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Buchanan, Heather. "Children's dental anxiety and coping." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299345.
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Abdelrahim, I. E. "Dental anxiety and the dentist patient relationship." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233341.
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Patton, Michael. "Effective methods in the treatment of patients with dental anxiety." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21235.
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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Dental phobia, also referred to as "dental anxiety," or "odontophobia," is a significant and intense fear of visiting the dentist for oral treatments. Individuals who experience high levels of this anxious condition avoid going to the dentist. It is estimated that 9 to 15% of both children and adults in America, about 30 – 40 million individuals, experience a level of dental phobia that causes them to avoid visiting the dentist. Individuals affected with this specific form of anxiety often neglect necessary dental visits for varying periods of time, which can, obviously, lead to health concerns in the oral cavity and other parts of the human body, as well as result in mental health and image concerns. When dental phobic patients do manage to attend a dental session, the individual often experiences great levels of anxiety and stress throughout the entire experience, not only creating pain and discomfort for the patient, but also creating adverse treatment circumstances for the dental practitioners that serve to help the patient. Efforts have been made in investigating the effectiveness of various techniques and approaches that could be implemented in the dental setting to ease phobic patients, granting them a less-stressful experience and allowing the dental staff to do their jobs more efficiently in providing the patient with appropriate oral care. There are several techniques used in the dental office today to reduce anxiety such as distraction, controlled breathing techniques, attention focusing, and several sedating methods employing various types of medication, as well as different types of administration. Distraction, controlled breathing, and attention focusing require special attention and an extension of time on the end of not only the patient, but also of the dental staff. These techniques, while possibly offering a reduction in feelings of anxiety, may require multiple attempts and a greater investment of time to show substantial results. Sedation methods may consist of various medications used alone or in a combination to successfully achieve a reduction in anxiety. With the various types of medications and techniques that can be used when sedating a patient, along with the various routes of administration, such as oral, intravenous, and intranasal, sedation methods can be adapted to best suit a patient in terms of their personal preferences and level of comfort, as well as to accommodate time requirements for specific procedures. Each of the techniques and methods used in today’s dental setting should be carefully and strategically evaluated and customized for the anxious or phobic patient in mind. Some methods are favored for certain attributes, varying from ease of use, time required, and speed of onset, to the efficiency in reducing a patient’s anxious or phobic symptoms. Professionals in the field of dentistry must act as providers of the treatment options and resources of the information in regards to the methods so that patients may become aware of the current tactics used in aiding such affected people.
2031-01-01
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Hakeberg, Magnus. "Dental anxiety and health a prevalence study and assessment of treatment outcomes /." Göteborg : University of Göteborg, Faculty of Odontology, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=0ftpAAAAMAAJ.
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Richardson, J. Neill. "The efficacy of auditory distraction in reducing disturbed behaviour with children undergoing dental treatment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318610.
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Leonhardt, Amar Juliane. "Evaluation of success in pediatric dental treatment using nitrous oxide from 2000 to 2005 a.d. at the Geneva Community Children's Dental Clinic /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000254173.
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Phinainitisatra, Pavinee. "Factors influencing dental anxiety in relation to treatment under general anaethesia in 5 to 8 year-old children." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243261.
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Al-Namankany, A. "The development of a cognitive dental anxiety scale for children and adolescents and investigation of the impact of video modelling on the behaviour of anxious children receiving dental treatment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1343624/.
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Objectives: To validate Abeer Cognitive Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) for children and adolescents in English and Arabic and to investigate the use of video modelling in Paediatric Dentistry Methods: A total of 439 children (≥6 years) were used in the study. The main study utlilised 165 children, 84 from a London dental hospital, 81 from a primary school in Central London. For each child, 2 operators each assessed ACDAS at visit 1, and the chief investigator (AA) also assessed Child Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) at visit 1 and ACDAS two weeks later. A sample of 274 children (≥6 years) was assessed for external validity (generalisability); 184 children from Dubai and 90 children from a school in East London. For video modelling, a sample of 112 children attending for dental treatment were randomly allocated to either the control (prevention video) or the test (modelling video). Their level of anxiety was recorded before and after the video on ACDAS and their ability to cope with the subsequent procedure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The ACDAS scale had substantial to almost perfect intra- and inter- examiner reliability along with concurrent validity 0.77 and discriminative validity 0.79. For convergent validity, ACDAS had a significant relationship between the Dental Anxiety (DA) scores and the cognitive status (P<0.001), Cronbach’s Alpha (α) was 0.90 which indicated a good internal consistency. Results of external validity were compared favourably with the results that were obtained from the main study. The video modelling was effective to reduce anxiety in the test group of the inhalation sedation and behaviour management RCTs (P<0.025). Conclusions: ACDAS is a valid cognitive scale to measure DA and it encompasses the required criteria for the Gold Standard DA scale for children and adolescents. The video modelling is an effective method to reduce dental anxiety in children.
