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Colletti, Christina. "The Association of Parental Depressive Symptoms and Child Anxiety Symptoms: the Role of Specific Parenting Behaviors." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/51.
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A substantial literature indicates that children and adolescents living with a depressed caregiver are at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Although parental depression has been shown to have non-specific associations across child problems, researchers have begun to examine whether specific risk factors, such as parental depression, are associated with specific child outcomes, such as child anxiety. Parenting behavior has been identified as one potential mechanism for the transmission of depression and other psychopathology from parent to child. The extant literature supports this mechanism, as the parenting behaviors of mothers with and without a history of depression have been found to differ in important ways. Moreover, two separate literatures suggest that the same parenting behaviors are associated with both parental depression and child anxiety. The current study was designed to extend past research in the areas of parental depression, parenting, and child anxiety by examining parenting behavior as an explanatory mechanism for the association of parental depressive symptoms and child anxiety symptoms. Using a sample of parents with a history of depression and their 9- to 15-year old children, the current study examined four specific parenting behaviors (i.e., hostility, intrusiveness, withdrawal, and warmth), observed in the context of a stressful parent-child interaction task, as mediators of the association between parental depressive symptoms and both parent and child reports of child anxiety symptoms. Limited support was found for the meditational role of specific parenting behaviors in the association of parental depressive symptoms and child anxiety symptoms. Linear mixed-model analyses revealed an inverse and likely spurious relation between parental depressive symptoms and parent report of child anxiety symptoms. A significant positive association also emerged between parental depressive symptoms and observed parental withdrawal. No support was found for the other relations of the proposed mediation model. Possible reasons for the lack of significant findings are discussed.
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Santos, Joana Carvalho. "Balance and anxiety and depression symptoms in old age people." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14579.
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Mestrado em Gerontologia - Intervenção ComunitáriaBackground: Falls have a high incidence in old age people and it results in severe consequences representing a public health problem. Falls are the second worldwide cause of accidental deaths (1). The literature shows that people with high depression and anxiety symptoms have impaired balance and this is more problematic in old age people (12). Some studies have shown a relationship between depression/anxiety symptoms and balance (18) however little is known how just anxiety symptoms affect balance. It is also unknown which systems responsible for balance are more affected/preserved in this population in the absence or presence of different levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. Aim: The aims of this study were to explore: the balance differences between old age people with presence/absence of anxiety and depression symptoms and how balance may be affected/preserved by the different levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in the same population. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. The protocol included socio-demographic, anthropometric and general clinical data. Balance confidence was evaluated with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), the balance with the Balance Evaluation System Test (BESTest) and with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The level of significance considered was set at p<0.05. Results: 136 old age people with a mean age of 75.9±8.8 years old, participated in this study. All BESTest sections were significantly affected by the presence of anxiety or depression symptoms (p<0.001). Similar results were observed in BBS (p<0.001). However, the Reactive section presented the larger difference between present or not present (49.4±21.1 vs 84.2±14.9; p<0.001) of anxiety symptoms and present or not present (46.3±30.3 vs 88.5±15.3; p<0.001) depression symptoms. Participants’ balance confidence (ABC) was also decrease significantly in both of cases (respectively: p=0.010; p=0.001). The severity of the symptoms influenced significantly the balance (BBS (anxiety: p=0.013; depression: p=0.029) and BESTest (0.001
0.046). However, balance confidence shows not be significantly affected by the level of both of symptoms (anxiety: p=0.516; depression: p=0.274).
Conclusion: The presence of anxiety and depression symptoms significantly decreases balance performance and balance confidence in old age people. Additionally, the severity of symptoms significantly decreases balance performance but do not seem to significantly impact on balance confidence.
Enquadramento: As quedas apresentam uma elevada incidência em pessoas idosas, representando um problema de saúde pública. Estas são a segunda causa de mortes acidentais a nível mundial (1).
A literatura indica que pessoas com maior grau de sintomatologia ansiógena e depressiva tem o equilíbrio mais comprometido, e em pessoas idosas é ainda mais problemático (12). Alguns estudos mostram uma relação entre sintomas de depressão e ansiedade e equilíbrio (18), contudo, pouco se sabe, como apenas a ansiedade afeta o equilíbrio. É também desconhecido qual/quais são os sistemas responsáveis pelo equilíbrio mais afetados/preservados nesta população na ausência ou presença de diferentes níveis de sintomatologia ansiógena ou depressiva.
Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos explorar as diferenças no equilíbrio entre pessoas idosas com presença/ausência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e como o equilíbrio pode ser afetado/preservado pelos diferentes níveis de ansiedade e depressão na mesma população.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal quantitativo. O protocolo incluiu recolha de dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de clínica geral. A confiança no equilíbrio foi avaliada através da Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), o equilíbrio através do Balance Evaluation System Test (BESTest) e da Berg Balance Scale (BBS). O nível de significância considerado foi de p<0.05.
Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 136 pessoas idosas com uma média de idades de 75.9±8.8 anos. Todas as secções do BESTest mostraram ser significativamente afetadas quando estão presentes sintomas de ansiedade ou depressão (p<0.001). Resultados semelhantes foram observados na avaliação com a BBS (p<0.001). Contudo, a secção Respostas posturais reativas apresentou uma diferença maior aquando da presença versus ausência (49.4±21.1 vs 84.2±14.9; p<0.001) de sintomas de ansiedade e da presença vs ausência (46.3±30.3 vs 88.5±15.3; p<0.001) de sintomas depressivos. A confiança no equilíbrio (ABC) na presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão também diminuiu significativamente em ambos os casos (respetivamente: p=0.010; p=0.001).
A severidade dos sintomas influenciou significativamente o equilíbrio (BBS (ansiedade: p=0.013; depressão: p=0.029) e BESTest (0.001
0.046) No entanto, a confiança no equilíbrio não mostrou ser afetada significativamente pela severidade de ambos os sintomas (ansiedade: p=0.516; depressão: p=0.274). Conclusão: A presença de sintomas ansiógenos ou depressivos, nas pessoas idosas, afeta significativamente o equilíbrio e a auto perceção do equilíbrio. Este estudo demonstrou também que o equilíbrio diminui, significativamente, à medida que a severidade desses sintomas aumenta, mas a auto-perceção do equilíbrio não parece ser afetada.
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Arenas, Archie G. "The relationship among the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hangover." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527301.
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Mattar, Lama. "Depression and anxiety symptoms in anorexia nervosa : relationship with malnutrition markers." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066357.
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Bien que l’intrication entre la dénutrition et la présence de symptômes anxieux ou dépressifs dans l’anorexie mentale soit mentionnée largement dans la littérature, peu d’auteurs ont réalisé des études sur la variation du niveau d’anxiété et de dépression au cours de la renutrition des patients anorexiques. Ces études précédentes sont critiquables sur le plan méthodologiques et donnent plus des éléments préliminaires que des certitudes; en effet les effectifs sont petits mais surtout la mesure de l’état nutritionnel est rudimentaire; En effet celui-ci est le plus souvent évalué seulement par l’indice de masse corporel, sans aucune donnée biologique ni information sur la composition corporelle. Ce travail de thèse est désigné à confirmer le lien unissant la dépression, l’anxiété et l’état de dénutrition. Etude prospective multicentrique sur des sujets anorexiques mentaux issus de la population des anorexiques hospitalisées. Les patients ont été tous évalués à l’entrée et à la sortie par des questionnaires d’évaluation des symptômes psychologiques et par plusieurs indicateurs de l’état nutritionnel. Resultats: avoir pu valider la mesure par impédancemétrie de la composition corporelle chez les anorexiques dénutries. Ceci a permis de mieux évaluer l’état nutritionnel des anorexiques afin d’étudier la relation avec les symptômes anxio-dépressifs. A l’entrée d’hospitalisation, aucun lien n’a été mis en évidence, cependant, ces liens sont devenu évident à la sortie. La reprise de poids et chacune des composantes de composition corporelle ont été montré qu’ils sont liés à l’atténuation des symptômes de dépression chez les anorexiques hospitalisés. Il existe une relation entre l’état nutritionnel et les symptômes anixo-dépressifs et la renutrition influence l’amélioration de l’état psychique chez les anorexiques. Ce travail de recherche n’est que le début d’une longue investigation sur ces liens. Des études futures seront utiles pour mettre en évidence la causalité entre état nutritionnel et symptômes anxio-dépressifs.
