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Strid, Matilda. "Does Play Pre-separation Affect Separation Behaviors in Dogs?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148212.
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Separation anxiety is one of the most common behavioral disorder in companion dogs. Dogs not suffering from separation anxiety may still exhibit separation-related behaviors, which can differ depending on environmental contexts. In the present study, dogs without separation-related problems were video recorded during a short separation (3 min) from, and during reunion with, their owner. Comparison was done between if the dogs had played or been calm pre-separation. The dogs spent most time in proximity to the entrance and gazing towards where the owner left during separation. Their body-position was mostly standing, followed by sitting. All dogs were wining during separation, which occurred approximately four times more than barking. Dogs that had played pre-separation were running around more and had a longer latency to the first movement, compared to when they had been calm pre-separation. During reunion, when dogs had played pre-separation, they wagged their tail more and had a longer latency to lip licking, compared to when they had been calm pre-separation. The separation behaviors that occurred in this study aligns with previous work in this subject. Furthermore, one can suggest that play pre-separation might have an effect on separation behaviors, where speculations can be done if the positive affect associated with play might be the underlying cause for these findings.
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Partamian, Catherine M. "The impact of child adjustment to preschool on maternal separation anxiety." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3229.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 105. Thesis director: Carol J. Erdwins. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-104). Also issued in print.
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Berry, Chantalle Laura Marie Magdalen. "Adult separation anxiety and substance use : implications for counselling psychology." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590027.
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Adult Separation Anxiety (ASA) is an under-researched phenomenon and is currently not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) despite a growing body of research literature showing its presentation in adults. There are a significant number of studies of adults using illicit substances and studies linking the use of substances and anxiety, yet none found so far to link substance use with Adult Separation Anxiety. The first aim of the current study was to investigate if Adult Separation Anxiety was present in a group of substance using clients in a drug treatment service. The second aim was to then explore the meaning and construction of the anxiety in those substance users presenting with this anxiety. Thirty-two substance using clients within a drug treatment service were given the Adult Separation Anxiety Self-Report Questionnaire (ASA-27), see Appendix 11. From this, 12 were interviewed using the Adult Separation Anxiety Semi-Structured Interview (SASI-II). The questionnaire data was analysed using the cut-off rates given by the questionnaire creators as indicators for the presence of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder. The interview data was analysed using a Grounded Theory methodology to generate a theory. From the questionnaire scores 16 of the 32 participants who completed the ASA-27 questionnaire scored above 22, the cut-off for Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder, and 21 of the 32 participants scored above 16, the cut-off rate indicating the presence of Adult Separation Anxiety. Analysis of the interviews generated a theory of the importance of others to the participants and how this impacted their anxiety, substance use, self-perception and their fear of loss. 20
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Lease, Cynthia A. "Separation anxiety and adjustment to college : an attachment-theoretical perspective /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164042/.
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Garmroudinezhad, Rostami Elham. "Separation anxiety in children suffering from sleep terrors or sleepwalking." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34482.
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La relation entre la psychopathologie développementale et le sommeil, ou vice versa, est complexe (Gregory & Sadeh, 2016). Davantage de recherche est nécessaire, y compris des études longitudinales populationnelles chez les enfants. Cependant, le trouble d'anxiété généralisée et le trouble d'anxiété de séparation comptent tous deux les problèmes de sommeil parmi leurs principaux symptômes chez les enfants en clinique (Kupfer, 2015; Shanahan et al., 2014). Les résultats sont toutefois mitigés et certaines perturbations du sommeil ne sont pas associées à l'anxiété dans la population non-clinique d'enfants. On sait peu de choses sur la relation entre l'anxiété de séparation et les terreurs nocturnes et le somnambulisme chez les enfants d'une population non clinique. Donc, dans ce mèmoire, je tente de démontrer la présence de liens entre l'anxiété de séparation et les terreurs nocturnes d’une part, et le somnambulisme d’autre part, dans la petite enfance ; je teste la robustesse de ces associations après avoir pris en compte l'anxiété générale chez les participants. Enfin, j’explorerai les différences entre les sexes pour ces associations. Cette recherche fait partie de l'Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec (ÉLDEQ, Canada), pilotée par l'Institut de la statistique du Québec. Dans l'échantillon initial, 2223 familles ont été incluses lorsque les enfants avaient environ cinq mois. Dans cette étude, l'anxiété de séparation et l'anxiété générale ont été mesurés chaque année entre l'âge de 1,5 et 6 ans grâce au questionnaire informatisé rempli par l'interviewer, un entretien structuré en face à face avec la mère (N = 2045; 2044). Les terreurs nocturnes ont été évaluées entre 1,5 et 6 ans et le somnambulisme entre 2,5 et 6 ans à l'aide d'un questionnaire autoadministré à la mère (N = 1840; 1849). Un score moyen à travers les temps de mesure a été calculé pour l'anxiété de séparation et l'anxiété générale alors qu’une somme a été calculée pour les terreurs nocturnes et le somnambulisme. Les associations ont été testées par des régressions hiérarchiques en trois étapes : (1) anxiété de séparation et facteurs de confusion, (2) inclusion de l'anxiété générale et (3) inclusion d'un terme d'interaction sexe * anxiété de séparation. L'une des principales conclusions de cette étude est que l'anxiété de séparation pouvait prédire à la fois les terreurs nocturnes et le somnambulisme dans la petite enfance, même après contrôle de l'anxiété générale entrée comme facteur de confusion dans les modèles. Cette dernière n'a montré aucune association avec les deux parasomnies. Les associations n’étaient pas différentes pour les garçons et les filles. Nos résultats ont montré que l'anxiété de séparation pourrait jouer un rôle dans l’apparition des terreurs nocturnes et du somnambulisme chez les jeunes enfants dans la population générale (non-clinique). Cette étude représente une étape importante dans la compréhension des liens entre les symptômes d’anxiété de séparation et le sommeil chez les enfants.The relationship between developmental psychopathology and sleep is complex (Gregory & Sadeh, 2016). More research is needed, including longitudinal population-based studies in children. However, Generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder all list sleep problems among their core symptoms in clinical children population (Kupfer, 2015; Shanahan et al., 2014), but results are mixed and sleep disturbances may not be associated with anxiety in non-clinical population of children. Little is known the relationship between separation anxiety and night terrors and sleepwalking among children in a non-clinical population. So, in this dissertation, I explore the links between separation anxiety and night terrors on one hand, and sleepwalking on the other hand, in a non-clinical early childhood sample. This research is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, Canada), initiated by the Quebec Institute of Statistics. In the initial sample, 2223 families were included when children were approximately 5 months. Separation anxiety and General anxiety were measured from the ages of yearly 1.5 to 6 years through the Interviewer Completed Computerized Questionnaire, a face-to-face structured interview with the mother (N= 2045; 2044). Night terrors were assessed from 1.5 to 6 years of age, and sleepwalking from 2.5 years to 6 years, through a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mother (N= 1840; 1849). A mean score across measurement times was calculated for separation anxiety and general anxiety, and a sum for night terrors and sleepwalking. I tested the associations with three-step hierarchical regression models: (1) inclusion of separation anxiety and confounding factors as predictors, (2) inclusion of general anxiety, and (3) inclusion of an interaction term gender*separation anxiety. One of the major findings of this study is that separation anxiety predicts both night terrors and sleepwalking in early childhood, even after controlling for general anxiety. The latter showed no associations with any of the two parasomnias. Finally, these associations were not different for boys and girls. Our findings have shown that separation anxiety may play a role in night terrors and sleepwalking etiology. This study represents an important step for a better understanding of the association between separation anxiety symptoms and sleep in children in the general (non-clinical) population.
