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1
Zhu, Peili. "Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mode and mechanism of action of antrodia camphorata mycelia." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/605.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major form of primary liver cancer, is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been proposed as a promising strategy for treating HCC. Due to the limitations of conventional therapeutics, increasing attention has been paid to complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the management of HCC. Antrodia camphorata (AC), a medicinal mushroom, is historically used for treating HCC. Pharmacological data showed that extracts and constituents of AC are able to inhibit STAT3 activation. Natural AC is scarce, cultured AC mycelia are becoming alternatives. AC mycelia have been demonstrated to possess anti-HCC properties. We hypothesize that inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the anti-HCC mechanisms of AC mycelia. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the safety and investigated the anti-HCC effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract of AC mycelia (EEAC); and we further explored the involvement of STAT3 signaling in EEAC's anti-HCC effects. Acute and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies showed that EEAC had no toxicity in rats. The maximum tolerable dose for acute oral toxicity and the no-observed-adverse effects level for repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity of EEAC were higher than 5,000 mg/kg body weight and 1,000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in rats. In cultured cells, EEAC is less toxic in normal liver-derived cells than in HCC cells. In HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, EEAC reduced viability, induced apoptosis, and retarded migration and invasion. In SMMC-7721 cell-bearing mice, EEAC significantly suppressed tumor growth. EEAC inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and suppressed angiogenesis in tumors. Mechanistic studies showed that EEAC downregulated protein levels of phosphorylated and total STAT3 and JAK2 (an upstream kinase of STAT3) in HCC cells and tumors. In cultured HCC cells, EEAC lowered the protein level of nuclear STAT3, decreased the transcriptional activity of STAT3, and downregulated protein levels of STAT3 targeted molecules. Over-activation of STAT3 in HCC cells diminished the cytotoxic effects of EEAC. STAT3 can be activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Phospho-RTK array assays showed that EEAC significantly inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) in HepG2 cells. EEAC dose-dependently lowered mRNA levels of PDGF BB (a ligand of PDGFR-β) and protein levels of p-PDGFR-β and PDGFR-β in HCC cells. Activating PDGFR-β enhanced STAT3 activation, and inhibiting PDGFR-β blocked STAT3 activation in HCC cells. EEAC reversed PDGF BB induced STAT3 activation in HCC cells. Our data indicate that EEAC exerts anti-HCC effects, and inhibition of PDGFR-β/STAT3 signaling is, at least in part, responsible for these effects. In summary, we have demonstrated that EEAC exerts anti-HCC effects without significant toxicity in vitro and in vivo. We have also demonstrated that inhibition of PDGFR-β/STAT3 signaling contributes to the anti-HCC mechanisms of EEAC. Our findings provide a pharmacological basis for the development of EEAC as a modern anti-HCC agent and for the traditional use of AC in treating HCC. In addition, our data suggest that the PDGFR-β/STAT3 pathway plays a pathogenic role and presents a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
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Kuan, Chun-Hua, and 官君樺. "Optimal culture parameters of hyphal growth in Antrodia camphorata and chemical studies on Antrodia camphorate mycelia." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19194176203530349219.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>工業管理系所<br>102<br>In recent years, because an excess of Stout camphor tree was felling that it was endangered. Because wild Antrodia grow up slowly and use artificial to grow is not easy. So, the cultivation liquid is the most common now. Liquid culture method can quickly produce in a short period, but the compound ingredients with wild mycelium is very different. Solid basswood and culture are cultivated Antrodia with wild Antrodia, very close in composition to detect, but the incubation time is too long, so part of the culture mycelium Antrodia still needs improvement. The current study is the influence of different cultures in ways Antrodia mycelial growth, not the growth rate and composition do mycelium and achieve the best combination of short. Therefore, this study using solid-state culture and using experimental design to find the optimal culture mycelium Antrodia combination of parameters and then to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of whether there is a single mycelium phenolic composition and the resulting combination of parameters to provide optimal for case company.
3
Liu, Yu-Hsuan, and 劉祐瑄. "Study of computational analysis of Antrodia camphorate triterpenoid’s anti-leukemia pharmacology." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27870104731739222637.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>102<br>Antrodia camphorate(AC) is one of the traditional Chinese folk medicine, often used in anti-inflammatory, to treat skin itching, solution alcoholism, etc.Some reports have suggested that it has many ingredients: polysaccharides, triterpenes, adenosine(1),triterpenoids with anti-leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer (2) effect.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the result of reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15(q22) and 17(q11–12),making the PML, RARα gene fusion, so promyelocytic abnormal proliferation and accumulation in the bone marrow and blood, and the mortality rate is very high(3).AC in Zhankuic acid A triterpene composition,through TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) induced the expression of death receptor 5(DR5), the DR5 expression,resulting in NFκB activation, Bax/Bcl-2 increase expression, induced HL-60 cells apoptosis(4).
This study compared numbers of different medicinal triterpenoids, such as: Antrodia, Ginseng, Licorice, Bupleurum, Poria and anti-leukemia medicine, using the Discovery Studio○Rcomputational analysis, different kinds of medicines triterpenoids and anti-leukemia medicine analysis and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) docking situations and docking scores, and explored whether AC triterpenoids is the most important ingredient in its anti-leukemia effect.
Preliminary results showed that AC triterpenoid structure and anti-leukemia medinice are bonding with protein. AC triterpenoid structure is relatively basic, small molecules, and also some OH group and the hydrogen atoms, more to have hydrogen bonding and protein bonding, therefore, the more firmly bonded docking score is higher.
4
Lin, Tsung-Hsuan, and 林宗玄. "Analysis of Anti-Oxidant ability supplements Antrodia Camphorate extracts by Capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wgy74n.
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碩士<br>元培科技大學<br>生物技術研究所<br>98<br>This study focuses on the rats with hyperlipidemia and their body’s physiological changes after exercise and intake of Antrodia Camphorate extract supplement. The 80 male Sprague Dawley rats are the experiment subjects; they were randomly assigned in the low, medium, and high-dose groups. A dose of 0.1 g / kg / day was administered for the low-dose group, 0.3 g /kg /day for the medium-dose group, and 1g / kg / day for the high-dose group. After administering the Antrodia Camphorate extract for 4 consecutive weeks, the rats were then sub-divided into the exhaustive exercise group and non-exhaustive exercise group that each consists of 10 rats. The rats of the exhaustive exercise group were first placed on a rodent treadmill of 10% slope where they warmed up for 10 minutes at 15 meters/minute, until the rats run up to failure. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed to collect blood samples and remove the brain for analysis. The two factors of the Antrodia Camphorate extract supplement and exhaust exercise were then compared to determine the biochemical analysis values in the bloodstream of the rats, the blood lipid status, and oxidative stress changes. The experimental results have indicated that after intake of the Antrodia Camphorate extract supplement, the four biochemical analysis values of GPT, TG, LDG, and CPK found in the body have reached significant differences (p &lt;0.05), but the results for the lipid peroxide MDA in the brain and the capillary electrophoresis analysis results for GSH and GSSG have not shown remarkable changes.
5
Tsao, Chiao-Yin, and 曹巧吟. "Studies on the Purification and Bioactivity of Immunomodulatory Proteins from Antrodia camphorate." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81760806999928363090.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>91<br>Abstract
Three new immunomodulatory proteins, acaⅠ, acaⅡ and acaⅢ, were purified from the filtrated mycellium and dried powders of fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata. The isolation procedure of acas includes homogenization, sonication, precipitation by ammonium sulfate, and followed by DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. These proteins from A. camphorata can be further purified using FPLC with Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE analyses showed that the molecular mass of acaⅠ, acaⅡ and acaⅢ was 29 kDa, 18.4 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively. Further staining using the periodic acid/Schiff reagents showed that acaⅠwas an glycoprotein but acaⅡ and acaⅢ were not. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis reveals that the isoelectric points of these acas were approximately 5.5. Additionally, acaⅠ, acaⅡ and acaⅢ cannot agglutinate mouse red blood cells.
The immunomodulatory activities of these A. camphorata proteins were demonstrated by their potent stimulatory activity toward mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. All these three proteins increase the proliferation and IFN-γsecretion by mouse spleen cells. Moreover, they can directly activate the cells and enhance the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, acaⅠ, acaⅡ and acaⅢ are potent immune stimulants that are proposed to strengthen the immune system of its host.
We also produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of these proteins to evaluate the epitopes and structures of those. Six strains of hybridomas, including aca1K1, aca1F1, aca2I1, aca2J1, aca3E1, aca3F1 were obtained. Results of immunoblotting studies indicated that acaⅠand acaⅡ, both purified from the mycellium of A. camphorata, were structurally related. However, acaⅢ isolated from the dried powders of fruiting bodies A. camphorata was structurally not associated with acaⅠand acaⅡ. This result implies that the strains of A. camphorata from various sources may be different.
Further studies should be undertaken to discover the influence of these proteins to various diseases and to study the molecular mechanisms of those toward immune cells. The obtained MAbs can be used in the aids for cloning these proteins, to screen new A. camphorata strains, and to confirm the quality of commercial A. camphorata related products.
6
Hsueh, Tzu Chuan, and 薛姿涓. "The Effect of Cultural Conditions on the Solid-State Culture of Antrodia camphorate." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33324578068943383609.
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Tsai, Yu-Chen, and 蔡育真. "The Immunomodulation and Antitumor Activities of Solid-State Fermentation Product of Antrodia camphorate Mycelia." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62759674116547174262.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>93<br>Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a medicinal fungus merely found in Taiwan. In this study, solid-state fermentation product of A. camphorata (SAC) from Wei-de biotechnology company was employed to examine the immunomodulatory and antitumor effects on mice.
Treatment of BALB/c male mice with a variety of concentration of SAC (50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg) resulted in a significant proliferation of splenocytes at day 4 as compared with saline treated group. The numbers of splenocytes in mice treated with 200 mg/Kg SAC increase and have significant difference from three other treatments after 11 days. The increased splenocytes are mainly T cells; B cells were not significantly changed. When the splenocytes were stimulated by concanavaliv A in vitro, there was a significant difference between saline treated group and SAC treated group in stimulation index.
BALB/c male mice were injected with 5-FU and fed simultaneously with 50 mg/Kg SAC or saline then compared with naïve. The results are as the following: at day 4 and 7, the number of splenocytes in 5-FU treated mice was significantly less than those of naive and the amount of splenocytes in SAC treated group was much greater than those of saline treated group; at day 15, splenocytes in saline treated group increased significantly as compared to those in non-treated group along with SAC treated group while the number of splenocytes in SAC fed mice was not significantly different from those in non-treated mice. It could be inferred from the above that SAC seems to have the capability to protect the spleen from damage exerted by 5-FU. The increased splenocytes were mainly T cells and the ratio of CD4＋ to CD8＋ in the 50 mg/Kg SAC fed mice was higher than those in saline fed and non-treated mice. The B cell level remains unaltered.