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Caldas, Luiz Alberto Ferraz de. "Estudo da viabilidade da sedação consciente com a mistura oxido nitroso/oxigenio em serviço odontologico publico." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288964.
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Orientadores: Francisco Carlos Groppo, Maria Cristina VolpatoDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Foi objetivo deste estudo, avaliar a eficácia e a viabilidade da técnica de sedação por via inalatória com a mistura N2O/O2, no atendimento odontológico público. O estudo foi aberto, com 100 voluntários (54 homens e 46 mulheres), adultos, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 50 anos, realizado no serviço de urgência do Hospital Universitário Severino Sombra, no município de Vassouras. Todos apresentaram quadro de pulpite aguda irreversível em dentes superiores. A dor (escala de 11 pontos em caixa - E11) e a ansiedade (auto-declaração) dos sujeitos foram quantificados previamente ao procedimento. Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 - sedação por via inalatória e G2 (controle) - nenhuma forma de sedação. A anestesia local foi feita pela injeção infiltrativa de 1.8 ml de uma solução de lidocaína a 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000. A pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD), a saturação de oxigênio (SpO2), a freqüência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FC) foram monitorados antes do atendimento, no momento em que o voluntário se sentava à cadeira odontológica, logo após a anestesia, 10 minutos após a anestesia e após encerrar os procedimentos. O tempo de atendimento (TA) foi medido a partir do posicionamento na cadeira odontológica e do fim do procedimento clínico, quando uma nova E11, o conforto e a opinião sobre a técnica (operador e voluntário) foram avaliados. Nos pacientes do G1 foram aplicados três testes de avaliação Trieger em três momentos distintos: antes do início da sedação, durante a sedação, e após o término da sedação. OBS.: O resumo na integra poderá ser visualizado no link ou texto completo da tese digital.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the conscious sedation performed by nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) at the dental public service. The study was open, with 100 subjects (54 male and 46 female), adults, from the dental emergency service¿ of Severino Sombra University-Hospital, in the Vassouras city. All subjects presented irreversible-acute pulpitis in at least one maxillary tooth. The pain (11 box scale ¿ E11) and the anxiety (auto-declaration scale) were both measured previously the treatment. The subjects were than divided into two groups: G1 ¿ conscious sedation and G2 (control) ¿ no sedation. Local anesthesia (LA) was performed by infiltration of 1.8 ml 2% lidocaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (PAS e PAD), oxygen saturation (SpO2), cardiac (FC) and respiratory (FC) frequencies were monitored before the dental procedures, when the subject was sit on the chair, right after LA, 10 minutes after LA and after the end of the dental procedures. The time for dental procedures (TA) was measured from the moment when the subject was sit on the dental chair and at the end of the dental procedure. Note: the complete abstract is avaiable with the link or full eletronic digital theses or dissertations.
Mestrado
Saude Coletiva
Mestre em Odontologia
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Curcio, Wanessa Botega. "Níveis de cortisol salivar de crianças em tratamento odontológico." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1780.
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A avaliação do nível de cortisol na saliva pode fornecer meios para o odontopediatra personalizar o atendimento, de forma a reduzir e/ou modular a ansiedade e o estresse induzidos pelo tratamento odontológico. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os níveis de cortisol salivar de crianças submetidas a uma consulta odontológica para exame e diagnóstico e comparar estes níveis com as variáveis comportamento, sexo, experiência odontológica e necessidade de tratamento. Quatro amostras de saliva foram coletadas de 43 crianças voluntárias, 29 meninos e 14 meninas, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos. Duas amostras foram coletadas em um dia de consulta odontológica para exame e diagnóstico (antes da realização do exame físico e após o término da consulta); duas amostras foram coletadas em dia habitual sem consulta, uma 30 minutos após o despertar e outra no período da tarde. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o comportamento exibido durante a consulta (Grupo I: colaborador; Grupo II: não colaborador). As amostras de saliva foram coletadas através do kit Salivettes® e analisadas por meio de ensaio de quimioluminescência. Os resultados obtidos foram expressos em μg/dl. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste U de Mann-Whitney, teste de Friedman e teste de Wilcoxon para comparar os níveis de cortisol salivar nos diferentes momentos de avaliação entre grupos diferentes de crianças e nas crianças de um mesmo grupo. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Na amostra total foram observados valores médios de cortisol pré-consulta próximos aos obtidos na ACR, diferentemente de valores obtidos em dia sem intervenção odontológica. Observou-se redução significativa do cortisol salivar após o término da consulta odontológica entre as crianças do Grupo II e entre as crianças do sexo masculino. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o período de antecipação de uma consulta odontológica pode gerar maior ansiedade/estresse do que a própria consulta para crianças com comportamento não colaborador e para meninos.