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Boddy, Christopher Ryan. "Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD): Developmental Implications and Clinical Correlates." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/11.
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Separation anxiety (SA) is often thought to occur exclusively during childhood; however, recent research has identified a putative diagnosis of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD), which mirrors separation anxiety often exhibited during juvenile years. Several studies have suggested that exposure to certain parental features during childhood may lead to the development of ASAD, including parental depression, parental anxiety, and parental overprotection. This study aimed to address these hypotheses by examining retrospective report of exposure to specific parental features among a population of adults diagnosed with ASAD and to elucidate important clinical correlates related to ASAD, such as impairment in daily functioning.
The present study used a survey design which was nationally representative and based on the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and which consisted of a population of 436 participants with a lifetime diagnosis of ASAD and 2,438 participants with no history of a DSM-IV diagnosis. Participants were asked to respond retrospectively about their exposure to the above-mentioned parental features during childhood. Chi square tests revealed that participants with a diagnosis of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder endorsed exposure to significantly more parental anxiety and parental depression. Additionally, chi square tests indicated that these individuals reported more features related to preoccupied attachment. Using survey participants with a diagnosis of ASAD or subclinical levels of ASAD, the effects of treatment on daily functioning, as well as the level of functional impairment associated with ASAD was measured. Individuals with a history of treatment for ASAD reported significantly more functional impairment in the area of work than those without treatment. An independent-samples t-test revealed that respondents with a diagnosis of ASAD endorsed significantly more parental overprotection than did respondents with no diagnosis. Last, the continuity hypothesis, which states that juvenile symptoms of separation anxiety continue into adulthood, was explored. A chi square goodness-of-fit test was used to determine whether these data fit the continuity hypothesis model. Results did not support the continuity hypothesis, as the number of participants who endorsed childhood separation anxiety was significantly lower than the expected count.
Future research should aim to identify efficacious treatments for ASAD, as few studies to date have demonstrated effective means of treating patients with this disorder.
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Curry, Donna Miles. "The relationship among parental separation anxiety, infant temperament and parent-infant interaction during separation : a longitudinal study /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487678444257353.
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Provet, Anne Gersony. "Familial and psychological factors associated with separation anxiety in the preschool child." Thesis, Boston University, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/34667.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Childhood separation anxiety has been linked to stressful life events in the family, maternal depression and anxiety which engenders anxiety in the child, as well as various adult psychopathologies including panic disorder and agoraphobia which may have a familial association with the childhood disorder. It has further been proposed that the child's capacity to separate without anxiety is founded on an ability to form stable internal representations of caregivers, an ability founded on basic memory skills. The current study examines the relationship between separation anxiety in the preschool child and maternal depression and anxiety, family history of anxiety and affective disorders, and life events. It also evaluates the memory functioning of the child as it relates to separation anxiety. The subjects were 45 preschool children selected from a nursery school in Spring Valley, New York. Degree of separation anxiety was determined by parent interview with the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents and teacher and mother global ratings which include an assessment of current functioning as well a retrospective report of behavior during the first month of school. Maternal and family histories were assessed with the non-patient version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IIIR; life events with the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview, Life Events Scale. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities was used to assess the child's memory. Results suggest that a diagnosis of separation anxiety in the child is associated with the mother's report of separation anxiety in her childhood and with a family history of affective and anxiety disorders; family histories of panic disorder and agoraphobia were not, however, related to separation anxiety in the child. The child with separation anxiety at the start of the school year was more likely to have a positive family history of anxiety while the child who had these symptoms at the end of the year was more likely to be depressed and to have a family history of affective disorder. Children with high levels of separation anxiety had fewer life events and physical separation from parents. The child's memory skills did not correlate with separation anxiety.
2031-01-01
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Lutz, Wilma Jean Vargo. "Adult attachment representations and maternal separation anxiety in mothers of firstborn infants /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841975358134.
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Cronk, Nikole J. "Causes of comorbidity among internalizing disorders of childhood and adolescence the roles of neuroticisim, genes and environment /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4445.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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McPherson, Justine Amanda. "Aetiology, characterisation, and prediction of separation induced behaviour in the domestic dog." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264847.
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Williams, Lucy Morley. "An exploration of the association between attachment status and the development of a theory of mind in the pre-school years." Thesis, Roehampton University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325672.
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Santorelli, Noelle T. "Developmental Antecedents of Symptoms of Adult Separation Anxiety in Young Adult College Students." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/75.
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Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is rarely considered in adults presenting with anxious symptomatology, but a growing body of evidence suggests that its symptoms are experienced by a significant number of adults. Early parent-child relationships are an especially important area of study for understanding SAD. Moreover, the attachment style that is formed through early parent-child interactions may serve as a mediator to later expression of symptoms of adult separation anxiety (ASA). Studying the early parent-child relationship and perceived parenting styles in conjunction with individual attachment styles will allow for a more systemic approach to understanding potential risk factors for the development of ASA. Young adult college students may be particularly vulnerable to ASA as they transition into college and away from primary caregivers. This study investigates a mediational model with individual attachment style serving as a mediator between perceived early parenting styles and symptoms of ASA in 170 first-year college students between the ages of 18-20. As anticipated a large percent of the sample endorsed clinically significant levels of symptoms of ASA (47%). In addition, results utilizing bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that a perceived indifferent parenting style had an indirect effect on symptoms of ASA, with the effect occurring through an anxious attachment style. Support for the mediation model was obtained when statistically controlling for perceived parenting styles of overcontrol and abuse as well as confounding variables including age, sex, number of different families lived with and emotionality domains of temperament (distress, anger, and fearfulness). Highlighting the role of perceived parenting styles and attachment styles in the development of symptoms of ASA will serve to establish potential family-based interventions and help in the development of prevention programs. Examining symptoms of ASA in young adult college students may result in the development of university-based psycho-educational programs to help these students master a challenging transitional period. This study is one of the first to explore a model that can help to explain the developmental trajectory of symptoms of ASA. Future studies are encouraged to consider symptoms of ASA when investigating anxious symptomatology in adult populations.
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Colonna, Christine. "Secret to managing multiple cases of separation anxiety in the early childhood classroom /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 2007. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/education/2007/thesis_edu_2007_colon_secre.pdf.
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Aveni, Christina Marie. "The effects of biblioplay on anxiety related to first preschool experiences." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020035/.
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Brückl, Tanja M., Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael Höfler, Hildegard Pfister, Silvia Schneider, and Roselind Lieb. "Childhood Separation Anxiety and the Risk of Subsequent Psychopathology: Results from a Community Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100057.
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Objective: To examine the association between separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and mental disorders in a community sample and to evaluate whether separation anxiety is specifically related to panic disorder with and without agoraphobia.
Method: The data come from a 4-year, prospective longitudinal study of a representative cohort of adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline in Munich, Germany. The present analyses are based on a subsample of the younger cohort that completed baseline and two follow-up investigations (n = 1,090). DSM-IV diagnoses were made using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cox regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to examine whether prior SAD is associated with an increased risk for subsequent mental disorders.