The result of cytotoxicity activity in vitro showed that the survival of Hep 3B, A549 and LL/2 decreased with the increase of treated concentration of ethyl extracted SAC as well as time of treatment. In vivo, SAC could reduce the size of tumor in mice and prolong the survival time as well.
Based on the experiments we have conducted, SAC appears to have the effect of immunomodulatory and antitumor activities against tumors bore in BALB/c male mice.
8
Tian, Yu-Feng, and 田宇峯. "Effects of Antrodia camphorate precondition against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver in rats." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14121268590174437433.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>98<br>It has been found that in recent years the incidence of liver diseases has been increasing greatly in Taiwan. Chronic liver diseases and liver cirrhosis are at the sixth among the top ten causes of death recently. Furthermore, liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Liver resection and liver transplantation are the main therapy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury plays an important role during liver resection or liver transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver may occur under many clinical conditions, such as hepatic trauma, hepatic transplantation, hypoperfusion shock or partial hepatectomy for liver tumors. Until now, the actual mechanisms remain unknown. There is evidenced that the sequence of hepatic I/R injury may cause severe liver injury. It was suggested that the increase of Kupffer cells activation induced reaction oxygen species involves the possible mechanisms. Activation of Kupffer cells results in production and release of proinflammatory cytokins, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1(IL-1β), chemokines, and neutrophil activation, lead to sinusoid endothelial cell death and hepatic cell damage. The period of hepatic ischemia associated with this technique and the resultant reperfusion can lead to liver injury and dysfunction, which is the main cause of death after hepatectomy. Thus, hepatic I/R injury has been actively investigated, and recently, protective strategies consisting of surgical interventions, pharmacological agents, and gene therapy have been reported. Therefore, enhancing the safety of hepatic surgery and diminishing the significant rates of morbidity and mortality are the most important task in clinical therapy.
In Taiwan, Antrodia camphorate(AC) is an exclusive fungus parasitic on the inner cavity of the endemic species Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata and an important traditional Chinese medicinal fungus(Basidiomycetes) for the treatment of human disease such as food and drug intoxication, abdominal pain, hypertension and liver cancer. Recently, polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of Antrodia camphorate are reported to provide several therapeutic benefits including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, vasorelaxation and anti-hepatitis B virus activities, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are obscure.
Our study had four groups which included ischemia reperfusion group、0.2 g/kg AC + I/R group、AC sham group and normal control group. The I/R rats are treated with 0.2 g/kg Antrodia camphorate (AC) 30 minute before ischemia (IR, ischemia 30min + 0.2 g/kg A.C.), than reperfusion 6h or reperfusion 7 day. Rat serums which were assayed TNF-αquantity by ELISA were extrated before ischemia、after reperfusion 2h and 6h. The serums which were assayed IL-6 and IL-10 quantity by ELISA were extrated before ischemia、after reperfusion 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h and 6h. After reperfusion 6h the serums were also assayed glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) quantity. Liver tissue【left lateral lobe(ischemia liver) and right lateral lobe(nonischemia liver】will be taken for measuring lipid peroxidation(MDA assay).liver tissue will also be taken for paraffin-embedded tissue sections which were respectively stained by H&E or TUNEL, and observed histopathology and liver cell apoptosis.
In these results, the ischemia reperfusion animal modal was successful，when MBP decreased at ischemia stage and increased gradually at reperfusion stage. Furthermore the liver was black and necrosis during reperfusion 6h. Pretreated Antrodia camphorate, we detected that rat GPT concentration was improved at reperfusion 6h stage, contrasted with IR control (P＜0.05), but GOT concentration was decreased slighter in pretreated Antrodia camphorate. The paraffin-emmbedded tissue sections which were stained by H&E showed that AC could diminish hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, vascular congestion and less severe hepatic necrosis in liver grafts at reperfusion 6 hours. The physiology monitory result showed : 1. After ischemia injury, AC could avoid high body temperature. 2. At ischemia stage, AC could maintain heart rate stability. 3. Contrasted with IR control, AC could maintain blood pressure stability at reperfusion 3~6 h. Under other hand, AC could reduce the TNF-α、IL-6 quantity of liver ischemia reperfusion injury rat serum, and suppress inflammation reaction. In AC therapy group, because inflammation reaction were be suppressed, IL-10 quantity range on the rise were be down regulating in serum. When we assayed MDA level., which was decreased at Antrodia camphorate pretreatment, compared with IR control after reperfusion 6h. In the result of TUNEL stain, AC reduced severe hapatic cell DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in liver at reperfusion 6 hours. At reperfusion 7 day, we found AC which could increase the survival rate to 80％。
In this study, we had established rat liver ischemia reperfusion modal. The results suggested, effect of Antrodia camphorate precondition to protect was good, which could reduce liver ischemia reperfusion injury. In the future, we will investigate the mechanism of protection with Antrodia camphorate, and add other medicine or therapy method which can increase the curative effect of liver ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Hu, Xiao-Lan, and 胡筱嵐. "Investigation on enhancing production rate of biodiesel through co-culturing microalgae and Antrodia camphorate." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/953y4v.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>輪機工程學系<br>107<br>Microalgae have high oil content. The process of cultivating microalgae can help maintain the biological system of aquatic cycle, while reduce the impact of land use, food competition and seasonality. In order to improve the stability of the algae cultivation process, the fungus and the microalgae are mixed to adjust the growth conditions of the metabolites and the medium composition in the water, so as to promote the propagation of the algae and rapidly increase the oil content. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a culture technique for reducing the production cost of lipid. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was selected as the test algae, and symbiotic with Antrodia camphorate. The growth curves of microalgae and fungi, biomass, chlorophyll, particle size, pH, fungal polysaccharides, and lipid contents, etc. were analyzed in order to establish the mutual growth relationship and synergy between the two microorganisms, thereby to increase the production rate of algae and fungi, and reduce the production cost of raw oils and fats. The changes in the properties of algae and fungus under different mixing ratios and cultured days were observed. The experimental results showed that when the Chlorella vulgaris was co-cultured with 5% Antrodia camphorate on the fifth day, the biomass was the highest, which was 0.687 mg/L; chlorophyll was grown by 5.6 times when Chlorella vulgaris was co-cultured with 5% Antrodia camphorate on the fifth day; and the pH value in the culturing water was the lowest (4.11) when Chlorella vulgaris and Antrodia camphorata were co-cultured on the fifth day. The amount of polysaccharide was grown by 1.66 times when Chlorella vulgaris and 15% Antrodia camphorate were co-cultured on the fifth day. In addition, the crude lipid highest of the two microorganisms was the highest (19.61 wt. %) when Chlorella vulgaris was co-cultured with 5% Antrodia camphorate on the fifth day. The heating value of the lipid content reached the highest (17.34 MJ/kg) on the fifth day when the mixing ratio of Antrodia camphora was 15%. The carbon residue of the crude lipid was the lowest (1.6 wt. %) on the fifth day when the ratio of Antrodia camphora was 10%. When Chlorella vulgaris was co-cultured with 5% Antrodia camphorate on the fourth day, the particle size of Chlorella vulgaris is the lowest (5.55 μm). Moreover, the amount of crude lipid under co-cultivation of algae and fungus was higher than that under the condition of cultivating Antrodia camphora alone. Therefore, under the mechanism of synergistic symbiosis of algae-fungus, the fungus might enhance the growth of crude lipid of microalgae, probably because of abundant nutrients provided by their counterpart. It is inferred that symbiosis benefits of those two microorganisms were justified in this study.
Key words: Chlorella vulgaris, Antrodia camphorata, crude lipid, biodiesel, co-cultivation.
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Huang, Pin-Chen, and 黃品臻. "Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Antrodia camphorate Submerged Whole Broth and its Essential Oil." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17038979341214467721.
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碩士<br>實踐大學<br>食品營養研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
The first part of study was on isolation and identification of the chemical constituents of Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth. Powder of Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth was extracted with methanol at room temperature three times (7 days each time). The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue which was suspended in water, and this phase was partitioned with ethyl acetate five times. The combined ethyl acetate layers afforded a black syrup which was separated by open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, flash column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization to afford 15 compounds. Among these compounds are classified to 5 sterols, 4 triterpenoids and 6 others.
The 15 compounds are shown as follows:
ST1: Ergosta-7,9(11),22E -trien-3β-ol
ST2: Ergosterol peroxide
ST3:β-Sitosterol
ST4: Stigmasterol
ST5: 3β-5α-dihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22(E)-diene
TR1: Dehydrosulphurenic acid
TR2: 24-Methylene-lanost-8-en -3β-ol
TR3: Eburicoic acid
TR4: Dehydroeburicoic acid
OT1: (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
OT2: Succinic acid monomethyl ester
OT3: (S)-(+)-pantolactone
OT4: Hydroquinone
OT5*: 5-Methoxy-4-methyl-2,7-dioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-3-one
OT6: Dimethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate
* new compound
The second part is analysis the material composition of easy to volatilize. Separately analysing the first part of research samples, and Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing dry powder distillation essensitial oil sample, Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing with liquid distillation essensitial oil sample, the Antrodia camphorata the whole broth of freezes the powder distillation essensitial oil sample, Antrodia camphorata the whole broth of freezes the powder methyl alcohol extract residue distillation essensitial oil sample, s Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid trough give vent to take off activated carbon essensitial oil sample with ether, in separately analysis by GC-MS.
Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing dry powder distillation essensitial oil sample main components are terpenoids and esters. The terpenoids in Antrodia camphorata the whole broth of freezes the powder distillation 4~8 hours essensitial oil sample WB-A2 evident higher than the essensitial oil sample WB-A1. Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing with liquid distillation essensitial oil samples main components are esters. Synthetically, chemical compounds gamma-dodecalacton and delta-cadinene, should exist in the broth of Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid, and may exist in the Antrodia camphorata mycelium. Chemical compounds of (9Z,12Z) -ethyl octaeca-9,12-dienoate and ethyl oleate should mainly exist in Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid. In addition, the chemical compounds of nerolidol and farnesyl acetate3 are exist in Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing. Chemical compound furfural should exist in the broth of Antrodia camphorata ferment liquid upper strata float thing, and may exist in the Antrodia camphorata mycelium.
The prophase of train Antrodia camphorata ferment the air vent hole activated carbon with ether take off essensitial oil for the most part of composition is ketone, the train later stage essensitial oil main of compositions are terpenoids and esters. Therefore inference, Antrodia camphorata mycelium in a large to synthesize alcohols and terpenoids at ferment train of later stage. The value of the essensitial oil also improves relatively.
In charge of first part of research essensitial oil sample obtained to analyse contain a lot of long chain ester type, steroids and triterpenoids. The sample EH20-ST1-AF to detect three kinds of steroids contains beta-sitosterol (ST3), stigmasterol (ST4) and 29- isofucosterol. Essensitial oil sample WMD whether Antrodia camphorata the whole broth of freezes the powder methyl alcohol extract residue distillation, the primary compound is the ester.