The evaluation of salivary cortisol levels may provide a means for the dentist to customize the service so as to reduce and/or modulate anxiety and stress induced by dental treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of cortisol in saliva in children undergoing a dental appointment for examination, diagnosis and to compare those levels with the variables behavior, gender, previous dental experience and treatment needs. Four saliva samples were collected from 43 volunteer children, 29 boys and 14 girls aged between 7 and 10 years. Two samples were collected in one day for a dental visit for examination and diagnosis (one prior and one after the dental examination); two samples were collected on a routine day without dental visit (one 30 minutes after awakening and another in the afternoon period). Participants were divided into two groups according to the behavior exhibited during the appointment (Group I: cooperative behavior, Group II: uncooperative behavior). Saliva samples were collected with Salivettes® and analyzed by chemiluminescence assay. The results were expressed as μg/dl. The Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman’s test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare salivary cortisol levels in different moments in different groups of children and in children of a same group. The significance level adopted was 5%. In the total sample were observed mean values of prior consultation cortisol close of that observed on ACR, differently of values obtained on a day without consultation. There was significant reduction in salivary cortisol level after the dental visit among children in Group II and among male children. The results showed that the period of anticipation of a dental visit can generate greater anxiety/stress than the appointment itself for children with uncooperative behavior and boys.
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Dailey, Yvonne-Marie. "Dental anxiety : identification in primary dental care." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271516.
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Howard, K. E. "Measuring and managing child dental anxiety." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431595.
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Hollis, Amy Louise. "Dental anxiety amongst paediatric cardiology patients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3238/.
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Background: The dental health of paediatric cardiology patients has been shown to be poorer than that of healthy children. Multiple factors could be implicated with dental anxiety potentially playing a major role. However, there is no published research specifically looking at dental anxiety amongst paediatric cardiology patients. Aims: The primary aim was to determine whether there was a difference in the level of dental anxiety between paediatric cardiology patients and a group of healthy children. The secondary aim was to establish whether dental anxiety was affected by previous medical history as measured by number of overnight hospital admissions, number of general anaesthetics and cardiac complexity category. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four participants were recruited into the study group from the outpatient cardiology clinic at Leeds General Infirmary. The control group comprised 53 children who attended consultant-led new patient orthodontic clinics. All participants were aged 8-16 years old. The children completed the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (faces version) and their parents completed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale along with a questionnaire regarding their child‟s medical and dental histories. Results: The mean level of dental anxiety was significantly higher in the study group (p<0.05). Other significant findings between the two groups related to socio-economic status, exodontia experience, overnight hospital admissions and general anaesthetic history. Analysis of covariance indicated that only the admission history might have had an effect upon child dental anxiety in this study. Conclusion: Paediatric cardiology patients had significantly increased levels of dental anxiety. It is likely that aspects of their medical history, notably overnight hospital admissions, are moderating factors but due to the multifactorial aetiology of dental anxiety, further research is required in order to identify specific factors involved.
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Potter, Carrie Michelle. "Interactive Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Pain Expectancy in Dental Anxiety." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/465293.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Dental anxiety is a major public health problem that leads to underutilization of dental care and poor oral health. Much research has demonstrated an association between the expectation of pain during dental treatment and dental anxiety; however, not all patients with high pain expectancy develop dental anxiety, suggesting that other factors may impact the degree to which pain expectancy increases dental anxiety. The present study examined whether anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of negative consequences of anxiety-related symptoms and sensations) increases the strength of the relationship between pain expectancy and dental anxiety. Participants were 104 adult patients of Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry clinics. Baseline levels of AS and pain expectancy were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Baseline dental anxiety was assessed using self-report questionnaires and measures of psychological/physiological stress reactivity to films of dental procedures. Participants also underwent a pain expectancy induction, and all indices of dental anxiety were re-assessed following the pain expectancy induction. Linear regression analyses revealed that, in contrast to expectations, AS did not strengthen the relationship between self-reported or laboratory-induced pain expectancy and any indicators of dental anxiety. On the contrary, there was limited evidence that AS may weaken the pain expectancy-dental anxiety relationship. Consistent with previous studies, there was a strong pattern of findings supporting a direct association between pain expectancy and dental anxiety, but limited evidence of a direct association between AS and dental anxiety. AS may not be a strong risk candidate for dental anxiety, and future studies examining other theoretically-relevant vulnerability factors are needed to elucidate pathways through which pain expectancy leads to greater dental anxiety.