Results: Participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for SAD were at an increased risk of developing subsequent panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDAG) (HR = 18.1, 95% CI = 5.6–58.7), specific phobia (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.001–7.6), generalized anxiety disorder (HR = 9.4, 95% CI = 1.8–48.7), obsessive-compulsive disorder (HR = 10.7, 95% CI = 1.7–66.1), bipolar disorder (HR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8–20.8), pain disorder (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3–9.1), and alcohol dependence (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.7–12.4). Increased hazard rates for PDAG (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4–12.1), bipolar disorder type II (HR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.3–27.4), pain disorder (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.01–3.5), and alcohol dependence (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1–4.) were also found for subjects fulfilling subthreshold SAD.
Conclusions: Although revealing a strong association between SAD and PDAG, our results argue against a specific SAD-PDAG relationship. PDAG was neither a specific outcome nor a complete mediator variable of SAD.
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Willetts, Lucy E. "The intergenerational transmission of social and separation anxiety : the role of family environment factors." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427802.
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Brückl, Tanja M., Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael Höfler, Hildegard Pfister, Silvia Schneider, and Roselind Lieb. "Childhood Separation Anxiety and the Risk of Subsequent Psychopathology: Results from a Community Study." Karger, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26280.
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Objective: To examine the association between separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and mental disorders in a community sample and to evaluate whether separation anxiety is specifically related to panic disorder with and without agoraphobia.
Method: The data come from a 4-year, prospective longitudinal study of a representative cohort of adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline in Munich, Germany. The present analyses are based on a subsample of the younger cohort that completed baseline and two follow-up investigations (n = 1,090). DSM-IV diagnoses were made using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cox regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to examine whether prior SAD is associated with an increased risk for subsequent mental disorders.
Results: Participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for SAD were at an increased risk of developing subsequent panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDAG) (HR = 18.1, 95% CI = 5.6–58.7), specific phobia (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.001–7.6), generalized anxiety disorder (HR = 9.4, 95% CI = 1.8–48.7), obsessive-compulsive disorder (HR = 10.7, 95% CI = 1.7–66.1), bipolar disorder (HR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8–20.8), pain disorder (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3–9.1), and alcohol dependence (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.7–12.4). Increased hazard rates for PDAG (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4–12.1), bipolar disorder type II (HR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.3–27.4), pain disorder (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.01–3.5), and alcohol dependence (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1–4.) were also found for subjects fulfilling subthreshold SAD.
Conclusions: Although revealing a strong association between SAD and PDAG, our results argue against a specific SAD-PDAG relationship. PDAG was neither a specific outcome nor a complete mediator variable of SAD.
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Psouni, Elia Eleftheria. "Beliefs about mothering and fathering, in non-parents and parents : themes, structure and well-being." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f2ed8fcf-25f2-4d04-8413-8f807de8a13e.
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Santucci, Lauren C. "A randomized-controlled trial of a one-week summer treatment program for childhood separation anxiety disorder." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32054.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is the most common and impairing childhood anxiety disorder. Left untreated, SAD is associated with heightened risk for the development of additional internalizing disorders as well as impairments in educational attainment and social functioning. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, including SAD. However, additional research is needed to enhance the compatibility (e.g., fit of the treatment to the patient population) and ultimate uptake of evidence-based interventions for anxious youth. The current research evaluates the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intensive, cognitive-behavioral intervention for school-aged girls with SAD provided within the novel context of a one-week camp-like setting. This alternative treatment format was predicated on evidence supporting the need for treatments that allow for creative and developmentally-sensitive applications of intervention components, incorporate a child's social context, target relevant parenting variables, and provide additional models for treatment delivery. Twenty-nine female children aged 7 to 12 with a principal or co-principal diagnosis of SAD were randomized to an immediate treatment (n = 15) or waitlist (i.e., delayed treatment; n = 14) condition during the course of this randomized-controlled trial. Measures were administered at pretreatment/ pre-waitlist, post-treatment/post-waitlist, and six weeks following treatment to assess changes in symptom reports, functional outcomes, and overall program satisfaction. Analyses of covariance were conducted to assess effects of treatment condition and repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to evaluate change over the three data collection time points. Relative to waitlist, children in the immediate treatment group evidenced significant reductions in SAD severity by clinician report on a diagnostic interview measure. Moreover, treatment gains strengthened over time. Contrary to hypotheses, children receiving the intervention did not display significantly greater improvements relative to waitlist on parent-rated fear and avoidance scores or on parent or child self-report measures. Potential explanations for non-significant findings are discussed. Overall, the intervention's positive therapeutic response on SAD diagnostic status and severity suggests one possible delivery model for surmounting difficulties faced in the dissemination of standard, weekly treatments for this condition.
2031-01-02
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Crawley, Sarah. "Somatic Complaints in Anxious Youth." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/155885.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: This study examined (a) the distribution of physical symptoms in youth with specific primary anxiety disorders (i.e. separation anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and social phobia [SP]) and (b) their response to treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; 14 sessions of CBT over the course of 12 weeks), medication, combination therapy (CBT + medication), or pill placebo in a sample. Method: Anxiety disordered youth (N = 488, age 7-17) who met criteria for a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or SP as part of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et al. 2008) were included in this study. The sample was diverse and included children with comorbid secondary diagnoses. Results: The most common somatic complaints were headache, stomach pain or aches, feeling drowsy or too sleepy, head cold or sniffles, and sleeplessness. The distribution of these complaints did not differ across diagnostic groups. The number and severity of physical symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Treatment condition, including placebo, was unrelated to the number and severity of physical symptoms posttreatment. Conclusions: Treatment of anxiety leads to a decrease in the number and severity of physical symptoms experienced in anxiety-disordered youth, irrespective of treatment type.
Temple University--Theses
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Ellwanger, Pamela Betz. "Adolescent cohesion/attachment to parents : relationships with parental attachment style, marital satisfaction, and separation anxiety." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1240426502.
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Draper, John E. "The relationship between adolescent psychological separation processes and interpersonal style /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809669.
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Ejdre, Anna. "Barns anknytning i förskolan : Separationsångest mellan barn och pedagog." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20985.
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My essay is about a dilemma that came up on a preschool that I worked in. My purpose with my essay is to examine and to get an understanding for what children with attachement and separation anxiety goes through, and how a preschool teacher the best way can help them. The background story is about a boy named Sixten (not his real name). When separated from one of the preschool teachers Sixten exhibits a great deal of separation anxiety. In the story I give some clear examples of situations where Sixten displays this separation anxiety. I have in the essay viewed it from different perspectives and I have questioned my own role as an educator, but also my entire team. I have the whole time analyzed my own and my colleagues actions to be able to find out where the dilemma really is. I have gained new knowledge through the study of academic literature and my own analysis of the situations with separation anxiety. I have also learned how to use that knowledge in my work as a preschool teacher.
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Bubier, Jennifer L. "Co-occurrence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder with Generalized and Separation Anxiety Disorders Among Inner-city Children." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/48936.
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PsychologyPh.D.
