity, especially in Spanish samples. In addition, for the personality assessment, a little-known instrument is introduced in the Spanish- speaking cultural context, called Jesness Inventory (JI-R; Jesness, 2003), which addresses work in juvenile justice, and is a considerable contribution to forensic psychology. Regarding the main results of the study, five of the JI-R’s scales describe samples with high antisocial behavior scales (Social Maladjustment, Value Orientation, Autism, manifest Aggression and Asocial Index). In line with previous research, the scales of the JI-R correlate with the personality traits of the Five Factor Model, mainly Kindness, Responsibility and Emotional Stability. In relation to psychosocial maturity (evaluated with the Maturity in Youth Assessment Scale - MAYAS), the juvenile justice sample shows a configuration of scales that may indicate a "pseudo-maturity" profile, which can be associated with greater risk in decision making and involvement in antisocial behaviors. The findings of this work reinforce the already existing knowledge on the JI-R and its usefulness within the juvenile delinquency population in several ways: by means of corroborating the existence of a series of scales that significantly differentiate between levels of antisocial behavior, as well as giving greater sustenance to the clinical interpretation based on the Five Factor Model. In addition, the current results provide initial indicators from the use of the MAYAS scales in juvenile justice samples and show what could be described as a "pseudo-maturity" profile related to risk behaviors. This result may be useful in forensic practice, both in contexts of juvenile justice and in risk behavior prevention, such as child protection.
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Mark, Daniel. "Contribution of Psychopathic Traits in the Prediction of Generalized Prejudice in Males." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404546/.
Full textAbstract:
Very few studies have investigated how psychopathic traits might contribute to our understanding of prejudicial attitudes. Moreover, previous studies involve a number of limitations which cloud interpretation of their findings. The current study examined the relationship between prejudice and a number of its predictors (e.g., social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)), while also including psychopathic traits and an innovative new measure of empathy using an online sample. A path analytic framework was employed to comprehensively model relations among psychopathic traits, SDO, RWA, and affective empathy domains in the prediction of generalized prejudice. Overall, there was support for certain psychopathic traits being modest predictors of racial prejudice, although more proximal measures were much stronger predictors. The results revealed a number of novel relationships that may help in further understanding the links between psychopathic propensities, empathy, and social-cognitive variables predictive of racial prejudice.
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Silver, Rebecca Berkovitz. "An ecological approach to understanding heterogeneity in early antisocial trajectories : the role of parents, peers, and teachers /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188882941&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Results of a study of 241 children participating in the Wisconsin Study of Families and Work (WSFW), an ongoing longitudinal study of familes and child development. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-112). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Carter, Rachel Marjann. "Psychopathy in Male and Female Offenders: Validating the CAPP-IRS and Investigating the Impact of Gender Role Conformity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062832/.
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Recent conceptualizations of psychopathy are moving toward more inclusive, purely trait-based models. However, researchers continue to heavily rely on assessments of psychopathy that include categorical behavioral elements. The newly developed Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality – Institutional Rating Scale appears to be a promising interview-based measure of psychopathy, but research on its reliability and validity is in its infancy. As a second issue, the vast majority of research on psychopathy, particularly in offender populations, is conducted with male participants. Nonetheless, the growing body of literature involving incarcerated females suggests gender differences in the prevalence and manifestation of psychopathic traits. Reasons for these differences are unclear, but some have proposed socialized gender roles as a contributing factor. With a sample of 52 female 49 male offenders recruited from a large, metropolitan jail, this dissertation evaluated the construct validity of the CAPP-IRS and examined the effect of gender role conformity on the manifestation of psychopathic traits. Results indicated that a three-factor model of psychopathy represented by antagonistic interpersonal relations, restricted emotions, and disinhibited behavior best fit the data. Findings further suggested convergent and discriminant validity for the CAPP-IRS. Additionally, masculine and feminine gender role conformity differentially related to psychopathy, but generally accounted for a small proportion of the variance in psychopathic traits. Recommendations for future research on the CAPP model and its assessment as well as implications for the clinical assessment of psychopathy in women are discussed.
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Duke, Nikki L. Swerdlik Mark E. Hesson-McInnis Matthew S. "Social problem-solving among incarcerated children with and without high callous and unemotional traits." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1221717301&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1177271755&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.Title from title page screen, viewed on April 22, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Mark Swerdlik, Matthew Hesson-McInnis (co-chairs), Adena Meyers, Kathryn Hoff, Raymond Redick. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-113) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Westover, Frances Marie. "Group intervention to modify undesirable behavior in children who have experienced parental loss." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1172.