Temple University--Theses
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Alwin, Nicholas Paul. "An assessment of dental anxiety in children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1566.
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This study was designed to assess why children become fearful of dentistry and what role relative analgesia (RA) plays in reducing a child's fear. The dental literature indicated that dental anxiety could be divided into three major factors: medical/dental, individual and environmental. The psychological literature provided a model of anxiety based upon a conjunction of cognitive and behavioural theories. The subjects were aged between 6 and 18 years, and comprised of 65 experimental subjects (selected from referrals for anxiety and/or noncooperation) and 42 control subjects (matched for age and gender with the experimental group). All subjects were taken from one dentist's case list and were seen by the same dentist. Data were collected in three stages, firstly, from a pre-treatment questionnaire/interview based on the work of Williams et al. (1985) together with the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) to measure parent's dental anxiety and the Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) to assess children's general anxiety levels. Secondly, video data of children undergoing dental treatment were collected for analysis using the Venham Anxiety Scale, Melamed Child Behaviour Profile and Weinstein Dentist Behaviour Profile. Thirdly, further data were collected after treatment from parents and dentist. This information related to treatment given, measures of how anxious and cooperative the child had been and whether the child had had a GA or RA. The major conclusions reached by this study were, firstly, that dental anxiety is a specific fear (phobia) of potential injury with a postulated temperamental factor, relating to vigilance and pain expectation. Secondly, a short checklist was developed to aid dentists in assessing children at initial examination for potential dental anxiety. Thirdly, no relation between dental fear and the use of RA could be found. Fourthly, dentist behaviour changes in both beneficial and nonbeneficial ways with respect to rising child anxiety levels.
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Fung, Shau-huei Denise, and 馮韶慧. "Dental anxiety of children in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215257.
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Fung, Shau-huei Denise. "Dental anxiety of children in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2146179X.
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McInerney, Valentina, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment." THESIS_FARSS_XXX_McInerney_V.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/519.
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This thesis represents the results of studies designed to investigate computer anxiety among adult learners. The existence, nature and degree of computer anxiety were investigated with a sample of teacher trainees undertaking an introductory computer training course, and the impact of this course on the anxiety and cognitions of the students were studied. Another study focussed on the evaluation of the measure of computer anxiety used in this study with a view to the design of a new computer anxiety treatment. Results showed that computer anxiety is not necessarily dissipated by completing a computer course, and is correlated with gender, computer ownership and previous computer experience. A number of faculties with different student populations were studied, and computer anxiety was high within each. Interviews with computing course coordinators indicated a range of approaches to instructional design, beliefs about the extent and causes of computer anxiety, and ways of alleviating it. Two approaches derived from these interviews formed the basis of the design of this study, with instructional methods as the treatments and levels of computer anxiety and negative cognitions as the aptitudes. The sample comprised two, with the first group receiving traditional instruction while the second group received direct instruction plus metacognitive strategy training in self-questioning within a cooperative learning context. Achievement was significantly enhanced in the second group, and it was felt that metacognitive training was effective as a means of enhancing achievement and positive cognitions.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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McInerney, V. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment /." Milperra, N.S.W. : [University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Faculty of Education and Languages], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030624.100303/index.html.
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Morarend, Quinn Alan Spector Michael L. Dawson Deborah V. "The use of RESPeRATE to reduce dental anxiety." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/410.
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Adulyanon, Supreda. "An integrated socio-dental approach to dental treatment need estimation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10039614/.