There is a paucity of research that has examined co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (ODD+GAD) symptoms and oppositional defiant disorder and separation anxiety disorder (ODD+SAD) symptoms among children. To address this gap, I investigated multiple explanations for the co-occurrence of ODD+GAD and ODD+SAD. Specifically, I investigated whether (a) GAD symptoms prospectively predicted ODD symptoms and SAD symptoms prospectively predicted ODD symptoms (Explanation 1), (b) ODD symptoms prospectively predicted GAD symptoms and ODD symptoms prospectively predicted SAD symptoms (Explanation 2), and (c) shared risk processes accounted for the co-occurrence of ODD+GAD and ODD+SAD (Explanation 3). Participants were an ethnic minority, inner-city sample of first through fourth grade children (N = 88, 51% male) and their primary caregivers. I used data collected at the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments of the Child Health and Behavior Study, a longitudinal survey of families residing in North Philadelphia. Findings provided support for Explanation 2 and Explanation 3 in the development of co-occurring ODD+GAD symptoms and support for Explanation 3 in the development of co-occurring ODD+SAD symptoms. This study contributes to the extant literature by providing the first empirical examination of these multiple explanations in an ethnic minority, inner city sample of children.
Temple University--Theses
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Wahlund, Thomas. "Emotional resilience in humans as an effect of hippocampal pattern separation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19925.
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Pattern separation is the means by which the brain discriminates similar experiences. It enables retrieval of individuated memories without confusing them with other memories. It is the reason one remembers where one parked the car today and does not mix it up with where one parked it previously. Adult neurogenesis refers to the ongoing production of neurons in the mature brain. One of the likely roles of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is facilitating pattern separation. Induced reduction of adult neurogenesis in non-human animals is associated with depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. One possible explanation is that reduced neurogenesis leads to reduced pattern separation, further leading to overgeneralization of threat situations. Instead of perceiving threats where it should, the animal risks perceiving threats everywhere. Emotional resilience is the ability to recover from adversity with a minimum of lingering negative effects such as depression or anxiety. This thesis investigates whether pattern separation in the human hippocampus supports emotional resilience. I performed a systematic review of studies that used the Mnemonic Similarity Task – a memory task commonly used to measure human pattern separation – to investigate the relationship between pattern separation and anxiety. The results are inconclusive but suggest a possible interaction effect whereby pattern separation and high-arousal states like stress predict anxiety. Together with the evidence from the non-human animal studies, this suggests that reduced pattern separation as caused by reduced neurogenesis could make one vulnerable to developing anxiety disorders.
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Salt, Julia Louise. "The relationship between maternal sensitivity in infancy, and actual and feared separation in childhood, on the development of adolescent antisocial behaviour." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13565.
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Background: Research exploring the developmental of adolescent antisocial behaviour suggests that a secure attachment style is a protective factor against problem behaviour (Bowlby, 1969). It is theorised that disruptions in the attachment relationship can increase the likelihood of adjustment difficulties in adolescence, including antisocial behaviour (MacDonald, 1985). Such relationships have been inferred by cross-sectional research studies, but have yet to be tested in a longitudinal sample. Aims: This research is a secondary data analysis, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort study, to explore the relationship between attachment and adolescent antisocial behaviour at age 15.5 years. Attachment was measured using three component measures; maternal sensitivity in infancy (sample 1), separations from main caregiver in early childhood, age 3-5 years (sample 2) and the presence of separation anxiety in middle childhood, age 81 months, 6.75 years (sample 3). Results: Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships. Using available data, in sample 1 (n=456 complete cases) no evidence was found to support an association between non-positive maternal sensitivity in infancy and an increased incidence of adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=0.79 [CI=0.42-1.48], p=0.46). In sample two (n=3,961), the number of separations in infancy were not found to significantly increase the risk of adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=1.26 [CI=0.94-1.71], p=0.17). Separation anxiety in middle childhood was not found to have an effect on adolescent antisocial behaviour (OR=1.01 [CI=0.80-1.26], p=0.96). Conclusions: The findings suggest that although components of attachment, as measured in this study, were hypothesised to be associated with an increased risk of adolescent antisocial behaviour, this was not statistically supported in this study. In this study effects may be limited due to attrition, leading to the loss of antisocial adolescents from the study, creating a bias in the sample studied.
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La, Beur Howard Edward. "Communications effect on employee anxiety and loyalty during a merger." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1961.
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Only in about 35 percent of mergers do companies meet their pre-merger goals. One cause of these failures is attributed to the unstable work environment created by a pending merger. Previous research has focused on post-merger attitudes of employees. The purpose of the current study was to explore communication processes in announcing a merger. Scenarios were used to simulate merger announcements.
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Sood, Erica D. "Ethnicity, acculturation and religiosity predict parents' causal beliefs about separation anxiety disorder and preferences for help-seeking." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/40036.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Ethnic minority youth use mental health services less frequently than Caucasian youth, despite similar rates of psychopathology. Research has documented ethnic differences in (1) parents' beliefs about the seriousness, prognosis, and etiology of child symptoms and (2) preferences for help-seeking, which may partially explain disparities in treatment utilization; however, few studies have examined underlying cultural factors that may account for ethnic differences or parent's beliefs and preferences with regard to youth anxiety. This study examined parents' beliefs about separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and preferences for help-seeking among 117 Indian-American (IA; n = 39), Puerto Rican (PR; n = 39), and European-American (EA; n = 39) mothers. After reading four vignettes describing SAD symptoms, parents rated the seriousness, prognosis, and etiology of symptoms and the likelihood of help-seeking. Parents also completed measures of acculturation, independent/interdependent self-construal, and strength of religious faith. RM-MANCOVA (controlling for SES) revealed that PR mothers were more likely than EA mothers to endorse medical etiology and were more likely than IA mothers to seek help from a physician. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that acculturation and strength of religious faith predicted parents' etiological beliefs and preferences for help-seeking, after accounting for variance associated with SES and child gender. Results highlight the importance of examining cultural constructs that may contribute to ethnic differences. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Hommersen, Paul. "Separation Anxiety Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder : perceived comorbidity between disorders resulting from ambiguous items and halo effects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31331.
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Although theoretical arguments would suggest little comorbidity between Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), epidemiological studies find otherwise. I examined whether ambiguous symptoms and negative halo effects contribute to this comorbidity. In Study 1, 72 mothers read scenarios of children displaying either SAD or ODD behaviors. The SAD scenarios included behaviors considered by judges to be pure exemplars of SAD, as well as behaviors considered to be ambiguous representations of the disorder. ODD scenarios also included both pure and ambiguous behaviors. After each scenario, mothers rated the child on the behaviors presented in the scenario, as well as behaviors of the alternate disorder, and somatic symptoms. Mothers endorsed the ambiguous behaviors presented in the scenarios significantly less than the pure behaviors; and rated the ambiguous behaviors of the non-presented disorder significantly more often than the pure behaviors of the non-presented disorder. This suggests that some comorbidity between SAD and ODD may be explained by the presence of ambiguous items representing the two disorders. For the SAD scenarios, mothers also endorsed non-presented somatic symptoms, suggesting a general negative halo bias in maternal ratings of anxious children. Study 2 used a clinical sample of parents (N = 201) and youth (N = 177) and examined whether using only nonambiguous, or pure, items from commonly used rating scales would decrease the degree of relatedness between SAD and ODD symptoms. Pure anxiety and oppositional scales were created from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR). In general, the relationship between these pure scales was compared to the relationship between the commonly used, empirically-derived and DSM-oriented scales assessing anxiety and oppositionality on the CBCL and YSR. The pure scales were significantly less related than the empirical or DSM-oriented scales. Thus, the relatedness of the disorders was decreased by assessing only pure exemplars. In sum, the results of these studies suggest that the comorbidity of SAD and ODD observed in epidemiological studies may be partially due to the inclusion of ambiguous items on commonly used rating scales. Implications for clinical assessment and theory are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Wolfe, Nancy L. "Application of the relational model of therapy in cross cultural counseling with children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/511.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the origins of the Multicultural Relational Model of therapy and demonstrate the application of this model in the clinical setting. Subjects were two ethnic minority children, a Hispanic boy, age nine, and a mixed-race boy, age 10, who was adopted by an African American family.