When the cultivation on later stage of Antrodia camphorata ferment the air vent hole activated carbon with ether take off essensitial oil C-B content high fragrance serious. The metabolism result with fly away during the ferment to train, if can collect and study further, perhaps can develop the new products.
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Wang, Kai-Ching, and 王楷敬. "Solid state cultivation of Antrodia camphorate and HPLC analysis of triterpenoids using AMP as internal standard." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97840703822071066110.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系生化科技碩博士班<br>103<br>Triterpenoids are widely distributed in nature, some of the plants, animals and fungi contain these compounds, but the type and content of triterpenoids found in different plants and animals who have a little different, triterpenoids inhibit cancer cell growth and anti-oxidation activity characteristics.And general triterpenoids mostly by the lanostane or ergostane composed, the fruiting bodies of Antrodia with triterpenoids mostly in higher pharmacological activity of ergosterol-based.In this study, the use of solid matrix culture Antrodia mycelium in liquid culture in the form of the bacteria were inoculated solid medium, observation records mycelial growth patterns, in order to facilitate analysis of triterpenoids content.And experiments intended to test the use of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as the internal standard in HPLC quantitative analysis of Antrodia triterpenoids, preliminary experiments confirmed that AMP and triterpenoids elution use the same solvent, and both of them have different in HPLC retention time. Therefore, further studies can be used as the internal standard compound triterpenoids HPLC. AMP is suitable for quantitative analysis, after proper development of the ratio calculated from the HPLC chromatogram of the area of the wave front triterpenes correlation between concentration, according to their good correlation resistance to the establishment of a standard curve can be calculated by the standard curve concentration of each sample solution contained Antrodia triterpenoids.
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Wang, Yi-Zhen, and 王藝蓁. "The extracts of Antrodia camphorate fruiting body inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis on pancreatic cancer cells." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42693297346421583096.
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碩士<br>大仁科技大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>99<br>Antrodia camphorate is a fungus native to Taiwan, and its fruiting body grows very slowly, thus becomes one of the most precious medicinal fungi. The fruiting body of A. camphorate is believed to be effective in diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension and anti-tumor. The goal of this study is to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of A. camphorate extracts (ACE) against BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and the possibly involved apoptotic mechanism. Three extracts (W-E, E-E and EA-E) were obtained from the fruiting body of A. camphorata. The data showed that ACE contain triterpenoids, polysaccharides and 1,3-β-D-glucan, three major effective components which have been reported to have biological activities, and among them EA-E possessed a higher content of triterpenoids by HPLC analysis; whereas W-E and E-A possessed a higher content of polysaccharides by spectrophotometer analysis (W-E, 399.11±0.01 mg/g; E-E, 207.69±0.01 mg/g; EA-E, 140.64±0.03 mg/g) and 1,3-β-D-glucan by spectrofluor
-ometer analysis (W-E, 183.52±0.29 mg/g; E-E, 84.01±0.36 mg/g; EA-E, 81.37±0.48 mg/g). All extracts (W-E, E-E and EA-E) from ACE exhibited obvious cytotoxicity toward BxPC-3 cells for 48 h with IC50 values of 39.83±1.36 μg/mL, 2.49±0.10 μg/mL and 2.36±0.20 μg/mL, respectively. ACE induced a sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry histogram of treated cells indicating apoptosis is involved in this toxicity. Furthermore, in treating BxPC-3 cells for 48 h, the apoptotic effect of ACE was confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and nuclear DNA fragmentation. Similarly, BxPC-3 cells treated with ACE were also found to reveal evident characteristics of apoptosis, which include characteristic chromatin condensation, cell blebbing, production of some tiny pellets, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Using wound healing assay, ACE significantly suppressed the migration ability of BxPC-3 cells in a time-dependent manner, and this inhibitory effect was even more significant than Gemcitabine, one clinical drug, which currently used for the treatment in pancreatic cancer therapy. Furthermore, Western blotting with treated cells demonstrated that ACE-induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells may occur through a mitochondria-dependent pathway while triggering an appropriate balance of bax/bcl-2, increasing levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP in. To conclude, we demonstrated that the fruit body extracts of A. camphorate exert the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects on BxPC-3 cells, which suggests that ACE seems to play a anticancer role in pancreatic cancer. It is possible that A. camphorate may serve as a potential naturally occurring compound for pancreatic cancer prevention and therapy.
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Ru, Wu Man, and 吳曼如. "Effect of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde,the Major Volatile Component of Antrodia camphorate Fruiting Body, on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17891921436232215420.
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碩士<br>實踐大學<br>食品營養與保健生技學系碩士班<br>100<br>Obesity is considered a major risk factor for many chronic disease, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.The fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorate possess various biological activites, including anti-oxidation, anti-hypertension, anti-carcinogenesis, anti-hyperlipidemia and liver-protection.
However, there has not been any study related to anti-obesity. The major volatile compound of Antrodia camphorate fruiting body, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (2,4,5-TMBA), was reported to be a significantly inhibitor of COX-2 activity. Because COX-2 is essential for adipogenesis, we investigated the effect of 2,4,5-TMBA on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation and adipocytes lipolysis. During differentiation, 2,4,5-TMBA dose-dependently attenuated lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocyte as evidenced by Oil Red O staining. At the molecular level, 2,4,5-TMBA decreased the protein expression of MAP kinase kinsae (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α,β,γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor1/sterol regulation element binding protein1c (ADD1/SREBP1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A. In mature adipocytes, 2,4,5-TMBA singnificantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation by increasing the lipolysis of triglyceride though suppression of perilipin A and up-regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). These results demonstrate that 2,4,5-TMBA efficiently inhibits adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells.
Keywords：2,4,5-TMBA, adipogenesis, lipolysis, 3T3-L1 cells
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Huang, Tzu-Ning, and 黃梓甯. "Studies on Adjuvant Mechanism of Antrodia Camphorate Mycelia with Chemotherapy on Multidrug Resistance from Human Hepatoma Cells." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86760566058698548725.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>94<br>Antrodia camphorata (AC), a unique fungal species, used as a folk medicine in Taiwan. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, often respond with limited efficacy to currently available chemotherapeutics with multidrug resistance (MDR) expression. The present study were to establish an evaluation system on MDR, compare the adjuvant anti-cancer effects from ACs mycelia on the human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, C3A and PLC/PRF/5),
which cause resistance to most chemotherapies.
The results indicated that cisplatin and paclitaxel can cause drug resistance and MDR-1 expression were positive on high dose (10M), while another (Mytomyocin) were more sensitivity and the MDR-1 expression were negative. Meanwhile, we found that diverse ACs on high dose also caused the cytotoxicity by MTT assay as well as the inhibition of MDR-1 expression by western blotting (100M) such as some chemotherapies induction above. Interestingly, the regiment of ACs treatment (<10M) combined with chemotherapies to HCC can potentate the anti-cancer activities and decreased MDR-1 expression, but ACs (>10M) treatment alone also induced the cytoxicity to normal liver cell (BNL).
Our data indicated that treated AC combined with chemotherapies can decrease MDR-1 expression through inhibition COX-2, P-Akt, and increase the PAPR-1 expression to HCC by western blotting. So, we believed that AC may play a important role of adjuvant chemotherapies to regulate MDR for HCC. Continuously, the cell cycle pase and apoptosis percentage (FACS) testing in vitro and in vivo model (ICR nude mice implanted liver tumor cells) to the effect of ACs with chemotherapies will be done.
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Li, Shu-Chi, and 李淑琪. "Effects of Monascus purpureus or Antrodia camphorate-fermented Panax notoginseng or Savia miltiorrhiza on coagulation and lipid profile." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wzm8y4.
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碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>水產食品科學研究所<br>102<br>Panax notoginseng (PN) and Savia miltiorrhiza (SM) have been show that they can improve blood stasis and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. On the other hands, traditional Chinese medicine will be regulated pharmacological effects after microbial fermentation, so its become a new trend on medicine pharmacological research. The aims of this study were investigated the effect of Monascus purpureus or Antrodia camphorate-fermented Panax notoginseng or Savia miltiorrhiza on antithrombotic and improve hyperlipidemia. Firstly, suppression of Monascus purpureus-fermented Panax notoginseng (MPPN) and Monascus purpureus-fermented Savia miltiorrhiza (MPSM), Monascus purpureus (MP), Antrodia camphorata-fermented Panax notoginseng (AP), Antrodia camphorate-fermented Savia miltiorrhiza (AS) and Antrodia camphorate (AC) on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA. hy 926 cells) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were investigated in this study. Results show that AS and MPPN groups have the lowest IC50 for ICAM-1 levels on EA. hy 926 cells induce by TNF-α. To study the effects of AS and MPPN on the anti-antithrombotic and anti-hyperlipidemia, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high fat diet was as an animal experimental. In this study, to induce thrombosis and hyperlipidemia, SD rats were fed a high-fat diet for three weeks then 0.5 g/kg BW MP, 0.1 g/kg BW PN, 0.1 g/kg BW MPPN (MPPN-L) or 1.1 g/kg BW (MPPN-H), respectively, were added to their high-fat diet for ten weeks. From bleeding times analysis, MP, PN, MPPN-L or MPPN-H groups have a significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). In PN group rats, the prothrombin times (PT) was significantly higher than that of the control group rats (P<0.05). After treated with PN, MPPN-L and MPPN-H to SD rats, their anti-thrombin III level were also significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In MP, PN, MPPN-L or MPPN-H groups, the protein C levels were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The atherosclerotic plaque area assay results also found a significant decrease in plaque area (P<0.05) after treated with MP, PN, MPPN-L and MPPN-H in experimental rats. From the blood lipid content analysis, there are significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) level (P<0.05) after treatment with MP, PN, MPPN-L or MPPN-H. In addition, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of PN, MPPN-L and MPPN-H groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). These results indicate that MP, PN and MPPN with a enhance anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic and improve hyperlipidemia effects, among which P. notoginseng had the best regulation. On the other study, to induce thrombosis and hyperlipidemia, SD rats were fed a high-fat diet for three weeks then 2.4 g/kg BW AC, 0.1 g/kg BW SM, 2.5 g/kg BW AS (AS-L) or 12.5 g/kg BW (AS-H), respectively, were added to their high-fat food for ten weeks. From bleeding times analysis, AC, AS-L or AS-H groups have a significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). After experimental rats were treated AC, SM, AS-L or AS-H, their activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After giving SD rats AS-L and AS-H, their PT were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Antithrombin III level of AS-H group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In AC and AS-H groups rat, protein C levels were significantly higher than that of the control group. From atherosclerotic plaque area assay results show a significant decrease in plaque area (P<0.05) after treatment with AC, SM, AS-L or AS-H, among which AS-H had the best affect. The results of the blood lipid examination, a significant decrease in TG and LDL-C level (P<0.05) in AC, SM, AS-L, or AS-H groups, among which AS-H in TG had the best improved. These results indicate that AS can enhance experimental rats anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic and anti-hyperlipidemia. Moreover, it exhibited a dose-dependent relationship which indicates that AS has the potential on cardiovascular disease prevention. Our study indicate PN and MPPN can have anti-thrombotic and anti-hyperlipidemia affects. And, AS can enhance the anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic and improve hyperlipidemia as compare AP along group.