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Brozina, Karen. "Anxious and depressive symptoms in children : an examination of the common aetiology hypothesis of comorbid anxiety and depression." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102481.
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Despite the fact that the moods, symptoms, and disorders associated with anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in youth, very little is known about the developmental pathways leading to comorbid anxiety and depression. The common aetiology hypothesis proposes that anxiety and depression share common risk, vulnerability, and causal factors which increase the likelihood that they will co-occur. Such common aetiological factors are expected to temporally precede the onset of symptoms and to be uniquely associated with symptoms of each disorder, independent of the strong association between anxiety and depression. Previous research has identified vulnerability factors in the development of both anxious symptoms (e.g., behavioural inhibition) and depressive symptoms (e.g., pessimistic inferential styles) in children. However very little research has examined whether these vulnerability factors are specific to either anxious or depressive symptoms, or whether they are common to both. The purpose of the research presented in this dissertation was to examine the common aetiology hypothesis of anxiety and depression in children by evaluating the specificity of two well-established theories. In addition, the applicability of a diathesis-stress model to the development of anxious and depressive symptoms in children was examined. The research described in Chapter 2 examined behavioural inhibition and found that behaviourally inhibited children who experienced high levels of stress demonstrated increases in anxious, but not depressive symptoms across a six-week period. The research described in Chapter 3 examined the hopelessness theory and found that in the presence of high levels of stress, pessimistic inferential styles about causes, consequences, and the self predicted increases in hopelessness depression symptoms in children with low levels of initial hopelessness depression symptoms. Moreover, children with pessimistic inferential styles about either consequences or the self demonstrated increases in anxious symptoms across the six-week period, even after controlling for changes in hopelessness depression symptoms. These findings have several implications. In line with the common aetiology hypothesis, pessimistic inferential styles about consequences and the self appear to be common vulnerability factors. In contrast, behavioural inhibition and pessimistic inferential style about causes appear to be specific vulnerability factors for anxious symptoms and hopelessness depression symptoms respectively. Finally, vulnerability factors for both anxious and depressive symptoms appear to be amenable to a diathesis-stress framework.
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Nichols-Lopez, Kristin A. "Anxiety Sensitivity’s Facets in Relation to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Youth." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/268.
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Anxiety sensitivity is a multifaceted cognitive risk factor currently being examined in relation to anxiety and depression. The paucity of research on the relative contribution of the facets of anxiety sensitivity to anxiety and depression, coupled with variations in existing findings, indicate that the relations remain inadequately understood. In the present study, the relations between the facets of anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depression were examined in 730 Hispanic-Latino and European-American youth referred to an anxiety specialty clinic. Youth completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children’s Depression Inventory. The factor structure of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index was examined using ordered-categorical confirmatory factor analytic techniques. Goodness-of-fit criteria indicated that a two-factor model fit the data best. The identified facets of anxiety sensitivity included Physical/Mental Concerns and Social Concerns. Support was also found for cross-ethnic equivalence of the two-factor model across Hispanic-Latino and European-American youth. Structural equation modeling was used to examine models involving anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depression. Results indicated that an overall measure of anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with both anxiety and depression, while the facets of anxiety sensitivity showed differential relations to anxiety and depression symptoms. Both facets of anxiety sensitivity were related to overall anxiety and its symptom dimensions, with the exception being that Social Concerns was not related to physiological anxiety symptoms. Physical/Mental Concerns were strongly associated with overall depression and with all depression symptom dimensions. Social Concerns was not significantly associated with depression or its symptom dimensions. These findings highlight that anxiety sensitivity’s relations to youth psychiatric symptoms are complex. Results suggest that focusing on anxiety sensitivity’s facets is important to fully understand its role in psychopathology. Clinicians may want to target all facets of anxiety sensitivity when treating anxious youth. However, in the context of depression, it might be sufficient for clinicians to target Physical/Mental Incapacitation Concerns.
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Jain, Anjali Tanya. "Factors Predicting Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents in India." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami154134829484445.
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Krippner, Kevin M. "Effects of an intake interview on client anxiety and depression." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/535904.
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The basic purpose of the study was to examine the effects of intake interviews an the anxiety and depression of clients. It was hypothesized that intake interviews would reduce symptomology, as it has been shown that even brief interactions with clinicians can be beneficial. Gender of both client and counselor were also examined for main effects and/or interactions. No difference in symptomology based on gender of client or counselor was anticipated.Two hundred ninety-nine adult out-patients of a university training practicum clinic were administered anxiety and depression inventories either before or after intake interviews. Intake interviews were performed by doctoral or masters level students assigned to fellowship duties at the clinic.The intake interview consisted of two parts. The First part was the gathering of relevant demographic information and questions which solicited information about the problems clients were experiencing which prompted the need For counseling. The second part of the intake consisted of a testing battery composed of the Beck Depression Inventory (SDI), Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale CTSCS). Only the BDI and State component of the STAI were used in the study.Each of the parts in the intake took approximately 45 minutes to complete. Intakes were scheduled in two-hour time blocks which allowed sufficient time For completion of the entire intake. The experimental manipulation was accomplished by having counselors alternate the order of the interview and assessment battery.The design of the study was a 2 x 2 x 2 (order of interview/assessment battery, client gender, counselor gender). Analysis of the data was performed using a Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) procedure.There were no significant results for any of the BDI score analyses, and only one significant result For the STAI score analyses. The intake interview was not found to affect the anxiety or depression of clients, failing to support the main hypothesis of the study. Depression and anxiety were also not affected by client gender. However, anxiety was significantly lower for clients of Female vs. male counselors. Depression was not affected. No interactions were found to be significant.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Eley, Thalia. "Aetiology of emotional symptoms in children and adolescents : depression and anxiety in twins." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243789.
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Early, Martha C. "Observed positive and negative behaviors in children relation to anxiety and depression symptoms /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6108.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 21, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lackner, Ryan J. "Interaction Effect of Brooding Rumination and Interoceptive Awareness on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1455897661.
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Conde, Joann M. "Symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: The impact of residential fire." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4339/.
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This study examined symptoms of anxiety and depression in 99 children and adolescents following a residential fire. Children and their parents completed self-administered questionnaires regarding the fire and their current functioning. The most commonly experienced symptoms were worry/ oversensitivity, anhedonia, negative mood, and fear of failure and criticism. There were no significant ethnic differences across symptomology. Exposure was directly related to parental report of child internalizing behaviors, whereas loss was unrelated to symptoms. Level of support (general and fire related) and active coping were directly associated with positive child adjustment. The impact of negative life events was related to poorer functioning. Overall, a child's environment and coping strategy appear to be the best predictors of adjustment following a residential fire.
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Hansen, Ryan W. "Social Media Correlates of Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms, Worry, and Social Anxiety." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1482421602020119.
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Le, Anh-Thuy. "ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN ASIAN AMERICAN EMERGING ADULTS: IDENTIFYING MODERATORS AND MEDIATORS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6081.
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This study explored relations among acculturative stress (i.e., perceived discrimination, parent-child communication difficulties, incongruent parent-child values, and a general measure of acculturative stress), depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, family conflict, ethnic identity, and social support in a sample of 207 Asian American emerging adults (ages 18-25). Regressions showed that acculturative stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Likewise, acculturative stress was positively related to family conflict, regardless of how the former was operationalized. Greater family conflict was also associated with greater depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.
Mediation models found that, for each predictor of acculturative stress, family conflict significantly mediated the path to both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Thus, these were expanded into a series of moderated mediation models to determine whether these relations varied as a function of ethnic identity and social support. Ethnic identity affirmation moderated the relation between general acculturative stress and depressive symptoms, between general acculturative stress and anxiety symptoms, and between perceived discrimination and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, family conflict mediated these associations when participants reported moderate or high ethnic identity affirmation but not when they reported low levels.