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Brennan, Carol A. (Carol Ann). "Parent Adaptive Doll Play with Children Experiencing Parental Separation/Divorce." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331649/.
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Parent Adaptive Doll Play, a technique in an early stage of development, is designed for use by parents in assisting their young children to cope with the stresses of parental separation/divorce. The effects of technique implementation by parents of three- through six-year-old children were investigated. Data was collected before and after parents received training and implemented the technique over an eight-week period. Parents completed the Child Behavior Rating Scale, Burks' Behavior Rating Scales, the Parenting Stress Index, and the Parental Attitude Scale.
Twenty-two parents, reporting marital separation through separation and/or divorce, within 18 months prior to the beginning of the study, and reporting more than 50 percent physical custody of a three- through six-year-old child qualified for participation. Twelve children were experimental subjects and ten were control subjects. To determine differences between groups, a one-way analysis of covariance was performed on each post test variable. Positive differences were calculated in several areas of child behavior by parents of subjects in the experimental group. No significant differences between groups were found in any area of child behavior. The score which most closely approached significance, however, was found in the Burks' Behavior Rating Scale area of poor anger control.
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Fransson, Mari. "Attachment and the Development of Personality and Social Functioning." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-221869.
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According to attachment theory, the establishment of an attachment bond to a caregiver not only provides the infant with protection from danger, but also many other resources presumably beneficial to the child’s general psychological development. Although there is substantial empirical support for a link between attachment security and social functioning in childhood and adolescence, less is known about whether childhood attachment contributes to social functioning beyond adolescence. Similarly, attachment has been found predictive of broad aspects of a person’s functioning, but few attempts have been made to link attachment to the currently dominating perspective on personality, the Five Factor Model (FFM). Results in Study I partially supported our expectations, by showing prospective links from middle childhood security to various aspects of social functioning in young adulthood. Further, security contributed to developmental change in social functioning from middle childhood to young adulthood. In Study II, middle childhood security was found to predict some of the FFM personality traits (primarily extraversion and openness) concurrently and prospectively, partially supporting our expectations. The third aim of this thesis was to address whether attachment disorganization, which has usually been found predictive of maladaptive phenomena, may predict also other, non-pathological outcomes. In Study II, we found that higher levels of disorganization in young adulthood were concurrently associated with more openness and lower conscientiousness. Furthermore, in Study III disorganization was shown to be concurrently associated with more New Age spirituality and more absorption in adulthood. In addition, absorption was, in accordance with our expectations, found to statistically mediate the link between disorganization and New Age spirituality. Hence, these findings supported our assumption that disorganization might be expressed in other life domains besides specifically maladaptive ones. Taken together, we suggest that attachment spreads its influence to a broad set of life domains through its continuous influence on general psychological components such as cognitive representations and self-regulation abilities. However, the modest strength of our results indicates that attachment is only one among several factors involved in the development of social functioning, personality traits, and spirituality.
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Teixeira, Elsa Palma. "Desvios comportamentais nas espécies canina e felina. Panorama actual e discussão de casos clínicos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1408.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaApesar de ser uma área na qual ainda há alguma controvérsia e divergências entre autores, a medicina comportamental revela-se cada vez mais importante e útil actualmente. Este estudo tem dois objectivos principais: (1) a análise estatística da prevalência de alterações comportamentais em canídeos e felinos domésticos de uma área urbana de Portugal e (2) o estudo de casos clínicos relativos a uma das alterações mais frequentemente observadas nas consultas da especialidade, a ansiedade/fobia. Para tal, foram inquiridos os proprietários dos animais e foram acompanhados casos clínicos. Este estudo reforça que a restrição da oportunidade de sociabilização e o facto dos animais permanecerem sózinhos em casa muito tempo, representam os principais factores de risco para o surgir de um comportamento anómalo em canídeos (p<0,05). Isto está directamente relacionado com o quotidiano e estilo de vida moderna dos respectivos proprietários. Tal como foi constatado pela maioria dos autores que efectuaram estudos em vários países, neste trabalho verifica-se uma prevalência do comportamento agressivo, seguido pela ansiedade por separação em ambas as espécies. O abandono representa um importante factor de risco na ocorrência de ansiedade por separação (p<0,05) e, por sua vez, a ansiedade de separação também poderá representar um motivo importante para o abandono do animal. É importante que se trave esta tendência. Neste estudo verificou-se também que os canídeos esterilizados têm uma probabilidade 2,5 vezes superior de apresentar uma alteração comportamental relativamente a um canídeo inteiro (p<0,05; OR = 2,489) talvez porque a maioria dos animais estudados tinha idade superior a 7 anos. Deste modo, a eliminação do estímulo hormonal pode representar um risco acrescido para a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais na idade senil. No presente estudo, a disfunção cognitiva afecta quase 30% da população de cães geriátricos. Deste modo, os veterinários deverão tê-lo em consideração, principalmente em cães para os quais é requerido um elevado nível desta função (cães-guia, cães de polícia). Dos casos clínicos acompanhados podemos concluir que o grande desafio da medicina comportamental prende-se com a complexidade do diagnóstico pois todos os sinais são inespecíficos, tornando difícil perceber o perfil em questão. A base do tratamento é a modificação comportamental, servindo os fármacos apenas como adjuvantes, e como tal o prognóstico nestes casos está muito dependente da motivação e complacência dos donos. Estudos que avaliem as características e a prevalência das alterações comportamentais são necessários para o desenvolvimento de bons protocolos de prevenção e tratamento, evitando-se assim que aumentem as taxas de abandono e eutanásia entre os nossos animais de companhia.
ABSTRACT - Despite being a field in which some controversy persists in literature, behavioral medicine is increasingly important and useful nowadays. This study has two main objectives: (1) to perform a statistical analysis of the prevalence of behavioral alterations in companion dogs and cats from an urban area of Portugal, and (2) to analyze clinical cases related with the one of the most frequent alteration observed in specialty consultations - anxiety/phobia. For that, several inquiries were distributed to animal owners and some clinical cases were followed. This study reinforced that socialization constraints and the fact that animals are kept at home during long periods represent the main risk factors so an anomalous behavior can emerge in dogs (p<0.05). This has much to do with the modern life style of the owners. As it has been observed by other authors in studies performed in different countries, in this work aggressiveness, followed by separation anxiety are the most common behavioral problems in both species (p<0.05). The abandonment represents an important risk factor for the occurrence of separation anxiety (p<0.05), while this behavioral problem can represent a reason for the animal to be abandoned. It is crucial to eliminate this tendency. In the current study we could also observe that the probability of neutered dogs to exhibit a behavioral alteration is 2.5 fold higher than that of non neutered dogs (p<0.05; OR = 2,489) perhaps due to the fact that the majority of animals was older than 7 years. Therefore, the gonadectomy seems to contribute to increase the propensity to behavioral changes in senile animals. In our study, the cognitive dysfunction affects almost 30% of geriatric dogs. Thus, Veterinaries should consider this problem mainly in dogs from which is required an elevated degree of this function (guide-dogs, police-dogs). From the followed clinical cases, we could conclude that the biggest challenge of behavioral medicine is related with the complexity of the diagnosis since the signals are unspecific and it is difficult to understand the profile in question. The basis of the treatment is the behavioral modification, serving the drugs just as adjuvant. For this reason, the prognosis is rather dependent of the owner’s motivation and compliancy. Studies evaluating the characteristics and prevalence of behaviour changes are required for the development of prevention protocols and treatment, avoiding in this way the increasing of abandonment and euthanasia rates among our companion animals.