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Kuo, Fu-Hsing, and 郭富星. "Identifiction of Antrodia camphorate compositions by isotopic pattern and accurate mass using liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82606714309299212191.
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HSU, PEI-YU, and 徐珮瑜. "Product Quality and Marketing Strategies of Health Food with Antrodia Camphorate —A Case Study of One Person One Tree Biotechnology Co., LTD." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/frufs5.
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碩士<br>嶺東科技大學<br>行銷與流通管理系碩士班<br>105<br>This study has based on the food quality of Antrodia camphorate health foods as theme of research, while the questionnaire design has focused on regular consumers to carry out its investigation. The purpose of it is to appreciate the understanding of regular consumers towards the categories of quality on Antrodia camphorate health foods as market strategy is being formulated. As noted from the research results, quality elements of cognition cultivation aspect from most of the regular consumers are considered to be of indifference quality, quality elements of cognition benefit aspect from most of the regular consumers are considered to be of one-dimensional quality. It is recommended that One Person One Tree should improve Antrodia camphorate product of benefit in the future and be disseminate the Antrodia camphorate of benefit. It is why that One Person One Tree can, for marketing on regular consumers, still base on these quality elements as its primary pursuit.
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Lien, Hsiu-Man, and 連秀屘. "Study of the Anti-Proliferative and G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Activities of 4,7-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-l,3-benzodioxole from Antrodia camphorate and 5-Substituted Derivatives on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67277122756789808649.
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博士<br>東海大學<br>化學系<br>102<br>Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a medicinal mushroom that grows on the inner heartwood wall of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay (Lauraceae), an endemic species that is used in Chinese medicine for its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we concentrated that a possible active compound SY-1 which contained in all three different sources of Antrodia camphorata was further collected using preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The purified compound was confirmed as 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-l,3-benzodioxole using ultraviolet, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. SY-1 profoundly decreased the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (COLO 205) through G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest (50–150 mM) and induction of apoptosis (>150 mM). Cell-cycle arrest induced by SY-1 was associated with a significant increase in levels of p53, p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1, and a decrease in cyclins D1, D3 and A. In contrast, SY-1 treatment did not induce significant changes in G0/G1 phase cell-cycle regulatory proteins in normal human colonic epithelial cells (FHC). Thecells were cultured in soft agar to evaluate anchorage-independent colony formation, and we found that the number of transformed colonies was significantly reduced in the SY-1-treated COLO 205 cells. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that SY-1 inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of cell growth and anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar.
A set of ten 4,7-dimethoxy-l,3-benzodioxole derivatives based on a lead compound previously discovered by our group, SY-1, which was isolated from Antrodia camphorata, were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity on human colorectal carcinoma cells (COLO 205). Structure–activity relationship studies of the 10 compounds indicated the importance of the chain length of thealkyl group at the 5-position, and the 2-propenyl substituent named ‘apiole’ exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that the SY-1 analogue ‘apiole’ decreased the proliferation of COLO 205 cells, but not that of normal human colonic epithelial cells (FHC). The G0/G1 cell cycle arrest induced by apiole (75–225 mM) was associated with significantly increased levels of p53, p21 and p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1. Concerning COLO 205 cell apoptosis, apiole (>150 mM) treatment significantly increased the levels of cleaved caspases 3, 8, 9 and bax/bcl-2 ratio and induced ladder formation in DNA fragmentation assay and sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry analysis.
These findings suggest that SY-1 and apiole can suppress COLO 205 cell growth; however, the detailed mechanism of these processes require further investigation.
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Chen, Ling-Yi, and 陳玲儀. "Pretreatment with an ethanolic extract ofTaiwanofungus camphoratus (Antrodia camphorata)enhances the cytotoxicity of Amphotericin B." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35912171518210052252.
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Yi-Hsuan, Chang, and 張益軒. "Molecular Systematics of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62426321688093482003.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>90<br>Antrodia camphorata, a traditional medical fungus grows in Taiwan only, become more and more popular in recent medical research. A. camphorata grows on empty rotting trunk of Cinnamomum kanehirai only, and is well known as “niu chang ku”. Because amount of C. kanehirai decreased seriously, the price of A. camphorata rise to 162,000 NT per kilogram. Many traditional chinese herb stores sell fruiting body of A. camphorata. But there is a problem about it, none can identify A. camphorata clearly by its shape. And customer may pay a lot for a A. camphorata like mushroom.
In order to indentify A. camphorata rapidly and correctly, we use the molecular biology methods for A. camphorata species and strains analysis. First, we used 18S rRNA gene , ITS gene and intergenic spacer of rRNA , and Mn-superoxide dismutase gene. The sequencing data was submitted to PubMed for BLAST, and collected the similar sequences. When we compared the sequences, found A. camphorata have special sequences, so we can determinate the specie of A. camphorata. Then we use phylogenetic analysis methods Neighbor Joing method, Parsimony method and Maximum Likelihood method to analyze evolution relation of A. camphorata. And bootstrap analysis was used for statistical test. All the three methods can indicate A. camphorata is different from other similar sequences.
The molecular identification system we builded, could be used for product development of A. camphorata.
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Yang, Ya-Dao, and 楊亞道. "Cultivation and observation of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79572603082629798773.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系碩士班<br>100<br>In this study, the observation of growth traits and morphology of Antrodia camphorata on Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata basswood and Petri dish (plate) were investigated. The optical microscope was also employed to examined the growth characteristics and eventually draw its life cycle. It was found that the germination of Antrodia camphorata basidiospore and growth seal tightness of Antrodia camphorata mycelium had a great impact on fruiting bodies. Increasing the humidity and sufficient air supply are crucial for fruiting bodies formation especially when mycelium appear in the notch, lateral, or bottom of basswood. The color of fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata in basswood was begin with light pink followed by red with mist white and then turns red to yellow during 11 months investigation. Meanwhile, Antrodia camphorata basidiospores was found in the basswood in the initial of cultivation, followed by hyphae (1st month), basidiomycota (2nd month), mycelial growth from basidiospores (derived from splitting of swelling basidiocarp) (3rd to 6th months), arthrospore (8th month), mycelium bonding (9th month), basidiocarp and basidiospores (10th month), and basidiocarp (11th month) was observed under microscope.
The growth of Antrodia camphorata in the plate was affected by nutrients. The Antrodia camphorata mycelium was inoculated at the center of the Petri dish and the white mycelium was observed at day 4. The red myceliums begin growth from white layer edge after 8th day. Subsequently, half of the plate spread with the white-hair-like red mycelium at 12 to 16 days of cultivation. The basidiospore was found in the inoculum at day 0 of culture under microscope. The growth of hyphae and clamp connections proceed for 2 to 4 days and changing to skeletal hyphae and arthrospore at 6th to 8th day. At 12th day, the arthrospore was fusion with expanded basidiocarp. The basidiocarp becomes mature and turns to basidiomycota after two weeks cultivation. Finally, the mature basidiomycota split to basidiospore at 16th day of inoculation. The life cycle of Antrodia camphorata is completed.
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Hsiao-Chuan, Chen, and 陳曉娟. "Promotion of hyphal growth in Antrodia camphorata from coniferous trees and chemical studies on Antrodia camphorata mycelia." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00872103388298538578.
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碩士<br>臺北醫學大學<br>生藥學研究所<br>92<br>Antrodia camphorata is a peculiar medicinal fungus in Taiwan, which grows on the moribund heart wood of the endemic tree species, Cinnamomum kanehirai. Because of its slow growth-rate in nature and host plant endangered, the material is insufficient on medical treatment and research. This research screened for the hyphal growth factor of A. camphorata from seven coniferous trees (Cunninghamia konishii, Cryptomeria japonica, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus armandi, Tsugo chinensis, Taxus sumatrana) based on biomass and mycelial growth-related metabolic activity. Chemical constituents of cultured A. camphorata mycelia were also investigated. The results showed that A. camphorata fed with polysaccharide (PS) of C. konishii leaves at the dose of 3 g/l exhibited the highest growth effect on the biomass of 5.29 ± 0.16 g/l, significantly higher than that of control (2.69 ± 0.13 g/l) (** P < 0.01). The scavenging activity on α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 2 mg/ml methanolic extracts of PS-cultured mycelia was 95.48 ± 0.20 %, higher than both of the control (69.94 ± 4.32 %) and fruiting body (79.22 %). The compositional analysis of C. konishii leaves PS was carried out by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The result showed that C. konishii leaves PS composed of galactosamine (5.15 ± 0.13), galactose (3.75 ± 0.11), glucose (2.00 ± 0.14), mannose (1.86 ± 0.24), myo-inositol (0.48 ± 0.06), fucose (0.47 ± 0.05), and sorbitol (0.27 ± 0.05 %). Four lanostane-type compounds: dehydroeburicoic acid, eburicoic acid, dehydrosulphurenic acid, sulphurenic acid were purified from the ethanolic extracts of cultured A. camphorata mycelia. These compounds also exist in the fruiting body.
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Chen, Chin-Chu, and 陳勁初. "Functional activities and safety of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99360900326762952765.
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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>生命科學系<br>95<br>Antrodia camphorata (Chan-Ku) is a new and exclusive fungus parasitic on the inner wall of the heart wood of endemic evergreen Cinnamomun kanehirai Hay in Taiwan. It has been utilized as traditional herb for the treatment of food and drug intoxications, diarrhea, abnormal pains, hypertension and liver cancer.
A. camphorata could grow on the simple saw-dust agars no matter from Cinnamomum kanehirae or Cinnamomum subavenium, and that is dosage dependent. Saw-dust from C. kanehirae also could promote the growth rate of A. camphorata on PDA. Some promoting ingredients are water soluble, but some are solube in alcohol or ethyl acetate. Some major components of essential oil from C. kanehirae such as 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, safrole and camphor would inhibit the growth of several mushroom at lower concentration, but would make A. camphorata grow better at the same concentration. It is therefore assumed that the host specificity of A. camphorata is due to the selective inhibition of C. kanehirae essential oil.
Solid culture of its fruit body is still difficult, so submerged culture was developed at 50 Ton scale in a 50 rpm agitation, 0.5 vvm aeration, 25℃ condition. Whole broth turned into redness at 8th day after 1 % inoculating was concentrated at 55℃ and lyophilized. The product is proven as safe after evaluation in Ames test, in vitro and in vivo chromosomal damage in mammalian cell, 1-day, 28-day, 90-day feeding toxicity and teratogenicity studies. It also could increase NK cell cytotoxicity of BALB/C mice at double suggested dose after 9 week feeding. IL-2 & INF-γ secretion of spleen cell also could be enhanced even at half dose of suggestion but that of IL-5 be inhibited. After stimulated with ova, IL-2 & INF-γ were enhanced at suggested dose and even at half of the dose, lyophilized A.camphorata broth still could inhibit IL-4 secretion.