Limitations included: cross-sectional design, lack of parent-report on family conflict, use of an aggregated measure of social support, and generalizability concerns in terms of setting, nativity status, English fluency, and ethnic group. Nonetheless, results indicate that family dynamics are important when considering the impact of acculturative stress on mental health. Ethnic identity affirmation also moderated this relation. These findings have implications for intervention.
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Brooks, Byron D., Sarah A. Job, Emily A. Clark, Emerson A. Todd, and Stacey L. Williams. "Concealment as a Moderator of Anticipated Stigma and Psychiatric Symptoms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8007.
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Sexual minorities are at risk for poorer mental health outcomes due to unique minority stressors. Anticipated stigma and concealment are documented as predictors of worse outcomes among this population; however, limited research has examined how interactions between minority stressors contribute to health outcomes. This study of sexual minorities (n = 147) recruited through social media examined the moderating role of concealment on the relationship between anticipated stigma and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depressive symptoms). Moderation analyses revealed concealment significantly moderated the relationship between anticipated stigma and anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. Clinically addressing minority stress may reduce psychiatric symptoms.
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Crane, Tracy E., and Tracy E. Crane. "Symptom Clusters and Trajectories of Depression and Anxiety in Latina Breast Cancer Survivors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621858.
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Background: Latinas experience a greater number of symptoms and are at an elevated risk for depression and anxiety following a diagnosis of breast cancer compared to Non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans. Cancer-related symptom clusters are frequently reported in women with breast cancer and research suggests these women follow distinct trajectories for depression and anxiety. However, little is known about the trajectories of anxiety and depression or cancer-related symptom clusters in Latinas with breast cancer. Methods: 296 Latinas previously recruited and diagnosed with breast cancer comprised this sample. Questionnaires for depression (the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression) and Anxiety (Speilberger State-Trait Inventory and PROMIS Anxiety) were administered at baseline, 2 and 4 months post enrollment. To identify classes of Latina breast cancer survivors based on patterns of symptom occurrence, symptoms latent class analysis was used to describe symptom clusters. Group-based growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify classes of women who followed distinct trajectories of depression and anxiety. Results: On average women reported 4.2±3 symptoms with an overall symptom distress score of 6.4±2.5 (out of a scale of 10). Three symptom classes were identified: Weary and Sleepy (class 1), Weary (class 2) and Weary, Sleepy and Hurting (class 3). Women were most likely to cluster in class 1, followed by class 2 and 3 with fatigue (labeled weary) being the most prevalent symptom for all three classes. Three trajectories emerged for both depression and anxiety. For depression, the majority of women (79.6%) fell in the high then reducing trajectory for depression followed by the low and remaining low (17%) and the high and increasing (worsening) trajectories of depression (3%). For anxiety the majority (78% of women) followed the moderate to increasing (worsening) trajectory of anxiety followed by 14% in the moderate to declining (improving) and 8% in the low to slightly increasing (worsening) trajectories for anxiety. Conclusion: This study suggests Latina breast cancer survivors experience burdensome cancer-related symptom clusters and distinct trajectories for depression and anxiety. Further research is needed in minority women with breast cancer to adequately understand and treat cancer-related symptom clusters as well as depression and anxiety.
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Hamilton, Catharine Elizabeth. "The Relation between Depression and Trait Anxiety Symptoms and Maternal Utterances during Sonogram Procedures." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981646.
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The present study examines the relation between depression and trait anxiety symptoms and women’s utterances during a routine ultrasound procedure in the second trimester of pregnancy. Participants included a diverse group of 70 women seeking prenatal care at an academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) depression subscale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), trait form were used to assess symptoms of depression and trait anxiety, respectively. Audio and video of participants’ faces during the ultrasound examination were used to assess the content, sentiment, and number of utterances. Results of regression analyses indicated that higher levels of depression symptoms were significantly related to a lower proportion of fetus-related utterances to total utterances. Higher levels of depression symptoms and trait anxiety were significantly related to a lower proportion of positive fetus-related utterances to total fetus-related utterances, after controlling for gestational age. Higher levels of depression symptoms were significantly related to a higher proportion of negative-fetus-related utterances to total fetus-related utterances, after controlling for education. These findings suggest that pregnant women who are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety may exhibit certain types and patterns of utterances during routine prenatal sonogram procedures. Thus, observation of pregnant women’s naturalistic speech may provide helpful supplemental information to the traditional self-report measure in screening for symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Edberg, Arvid, and Emil Ahlzén. "Aspects of modern health worries as predictors of development of anxiety and depression symptoms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-147967.
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Worries about the negative health effects of modern life (Modern health worries, MHW) have increased during the last decades, but the phenomenon is not fully understood. The present study investigated the associative and predictive relationship between different types of MHW and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a large sample from Västerbotten county, Sweden (n=2223). The four subscales of the Modern Health Worries Scale (MHWS) were used to assess different types of MHW, while symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Spearman's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to assess the degrees of association and prediction, respectively. It was shown that the subscales were associated with symptoms of both anxiety and depression to varying degrees, however MHW did not significantly predict symptoms of neither anxiety nor depression. This suggests that when using the MHWS in clinical settings, examining the subscales rather than the global score of MHWS provides a more nuanced understanding of an individual's experience. It also suggests that experiencing MHW does not cause an increase in neither anxiety nor depression.Oro kopplad till de negativa hälsoaspekterna av ett modernt liv (Modern hälsooro, MHO) har ökat under de senaste årtiondena, men fenomenet är inte helt klarlagt. Den här studien undersökte associativa och prediktiva samband mellan olika typer av modern hälsooro och symtom av ångesttillstånd samt depression i ett urval i Västerbottens län (n=2223). De fyra subskalorna av Modern Health Worries Scale (MHWS) användes för att undersöka de olika typerna av MHO medan Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale användes för att mäta symtom av ångesttillstånd och depression. Korrelationsanalyser baserat på Spearmans korrelationskoefficient samt hierarkiska, multipla regressionsanalyser användes för att mäta graden av association respektive prediktion. Resultatet visar att de olika subskalorna var associerade med symtom av både depression och ångesttillstånd i olika hög grad. Dock predicerade inte MHO en signifikant förändring av varken ångest- eller depressionssymtom. Detta tyder på att ett enskilt beaktande av subskalorna ger en mer nyanserad bild av en individs upplevelse av MHO jämfört med om endast totalpoängen på MHWS beaktas. Resultatet föreslår vidare att en upplevelse av MHO inte orsakar en ökning av varken ångest eller depressionssymtom.
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McDade-Montez, Elizabeth Anne. "The Structure of depression and anxiety symptoms in diabetic patient and community adult samples." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/209.
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Delineating and diagnosing depression and anxiety in the presence of a medical condition, such as diabetes, is complicated by the presence of overlapping symptoms that, therefore, are etiologically ambiguous. These overlapping symptoms include feelings of fatigue, concentration difficulties, restlessness, changes in appetite, irritability and autonomic arousal. The difficulty in understanding these overlapping symptoms has been proposed to lead to an underdiagnosis of depression and anxiety disorders among adults with diabetes, which is problematic given that such disorders are associated with poorer health outcomes. The goal of the current study is to test whether or not these overlapping symptoms are affected by the presence of diabetes by comparing structural models of these symptoms in adults with diabetes versus those free of major medical conditions. Participants include 226 adults with diabetes and 379 adults free of diabetes who completed a series of questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety and health status. In addition, for adults with diabetes, the most recent hemoglobin A1c lab result was collected from patient medical records. Results indicate that overlapping symptoms were strongly related to mood for adults with and without diabetes. In conclusion, it is recommended that when these overlapping symptoms are present in adults with diabetes, depression and anxiety should be considered as possible contributors to their presence.
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Sublette, Nina Katherine. "Predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among african american HIV-positive women." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-028-Sublette-index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.Title from title page screen (viewed on July 30, 2008). Research advisor: Mona Newsome Wicks, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (x, 157 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-141).
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Grills, Amie E. "Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms in Middle School Children." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36255.