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Humayun, Mahnoor. "The Long-Term Effects of Early Life Stress on Anxiety-Related Behavior and Potential Therapy." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594385096374312.
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Maxwell, Whitney Faith. "A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of at Birth Adoptions on Anxiety, Stress Hormones and Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Nonhuman Primate Model." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3705.
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Adopted individuals have an increased risk for a variety of psychopathological disorders. Studies of the effects adoption in humans are difficult to perform because of the difficulty separating genetic risk and treatment effects. This is a developmental study investigating the effects of at birth adoption using a nonhuman primate model. Three experimental paradigms were used to assess maternal treatment, stress-related behavior, and physiology late in infancy and again later in life. Rhesus monkeys were reared for their first six months of life by either their biological mother or an unrelated, lactating adult female. Adoptions occurred immediately following birth. At six months of age, both groups were exposed to four, 4-day mother-infant separations. Behavioral observations and plasma stress hormones were used to compare the two group's responses to the separation stressor. Maternal treatments were also compared. In a second experiment performed about three years later when subjects were adolescents or young adults, an unfamiliar intruder was placed outside their home pen and stress-related behavioral responses were again measured. In the third experiment, adolescent subjects were allowed free access to a sweetened alcohol solution and daily alcohol consumption was measured across 8-10 weeks. Analyses showed that adopted subjects exhibited more behavior withdrawal and higher ACTH during the Acute and Chronic phases of the separation than infants reared by their biological mothers. This persisted when subjects were again tested with an intruder stressor 1-3 years later, with adopted subjects still showing more behavioral withdrawal during the Intruder Challenge stressor. Adopted subjects also differ in their relationship with their mother, showing more independence at an early age in non-stressful environments. Paradoxically, alcohol intake was lower in adolescents raised by an adoptive mother. Differences in maternal treatment and mismatches in temperament between the adopted mother and her infant are potential mechanisms that lead to the increased stress and anxiety in subjects raised by an adopted mother.
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Merani, Salima A. "Development of a specific and sensitive assay for cholecystokinin, and applications thereof." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37619.
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Cholecystokinin, or "CCK" peptides, originally identified in the gastrointestinal tract, are now considered to be one of the most abundant peptide systems in the mammalian central nervous system. Prompted by recent findings that implicated the cholecystokinergic system in the pathophysiology of various illnesses, we developed a novel assay system to measure the various forms of cholecystokinin peptides in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The system detects CCK-4, sulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8s) and nonsulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8ns) with equal affinity, with the lower detection limit of 2.7 fmol and an ED50 of 10.6 +/- 2.2 fmol. Using the assay system, we determined that mean CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in the plasma of 12 healthy subjects was 12.9 +/- 2.1 pM CCK-4 equivalents.After developing the cholecystokinin assay system, we were able to combine our unique methodology with other established techniques to investigate the role of CCK in illnesses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), anxiety, bulimia nervosa, and cardiomyopathy.
Briefly, we observed no significant differences in plasma CCK levels between women with PMDD and healthy volunteers. However, we found that, independent of diagnosis, plasma cholecystokinin concentrations were higher in women during their first visit to the clinic to participate in the study, as compared to later visits.
In addition, application of our assay system allowed us to determine that oral ingestion of caffeine increased plasma CCK-LI levels 2--4 fold in humans. Moreover, we observed substantial variation in post-caffeine cholecystokinin levels among individuals.
In another study of cholecystokinin and anxiety, we used our CCK assay to determine the effects of ondansetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist, on cholecystokinin levels in plasma. We found that multiple oral doses of ondansetron influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of exogenous CCK.
We also used the three-step assay system to measure CCK-LI in patients with the eating disorder, bulimia nervosa. Baseline fasted cholecystokinin plasma levels were lower in bulimic women as compared to control subjects. However, at "satiety", or the post-binge stage, CCK levels in bulimic women were similar to those of control women.
Finally, our investigation into the role of cholecystokinin in cardiomyopathy revealed that neuronal cholecystokinin receptor density was altered in the cardiomyopathic hamster brain, as compared to age- and sex-matched control animals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Miller, Phyllis Zajack. "Family members' expectations for involvement with their first year college students." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086786990.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 84 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Weathersby, Bonnie Rentz. "Grandmothers becoming grandmothers again." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1777.
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Oliveira, Carla S. V. Teixeira de. "Qualidade da vinculação e ansiedade materna de separação nas crianças do pré-escolar." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/741.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia EducacionalCom este estudo procurou testar-se a utilização de uma medida de avaliação da vinculação com uma base representativa, na população portuguesa, e relacioná-la com uma medida comportamental, bem como analisar a relação existente entre a ansiedade materna de separação e a qualidade da relação de vinculação, em cada uma destas dimensões. Este trabalho teve como amostra vinte e cinco crianças e respectivas mães, com uma média de idades de 40,88 meses e de 32,16 anos, respectivamente. Foi utilizado o Attachment Behavior Q-Set (Waters, 1987) para a avaliação da qualidade da vinculação, a Attachment Story Completion Task (Bretherton & Ridgeway, 1990) para avaliação das representações da qualidade da vinculação e ainda a Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale (Hock, McBride & Gnezda, 1989) na avaliação da ansiedade de separação materna. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada em três momentos. Inicialmente foi realizada a análise referente aos dados do Attachment Behavior Q-Set, na qual e pela Análise Hierárquica de Clusters, identificámos três grupos de crianças relativamente aos critérios de Segurança e Dependência. Caracterizou-se o Grupo 1 como seguro e independente, o Grupo 2 como inseguro e independente e o Grupo 3 como inseguro e dependente. Seguidamente, procurou-se caracterizar o comportamento destes três grupos em cada uma das Escalas de Posada e Waters (1995) e recorrendo a uma análise de variância, foi possível verificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre os grupos em todas as escalas. O Grupo 1 (seguro e independente) e o Grupo 2 (inseguro e independente) apresentaram valores significativamente superiores ao Grupo 3 (inseguro e dependente) nas escalas de interacção Suave com a Mãe e na Interacção com Outros Adultos. No diz respeito às escalas de Proximidade à Mãe e Contacto Físico com a Mãe, o Grupo 1 (seguro e independente) e o Grupo 3 (inseguro e dependente) apresentaram valores significativamente superiores ao Grupo 2 (inseguro e independente). Num segundo momento, centrámo-nos na análise das narrativas das crianças, com vista à caracterização das suas representações da relação de vinculação, como seguras ou inseguras. Posteriormente, relacionámos estes dois grupos com os critérios de Segurança e de Dependência, e foi possível encontrar diferenças significativas entre os grupos, na dimensão da Segurança e nas escalas de Proximidade à Mãe e na escala de Contacto Físico com a Mãe, onde o Grupo 1 (representações seguras) obteve sempre valores significativamente superiores ao Grupo 2 (representações inseguras). Finalmente., o último momento de análise incidiu sobre os dados relativos à ansiedade materna de separação. Verificou-se a existência de uma correlação significativamente negativa entre a idade de inicio dos cuidados não maternos e sub-escala de Preocupações Acerca da Separação Provocada pelo Emprego, na globalidade da amostra. Em seguida, procurámos compreender de que forma a ansiedade materna de separação se relaciona com os dados da avaliação da vinculação pelo Attachment Behavior Q-Set e também pelo Attachment Story Completion Task, tendo em consideração os grupos previamente formados em cada uma das avaliações. No que respeita aos dados comportamentais, recolhidos pelo Attachment Behavior Q-Set, e recorrendo a uma análise Post Hoc, verificou-se a existência de valores significativamente superiores no Grupo 1 (seguro e independente) em relação aos Grupos 2 (inseguro e independente) e 3 (inseguro e independente), na sub-escala de Preocupações Acerca da Separação Provocada pelo Emprego. Quanto aos grupos formados com base na Attachment Story Completion Task, não se verificaram diferenças significativas em nenhuma das sub-escalas da Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale.