The volatile components from the fruiting bodies, the liquid cultured broth of Antrodia camphorata, and Cinnamomum kanehirae wood were separately isolated by steam distillation-solvent extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the fruiting bodies, a COX-2 inhibitor 2, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) was found to be the most abundant constituent, but was totally absent in its cultured broth and its natural host, C. kanehirae wood. On feeding with the acid-digested sawdust of C. kanehirae wood or vanillin to the broth for culture, TMBA was produced in both cultured broths.
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Lin, Jyh-Yuan, and 林志遠. "Study on the fructification of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88531307121779124191.
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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>生物技術研究所<br>93<br>Abstract
The fruit body of medicinal fungus, Antrodia camphorata (also known as Zang-Zhi), is a unique traditional medicine originally used by native Taiwanese. It only parasites inside the hollow trunk of Cinnamonum kanehirae. This plants have been became less and less due to illegal cut to search Zang-Zhi for medical use in past decades, so it’s more and more difficult to find A. camphorata’s fruit bodies. In many medicinal usages, anti-cancer efficiency is the most noticeable one. By adding the methanolic extracts of A. camphorata into HepG2 or Hep3B cell cultures, previous report showed that the efficiency of inhibiting cell viability of fruit body appeared five fold than mycelia’s. The methanolic extracts of A. camphorata’s fruit body and mycelia had great difference from our HPLC analytical result. The compounds of retention time 9.9 min and 10.0 min are specifically only found in the fruit body. Those two compounds might have special contribution to medicinal treatment.
The culture of A. camphorata on solid medium to induce fruit body formation has been shown difficult since many of its physiological and developmental processes are still unclear. From our primary result, C. kanehirae logs existed with A. camphorata’s primordia could easily grow up by increasing humidity to 95% RH, but only at the peripheral and the bottom sides of trunk can maintain its fruit bodies, the fruit bodies located on the upside part will tend to wild, this phenomena showed somewhat difference from general mushrooms. Culturing A. camphorata’s mycelia in MEA medium to test fructification, we found that the mechanical wounded to the hyphae would contribute to fruit body formation, but found it was unstable. Furthermore, a combination of mechanical wounded and microbial treatments could significantly transform cultural hyphae to a fruit body-like structure and even more stable. The HPLC results showed the methanoic extracts of this structure were similar to the wild fruit bodies. Besides, increasing the humidity and air stimulating could let the mycelial color changed to reddish color and increased the methanolic extracts of mycelia.
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Chang, Yi-Ting, and 張怡婷. "The Anti-tumor Activity of Antrodia Camphorata." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72319172221546508575.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>藥理學研究所<br>92<br>Antrodia camphorata, or ”chang-chih” in its folk name, is a tree fungus that has been used by Taiwanese indigenes for years for its anti-inflammatory activity. Several compounds have been identified from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorate, such as triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, steroids, and polysaccharides. Previous researches indicated that zhankuic acid extracted from fruit body of A. camphorata exhibited cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia and aqueous extract of A. camphorata reduced the viability of HL-60 human leukemia cells. And yet no animal experiments and other aspects of anticancer activities of A. camphorata have been tested. My study aims at investigating the anticancer activity of a methanolic extract obtained from cultured mycelia of A. camphorate, termed ACME.
The extract shows markedly dose-dependent cytotoxicities against several cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays demonstrate that the cytotoxicity is due to cell apoptosis. The anticancer activity of ACME was investigated further in vivo using mouse bearing transplanted tumor cells. ACME significantly inhibits the growths of tumors both in the Lewis lung carcinoma and ML1-4A hepatoma animal models. Besides, we found ACME inhibits the migration of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) toward chemo-attractant and reduces MMP-9 but not MMP-2 secretion, suggesting ACME possesses an anti-metastatic principle. ACME also exhibits anti-angiogenesis activities in an endothelia cell migration assay and blood vessel formation in a semi in vivo chicken chorioallantonic membrane (CAM) assay. But no apparent differences are found in CD31 immunohistochemistry of ML1-4A primary tumors from either control animal or animal treated with ACME, indicating the tumor-inhibiting activity is not due to angiogenesis inhibition.
The active anticancer ingredient and its detailed molecular action mechanism in A. camphorate warrant further investigation.
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Wang, Hsin-Yi, and 王心怡. "Chemical Constituents of Antrodia camphorata Submerged Whole Broth." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61481192973223050390.
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碩士<br>實踐大學<br>食品營養研究所<br>92<br>Antrodia camphorata is a well-known fungus that is believed to protect liver function. The study was on isolation and identification of the chemical constituents of Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth. Powder of Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth was extracted with MeOH at room temperature three times (1d each time). The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue which was suspended in water, and this phase was partitioned with ethyl acetate three times. The combined ethyl acetate layers afforded a black syrup which was separated y open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, flash column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization to afford 16 compounds. Among these compounds, four are new compounds and two are the first isolated from natural materials. These compounds are classified to 2 sterols, 4 aromatics, 2 furanoids, 2 lactones and 6 others. These compounds are all different from those in the fruit bodies of Antrodia camphorata.
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Chu, Hai-Wen, and 朱海文. "A study on timber cultivation of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85n2wm.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系碩士班<br>93<br>Antrodia camphorata is a parasitical medicinal fungus of the family Polyporaceae (Aphyllophorales) that grows slowly on the inner cavity of the endemic camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirai. Traditionally, it has been used for health, nutritional, and therapeutic benefits to human hosts including antioxidation, vasorelaxation, antihepatitis B surface antigen, immunomodulatory, and tumorigenic diseases. A. camphorata is well known in Taiwan under the name of “niu-chan-ku” or “chang-chih”, mainly used in the formulation of neutraceuticals and functional foods, and is commercially available in the form of either fermented wine or pure culture in powder, tablet, or capsule form. The growth rate of natural A. camphorata is extremely slow, and the quantity of wild fungus is not sufficient for commercial exploitation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for mass production of A. camphorata fruiting bodies for health benefits. Accordingly, an object of the present study is to provide a process suitable for getting the fruiting bodies of A. camphorata from C. kanehirai. For this purpose, we have tested five isolates of A. camphorata, namely BCRC 35716, BCRC 35396, BCRC 35398, wild type-I, and wild type-II for their potential fruiting bodies production from C. kanehirai, in solid state and submerged bottle cultivations with controlled, and unctrolled CO2 for six months. Further, we have also studied the effect of C. kanehirai timber sterilization time for the A. camphorata fruiting bodies production against all the above five isolates for ten months. Among the five strains of A. camphorata studied, solid state cultivation of BCRC 35716, BCRC 35396 and BCRC 35398 produced significant amount of fruiting bodies from C. kanehirai when CO2 was controlled at 1% for six months, while submerged cultivation was relatively unfavourable for the fruiting bodies production. Interesting point mentioned here is that both the wild type strains are not favourable for A. camphorata fruiting bodies production from C. kanehirai under these experimental conditions. On the other hand, among the five strains, and C. kanehirai timber sterilization time tested, the isolate of BCRC 35398 produced significant amount of fruiting bodies with 120 min sterilization time in ten months, where the cultivation conditions were maintained at 28 ℃, 95% humidity, and had no extra medium used.
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Yang, Teng-Wei, and 楊騰緯. "A study of Antrodia camphorata on wood cultivation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65751656068629254129.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>生物技術研究所<br>96<br>Antrodia camphorata is well known in Taiwan under the name of “niu-chan-ku” or “chang-chih”, and new combination of a medicinal fungus in Taiwan. Antrodia camphorata grows at a temperature ranging from 15℃ to 35℃, the most comfortable temperature will be 24℃ to 38℃, and cannot grow under 12℃ or over 36℃. In addition, Antrodia camphorata develops better in the dark, and grows extremely slowly on the inner wall of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay which the main habitat distributes altitude 450 to 2000 meter. The objective of this study was to simulate a natural circumstance which temperature controlled 28 ℃ with Relative Humidity over 95% and keep in the dark to proceed culture. (1) To build up the conditions of mycelium growth on the wood. (2) To observe the growth status of inoculable wood and mycelium that was stimulated by temperature. (3) To create the best cultivation conditions with mycelium growth prophase and transformation of Antrodia camphorata fruiting bodies. By observed growth status of Antrodia camphorata to find out the best conditions.
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Lin, Chai Whay, and 林載輝. "Nutraceutical Effects of Food-Ingredient Cultured Antrodia Camphorata." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02531842881238918127.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>102<br>Antrodia camphorata aka A. camphorata is a basidiomycete in Polyporaceae, which causes brown heart rot in Cinnamomun kanehirai hay (Lauraceae), has been utilized in traditional Taiwan medicine. Crude extracts of A. camphorata in different models, in vivo and in vitro studies, show its pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer activities, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hepatitis B virus replication, anti-oxidant activities, hepatoprotective activities, prevention of liver fibrosis, neuroprotective effects, antihypertensive effects and vasorelaxation effects. It was tried to make a solid medium of food-ingredient, instead of Cinnamomun kanehirai wood chuck, to raise the A. camphorata fruiting body to be a better substituted source to produce the functional food, A. camphorata. In present study, A. camphorata raised on different types of food-ingredient media was used to figure out the best culture condition with high nutraceutical products such as triterpenoids and polysaccharide concentration, and used to compare with the submerged culture of A. camphorata for their nutritional contents. Nutraceutical effects were evaluated by measuring their antioxidant effects (DPPH assay) after extracting by methanol or hot water from A. camphorata. Results showed oat-meal cultured A. camphorata had the thickest fruiting body and highest dried weight (average= 1.3g/ culture plate). Component analysis showed oat-meal cultured A. camphorata contained 9% triterpenoid. Food-ingredient solid medium had high concentration of triterpenoid produced by A. camphorata fruiting body (9%), which was higher than that produced by submerged-cultured mycelia (1.73%). This could be a high efficiency and cheaper way to produce A. camphorata. The extracts of A. camphorata polysaccharides and triterpenoids was also investigated for their effects on stimulating cytokine expression in mouse splenocytes, of which ten cytokines, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-, TNF-α, GMCSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF, were chosen and analyzed. Results showed that most of them were significantly expressed by treating with the extracts of A. camphorata.
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Wang, Wei, and 王威. "Application of Antrodia camphorata extraction waste in aquaculture." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b97kvc.
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碩士<br>義守大學<br>生物科技學系<br>107<br>Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a folk medicinal herb used in anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, antitoxic and alcohol-sobering for a long time. Recent studies have discovered that AC extract has pharmacological activity of anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-bacterial functions. The amount of extraction waste from the wood-cultivated AC extraction waste (ACEW) is estimated to be several tones per year in Taiwan, which might cause environmental concerns. Application of ACEW in aquaculture could potentially increase its economic value.