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The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among peer victimization, global self-worth, social support, and internalizing behaviors (e.g., anxiety, social anxiety, and depression). Of particular interest were the potential mediating and moderating roles of global self-worth and social support in the anticipated relationships between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms. All sixth grade children from a public middle school completed self-report measures representing the constructs previously described. Reported levels of peer victimization were found to be similar to those reported in previous studies. In addition, significant associations were found among all variables of interest, with the exception of social support and total anxiety. Global self-worth was found to partially mediate the peer victimization-social anxiety and peer victimization-depression relationships. These findings suggest that victimization experiences may negatively influence children's views of themselves and help explain the elevated levels of depression and social anxiety also reported by them. Furthermore, global self-worth moderated the peer victimization-total anxiety relationship, such that children with higher global self-worth reported fewer total anxiety symptoms than children with lower global self-worth. However, analyses failed to support the role of social support as either a mediator or moderator in the relationships examined. Findings are integrated into the literature regarding peer victimization and internalizing symptomology.Master of Science
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Borneskog, C., Gunilla Sydsjö, C. Lampic, Marie Bladh, and A. S. Svanberg. "Symptoms of anxiety and depression in lesbian couples treated with donated sperm : a descriptive study." Linköpings universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94320.
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Objective To investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression in lesbian couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (ART), and to study the relationship of demographic data, pregnancy outcome and future reproductive plans with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Design Descriptive, a part of the prospective longitudinal ‘Swedish study on gamete donation’. Setting All university clinics in Sweden performing gamete donation. Population A consecutive sample of 214 lesbian couples requesting assisted reproduction, 165 of whom participated. Methods Participants individually completed three study-specific questionnaires and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): time point 1 (T1), at commencement of ART; time point 2 (T2), approximately 2 months after treatment; and time point 3 (T3), 2–5 years after first treatment. Main outcome measures Anxiety and depression (HADS), pregnancy outcome and future reproductive plans. Results The vast majority of lesbian women undergoing assisted reproduction reported no symptoms of anxiety and depression at the three assessment points. A higher percentage of the treated women, compared with the partners, reported symptoms of anxiety at T2 (14% versus 5%, P = 0.011) and T3 (10% versus 4%, P = 0.018), as well as symptoms of depression at T2 (4% versus 0%, P = 0.03) and T3 (3% versus 0%, P = 0.035). The overall pregnancy outcome was high; almost three-quarters of lesbian couples gave birth 2–5 years after sperm donation treatments. Open-ended comments illustrated joy and satisfaction about family building. Conclusion Lesbian women in Sweden reported good psychological health before and after treatment with donated sperm.Funding Agencies|Merck Serono||Uppsala/Orebro Regional Research Council||Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden||Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation||
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Buhrmann, Mimmie Petronella. "Experiences of university students with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a mindfulness-based intervention." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3705.
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This study explored and described the experiences of students with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression who participated in a mindfulness-based intervention. The study was conducted in collaboration with the Student Counselling Career and Development Centre (SCCDC) at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). The study utilised a qualitative research approach and nine participants were selected through purposive, non-probability sampling. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and participants‟ brief written reflections of their individual experiences. Content analysis produced ten themes categorised according to the components of the biopsychosocial/spiritual (BPSS) model. The most prevalent theme identified, describing participants‟ experience of the mindfulness-based intervention, was an enhanced perception of emotional regulation. This finding confirmed the outcomes of previous studies that also found an increase in emotional regulation related to mindfulness-based interventions. Results also shed new light on the perceived personal changes participants experienced in relation to body awareness, increased attentional regulation, social interactions, and spiritual experiences. In addition, participants verbalised present moment awareness and an accepting non-judgmental attitude as central to the biopsychosocial/spiritual changes and benefits they experienced. Recommendations for further research include investigating the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on attentional control and social interactions.
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Buffington, Adam Gregg. "Individual Facets of Effortful Control and Symptoms of General Distress and Depression." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250558442.
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Koffel, Erin Anne. "Structure of sleep disturbances and its relation to symptoms of psychopathology: evidence for specificity." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3485.
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A large body of research has demonstrated general relations of sleep complaints with psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and dissociation/schizotypy. In contrast, very few studies have focused on the specificity of sleep complaints to daytime symptoms. Identifying sleep disturbances that show evidence of specificity is important for differential diagnosis and assessment. This study used the structure of self-reported sleep complaints as a framework for examining specificity. Comprehensive questionnaire and interview measures of sleep disturbance were submitted to factor analyses in students and psychiatric patients. These analyses revealed the presence of three well defined higher order factors: Lassitude, Insomnia, and Unusual Sleep Experiences. These factors were then correlated with interview and questionnaire measures of daytime symptoms. Lassitude was specific to dysphoria, whereas Insomnia had weaker, nonspecific relations with daytime symptoms. Fatigue, a component of Lassitude, showed the strongest evidence of specificity. Unusual Sleep Experiences was specific to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation. In particular, the Nightmares component of Unusual Sleep Experiences was strongly related to PTSD and the Sleep Hallucinations component of Unusual Sleep Experiences was strongly related to dissociation.
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Sexton, Ashley, Victoria Jones, Robyn Dolson, and Diana Morelen. "The Effects of Perceived Religious Support in Childhood on Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adulthood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/39.
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Research suggests those with high religiosity have better social support and lower stress levels (Gao, 2015), and more frequent attendance of religious services is related to larger social networks and higher variety and perceived quality of social support (Ellison & George, 1994). Furthermore, research has shown that the quality of religious social support protects against symptoms of anxiety and depression (Desrosiers, 2012; Lewis, 2019). However, the relationship between perceived religious support in childhood and internalizing symptoms in adulthood have not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. Therefore, we hypothesize that perceived religious support in childhood correlates with lower levels of anxiety, stress, and depression in adulthood. Data was collected at a public university in rural Appalachia (N = 769, 70.9% female, M age = 20.43, SD = 4.51) using online, self-report survey. Pearson correlations indicated a significant inverse relationship between perceived religious support in childhood and depression (r(612) = -0.30, p = 0.01), anxiety (r(629) = -0.20, p = 0.01), and stress (r(630) = -0.26, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that perceived religious support during childhood may have a small protective effect against depression, anxiety, and stress in early adulthood and that religious support in childhood may be more of a buffer for depression in adulthood compared to stress and anxiety.
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Sanchez, S. E., Sixto E. Sanchez, Lauren E. Friedman, Marta B. Rondon, Christopher L. Drake, Michelle A. Williams, and Bizu Gelaye. "Association of stress-related sleep disturbance with psychiatric symptoms among pregnant women." Elsevier B.V, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651714.
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Background: Physiological changes during pregnancy are often accompanied by reduced sleep quality, sleep disruptions, and insomnia. Studies conducted among men and non-pregnant women have documented psychiatric disorders as common comorbidities of insomnia and other sleep disorders. However, no previous study has examined the association between stress-related sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders among pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 2051 pregnant women in Peru. The Spanish-language version of the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST-S) was used to assess sleep disruptions due to stressful situations. Symptoms of antepartum depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version, respectively. High risk for psychosis was assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Stress-related sleep disturbance was reported by 33.2% of women. Of all women, 24.9% had antepartum depression, 32.2% had generalized anxiety disorder, 30.9% had PTSD, and 27.6% were assessed as having a high risk of psychosis. After adjusting for confounders, women with stress-related sleep disturbances were more likely to experience antepartum depression (OR = 2.74; 95%CI: 2.22–3.38), generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 2.04–3.02), PTSD (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.93–2.88), and high risk for psychosis (OR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.69–2.54) as compared to women without stress-related sleep disturbances. Conclusions: Stress-related sleep disturbances during pregnancy are associated with increased odds of psychiatric disorders. Inquiring about stress related sleep disturbances during antenatal care may be beneficial for identifying and caring for women at high risk of psychiatric disorders.Revisión por pares
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Turner, Karin Amber. "Negative Affect in the Relationship between Internalizing Symptoms and Aggression: The Role of Effortful Control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76949.