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Pinheiro, Milena Lobão. "Efeitos da separação materna sobre o comportamento, a imunidade inata e o crescimento tumoral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-15122008-131700/.
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Um modelo de indução de estresse/ansiedade é a separação materna. Sabe-se, a este respeito, que o desenvolvimento do comportamento emocional normal em mamíferos jovens depende da interação entre a mãe e o filhote. Além disso, eventos estressantes na infância e interrupções no cuidado materno podem levar a efeitos deletérios na resposta imune e na resistência a doenças ao longo da vida. Buscamos neste trabalho estudar os efeitos da separação materna sobre o comportamento, imunidade inata e crescimento tumoral de uma prole de camundongos machos adultos. Nossos resultados mostraram que a separação materna, em camundongos A/J, (1) não produziu alterações robustas no comportamento e em parâmetros hematológicos (antes e após o crescimento tumoral), (2) aumentou a atividade de neutrófilos sanguíneos e macrófagos alveolares (antes e após o crescimento tumoral), (3) aumentou os níveis estriatais de serotonina, seu metabólito 5-HIAA e o turnover de dopamina, (4) diminuiu os níveis séricos de corticosterona e (5) não influenciou a incidência tumoral. Em camundongos C57BL/6, a separação materna produziu um comportamento ansioso e um aumento na atividade de neutrófilos sanguíneos. Tomados em seu conjunto, parece-nos possível afirmar que a separação materna tenha produzido alterações na atividade neuroimune dos animais, modificando, nos mesmos a atividade do eixo HPA e essas alterações foram influenciadas pelas características individuais das linhagens.Maternal separation is one model of stress/anxiety induction. We know about it that the mammals normal emotional behavior development depends on the interaction between mother and younglet. Beside this, early life stressed events can induce deletery effects in immune response and to illness resistance for all life long. In this work we searched for the maternal separation effects on the behavior, innate immunity and tumor growth in an adult male mice offspring. Our results showed that the maternal separation, in A/J mice (1) had no big effects in the behavior and in the hematological parameters (before and after the tumor growth), (2) increased the neutrophil and alveolar macrophages activity (before and after the tumor growth), (3) increased the serotonin striatum levels, the 5-HIAA metabolite and the dopamine turnover (4) decreased the corticosterone serum levels and (5) had no effects on tumor incidence. In the C57BL/6 mice, the maternal separation induced an anxiety behavior and increased the neutrophil activity. These results suggest that the maternal separation could have produced alterations in neuroimmune activity, modifying the HPA axis activity and these alterations could be influenced by individual strains characteristics.
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Patel, Vaidehi. "Effects of Early Life Neglect on Cocaine use during adolescence and subsequent effect on FGF-2 levels in adulthood." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1588276506770239.
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Espinoza, Rosalba, and Sarah Lopez Ramirez. "The attachment of children in foster care." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2115.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the association between foster care children and the behaviors they exhibit particularly in attachment outcomes. The study was also an informative tool that addressed the impact of children with attachment issues currently in the foster care system. Examining the relationship between the two variables may be able to help parents and their children, by providing future resources necessary to both parties in case separation and loss occurs.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Christer Allgulander, Borwin Bandelow, Boer Johan A. den, David M. Christmas, et al. "Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35384.
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This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders provides an update on key steps in diagnosis and clinical management, including recognition, acute treatment, longer-term treatment, combination treatment, and further approaches for patients who have not responded to first-line interventions. A consensus meeting involving international experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of supporting evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines are based on available evidence, were constructed after extensive feedback from participants, and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision-making in primary, secondary and tertiary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients, their carers, and medicines management and formulary committees.
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Plet, Marie-Anne. "Le role des separations dans la comorbidite entre le trouble panique et la depression." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M194.
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Minor, Valerie Jean Vonnoh. "Effects of preoperative ibuprofen, anxiety, and gender on post-separator placement pain." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0014296/minor_v.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2006.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 34 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Marris, Curtice Kary. "Effects of preoperative ibuprofen, anxiety and gender on post separator placement pain." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004879.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 31 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bárcia, Sónia Cristina da Silva Vicente Cascão. "A massagem no desenvolvimento do bebé e das competências parentais." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1234.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia Aplicada especialidade Psicologia Educacional, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto universitárioO primeiro ano de parentalidade é um ano de crescimento e de adaptação na vida da mulher. Inerentes a esta fase estão uma série de transformações que terão que ocorrer a vários níveis, para que mãe e bebé aprendam a conhecer-se e a ajustar-se em conjunto. Esta primeira relação servirá de modelo no futuro. Saber identificar as necessidades do bebé e conseguir dar respostas adequadas é o objectivo de qualquer mãe. A relação está assim dependente dos protagonistas do processo, ou seja da mãe, do bebé e ainda do ambiente onde se relacionam. Neste processo vários factores podem contribuir para que a ligação na díade seja vivida de uma forma mais tranquila, entre eles destacamos o papel da massagem no bebé como veículo facilitador da relação. A massagem apresenta benefícios tanto para o bebé como para a mãe, a nível psicológico e fisiológico. Este estudo longitudinal pretendeu avaliar as implicações da massagem do bebé na relação mãe-bebé, desde o final da gravidez até aos 12 meses de vida do bebé. Os parâmetros a medir foram: as atitudes relativas à maternidade através do CAQ-P, a experiência associada à maternidade através do WBPB, o grau de satisfação parental através do PSS, o nível de ansiedade da separação materna através do EASM e o temperamento do bebé através do ICQ. A amostra foi recrutada através das sessões de preparação para o nascimento e em consultórios de obstetrícia. Foi pedido o parecer à comissão de ética e todas as mães assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Os participantes são 194 díades mãe/ bebé, divididas em dois grupos, no Grupo 1 as mães realizaram massagem aos bebés e no Grupo 2 as mães fizeram parte do grupo de controlo. No grupo 1 a idade média das mães era de 31.3 anos, as habilitações literárias M=15.4, 91.3% das mães eram casadas ou viviam em união de facto e 91.3 % tinha apenas um filho. No grupo 2 a idade média das mães era de 31.7 anos, as habilitações literárias das mães M=15.3, 90.7% das mães eram casadas ou viviam em união de facto e 76.3% tinham apenas um filho. Ao longo do estudo, as mães do grupo da massagem obtiveram melhores resultados na adaptação à maternidade, apresentaram maior confiança nas suas capacidades e tiveram maiores apoios do que as mães do grupo de controlo. As mães do grupo experimental ao serem mais apoiadas e por isso, estando mais confiantes das suas competências, conseguiram relacionar-se melhor com o bebé e classificálo de uma forma mais positiva, do que as mães do grupo de controlo. Este trabalho sugere que as mães que aprendem a realizar a massagem ao bebé apresentam atitudes mais positivas face à maternidade. Este facto potencia o grau de conhecimento, de