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To improve on the traditional approaches of dental treatment need estimation, a new theoretical model of treatment needs composed of 'Normative', 'Impact-Related', 'Effective' and 'Accessible' treatment needs, is proposed. The aim of the present study was to develop an appropriate socio-dental indicator to generate 'Impact-Related Treatment Need', compare them with traditional professionally assessed normative need, and to explore the preliminary approach to assess 'Effective Treatment Need' for periodontal treatment. An oral health survey was carried out in Ban Phang district, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 501 people aged 35-44 years in 16 villages, selected by cluster random sampling process, were interviewed about oral impacts on daily performances and their oral health behaviours, and then were had clinical examinations. A concise indicator 'Oral Impacts on Daily Performances' (OIDP) was developed, based on measuring impacts on eight physical, psychological and social aspects of daily activities. Scores were calculated by multiplying the frequency by the severity scores of each performance, then scores were summated. The indicator was tested for psychometric properties on the study sample, using interviews and clinical examinations. Cronbach alpha of internal consistency was 0.65. Kappa of test-retest reliability ranged from 0.6 to 1.0. Criterion validity was shown by a strong relationship with general perceptions of oral impacts (p < 0.001). Construct validity was demonstrated by significant differences of scores between groups with high and low prevalence of deep periodontal pockets, decayed and missing teeth, and number of functional teeth (p < 0.001). The combination of specific OIDP scores and normative needs generated the impact-related need for various dental treatments. As expected, the percentage of people with need was decreased from normative need, when Impact-Related Treatment Need was applied. The differences were large in needs for prostheses, orthodontics and periodontal treatment (ranging from 21.7% to 40.2% of normative need); moderate for restorations (64%); and low for pulp care, extractions and treatment for deep periodontal pockets (81.7%-91.7%). A similar pattern of need reduction was obtained when increasing cut-off points of OIDP scores. An exploratory study to develop 'Effective Treatment Need' for periodontal treatment was done. It was shown, using logistic regression that plaque control and smoking were the behaviour-oriented risk factors which affected behavioural propensity for periodontal destruction. Receiver Operating Curve showed the appropriate cut-off point of plaque level at 0.8. Behavioural propensity was determined from people who are non-smokers with plaque index of 0.8 or lower, to generate Effective Treatment Need. The results indicated that the majority of people who had Impact-Related Treatment Need for periodontal treatment did not have the acceptable level of behavioural propensity required for effectiveness of treatment. The advantages of the socio-dental needs approach in dental care planning were demonstrated and discussed. It was concluded that the OIDP is a valid and reliable indicator of oral outcomes. Integrating it into Impact-Related Treatment Need, as well as further integration of behavioural propensity to generate Effective Treatment Need could provide alternative improved dental treatment need estimations.
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Liu, Michael. "The Dentist / Patient Relationship: The Role of Dental Anxiety." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/277.
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Dental anxiety is a common problem found in approximately 80% of the adult population in the United States. This study examined the role of dental anxiety within the dentist/patient relationship. Negative experiences were found to be the most significant contributor of dental anxiety. The negative experiences result largely from the relationship between the dentist and the patient. Both dentist and patient are affected from the effects of dental anxiety. Therefore it is important for the dentist to establish a trusting relationship with the patient to ensure that proper dental care can be provided.
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Chiu, Wing-sze Ivy, and 趙詠詩. "Effect of music on anxiety management during dental procedures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45171695.
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Sahab, Lama A. "Investigating dental anxiety in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74797/.
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Dental anxiety is a common and disabling problem for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Little is known about the causes of dental anxiety in ASD but the literature suggests it may be related to sensory sensitivity (Stein et al., 2011) and having high rates of anxiety in general (White et al., 2009). The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that predict dental anxiety in children with ASD. The first two qualitative studies were designed to identify relevant factors in dental anxiety using a bottom-up approach. Interviews were carried out with parents of children with ASD and individuals with ASD. The second study interviewed dentists with varying expertise in ASD. Both sets of interviews were analysed using content analysis. Findings from the qualitative studies suggest that dental anxiety is related to parental anxiety, sensory sensitivity, worries about pain, and negative experiences. In the third study 45 children with ASD aged (11 to 17) and their parents, and a comparison group of 50 Typically Developing (TD) children and their parents, completed measures examining dental anxiety and associated factors. The results demonstrate that children with ASD have higher rates of dental anxiety related to their higher overall anxiety level. Correlations show that dental anxiety is related to other forms of anxiety: unusual sensory processing, cognition, past experiences at the dentist, parents’ dental anxiety, and the number of visits that a child has had to the dentist. Regression analysis shows that dental anxiety in children with ASD is determined by their worries about treatment and the number of dental visits. In TD children, dental anxiety was only predicted by their worries about treatment. Nevertheless, despite the aforementioned small differences, this third study showed that children with ASD and TD children are more alike than different, which is an interesting finding that requires further investigation. Overall, this research helps us understand the underlying causes of dental fear in children with ASD and gives insight into interventions to support them with oral care.