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Although comorbidity is common between internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression and externalizing symptoms such as aggression, the reason for this co-occurrence remains unclear. High negative affect is one factor that has been proposed to explain the connection between anxiety and depression, as well as between these internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms including aggression; however, on its own, it may not explain the common association between symptoms. Research on anxiety suggests that effortful control moderates the relationship between negative affect and anxiety. Low levels of effortful control have also been tied to symptoms of depression and aggression. It was hypothesized that effortful control would moderate the impact of negative affect in associations between internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) and aggression such that individuals who have both high levels of negative affect and low levels of effortful control will be more likely to experience both internalizing symptoms and aggression. It was further proposed that, among the functional subtypes of aggression, this relationship would hold only for reactive aggression, and not for proactive aggression. These predictions were tested via hierarchical regression analyses of self-report data from a large sample of undergraduate students. Findings suggest that effortful control moderates the relationship between negative affect and depression; however, it functions as an additive predictor for both anxiety and reactive aggression. These findings and their implications are discussed.Master of Science
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Owen, Orion. "Towards a normative model of postnatal mood : symptoms of depression and anxiety among women after childbirth." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54227/.
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Findings suggest non-pathological postpartum mood is characterised by (1) specific symptoms of anxiety and depression and, more broadly (2) co-existing symptoms that exist most frequently below the threshold for disorder, the rate and severity of which spontaneously diminish over time.
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Oelke, Lynn E. "The Influence of Anxiety and Depression on Cognitive Functioning in Parkinson’s Disease." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/434.
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Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD). Past studies have demonstrated a relationship between depression and cognitive decline in PD; however, the unique influence of anxiety has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to differentiate the unique influences of depression and anxiety on cognitive functioning in PD. Sixty-eight cognitively intact PD patients with mild to moderate motor disease severity completed self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with executive functioning performance as the criterion variable, and two additional hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with memory performance as the criterion variable. Depression and anxiety, as measured by the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), served as predictors for all analyses. Each set of analyses examined the amount of added, unique variance accounted for by anxiety when depression was entered as the first predictor, and also examined the amount of added, unique variance accounted for by depression when anxiety was entered as the first predictor.
It was found that depression significantly predicted delayed recall memory performance when entered as the first and second predictor. In contrast, anxiety did not significantly predict performance on any of the cognitive measures. Two DASS subscales assess for the physical symptoms of anxiety, and these subscales were not significantly correlated with any cognitive variables. However, the DASS subscales tapping into non-physical aspects of anxiety were significantly associated with several cognitive variables. Patients may have endorsed physical symptoms of anxiety due to the symptoms associated with PD, and not as a result of the genuine presence of anxiety. This could have masked a potential relationship between anxiety and cognitive functioning in PD, and suggests that specific components of anxiety may be associated with cognition in PD. Future adaptation of the DASS may be necessary to differentiate the unique influences of depression and anxiety in PD patients.
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Webster, Michael Ellington. "Symptoms of Depression, Symptoms of Anxiety, and Motivation for Treatment as Predictors of Post-Substance Abuse Treatment Support Group Attendance: A Path Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31590.
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In 2007, an estimated 22.3 million people in the United States, aged 12 or older, were classified as meeting the criteria for either substance dependence or abuse. Therapists have long sought to discover the most effective way to address these disorders in therapy; though short-term gains are often seen following inpatient or outpatient treatment, these gains often dissipate over time. Individuals who attend support groups such as Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous or SMART Recovery show much better prognoses over time than those who receive formal treatment alone. The current research is a secondary analysis of data collected by the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study. A path analysis is conducted to examine the relationships between symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, and motivation for treatment as they relate to post-treatment support group attendance. These variables form a path model which is analyzed so that each individual regression takes into account the other regressions in the model. Symptoms of depression are found to be significantly positive predictors of motivation for treatment, and motivation for treatment is found to be a significantly positive predictor of support group attendance. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and future directions for research are included in discussion of the results.Master of Science
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Grills, Amie Elizabeth. "Long-term relations among peer victimization and internalizing symptoms in children." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26674.
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The primary purpose of this research was to examine the long-term relations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) in middle school children. Furthermore, this study intended to determine the potential roles of self-worth, self-acceptance, and social supports in moderating or mediating these proposed relations. At time one, 280 sixth grade students participated and at follow up, 77 eighth grade children were participants. All children were from the same public middle school and completed self-report measures representing the constructs previously described. Reported levels of peer victimization were found to be similar to those reported in previous studies. Significant concurrent correlations were found between the sixth grade predictor variables (victimization, self-worth, social acceptance, social supports). Sixth grade reported peer victimization was also significantly associated with eighth grade depression for boys and eighth grade social anxiety for girls. Tests of mediation supported the role of global self-worth for boys and social acceptance for girls. Teacher support served a significant moderating role for boysâ peer victimization-internalizing symptom (depression and social anxiety) relation. In both cases, boys reported fewer internalizing symptoms when peer victimization was low and teacher support was high. Findings are integrated into the literature regarding peer victimization and internalizing difficulties.Ph. D.
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Leung, Wai-yee Winnie, and 梁慧儀. "A psychometric investigation of somatic and emotional symptoms of children and adolescents in Hong Kong : the role of physiological hyperarousal in differentiating anxiety and depression." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196541.
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Emotional disorders of anxiety and depression have been recognized as the most prevalent mental disorders in children and adolescents. High rates of co-morbidity between anxiety and depression have been reported in both adults and youths. Clark and Watson (1991) proposed a tripartite model to explain both the overlap and distinctiveness of anxiety and depression. In that model, negative affectivity (NA) is experienced in both anxiety and depression; lack of positive affectivity (PA) is specific to depression; and high physiological hyperarousal (PH) is unique to anxiety.
Two decades of research among adults have supported the utility of the tripartite model. However, its applicability to children and adolescents has been studied less, and the results have been controversial. This controversy could be caused by two main issues. First, early youth research on the tripartite components has had to borrow adult measures to represent the tripartite constructs. Second, even after child-specific measures for the tripartite constructs were developed, relatively few studies have examined all three tripartite components together. In particular, PH has received less attention than NA and PA.
The present study addresses these issues. First, this study assesses all three components of the tripartite model among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong schools. A deliberate attempt is made to use measures of the tripartite constructs that are specific to children in order to improve the construct validity of the measurements. Finally, special attention is paid to the differential utility of the PH construct.
Results partially supported the Clark and Watson’s tripartite model (1991). NA is a common component to both anxiety and depression. However, both PA and PH are also common components to both anxiety and depression. In addition, high correlations were found among anxiety, depression, and PH. These results tend to suggest more intricate relationships among anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms. To conclude, this study suggests an alternative transdiagnostic approach to the tripartite model, which emphasizes clustering of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
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Budhrani, Pinky H. "Race/Ethnicity, Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality, Physical and Psychological Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4645.
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Breast cancer is a major health problem and comprises the largest population of cancer survivors in the United States, estimated at 2.9 million women, accounting for 22% of all cancer survivors (National Cancer Institute, 2013). The advances in breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment has increased the importance of survivorship needs. A major concern among breast cancer survivors (BCS) is sleep disturbances. This study used an innovative approach to examine ethnic and racial disparities in sleep disturbances present in BCS. In addition, this study also explored sleep disturbances across different races/ethnicities. This study was a secondary data analysis of baseline data from the supplement study of the MBSR Symptom Cluster Trial for Breast Cancer Survivors/ 1R01CA131080, conducted by Dr. Lengacher. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep diary (subjective), and sleep actigraphy (objective). The sample consists of 79 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer (Stage 0, I, II, III), completed lumpectomy and/or mastectomy, and were within 2 weeks to 2 years post radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment. The aims for this study were to: 1) explore racial/ethnic differences in objectively measured sleep patterns among BCS; 2) estimate and compare the correlation between objective and subjective sleep quality by racial/ethnic groups among BCS; 3) examine which sleep actigraphy measure appears to have the strongest relationship with physical and psychological symptoms; and 4) explore whether these relationships (i.e. between objective sleep and self-reported symptoms) appear to be modified by race/ethnicity.
The first aim was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results indicated that white, non Hispanic BCS had improved objective sleep quality compared to minority BCS. The second aim was conducted using Pearson's correlation with significant correlations found between subjective and objective sleep onset latency (r= .310, p= .016), and total sleep time (TST) (r= .328, p= .011) for the white, non-Hispanic group. The third aim was conducted using Pearson's correlation with significant correlations between sleep onset latency and depression (r= .247, p= .029); sleep efficiency and depression (r= -.233, p= .040); sleep efficiency and fatigue (r= -.207, p= .045); and WASO and pain (r= .277, p= .014). There were no significant correlations between the anxiety score and actigraphy parameters.