regulação e proximidade na díade. Estes encontros podem ajudar os casais a desenvolverem estratégias que lhes permitam lidar melhor com a maternidade. ---------- ABSTRACT ---------- The first year of parenthood is a year of growth and adaptation in women's lives. Inherent to this phase are a series of transformations that have to occur at several level so that mother and baby learn to know each other and fit together. This first relationship will be the model in the future. To learn to identify the baby's needs and give appropriate responses is the goal of any parent. The relationship is, therefore, dependent on the intervenients on the process, the mother, the baby and the environment in which they interact. Among the factors that contribute to a more peaceful relationship is the infant massage. The massage has benefits for both the baby and the mother, psychological and physiologically. This is a longitudinal study from late pregnancy until 12 months of a baby's life and aims to assess the implications of infant massage in the mother-baby relationship. The parameters were: attitudes concerning motherhood through CAQ-P, experience associated to motherhood through WBPB, parental satisfaction through PSS, maternal separation anxiety through EASM and temperament of the baby through the ICQ. The sample was recruited among the sessions of prenatal education and obstetric clinics. Ethical committee approval was obtained and informed consent was given to all mothers. Subjects are 194 dyads of mother / baby, divided into two groups: Group 1- mothers that conducted infant massage on their babies and Group 2 - mothers who were part of the control group. The average age of mothers in group 1 was 31.3 years, the educational level M = 15.4, 91.3% of mothers were married or had a stable relationship, 91.3% had only one child. In group 2 the average age of mothers was of 31.7 years, the educational level of mothers M = 15.3, 90.7% of mothers were married or had a stable relationship, 76.3% had only one child. Throughout the study, mothers in the massage group had greater success in adapting to motherhood, had greater confidence in their abilities and had more support than mothers in the control group. Mothers in the experimental group were more supported and therefore more confident in their skills. They were able to relate better with the baby and qualify it more positively than mothers in the control group. This study suggests that mothers who learn how to perform the massage have more positive attitudes towards motherhood. This increases the level of knowledge, regulation and proximity in the dyad. These meetings can help couples developing strategies that enable them to better cope with parenthood.
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清瀧, 裕子. "<彙報>Maternal Separation Anxiety についての一研究 : 母親の対人愛着スタイルおよび被養育体験との関連から(平成 11 年度発達臨床学専攻修士学位論文概要)." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3057.
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Martin, Natacha. "Contribution à la question du sens de la chute du sujet âgé : les raisons de la chute, la chute de la raison." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20142.
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Avec l’allongement de la durée de vie, les écrits sur la psychologie du vieillissement se sont développés à une moindre échelle que ceux concernant la clinique de l’adulte et de l’enfant. Il nous est donc apparu intéressant, passionnant et fécond de réfléchir à cette période de senescence en reprenant la dualité somat/psyché à travers l’événement chute. L’utilisation d’une méthodologie quantitative et qualitative permet d’aborder l’évènement chute comme une expérience traumatogène selon les données corporelles (sujet dit fragile ou valide, conséquences somatiques et psychomotrices…), temporelles (délai de la dernière chute, moment de la chute, âge objectif et subjectif de la chute…) et psychiques (défenses mises en place, réminiscence, travail du vieillir…). Nous nous sommes donc plus particulièrement penchés sur le point de bascule de cet événement dans un contexte de traitement coûteux des conflits issus de cette période pour y découvrir des défenses de type obsessionnel et une régression maternelle primaire. Par conséquent, le développement des réflexions psychologiques et psychanalytiques sur la clinique de la chute du sujet âgé ne peut être appréciable qu’à la condition de ne pas « tomber » dans le mythe d’un lien de causalité unique, dans une classe démographique indifférenciée dont l’âge serait vu comme un facteur étiologique. L’utilisation de l’analyse quantitative et qualitative du discours donne accès aux données réactionnelles post chute mais également aux modalités de traitement psychique des affects et conflits éveillés par cet événement. Nous avons associé le discours en libre association avec la technique du dessin pour avoir un aperçu des images mentales fixées dans le récit historien de la mémoire. La chute est alors exposée comme un agir, pour pallier la défaillance du système pare-excitation, des capacités d’élaboration et de liaison de la blessure narcissique de la sénescence. Cependant, elle peut également être appréciée comme un retour au corps pour une reprise élaborative des liens d’attachement en vue d’une fin inéluctable. C’est alors que « ce qu’on appelle une raison de vivre est en même temps une excellente raison de mourir » (Albert Camus). En effet, les communications sur la question de la psychologie de la chute du sujet âgé sont principalement étudiées dans le cadre de processus déficitaires ou psychopathologiques du sujet âgé fragile, hospitalisé, sans réellement prendre en compte les remaniements complexes individuels et groupaux inhérents au travail du vieillir. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés au mouvement psychique chez le sujet âgé valide afin d’en tirer de nouvelles réflexions cliniques sur le type d’angoisse et de relation d’objet. Le TAT/SAT proposé au sujet de notre étude a établi la constitution psychique d’un modèle interne de relation insécure du chuteur, en lien avec des expériences d’empiètement relationnel avec un objet maternel défaillant et décevantWith the increase of life expectancy, psychological writings about ageing have not developed as much as those concerning adults and children. It seemed to us interesting, fascinating and fruitful to think about this senescence period by restating the « somat/psyche » duality throughout the deterioration event. The use of a quantitative and qualitative methodology allows us to tackle the fall event as a traumatic experience according to physical data (fragile ou valid subject, somatic or psychomotor consequences…), temporal (since the last fall, moment of the fall, objective and subjective age of the fall…) and psychic (defenses set up, reminiscence, the work of getting old…) So we specifically looked at the turning point of this event in the context of expensive treatment of conflicts emerging at that time to discover obsessive defense mechanisms and primary maternal regression. In consequence, the development of psychological and psychoanalytical reasoning on the observation of the fall of the ageing subject can only be appreciated by not « falling » in the belief of a unique link of casuality, within an indistinguishable demographic class where age would be seen as an etiological factor. The use of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the discourse gives access to postfall reactive data but also to psychic treatment methods of the conflicts and affects which emerged from this event. We combined verbal communication with the drawing technique to get an insight of the mental images set in the historical narrative of memory. The fall is then exposed as an action, to mitigate the failure of the protective shield system and the capacities of development and connection to the narcissistic injury of senescence. However, it can also be appreciated as a coming back an elaborative resumption of attachment that leads to an inevitable end. It was then that "what is called a reason for living is also an excellent reason for dying" (Albert Camus). Indeed writings on the subject of the psychological deterioration of the ageing person are mainly studied in the context of the psychopathological or deficient process of the frail person in question, hospitalized without really taking into account the individual and collective complex alterations common to the process of ageing. We therefore concentrated on the psychic process of a valid old subject in order to glean more clinical reflections on the type of anxiety and object interaction. The TAT/SAT proposed concerning our study has established the psychic constitution of an internal model of an insecure relationship of the ageing, linked with an infringing relational experience with a failing and disappointing maternal object