At the beginning of this study, the total amounts of triterpenoids and polysaccharides of ACEW were quantified as 2.91 mg/g and 42.4 mg/g, respectively, for the ultrasonic extracted sample. Next, ACEW was used as feed additive for zebrafish culture. ACEW significantly inhibited the growth of microorganism in the stand-alone tank. For 10% ACEW diet, compared to the control, the total biomass reduced 39.4% at day 5. The feed efficiency of zebrafish with 10% ACEW diet for 30 days was 1.22-fold to that of the control. ACEW improved the tolerances of zebrafish under the heat and cold stresses. When the water temperature reached 38°C or 11°C, respectively, all fish of the control group died; while the 10% ACEW diet group still had 91.7% and 83.3% survival rate, respectively. The wound recovery of zebrafish in half-length caudal fin amputation was promoted from 68.4% to 93% with 10% ACEW diet for 3-week regeneration. There were no significant differences between the 10% ACEW diet group and the control group in tank water pH, fertility and hatching rate. After 30 days of feeding with 10% ACEW and then using oxazolone to induce acute ulcerative colitis, as a prevention model, the expression of colitis-associated cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β can be significantly reduced to 46.7% and 42%, respectively. But for the therapeutic model, i.e. induced colitis first and then fed ACEW, ACEW had no obvious effect on inhibiting inflammation for 1, 3 or 5-day treatment. In summary, feeding ACEW can increase the resistance to dramatic temperature changes, feed utilization, caudal fin regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity of zebrafish. Therefore, the waste extracted from AC fruiting body has the application potential in aquaculture.
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Chi, Hsiang-Hui, and 紀湘慧. "Thioredoxin reductase from Antrodia camphorata： cloning, expression and properties." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23144718572575418408.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>95<br>Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to study antioxidant enzyme. A full length cDNA of 1273 bp encoding a putative thioredoxin reductase (TR) from Antrodia camphorata fruit body was cloned by PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 343 amino acid residues. Analysis of its sequence revealing the distribution by binding domains is as follows：The N-terminal FAD binding domain is a glycine-rich GSGPAG motif at position 29. Then, the central NADPH-binding domain contains an active site comprising the redox-acitive disulfide between C-161 and C-164（motif CAVC）and a glycine –rich GGGDSA motif at position 180. The basic residues R-204 and R-209 that contact the 2′-phosphate group of NADP are also found. The C-terminal FAD binding domain, there are residues 297-298（TS）, 302-304（VFA）, 306-307（GD）, involved in FAD binding, and a glycine-rich SSGCMA motif at position 321.
To further characterize the A. camphorata TR, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector pYEX-S1 and transformed into S. cerevisiae. The expression of the A. camphorata TR was purified by Ni2+ -nitrilotriacetic acid Sepharose superflow column. The purified enzyme were estimated to be about 37 kDa by 10 % SDS-PAGE. The Km values of A. camphorata TR for DTNB was determined 1740.95 ± 210.57 μM. The Km values of A. camphorata TR for Trx was determined 2.10 ± 0.45 μM. The enzyme retained 77 % activity after heating at 60 ℃ for 2 min. The enzyme activity was inhibited under pH 2.5. The enzyme retained 76 % activity under 0.1 M imidazole treatment. The enzyme showed 50 % activity after 10 min of incubation at 37 ℃ with chymotrypsin. The enzyme showed 61 % activity after 5 min of incubation at 37 ℃ with trypsin.
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Wang, Wei-Min, and 王威閔. "Parasexual Crosses of Antrodia Camphorata By nuclear transfer method." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01748276587240850255.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>89<br>Antrodia camphorata , is considered the most precious and unique fungus in Taiwan. It was also nicknamed as “Ruby of Taiwan”. It has been utilized as an antidote in the treatment for cancer, hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan folk medicine. Studies indicated that steroid acid and other active components could be isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. comphorata. But it was still unsuccessful to reproduce the fruiting body through mycelium cultivation. However, the rapid progress in biotechnology has made the mass production of these active components possible, by scale-up fermentation of the mycelium of A. comphorata.
The conventional methods for fungi breeding mainly depends on the successful protoplast fusion technology. In our studies, a nuclei transfer method was developed and used for A. comphorata breeding. Two parental stocks of A. comphorata ( C96 and C98 ) were purchased from Culture Collection and Research Center(CCRC). The nuclei were isolated and purified from protoplast of mycelium treated by Novozyme 234. The isolated nuclei from C96 and C98 were transferred into C98 and C96 protoplasts, respectively, to regenerate new A. comphorata hybrids. In the beginning, 10 groups of hybrids with a differential characteristic in colony were obtained after the first subculture. Finally, 13 stable hybrid strains (designated as S68A S68B S68C S68D S68E S68F S68G S69H S68I S68J and S86A S86B S86C) were generated through a serial of subculture and clonization process.
Different culture conditions, including 3 temperature of 19.5 27.5 35.5 C and 3 media of BM MEA PDA, had been tested to differentiate these 13 hybrid strains. The morphology and pigment production of fungal colonies were compared and distinct from each other under some culture conditions. The AFLP DNA fingerprinting assay with 64 pairs of primers was further used to study the genotype of hybrid strains. Results showed that E1M3, E2M4, E4M6, and E7M3, 4 out of the 64 primer pairs, were able to distinguish the PCR-amplification products of C96 from those of C98. Using these 4 primer pairs, we had completed the genotype identification of 13 hybrid strains and compared these data with those of their parental stocks, C96 and C98. The results demonstrated that these 13 hybrid strains were distinct in both genotype and phenotype and they should be identified as new strains of A. comphorata.
In our studies, we demonstrated the success of parasexual reproduction of A. comphorata by transferring nuclei into protoplast. In addition to the morphological classification method, the AFLP DNA fingerprinting method could be utilized for identification of hybrid strains and their parental stocks. In this report, 13 new strains of A. comphorata were obtained and identified.
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侯吉蒲. "Development of Hyperproduction of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and metabolites." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95291046196862009122.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>生化與生醫工程研究所<br>92<br>Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is one of the medicinal fungi that been widely used for the treatment of food intoxication, abdominal pain, diabetes, detoxification, and also has effective anticancer activity. The species is known only in Taiwan and is restricted to Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay, also endemic to Taiwan. Generally, it is becoming difficult to find A. camphorata in the forest because of its slow growing fruiting body. We develop submerged culture to gain a great deal of A. camohorata mycelia for its metabolite, polysaccharide.
In this study we tried and analyzed different physical factors, such as agitation, inoculation density etc. and various chemical factors, such as the components of medium and the relation between pellet sizes and production of polysaccharide by adding other compounds. The results showed that A. camphorata B137 grew faster and produce more extracellular polysaccharide. Inoculation density of 6% had the highest concentration of polysaccharide. The production of extracellular polysaccharide was improved by using baffles.
The results show differenr additives with different concentration have different effect to pellet growing and polysaccharide production. Most additives could higher the percentages of smaller pellets, but very small and very large pellets were not good for polysaccharide production. Finally, we tried to design new airlift bioreactor to control the pellet size and researched the influence of pellet size on cell growth and polysaccharide production.
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Liau, Yi-Jen, and 廖怡珍. "2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Antrodia camphorata : expression, and properties." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01308003126944464974.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>94<br>Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. A Gene encoding 2-Cys Prx isozyme (2-Cys Prx1) was identified in the expressed sequence tag data base of the Antrodia camphorata, a medicinal mushroom found only in Taiwan. Full-length cDNA of 942 bp encoding the putative 2-Cys Prx from fruiting bodies of A. cam. was cloned by PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence is well-conserved among the reported 2-Cys Prx including the two Cys residues (Cys 48 and 170). To further characterize the A. cam. 2-Cys Prx1, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector pAVD10 and transformed into E. coli. The recombinant 6His-tagged Prx1 was expressed and purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid Sepharose column. The purified enzyme showed two forms by 10 % SDS-PAGE. The enzyme retained 60% activity at 60℃ for 2.5 min. The enzyme was activity under a broad range of pH from 5-11. The enzyme activity lost 59.5% in the presence of 2 % SDS. The enzyme showed 57.1% activity after 40 min of incubation at 37℃ with typsin. The study of the enzyme’s properties was beneficial for the applications of Prx1 in medicine or as health food.
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LIU, REN-PU, and 劉仁溥. "Evaluation of anti-fatigue properties of Antrodia camphorata drink." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37549007054694554961.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>運動與健康科學學院<br>104<br>Antrodia camphorata is an endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan and has been reported to have multi-biological activities such as anti-fatigue, liver protection, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation. This study was designed to ascertain the ergogenic and anti-fatigue properties of an A. camphorata drink (ACD) (comprising A. camphorata, Pueraria flos flowers, Hovenia dulcis Thunb, and Crataegus pinnatifida) by forelimb grip strength, load-weighted swimming test, and biochemical examinations in mouse model. Thirty male ICR mice (5-week-old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): (1) vehicle; (2) a recommended dosage of 15 mg per 75 mL once per day for adult human (ACD-1X); (3) a 2-fold of recommended usage for adult human (ACD-2X). Mice were given orally either vehicle or A. camphorate drink by gavage for 28 days. The groups ACD-1X and ACD-2X showed significant increases in forelimb grip strength, swimming time to exhaustion skeletal, and muscle glycogen as compared to the vehicle group. Blood lactate and ammonia levels in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups were significantly lower than in the vehicle group post a swimming test. Moreover, the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscular damage, was significantly decreased in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups than vehicle group after swimming exercise. These results suggest that A. camphoratahas great potential for application in relevant fields for its ergogenic and anti-fatigue activities.
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Fan, Chen-Chi, and 范真綺. "Study on Biological Activities of Antrodia camphorata Mycelial Fractions." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84049068570817398337.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>化學工程系<br>91<br>Chang-Zhi, namely Antrodia camphorata, is an endemic species in Taiwan, which was used for food and medicine. This study we used mycelia obtained by solid stage and liquid fermentation for further experiments. Mycelia were extracted by ethanol and following partitions were extracted by n-Hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and ethanol (EtOH) formation.
Ethanol extractions from Antrodia camphorata mycelia produced by solid and liquid stage fermentation were further used in the tests of antibiosis, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. The following microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. Choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas glumae, Listeria monocttogenes, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, and Fusarium moniliforme, were investigated for antibiotic examination by using double layers plate method. Except for Pe. citrinum, both extractions of mycelia (0.1g/mL) fermented by solid and liquid stage fermentation evidently contained antibiosis activity to inhibit the growth or sporulation of upper microorganisms.