Using the significant correlations from the results of the third aim, multiple regression analysis was conducted with age as a covariate to test the fourth aim. The main effect of depression on sleep efficiency was significant (p= .044) with less depression associated with higher sleep efficiency. The interaction term, depression by race/ethnicity, had a non-significant effect on sleep efficiency (p= .299). The main effect of pain on WASO was significant (p= .008), and increased pain was associated with longer WASO. The interaction term, race/ethnicity by pain, had a non-significant effect on WASO (p= .148). The main effect of depression predicting sleep onset latency was significant (p= .027), and the interaction term, depression by race/ethnicity, had a trend towards a significant effect (p= .092) on predicting sleep onset latency. The interaction between depression and race/ethnicity predicting sleep onset latency was further decomposed using multiple regression. The average sleep onset latency was longer in the minority group with high depression levels (42 minutes) compared to the white, non-Hispanics with high depression levels (29 minutes). Race modified the effect of depression on sleep onset latency in this sample of BCS.
These finding suggest that the experience of objective sleep disturbances is different among races/ethnicities. Additional research is needed to further explore racial/ethnic differences in subjective and objective sleep disturbances and its impact on physical and psychological symptoms among BCS. As the number of BCS continue to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to recognize sleep disturbances and their potential physical and psychological effects early in BCS, specifically in different races and ethnicities. It is anticipated that these findings may contribute to improved symptom management for women of different races and ethnicities.
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Rabinowitz, Emily Paige. "The 50th Anniversary of May 4, 1970 is Associated with Mild Elevations of Distress But No Increase in Mental Health Symptoms." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1621349469143603.
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Landoll, Ryan Richard. "Through the Looking Glass: Adolescents? and Peers? Perspectives of Interpersonal Behaviors and Their Associations with Adolescents? Internalizing Symptoms." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/66.
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Individuals who engage in excessive reassurance seeking (constantly seeking reassurance that one is needed and valued) have higher rates of internalizing disorders. However, little research has examined excessive reassurance seeking among adolescents, particularly in a non-clinical population. Furthermore, research has not examined how close relationships in adolescence, such as best friends and romantic partners, view an adolescent?s use of excessive reassurance seeking behavior. This is particularly interesting, as best friends and romantic partners may be the primary recipients of this behavior. The current study sought to (a) examine the association between excessive reassurance seeking and internalizing symptoms among adolescents, (b) examine the agreement between adolescents? and close peers? ratings of excessive reassurance seeking as well as potential moderators of concordance, and (c) examine the association between peer ratings of excessive reassurance seeking behavior and adolescents? internalizing symptoms, both concurrently and prospectively over time. Participants included 465 adolescents (61% girls), ages 15-20 years, 64.3% Hispanic, 19.1% White non-Hispanic, 6.3% Black and 10.3% other. Participants completed the Excessive Reassurance Seeking subscale of Depressive Interpersonal Relationships Inventory, the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Network of Relationships Inventory ? Revised. Of this larger sample, a subsample of 44 adolescents (68% female), ages 15-18, 59.1% Hispanic, 31.8% White-non-Hispanic, 2.3% Black and 6.8% mixed ethnicity or other, was used to test hypotheses related to close peer?s assessment of excessive reassurance seeking behavior. Participants also completed the YSR two months later. Data were collected as part of a larger study of adolescent peer relationships during class periods at public high schools in an urban area of the Southeast US. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression techniques, controlling for demographic variables and testing the unique contributions of study variables. Regarding the first study aim that sought to examine associations between excessive reassurance seeking and adolescents? internalizing symptoms, results indicated that excessive reassurance seeking was related to internalizing symptoms concurrently, but not prospectively. Age, gender and ethnicity were found to also be significant predictors of adolescents? internalizing symptoms concurrently, but only ethnic differences emerged prospectively. Regarding the second study aim, examining the concordance between self and peer reports of excessive reassurance seeking, the agreement between self and peer reports was significant. However, further analysis revealed this association was moderated by friendship quality and informant type. Specifically, relationships with high positive quality showed concordance, as opposed to those low in positive relationship quality. Furthermore, romantic partners showed concordance in reports, but not best friends. Regarding the third study aim that sought to examine whether both self and peer reports of excessive reassurance seeking were related to adolescents? internalizing symptoms, results indicated that both self and peer reports were uniquely related to internalizing symptoms concurrently; however this was not the case prospectively. These findings suggest that certain peer informants (romantic partners, high quality relationships) may be reliable indicators of adolescents? excessive reassurance seeking behavior. This has potential implications in the assessment of adolescent internalizing symptoms and interpersonal behaviors associated with these symptoms. However, as results did not emerge in the current study over time, future research is needed to examine the developmental pathways between excessive reassurance seeking and internalizing symptoms.
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Irons, Christopher Paul. "Evolved mechanisms in adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms : the role of the attachment and social rank systems." Thesis, University of Derby, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/302831.
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Mullet, Stephen David. "The reflexive self a model of self-reflexivity and its relationship to depression and social anxiety symptoms /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1247700767.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 8, 2010). Advisor: Richard Serpe. Keywords: Self; mind; self-reflexivity; depression; social anxiety; dualism; duality; androgyny; mastery; powerful others; internal and external locus of control; flexibility; resilience; attribution theory; mental health. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-70).
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Mullet, Stephen D. "The Reflexive Self: A Model of Self-Reflexivity and its Relationship to Depression and Social Anxiety Symptoms." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1247700767.
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Storey, Elizabeth. "Relationship between Teacher Characteristics and Accuracy in Identifying Middle School Students with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6404.
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As a universal screening method, teacher nominations have been found to both miss and misidentify a substantial proportion of students with internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression (Cunningham & Suldo, 2014; Gelley, 2014; Moor et al., 2007). Although some research has explored the accuracy of teacher nominations when used to identify students with anxiety and depression, no research examined the teacher characteristics that are potentially related to accuracy. The current study conducted a secondary analysis of an archival dataset (Gelley, 2014) to determine which characteristics of teachers (N= 19) are more closely related to accuracy in identifying middle school students (N = 233) with elevated levels of anxiety or depression. Teacher characteristics examined include: teacher self-efficacy beliefs in identifying students with anxiety and depression, teacher acceptance of the general method of asking teachers as a whole to identify students with anxiety and depression, teacher gender, years teaching, and subject taught. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the aforementioned teacher characteristics and teacher accuracy, defined by the conditional probability indices sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The combined predictors explained 38 to 69% of the variance in those indicators of accuracy. Results indicated that in predicting sensitivity, being a language arts or math teacher (as compared to being a social studies teacher), having fewer years of professional experience, and reporting greater acceptance of method may predict higher sensitivity rates. In regards to specificity, higher teacher self-efficacy, being a social studies teacher, being male, and having fewer years of professional experience predicted higher specificity rates. In terms of PPV, having higher acceptance of method and more self-efficacy may explain higher PPV rates. Finally, in terms of NPV, having fewer years of professional experience may explain higher NPV rates. Results from this study may be used to guide collaboration and consultation with teachers in universal screenings, and may inform teacher training programs aimed to increase teacher knowledge and confidence identifying students experiencing emotional distress at school.
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Waszczuk, Monika Aldona. "Why do depression and anxiety symptoms co-occur across development? : the role of genes, environments and cognition." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/why-do-depression-and-anxiety-symptoms-cooccur-across-development(2ae447eb-25a1-4405-a056-a83f073540e2).html.