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This study uses a cognitive group intervention approach in an attempt to alter anti-social behavior in elementary school children who experienced parental loss. The findings demonstrate improvement in some behaviors and worsening in others.
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Roy, Sandeep. "Differential Associations between Psychopathy Factors and Shooter Bias in the Police Officer's Dilemma." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248423/.
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The current study assessed abnormal attention in 71 undergraduate men, approximately half of which displayed elevated psychopathic traits, as they attended to cues on the Police Officer's Dilemma. In the computerized task, participants are instructed to shoot men holding guns and not shoot men holding neutral objects. However, research has shown that irrelevant racial cues in the task can influence participants to shoot unarmed Black men more frequently than unarmed White men; a phenomenon termed shooter bias. Contrary to expectations, individuals with elevated psychopathic traits tended to erroneously shoot unarmed Black men more frequently compared to those with low psychopathy scores. Additional analyses indicated that the interpersonal and lifestyle facets were associated with more interference in determining unarmed Black men as not threatening relative to unarmed White men and the affective domain was associated with faster responses to shooting armed Black men relative to armed White men. Additionally, prejudicial attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation) moderated the relationship between the affective psychopathic traits and shooting armed Black men by increasing the number of armed Black men identified as threatening relative to armed White targets. These findings are discussed in the context of the relationship between psychopathic traits and prejudicial attitudes and recent refinements to etiological theories of psychopathy.
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Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.
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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.
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Elders, Vera. "Child and adolescent mental health service provision : from group treatments for emerging personality disorders to clinician perspectives on implementing national referral criteria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22880.
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Background: During an age of fiscal constraint and increasing pressure to provide timely access to effective, efficient and evidence based care, there is an increased need for research to develop empirically based prevention and intervention strategies for complex psychological difficulties which often present during childhood and adolescence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are under significant pressure to deliver timely access to services, with demand frequently outstripping capacity to deliver. These challenges have highlighted the need for services to ensure that planning supports continued improvement in quality and delivers the best possible outcomes for service users. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of group based interventions for adolescents with features or a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was conducted. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed quality analysis. All included studies reported a significant improvement in psychopathology and symptoms of distress as well as an improvement in quality of life for both group based interventions and treatment as usual. Overall, the results hold promise for current work with adolescents with BPD and highlight the importance for future research in this developing area. However, more rigorous research is required to identify the active ingredients of treatments for BPD in adolescents with a view to developing standardised treatment protocols. Empirical Study: A Delphi study was conducted to explore perceptions on the relevance, practicalities, importance and feasibility of implementing nationally agreed CAMHS referral criteria from the perspective of clinicians working in CAMHS in the North of Scotland. In addition, the study aimed to explore and gain consensus on possible factors which support clinicians working in specialist services. A three round electronic Delphi survey, an iterative structured process used to gather information and gain group consensus, was completed by twenty-eight clinicians working in CAMHS. Eight open ended questions in Round 1, were analysed using content analyses resulting in ninety-eight statements to be rated by the same group of clinicians in Round 2 and fifteen statements in Round 3. Of the ninety-eight statements, eighty-four reached consensus. Results indicate that the guidelines are viewed by many clinicians as both acceptable and important, however, implementation of the guidelines can present services with significant challenges and have highlighted the importance of services having the correct infrastructure before it is possible to implement the referral criteria in a consistent and meaningful way.
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Castellana, Gustavo Bonini. "Comparação de traços psicopáticos entre jovens infratores e não-infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27082014-104205/.