Scavenging effect of DPPH• (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) by ethanol extracts of solid stage fermentation was identically better more than that of liquid stage fermentation. Reaction after 30 minutes the scavenging effect on DPPH• comparison with ethanol extraction of solid and liquid stage fermentation (0.4mg/mL) showed that the activity of extraction is EA layer > EtOH layer > n-Hexan layer. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant status of hot water extracts by solid stage fermentation was better than that of by liquid stage fermentation.
Both ethanol extractions (1mg/mL) indicated the ability of antitumor activity to cervical cancer cell (HeLa), breast cancer cell (MCF-7), and gastric cancer cell (AGS) was acceptable. On n-Hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and ethanol (EtOH) formation, the inhibition antitumor cells comparison with solid and liquid stage fermentation proved that n-Hexane and EA layer was better than EtOH layer.
Mycelia hot water extracts (5mg/mL) by solid and liquid stage fermentation inhibited the HeLa and AGS tumor cell viabilities. On the ethanol precipitate (5mg/mL) obtained from solid stage fermentation in antitumor HeLa, MCF-7 AGS, and Hep G2 cells was better than that from liquid stage fermentation.
The polysaccharides of hot water extractions from A. camphorata mycelia eluted through dialysis membrane (M.W. 3000) or precipitated in ethanol indicated that liquid stage fermentation was always higher than those by solid stage fermentation. The molecular weight of polysaccharides of solid and liquid stage fermentations eluted through gel filtration chromatograph (GPC) was over 106 Da, which was higher than that of by alcohol precipitate method.
Evidently, the functional activities of ethanol extractions and hot water extracts of A. camphorata mycelia in antibiotic, antioxidant, and antitumor were proved from both of solid and liquid stage fermentations.
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Chen, Chia-Jung. "Structure and functions of -dodecalactone isolated from Antrodia camphorata." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2607200820413100.
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Ling, Shih-Ting, and 凌士廷. "Studies on cultivation and compounds analysis of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05367682015211319562.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>生化科技研究所碩士班<br>98<br>Antrodia camphorata (Niu-Chang-Chih or Niu-Chan-Ku), Polyporaceae, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used for centuries in Taiwan for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including alcohol and drug intoxication, skin itching and, cancer. A. camphorata is grown on the hardwood of endemic species Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay (Lauraceae). A. camphorata is consisting of various bioactive compounds include terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, benzoquinone derivatives, succinic and maleic derivatives, in addition to polysaccharides. In this study, we found that that the cultivation temperature, relative humidity and the light have significant effect on the growth of A. camphorata in the wood cultivation method. We also found that the wood cultivation period has noticeable effect on the thickness of the grown mycelium and its morphology.
On the other hand, our results also indicated that there is a significant variation in the yield of triterpenoids from the wood grown mycelium as well as fruiting bodies. We have quantitatively determined the major triterpenoids using HPLC in the wood cultivation grown primary and secondary mycelium of A. camphorata at different growth periods. Furthermore, the HPLC triterpenoids quantitative data from our wood cultivation grown A. camphorata were compared with commercial samples.
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Wu, Jien-Wen, and 吳建文. "Using animal cells to monitor the bioactivity of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00745025414192268079.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>生物資訊與結構生物研究所<br>93<br>Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a particular fungus in Taiwan. Many papers have showed that it is a good source of anti-oxidant and anti-cancer ability in recent years. Wild Antrodia camphorata parasitizes specifically on Cinnamomum kanehirai hays in a small quantity and its quality is not stable.
Recent years, Antrodia camphorata was tried to be produced on large scale by submerged culture. Thus, building up a bioactivity index for Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture is important.
In this study, quinone reductase (QR) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells were used to measure the bioactivity of Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture under different conditions.
It was found that the fermentation broth in the late fermentation period is more powerful to induce QR in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. QR in Hepa 1c1c7 cells was found to increase with the fermentation time initially and then it reduced. The tendency of QR induction was similar to that of total phenolic compounds in the fermentation broth and was thought to be related. It was also found that the fermentation broth at a less aeration rate can stronger induce QR specific activity than that at a larger aeration rate. This tendency is reversed to that of the polysaccharides quantity in fermentation broth.
From the results it was concluded that QR may be a workable index for Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture.
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Chen, Chia-Jung, та 陳家榮. "Structure and functions of γ-dodecalactone isolated from Antrodia camphorata". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98760647608558418429.
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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生化科學研究所<br>96<br>In Taiwan, Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a traditional Chinese medicine and it has been utilized to treat a wide variety of diseases. However, the immuno-activating function of the flavor components from A. camphorata had not yet been investigated. In the present work, the volatile oil of A. camphorata was analyzed with the aim of isolating and identifying the major flavor compound and investigating the relationship between the chemical structure and biological functions of compound. The major component of A. camphorata volatile oil was identified as gamma-dodecalactone (gamma-DDL) by GC/MS analysis. By GC and flow cytomertry analysis, suggested that gamma-DDL entered the cells for the induction of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCB-MNCs) phenotypic changes and activation of NK cells. gamma-DDL was found to convert its open ring form: 4-hydroxydodecanoic acid for the activation of NK cells. The active configuration of gamma-DDL was deduced with the help of chiral derivatising agents (CDAs) and HPLC analysis. Only the R-configurated form of gamma-DDL was able to mediate NK cell activation. Furthermore, the configuration of gamma-DDL was identified in A. camphorata also as R-form. Finally, gamma-DDL induced rapid activation of interferon-2 (IL-2) gene in NK cells and the IL-2 autocrine system to activate NK cells. gamma-DDL also induced the activation of T cells, B cells, monocytes and DCs, but there might be different mechanisms of activation.
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Chunwei, Wu, and 吳俊緯. "The hepatoprotective effect of liquid extractive Antrodia camphorata for rats." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91000160434311115790.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>94<br>Antrodia camphorata is a unique species of fungus that only growes on Cinnamomum kanehirai in Taiwan. It is recognized as traditional herb for its liver protective function in Taiwan aborigines. It has long been known that liver disease is one of the top ten killers in Taiwan. Therefore, it is important to develop medicine that curing liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of liquid extractive Antrodia camphorate (LEAC), which is the water extract of solid form of Antrodia camphorata fermentation, and to see if the LEAC might help liver function.
The present study used Wistar rats as our study animal . Twenty rats were divided into five groups: Normal control (Background control no CCl4 was introduced), Negative control (CCl4 alone and feed only with solvent), Test group one [the CCl4+silymarin (positive drug control)], Test group two (CCl4+1X LEAC), and Test group three (CCl4+5X LEAC.)
Our results showed that the LEAC might have liver protective function as our data in test groups. Either 1X or 5X LEAC could reduce the liver damages that caused by CCl4. These results could be demonstrated by the significantly decreased serum levels of GOT and GPT after feeding 1X and 5X LEAC, LEAC can also reduce the content of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum. In addition, the antioxidant status in liver of rats were tested. The content of glutathione did not show significantly decrease among five groups, but feeding LEAC significantly restored the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD. The activities of catalase rose after feeding LEAC, but the effect isn’t significant.
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Ou, Kuei-Ren, and 歐貴仁. "Purification and Characterization of the Hepatoprotective Constituents from Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25480604465586137793.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>藥理學研究所<br>94<br>Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a unique fungus found only in the natural habitat in Taiwan and has been used by indigenous people as a medicinal botanical for a variety of illness. Previous researches indicate the AC possesses some antioxidant activities, capable of reducing toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), including anti-oxidative stress as indicated by enzyme assays and anti-fibrosis as indicated by histochemical staining. However, the active ingredient of AC and its action mechanism is still unknown. The present investigation aims at studying the hepatoprotective activity and principle from the fermented filtrate of AC (AC-FF). Using a cultured hepatic stallate cell (HSCs) line, an animal model with an eight-week treatment schedule of CCl4, we found that AC-FF indeed can protect liver from damage exerted by CCl4 as judged by (1) serum enzyme assays: GPT and GOP; (2) hepatic enzymes assays, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; (3) histochemical staining of collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and assay of hydroxyproline, all these three are used as indicators of liver fibrosis. We investigated further by purifying to almost homogeneity from AC-FF an ingredient, named AC-X, which possesses the same hepatoprotecive activities as AC-FF but at a much lower concentration. One of the major indicators of liver fibrosis is the activation of HSCs, which is activated by the oxidative press exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn is generated by damaged hepatocyte upon the treatment of CCl4. Using these parameters we found that both AC-FF and AC-X act to protect hepatocytes by (1) suppressing serum GPT and GOT; (2) down regulating ROS; (3) down regulating α-SMA which is expressed following the activation of HSCs; and (4) reducing the expression of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), another indicator of HSCs activation. The results combined suggest strongly that Antrodia camphorata possesses some liver protection principles worthy of further detailed investigation.
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Weng, Hsiao-Shamn, and 翁筱姍. "Studies on liquid culture and component analysis of Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95798023685890746953.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所<br>92<br>Antrodia camphorata, identified as a new strain, is a valuable medicinal fungus, which grows extremely slowly on the inner wall of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay. It has the desirable detoxification and anti-cancer properties; hence, it is sold as an expensive Chinese herbal medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of modification of a single element in the cultural medium and different durations of fermentation culture on the growth rates, components, and metabolites of A. camphorata and its mycelia. This study also focused on the isolation, identification and purification of isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy) phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (C1) from A. camphorata mycelia and the development of HPLC analytical method using C1 as a marker to determine the quality of A. camphorata mycelia and their metabolites. Results of the study showed that culturing in shaking flasks at pH 5.0 for 20 days, the total mycelium weight produced was 0.434 g/100 ml, and 0.544 g/100 ml in a medium using yeast extracts as nitrogen source, and 0.944 g/100 ml in a medium using fructose as nitrogen source. The C1 content was the highest when mycelia were cultured in shaking flasks with a medium containing 2 % yeast extracts, 2% fructose, and 0.1 % peptone at pH 6.0. However, the C1 content was the highest in filtered solution of the metabolites of mycelia cultured in a medium containing 2% yeast extracts, 2% glucose, and 0.1% peptone at pH 5.0. In addition, the C1 content was the highest when mycelia were cultured in a bioreactor for 5 days and also the highest in the metabolites when mycelia were cultured in a medium solution for 14 days.
Keywords: Antrodia camphorata, bioreactor, mycelium, metabolite
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陳虹華. "Study on Bioactive Components of Antrodia camphorata from Fermentation Culture." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99753813314389540847.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>100<br>Antrodia camphorata parasitized only in the inner cavity of the rotten trunk of Cinnamonum kanehirae Hay., an important endemic tree species in Taiwan. In this study, A. camphorata mycelial strains were identified using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and, then, 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl- 1,3-benzodioxol and 4-acetylantroquinonol B were used as two marker components to investigate the components in the fermented products of different A. camphorata mycelia strains grown on different culturing media in different harvest time using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Meanwhile, the antioxidant bioactivities including inhibition of tyrosinase, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and reducing ability were tested in vitro using A. camphorata fruit bodies which were grown on different culturing media and in different harvested time. Results showed that A. camphorata mycelia which were grown on solid substrates, especially those grown on red coix had the highest content of 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxol (7579.4± 95.6 μg/g dry weight (D.W.)). Meanwhile, A. camphorata mycelia which were grown on Taiken 9 brown rice had highest 4-acetylantroquinonol B content (3182.6± 159.4 μg/g D.W.) and the content was of more than 5 times than those harvested from other culturing substrates. However, both of the two components were low in fruit bodies of A. camphorata. The 75% ethanol extract of fruit bodies of A. camphorata had the highest inhibition ability of tyrosinase (50.4± 2.3%) when the dose was at 1000 μg/mL. The 100% methanol extract of the mycelia harvested from red coix had highest DPPH free radical scavenging ability and SC50 was at 148.7 μg/mL. Moreover, the mycelia harvested from red coix had the highest reducing ability.