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Depression and anxiety commonly co-occur and have been associated with cognitive biases and executive function deficits across development. Twin studies indicate considerable genetic overlap between internalizing symptoms and cognitive processes. However, relatively little is known about how genetic, environmental and cognitive processes contribute to the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms over time. Twin modelling analyses were conducted using three longitudinal population-based twin samples – ECHO, G1219 and TEDS. The first half of this thesis focused on developmental associations between depression and four different anxiety symptom clusters. First, the phenotypic and genetic structure of symptoms was examined cross-sectionally in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Developmental differences in the aetiology of the relationship between depression and anxiety were found, with genetic influences becoming less disorder-specific from adolescence. Next, longitudinal analyses found that both stable and newly emerging genes, and to a lesser extent non-shared environmental effects, contributed to the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety across adolescence and young adulthood. The second half of this thesis focused on cognitive processes involved in the aetiology and maintenance of depression and anxiety. First, associations between anxiety sensitivity dimensions and depression and anxiety symptoms were investigated. Results identified disorder-specific versus shared cognitive content in depression and anxiety that was generally unchanged across development and was underpinned by broad genetic vulnerability. Second, association between mindfulness, anxiety sensitivity and depression was investigated. Mindfulness was found to be moderately heritable and the relationship between attentional control aspect of mindfulness, depression and anxiety sensitivity was largely due to shared genetic liability. Finally, using an experimental study conducted in sixty-one 8-10 years old children, depression and anxiety were found to be independently associated with poorer attentional control. This attentional deficit may account for some of the attentional biases often observed in anxious and depressed children on tasks investigating processing of emotional stimuli.
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Fontaine, Sabrina. "Parent and Youth Discrepancy Ratings of Mental Health Symptoms in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Family Functioning." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36201.
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Internalizing disorders are prevalent among youth. However, disagreements exist between parents’ and youth’s reports of mental health symptoms. In particular, youth-onset internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety have been shown to have the highest reporter discrepancies amongst all disorders. In this study we examined what may contribute to these discrepancies by examining the moderating role of family functioning in a sample of 456 parent-adolescent dyads. Results indicated that although discrepancies did exist between parent and adolescent (M age = 14.97 years; SD = 0.33 years) reports of both anxiety and depression, family functioning did not significantly moderate these discrepancies. The results of this study provide further knowledge on the subject of youth mental health by establishing the presence of parent-adolescent report discrepancies.
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Alhola, Sini. "Unraveling interaction between tinnitus symptoms, cognitive abilities, and mental disorders." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158708.
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Based on the former studies, there is evidence of tinnitus being associated with performance on cognitive ability tests (for example Andersson et al. 2009, Hallam et al. 2004). The topic of my bachelor thesis was to unravel how depression, stress and anxiety connected with tinnitus symptoms are related to cognitive abilities such as verbal fluency, inhibition ability and working memory capacity. In order to fill an existing gap of knowledge, the relationship of different severity of stress caused by tinnitus symptoms as measured with Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and cognitive abilities and depression and anxiety symptoms was emphasized. The experiment group was divided into two subgroups, those with lower and higher level of perceived tinnitus severity and the differences in test scores between groups were investigated with one-way analysis of variance. As a result, significant differences between the two tinnitus patient groups were found in the level of performance in inhibition task where participants were asked to give the font color of congruent color - word pair as an answer. It was also studied whether there were correlations between perceived severity of tinnitus symptoms, depression and anxiety symptoms, working memory capacity and inhibition ability. As a result of correlation analysis, this study confirmed the connection between tinnitus symptoms and anxiety and depression symptoms found in previous studies, and a significant correlation was found between THI scores and anxiety symptoms, and THI scores and C inhibition test scores where the participant was asked to name the font color from incongruent color-word pairs. The results of this study suggest that there is a connection between the level of perceived tinnitus severity and the ability to name font color of incongruent color - word pair. The current study found no evidence about the connection between THI scores and other cognitive abilities as well as anxiety and depression symptoms, even though the THI scores correlated with both anxiety symptom scores and with the reaction times of an inhibition task where the participants were asked to point out the font color from incongruent color - word pairs.
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French, Cynthia L. "Examining Change in Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adults after Treatment of Chronic Cough: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/31.
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Background: Chronic cough is a common health problem with variable success rates to standardized treatment. Psychologic symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress have been reported in association with chronic cough. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the psychologic symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in adults with chronic cough 3 months after management using the ACCP cough treatment guidelines.
Methods: This study used a descriptive longitudinal observation design. The major tenets associated with the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms were examined. Intervention fidelity to the study components was measured.
Results: A sample of 80 consecutive patients with chronic cough of greater than 8 weeks duration was recruited from one cough specialty clinic. Mean age of subjects was 58.54 years; 68.7% were female; 98.7% were white, and 97.5% were non-smokers. Mean cough duration was 85.99 months and mean cough severity was 6.11 (possible 0 –10; higher scores equal greater cough severity). Cough severity improved post treatment (n=65, M=2.32, (SE =.291), t (64) =7.98, p=.000); cough-specific quality-of-life also improved (n=65, M=9.17, (SE=1.30), t (64) =7.02, p=.000). Physiologic (urge-to-cough r=.360, ability to speak r=.469) and psychologic factors (depression r=.512, anxiety r=.507, stress r=.484) were significantly related to cough-specific quality-of-life and to cough severity (urge-to-cough r=.643, ability to speak r=.674 and depression r=.356, anxiety r=.419, stress r=.323) (all r, p=.01); social support and number of diagnoses were not related to either variable. Those experiencing greater financial strain had worse cough severity. Women, those experiencing financial strain, and those taking self-prescribed therapy had worse cough-specific quality-of-life. Intervention fidelity to the study plan was rated as high according to observation, participant receipt, and patient/physician concordance. Qualitative review identified potential areas of variability with intervention fidelity.
Conclusions: By measuring the factors related to the major tenets of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, this theory has helped to explain why those with chronic cough may have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and why these symptoms improve as cough severity and cough-specific quality-of-life improve. Moreover, by measuring intervention fidelity, it may be possible to determine why cough guidelines may not be yielding consistently favorable results.
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Yilmaz, Adviye Esin. "Examination Of Metacognitive Factors In Relation To Anxiety And Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-cultural Study." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608932/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the validity of the main concepts of metacognitive theory in a Turkish sample and set the stage for metacognitive research in Turkey from the clinical psychology perspective. In addition to this, research attention was focused on two important topics remained to be empirically validated in the metacognition literature: (1) the unique contributions of &ldquocognitive content&rdquo
versus &ldquo
metacognition&rdquo
to the prediction of anxiety and depression symptoms, and (2) the vulnerability function of metacognitions in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. To achieve these generic aims of the study, a two-step research plan each of which has its own specific objectives was followed. Data for cross-sectional and prospective parts of the study were collected from Turkish and British non-clinical samples. In the cross-sectional part, mainly the independent contribution of metacognitions to pathological worry, obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and anxiety and depressive symptoms above and beyond the contribution of cognitive content was evaluated. By doing so, also the relationship patterns between metacognitions and psychological symptomatology were revealed in the Turkish sample. Consistent with the recent burgeoning of research, the association between increased levels of metacognitions and increased levels of anxiety and depression was shown in the Turkish sample, as well. Moreover, metacognitive factors were found to be associated with the symptoms of anxiety and depression independently of the relevant cognitive content. In most analyses, metacognitions emerged as slightly stronger predictors of a given symptom dimension compared to the relevant cognitive content. In the prospective part, the causal role of metacognitions following stress in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms was examined. In the Turkish sample, higher levels of negative beliefs about worry predicted augmentation in anxiety and depression symptoms from Time 1 to Time 2. Besides, higher levels of lack of cognitive confidence interacted with higher levels of daily hassles to predict intensification of the anxiety scores. However, the British data did not support the causal role of metacognitions in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. The statistical comparisons between Turkish and British samples indicated that the Turkish sample has a tendency to score significantly higher than the British sample on the metacognitive variables. Moreover, for all but one metacognitive factor, the interactions with cultural group (Turkish vs. British) were not significant in predicting psychopathology, indicating generalization of metacognitive theory to both the Turkish and British samples. Findings of this study were well in line with the metacognitive theory and discussed in the light of the relevant literature.
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Chambers, Jessica, Diana Morelen, Jason Steadman, and Michelle Hurley. "Internalizing Symptoms Associated with Emotional Abuse: An Examination of Religious Social Support as a Moderating Variable." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/440.