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Introdução: A prática de atos infracionais e comportamento antissocial entre jovens podem estar associados a traços psicopáticos constitucionais (primários) ou ambientais (secundários) presentes no desenvolvimento desses indivíduos. O comportamento antissocial também está associado com a resposta autonômica diminuída diante de estímulos com saliência emocional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as diferenças de traços psicopáticos primários e secundários entre jovens infratores e jovens da comunidade com nível socioeconômico semelhante. Foi também objetivo a comparação dos padrões de resposta autonômica frente a estímulos visuais agradáveis, neutros e desagradáveis entre os grupos. Métodos: A escala Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) foi utilizada para identificar se jovens infratores do sexo masculino, que cumpriam medida socioeducativa de internação nas unidades da Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (CASA) em São Paulo, apresentavam diferenças na sua pontuação total, e especificamente no fator 1 ou fator 2 da escala, quando comparados com outros jovens da comunidade, em condições socioeconômicas semelhantes. Para isso foram excluídos da amostra os jovens que apresentavam critérios para Transtornos mentais ou Retardo mental de acordo com a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) e escala Wechsler de inteligência para adultos (WAIS- III), respectivamente. Foram também excluídos da comparação aqueles que apresentaram pontuação condizente com o critério de psicopatia no Brasil (igual ou maior que 23 pontos na escala PCL-R). A resposta autonômica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de latência, amplitude e labilidade da atividade elétrica da pele (AEP) diante de imagens agradáveis, neutras e desagradáveis do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Resultados: 39 infratores e 31 jovens do grupo controle foram comparados em relação aos traços psicopáticos. Os grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,01) na pontuação média do PCL-R, sendo 13.4 a pontuação média entre infratores e 2.1 entre não-infratores. Foram encontradas também diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quando analisadas separadamente as médias de pontuação no fator 1 (p < 0,01) e fator 2 (p < 0,01) da PCL-R. Apesar dos grupos terem apresentado diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) nos níveis educacionais, a ANCOVA realizada para comparar os resultados da média de pontuação na PCL-R entre os grupos, controlando para nível educacional, mostrou que a diferença nos resultados da PCL-R permaneceu estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01). Na comparação da resposta autonômica foi possível a inclusão de 33 infratores com os mesmos 31 do grupo controle. Foram também encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,01) na amplitude da AEP, sendo que o grupo de infratores apresentou maior ativação autonômica para estímulos agradáveis, porém menor ativação autonômica para estímulos desagradáveis. Conclusões: nesta amostra, tanto a presença de traços psicopáticos primários - associados a características constitucionais - quanto de traços psicopáticos secundários - associados a características ambientais, foram maiores entre infratores. No entanto a proporção de cada um destes fatores foi a mesma entre os grupos, com predominância dos traços secundários em ambos os grupos. Portanto não se pode atribuir a delinquência juvenil nesta amostra a nenhum fator especificamente - constitucional ou ambiental-, ainda que os fatores ambientais tenham contribuído de forma mais significativa para os traços psicopáticos na amostra como um todo. Os padrões de ativação autonômica entre infratores indicam que as respostas emocionais destes jovens diante dos estímulos agradáveis e desagradáveis do ambiente são diferentes dos outros jovens da comunidade, apontando características singulares da reação emocional de jovens infratores. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de intervenções amplas, não restritas a aspectos socioeconômicos, na abordagem da delinquência juvenilIntroduction: The perpetration of infractional acts and display of antisocial behavior among young people may be associated with constitutional (primary) or environmental psychopathic traits (secondary) present in their development. Antisocial behavior is also associated with impaired autonomic response to emotionally charged stimuli. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in primary and secondary psychopathic traits among young offenders and youngsters with similar socioeconomic status in a community. Another objective was to compare the patterns of autonomic response to pleasant, unpleasant and neutral visual stimuli between groups. Method: The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether male young offenders, who were detained at the units of Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (CASA) at São Paulo, exhibited total score differences, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with other young people in similar socioeconomic conditions from the community. To this end, young people who met the criteria for mental disorders or mental retardation were excluded, ased on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS- III), respectively. The comparison also excluded those who presented scores consistent with the criteria for psychopathy in Brazil (equal to or greater than 23 points on the PCL-R). The autonomic response was evaluated by means of latency, amplitude and lability of electrodermal activity (EDA) when presented with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results: 39 offenders and 31 nonoffenders were compared in relation to psychopathic traits. The groups presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in PCL-R score averages, being 13.4 the average score in the group of offenders and 2.1 in the non-offender group. Significant differences between the groups were also detected when factor 1 (p < 0.01) and factor 2 (p < 0.01) PCL-R score averages were analyzed separately. Although the groups presented statistically significant difference in educational level, the ANCOVA used to compare the PCL-R scores averages between the groups, controlling for educational level, showed that the difference in PCL-R scores remained statistically significant (p < 0,01). In the comparison of autonomic response, it was possible to include 33 offenders with the same 31 from the control group. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in EDA amplitudes were also found, and the group of offenders showed greater autonomic activation to pleasant stimuli, but less autonomic activation to unpleasant stimuli. Conclusions: in this sample, both the presence of primary psychopathic traits (due to inherited characteristics) and secondary psychopathic traits (due to environmental factors) was greater among young offenders. However, the proportion of each of these factors was the same between groups, with predominance of secondary traits in both groups. Therefore, one cannot specifically attribute juvenile delinquency in this sample to any factor - constitutional or environmental - although the environmental factors contributed more significantly to psychopathic traits in the sample as a whole. Patterns of autonomic activation among offenders indicate that the emotional responses of these young people when presented with pleasant and unpleasant stimuli in the environment are different from the other youngsters of the community, indicating particular features in the emotional response of young offenders. These results suggest that addressing juvenile delinquency requires far-reaching interventions, not solely restricted to socieconomic factors
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Taka-Eilola, T. (Tiina). "Mental health problems in the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort:relationship with parental severe mental disorder." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222455.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Maternal depressed mood during pregnancy is common, but studies on the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers, with a long follow-up, are scarce. The aim was to study whether the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers are at an elevated risk of psychoses, depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial and borderline personality disorder, and schizotypal and affective traits. Parental severe mental disorder was considered as both a genetic and environmental risk factor for mental disorders. The data are based on the unselected, prospective, population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort of 12,058 live-born children. The data were collected beginning from pregnancy and ending mid-adulthood. The mothers were asked about their mood during pregnancy at the antenatal clinic at 24–28 gestational weeks. Of the mothers, 13.9% rated themselves as depressed (11.8%) or very depressed (2.1%) during pregnancy. Parents’ severe, hospital-treated mental disorders, and the cohort members’ mental disorders were identified mainly by using the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. In this study, the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers had an increased risk of depression, and the male offspring for antisocial personality disorder, compared to cohort members without antenatally depressed mothers. The offspring with both maternal antenatal depressed mood and parental severe mental disorder had a markedly elevated risk of schizophrenia and depression, compared to cohort members without one or both of the risk factors. This is the first study where the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers were followed till mid-adulthood, also taking into account parental severe mental disorders. Based on the findings, the prevention of and early intervention in antenatal depression, especially in families with severe mental illness, might present an opportunity to reduce the risk of mental disorders in the offspringTiivistelmä Äitien raskausajan masennus on yleistä, mutta pitkiä seurantatutkimuksia raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsista on vähän. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien aikuisilla jälkeläisillä kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan, masennukseen, kaksisuuntaiseen mielialahäiriöön, epäsosiaaliseen tai epävakaaseen persoonallisuushäiriöön, ja ilmeneekö heillä enemmän skitsotyyppisiä tai affektiivisia piirteitä. Vanhempien vakavien mielenterveydenhäiriöiden katsottiin olevan sekä mahdollisia geneettisiä että ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä jälkeläisten mielenterveyshäiriöille. Tutkimus perustuu yleisväestöön pohjautuvaan, prospektiiviseen Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohorttiin, johon kuuluu 12 058 elävänä syntynyttä lasta. Kohortin jäseniä on seurattu sikiöajalta keski-ikään, aina 49 ikävuoteen saakka. Äitien raskaudenaikaista mielialaa tiedusteltiin raskausviikoilla 24–28 neuvolassa. 13,9 % äideistä raportoi mielialansa masentuneeksi (11,8 %) tai hyvin masentuneeksi (2.1%) raskausaikana. Vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt ja kohortin jäsenten mielenterveyshäiriöt selvitettiin pääosin hoitoilmoitusrekisteritiedoista. Tutkimuksessa raskaudenaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsilla havaittiin kohonnut depressioriski sekä kohonnut epäsosiaalisen persoonallisuushäiriön riski miehillä, verrattuna kohortin jäseniin, joiden äitien mieliala ei ollut masentunut raskausaikana. Kohortin jäsenillä, joiden äideillä oli raskausajan masennusta ja toisella vanhemmista vakava mielenterveyshäiriö, oli kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan ja depressioon, verrattuna heihin, joilla oli vain yksi tai ei kumpaakaan näistä riskitekijöistä. Tämä on ensimmäinen tutkimus, jossa raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsia on seurattu keski-ikään saakka, huomioiden myös vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella äidin raskausajan masennusoireiden varhaisen tunnistamisen ja hoidon voitaisiin ajatella vähentävien jälkeläisten mielenterveysongelmien riskiä, etenkin perheissä, joissa on vakavia mielenterveysongelmia