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wei, Li yu, and 李雨薇. "The anti-angiogenic effect of Antrodia camphorata mycelia fermentation broth." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99495237761440039705.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>生化與生醫工程研究所<br>95<br>Antrodia camphorata is a Taiwan-unique medicinal fungus that been widely used for the treatment of food intoxication, detoxification and also has effective antitumor activity. Generally, it is becoming difficult to find A. camphorata in the forest because of its slow growing fruiting body. We develop submerged culture to gain deal of A. camphorata mycelia for its metabolite.
The main purposes of this study were to characterize A. camphorata mycelia fermentation broth (AC-MFB), and investigate its potential anti-angiogenic effect. The anti-angiogenic capability of AC-MFB was investigated by cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation assay using endothelial cells. Several essential molecular mechanisms of anti-angiogenesis were also investigated, including regulation on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and its inhibition of hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) under DFO induced hypoxic condition in mouse adenocarcinoma (CT26), hepatoma (1MEA.7R) and human hepatoma cell lines (HA22T). We also used chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as in vivo model. The results showed decreased endothelial cells viability by AC-MFB in both dose and time-dependent manners. AC-MFB also inhibited the migration and tube formation in endothelial cells. Moreover AC-MFB reduced nuclear localization of HIF-1α and VEGF expression in CT26, HA22T and 1MEA.7R in the presence of DFO stimulation. In CAM assay, the result showed that AC-MFB could inhibition the development of blood vessel. In conclusion, AC-MFB not only suppressed endothelial viability, migration and tube formation, but also had inhibition effects on HIF-1α and VEGF.
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Yang, Huei-Ru, and 楊惠茹. "Anti-fatigue effects of an ethanolic extract from Antrodia camphorata." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38991175170329887312.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>運動科學研究所<br>100<br>Antrodia camphorata (AC) is an endemic mushroom that grows in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to determine the fatigue-alleviating effects of AC on endurance capacity in weight-loading and exercised mice. Thirty male ICR mice (5-week-old) were divided into three groups (n=10 per group): (1) vehicle; (2) 50 mg/kg of AC (AC-50); (3) 200 mg/kg of AC (AC-200). Mice were given orally either vehicle or AC by gavage for 7 days. The AC group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in liver glycogen (20.70 ± 1.64, 21.59 ± 1.55 v. s 14.28 ± 2.26 mg/g) and muscle glycogen (2.07 ± 0.08, 2.20 ± 0.07 v. s 1.72 ± 0.05 mg/g), forelimb grip strength (142±1, 142±4 v. s 125±5 g), and swimming time to exhaustion (113.6±12.1, 152.8±9.8 v. s 70.9 ±15.7 min) as compared to the vehicle group. Blood lactate ((5.9±0.4, 5.2 ±0.3 v.s 7.5±0.4 mmol/L) and ammonia (283±20, 257±15 v.s 438±18 μmol/L) levels in the AC groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the vehicle group at 15 min after a swimming test. Moreover, the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscular damage, was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the AC groups than vehicle group after swimming (33±3, 26±2 v.s 56±8 U/L). These results suggest that increase in swimming endurance by the administration of AC is caused by an increase in deposition of liver and muscle glycogen as an energy source. AC may have potential for use in ergogenic and anti-fatigue activities.
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Chuang, Sheng-Yen, and 莊笙彥. "Discussion the optimal liquid Antrodia camphorata apply whitening effect analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34495148651356929677.
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碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>健康科技研究所<br>102<br>Many studies have confirmed. The tyrosinase is a key enzyme that melanoma cell produce melanin. Therefore, in assessing the whitening cosmetics and development process. Find out which tyrosinase inhibitors are the key of whitening. This study will use different formulations to liquid culture of the Antrodia camphorata. Collection the mycelium on different time. Extract the mycelium on a different solution. Take some extract solution sample to test tyrosinase inhibition assay and use the HPLC to analysis ingredient and MTT assay to cytotoxicity. We hope in the experiment can find inhibit melanin production of active ingredients. To make active ingredients have some whitening effect. The extraction solvent has methanol, distilled water and ethyl acetate. The results show. The Antrodia camphorata cultured in different liquid medium in 10 days, 15 days and 20 days. We analysis the dry weight by statistical. The P0.5 have a significant difference in 15 days and 20 days. The rest of the conditions are not significantly different. In the tyrosinase inhibition test. The best tyrosinase inhibition effect is the ethyl acetate extract solution. The highest inhibition rate have 25.8%. In HPLC chromatogram. The liquid Antrodia camphorata extract peaks mostly concentrated on the 30 to 40 minutes by methanol and water extract. But the ethyl acetate extract sample is ending on 200 min. Although peaks height is less than the methanol and water extract. We can see the ethyl acetate extractbeing more composition than methanol and water extract. Diverted the peak A, B, C, D and E from the sample, respectively tyrosine test. The test shows that the peak C and E are better than the other. In cell test. Diverted the peak A, B, C, D and E from sample, used the human fibroblast proliferation and human melanoma tumor cell inhibition test. The results can be found, peak B and peak C Effect is better by the human fibroblast proliferation test. The peak A and B have the inhibition effect of human melanoma tumor cell inhibition test. The peak C, D, E may can promote growth of the cell.
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Yu, Meng-Che, and 余孟哲. "Study of Antrodia camphorata combined with aspirin in transient MCAO." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7729dg.
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碩士<br>臺北醫學大學<br>醫學科學研究所<br>102<br>Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality in Taiwan. So far, there are no better medicine to treat stroke. Therefore, this disease always results a heavy social burden in taking care of patient.Antrodia camphorata, a native species of fungi in Taiwan,is considered as a dietary supplement due to the enrichment of triterpenoid. It has been widely used in liver disease or even cancertreatment. Recently, some studies also indicated that Antrodia camphorata maybe beneficial on the prevention and treatment of stroke and cardiovascular diseases,but the mechanism and possible side effect are not well known yet.Aspirin is the most commonly used drug in clinic for the treatment or prevention of stroke, but many studies indicated aspirin has a higher risk of hemorrhage. Thus, to drug in the remedy of stroke with better effectiveness and less adverse effect is an important issue of stroke research.On the other hand, there are many patients in Taiwan concurrently takewestern medicine and health food to treat and prevent of stroke.Therefore, in the present study, wetreated aspirin combined with Antrodia camphoratato investigate their protective efficacy after ischemic stroke. In addition, we alsoestimate hemorrhagic side effects.
In this study, our results showed that treatment of Antrodia camphorata (0.25 or 0.75 g/kg) in the absence or presence of aspirin (5 mg/kg) by oral gavages daily after transient MCAO for two months markedly reduced infarct size and improved neurologic functions.We further observed several proteins, including iNOS, HO-1, Bax, and caspase-3, which are associated with brain injury. Our data revealed that Antrodia camphorate markedly decrease the expression of these proteins. Antrodia camphorata In addition, treatment of Antrodia camphorata combined with aspirin or not didn’t have side effects of hemorrhage such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), gastric bleeding (GB), and prothrombin time (PT).
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that given alone Antrodia camphorata (0.25 and 0.75 g / kg), aspirin (5 mg / kg) or with both has a potent neuroprotective activity. This activity is mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, resulting in a reduction of infarct volume and improvement in neurobehavior in rats with focal cerebral ischemia without hemorrhaging side effects. Therefore, Antrodia camphorata may represent high therapeutic potential and safe for treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Wang, Kai-Wen, and 王凱玟. "Evaluation of anti-fatigue properties of Antrodia camphorata and ginseng drink." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/935qpb.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>運動與健康科學學院<br>103<br>Antrodia camphorata and Panax ginseng are well-known medicinal plants in Taiwan folk and traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported for multifunctional bioactivities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, anti-oxidation and anti-fatigue. However, there is limited evidence that a fixed combination formula of these two plants extract is effective for the exercise improvement or anti-fatigue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of the mix formulation of these two herbal medicines (AG formulation) on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Male ICR mice from four groups (n = 10 per group) were orally administered AG formulation for 4 weeks at 0, 80, 240 and 480 mg/kg/day, which were respectively designated the Vehicle, AG-1X, AG-3X and AG-6X groups. The anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated using forelimb grip strength, exhaustive swimming time, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) after a 15-min swimming exercise. The exhaustive swimming time of the 3X and 6X AG group was significantly longer than that of Vehicle group and the AG supplementation group also significantly higher than that of Vehicle group. AG supplementation also produced dose-dependent decreases in serum lactate, BUN, ammonia, and CK activity after the 15-min swimming test. Therefore, the AG complex could be a potential formulation with an anti-fatigue pharmacological effect. This formulation could be further developed to commercial products for people who pursue of health promotion and this platform also could provide industrial to evaluate their products with specific bio-functional activity.
Keywords: Antrodia camphorata, Panax ginseng, anti-fatigue, lactate, ammonia, BUN, creatine kinase
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Lin, Hsin-Yi, and 林馨怡. "The study of submerged culture of Antrodia camphorata for antiaging cosmetics." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45012964237910897772.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>化學工程學系<br>96<br>Antrodia camphorata is an endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan. It is well known that the major effective components in this medical fungus are polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The bioactivity and efficacy of A. camphorate are still the main focus in many researches. The study expects to take the availability of antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity for developing new antiaging cosmetics. The submerged culture of A. camphorate produced abundant fermentation broth and mycelium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exopolysaccharides from broth and the extraction from mycelium in inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) secreted from 3T3 fibroblast. The analysis by gelatin zymography showed that exopolysaccharides at the concentration 3.5 mg/ml did inhibit the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. It also had well reducing power and DPPH redicals scavenging ability. The mycelium was extracted by microwave with the solvent of methanol, ethanol, and water. These three mycelium extracts all had obvious inhibition on MMP-2 and MMP-9, especially the water one. The mycelium extract by microwave with the solution of water had the inhibition 60% and 82% on MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, it had great antioxidant activity based on the reducing power determination and the DPPH radicals scavenging test. In conclusion, we suggest that exopolysaccharides and mycelium extracts from Antrodia camphorate do have the antiaging capacities and can be effective used in antiaging cosmetics.