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Emotional abuse in childhood is linked to an increased risk for internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety in adulthood. Religious social support offers a promising defense in maintaining mental well-being in the face of trauma. This study aims to investigate if religious social support in childhood will moderate the impact of negative outcomes associated with emotional abuse. Further, this study will examine whether and how gender and ethnicity impact this relationship. The sample includes undergraduate students attending East Tennessee State University, located in the southeastern United States (n = 471, 73% female, 11% African American, M age = 20.37, SD = 4.84). Participants completed an online survey that asked about childhood experiences (e.g., emotional abuse, emotion socialization, religious social support) as well as current mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression). Data was analyzed using Statistical Software for the Social Sciences. Bivariate relations were examined through Pearson’s correlations and moderated moderation was tested via the Hayes Process Macro (version 3.0, Model 3). Results indicated that religious social support from childhood was negatively related to depression and anxiety whereas negative religious experiences from childhood were positively related to depression and anxiety. Harsh emotion parenting from childhood was positively related to depression and anxiety in adulthood. Results did not find support for moderated moderation for predicting depression or anxiety. Chi-squared indicated no significant differences in the percentage of individuals who endorsed childhood emotional abuse due to ethnicity, gender, or the interaction of gender and ethnicity. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs that follow children across time to better understand whether and how religious social support may be a buffer for emotional abuse experienced in childhood.
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Chambers, Jessica M., and Diana M. Morelen. "Internalizing Symptoms Associated with Emotional Abuse: An Examiniation of Religious Social Support as a Moderating Variable." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/101.
Full textAbstract:
Emotional abuse in childhood is linked to an increased risk for internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety in adulthood. Religious social support offers a promising defense in maintaining mental well-being in the face of trauma. This study aims to investigate if religious social support in childhood will moderate the impact of negative outcomes associated with emotional abuse. Further, this study will examine whether and how gender and ethnicity impact this relationship. The sample includes undergraduate students attending East Tennessee State University (ETSU), located in the southeastern United States (n = 554, 61% female, 11% Black, M age = 20.38 SD = 4.69). Participants completed an online survey that asked about childhood experiences (e.g., emotional abuse, emotion socialization, religious social support) as well as current mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression). Data was analyzed using Statistical Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Bivariate relations were examined through Pearson’s correlations and moderated moderation was tested via the Hayes Process Macro (version 3.0, Model 3). Results indicated that religious social support from childhood was negatively related to depression (r = -.23, p = .00) and anxiety (r = -.24, p = 00) whereas negative religious experiences from childhood were positively related to depression (r = .35, p = .00) and anxiety (r = .32, p = .00). Harsh emotional parenting from childhood was positively related to depression (r = .56, p = .00) and anxiety (r = .24, p = .00) in adulthood. Results did not find support for moderated moderation for predicting depression F[1, 360] = .25; ; R2 < .001; p = .62) or anxiety F[1, 360] = .31; R2 < .001; p = .58). Chi-squared indicated no significant differences in the percentage of individuals who endorsed childhood emotional abuse due to ethnicity, gender, or the interaction of ethnicity and gender. There are limitations to retrospective report of experiences from childhood. Future research would benefit from longitudinal designs that follow children across time to better understand whether and how religious social support may be a buffer for emotional abuse experienced in childhood.
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Mayer, Linda. "Analysis of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents using the interRAI-LTCF in a long-term care facility in the Cape metropole in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6837.
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Magister Curationis - MCurWorldwide concerns have been raised about the presence and association of depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia in older adults (60 years and older), which are often unrecognised and untreated in long-term care facilities (LTCF’s). The progression of cognitive impairment to dementia reduces quality of life with negative consequences of physical, mental, and psychosocial health. In many LTCF’s internationally, the standardised interRAI system is used to capture depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. However, there is a fragmentation of systems for making evidence-based decisions to plan and manage care for residents with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This study, being the first of its kind in South Africa, addressed this gap, by describing a profile of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents, and analysing their coexistence, using the interRAI-LTCF in a LTCF in the Cape Metropole in South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using the records of all 173 resident’s medical records of residents with a last interRAI-LTCF assessment from 2014 and 2016. The objectives were to determine the levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment, and to assess variously associated demographics and clinical variables between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment of the interRAI-LTCF in residents in a LTCF. Secondary data were analysed, using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25, to test any statistically significant relationship between the extracted variables (Significance was set as p˂0.05). The prevalence of possible depression, using the Depression Rating Scale (DRS) of the interRAI-LTCF in the residents in this study was 36.4%, of whom 54.3% had a documented clinical diagnosis of depression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 39.3%, using the Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), of whom 34.1% had a documented clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment/dementia. There were more females than males with the possibility for depression and cognitive impairment, especially in those who were older than 80 years of age, those without partners, and who had ≤12 years of education. The DRS and the CPS were able to predict the possibility for depression and CI. There is a 55.9% risk of possible depression with CI present as compared to a 23.8% risk of possible depression when CI is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for CI on the CPS are 2.3 times more likely to meet the criteria for possible depression on the DRS. Similarly, there is a 60.3% risk of CI with possible depression present as compared to a 27.3% risk of CI when possible depression is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for possible depression on the DRS are 2.2 times more likely to meet the criteria for CI on the CPS. The logistic regression confirmed the coexistence between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Zelic, Kate J. "Relational Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397693718.
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Alhurani, Abdullah S. "CO-MORBID SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AND BIO-BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/21.
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Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem throughout the world. It accounts for one death certificate among nine in the United States. Heart failure and sudden death combined are responsible for the largest number of deaths in America. The total costs of HF in the United States are estimated to be $37 billion each year. Despite substantial medical and surgical advances related to treatment of HF, it remains a very costly condition with high mortality and morbidity rates. Although biological factors contribute to high morbidity and mortality in HF, there are many unexplored psychosocial factors that also likely contribute to these rates. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation was to examine the association between some of the psychosocial factors (i.e. depression, anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, stress, cognitive appraisal, and coping) and health outcomes as defined by rehospitalisation and mortality among HF patients.
The first paper is a report of longitudinal study of 1,260 patients with HF. The purpose of the study was to determine whether co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for cardiac causes in patients with HF. Anxiety and depression were treated first as continuous level variables, then as categorical variables using standard published cut points. Patients were then divided into four groups based on the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. When depression and anxiety were treated as continuous level variables, both comorbid depression and anxiety, and depression alone were significant predictors of all-cause mortality. However, when depression and anxiety were treated as categorical variables, comorbid depression and anxiety was a predictor of all-cause mortality, while anxiety and depressive symptoms considered alone were not independent predictors of the same outcome. None of those variables were significant predictors of cardiac rehospitalization outcome, regardless of whether entered as continuous or categorical level variables.
The second paper is a report of a study that was conducted to (1) examine the association of stress with 6-month cardiac event-free survival; (2) examine the relationship of stress with salivary cortisol; and (3) examine the association of salivary cortisol level with 6-month cardiac event-free survival. The study sample was 81 HF patients. A prospective design was used in which patients were followed for 6 months to determine occurrence of 6-month cardiac event-free survival, defined as time to the combined endpoint of cardiac rehospitalization or all-cause death. Stress was not a significant predictor of event-free survival in HF, salivary cortisol was a significant predictor of event-free survival in the unadjusted model, but not in the adjusted model, and stress was not a significant predictor of salivary cortisol level.
The final paper is a report of prospective design study that aimed to describe self-reported stress level, cognitive appraisal and coping among patients with HF, and to examine the association of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies with event-free survival based on a proposed model of HF patients’ response to stressors that been suggested according to literature to date. The study sample consisted of 88 HF patients who been followed for 6 months to determine occurrence of the combined endpoint of rehospitalization for cardiac causes or all-cause death. The study showed that stress level was associated with harm and loss cognitive appraisal. Harm/loss and threat cognitive appraisals were associated with avoidant emotional coping. Furthermore, harm/loss cognitive appraisal was a significant predictor of avoidant emotional coping and event free survival. Finally avoidant emotional coping was a significant predictor of event free survival among HF patients in the unadjusted model, but not in the adjusted model.
The findings from this dissertation provided further evidence of the importance of psychosocial factors to health outcomes in HF patients. It also filled important gaps in the body of knowledge related to health outcomes among those with HF by demonstrating the need for cognitive and behavioral therapy among HF patients who negatively appraise their health condition.