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Morarend, Quinn Alan. "The use of RESPeRATE™ to reduce dental anxiety." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/410.
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Background
Anxiety experienced by individuals visiting the dental office to receive treatment is prevalent in the population. The clinical manifestation of these anxieties is considerable; it is estimated that approximately between 14 and 30 million people in the United States do not seek routine dental care due to dental anxiety. Dentists and other scientists have explored many techniques and procedures in attempts to ameliorate these anxieties and improve patient care. Biofeedback is a process that involves measuring a person's specific bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, muscle tension, or breathing rate, and conveying the information to the patient in real-time. This raises the patient's awareness and therefore the possibility of conscious control of those functions. Evidence has shown biofeedback to be a useful modality of treatment for numerous conditions associated with anxiety. Anxiety has been shown to up-regulate the sympathetic nervous system. When the sympathetic nervous system is up-regulated, the pain threshold is decreased, and physiologic parameters of anxiety are manifested in the patient. This physiological phenomenon is well understood and demonstrates that, with anxiety, the individual will have a decreased pain threshold (i.e., greater response to noxious or painful stimuli). The purpose of the current pilot study is to investigate the use of a novel biofeedback system (RESPeRATE™) to reduce patients' pre-operative general anxiety levels and subsequently the pain associated with dental injections.
Methods
Eighty-one subjects participated in this randomized controlled study. Forty subjects were in the experimental group and forty-one subjects were in the control group. All subjects were asked to fill out a pre-injection survey (Dental Injection Sensitivity Survey - DISS), measuring baseline anxiety levels. Subjects in the experimental group used a biofeedback technique, while subjects in the control group were not exposed to any biofeedback. All participants then received an inferior alveolar local anesthetic injection. Subjects in both groups were then given a post-injection survey (measuring anxiety levels), and filled out a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The VAS was designed to measure the subjects' perception of pain of the injection, the overall injection experience, and anticipatory anxiety for future injections.
Results
The results of the study demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group with respect to any of the pre/post-operative anxiety measures as recorded by the DISS. This study did demonstrate that with the use of the RESPeRATE™ device there was a significant difference in the overall injection experience between the experimental group and the control group (p=0.013), as measured by the VAS. A trend towards improved responses for the experimental group was noted with respect to both level of discomfort and ratings of future nervousness; these results did not reach a statically significance of p<.05.
Conclusions
Future studies and power calculation will be more specific towards the RESPeRATE™ in a dental setting, and lead to more accurate approximations on the number of subjects needed to determine whether the difference was due to chance or due to the treatment modality. It appears that this novel pilot study was underpowered. It would also be feasible to apply the technology to other areas in dentistry where anxiety and sympathetic up-regulation are etiologic components. Areas of future studies may include temporomandibular joint dysfunction, orofacial pain, periodontal disease, and wound healing.
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Kay, Elizabeth Jane. "Factors affecting dental restorative treatment decisions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325176.
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Jameson, Kathryn G. "A Brief DBT Treatment for Test Anxiety." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1415364872.
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Kinner, Dina Gordon. "An examination of constructs associated with dental anxiety and avoidance among adults seeking dental care." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/288251.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Dental anxiety and the avoidance of dental treatment serve as substantial barriers to dental care and are associated with a range of maladaptive behaviors and outcomes. However, many important psychological constructs that may increase our understanding of anxiety and avoidance in relation to dental care and hence our ability to properly intervene have been poorly examined or neglected in the literature. The present study examined the prevalence of dental anxiety, specific phobia of dental procedures, and avoidance of dental care among dental patients presenting for routine (n = 78) and emergency (n = 42) care using self-report questionnaires, clinician-administered interview, and 6-month follow-up dental appointment data. We investigated correlates of dental anxiety, dental phobia, avoidance of dental care, and oral-health related quality of life (OHRQoL). It was expected that emergency patients would exhibit significantly greater impairment that regular care patients across several variables, with a similar pattern expected for patients with a specific phobia relative to those without the diagnosis. Further, it was hypothesized that emotion regulation, distress tolerance, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness would moderate the anxiety-avoidance and anxiety-OHRQoL relationships. Additional models tested the moderating roles of pain, optimism, and re-experiencing symptoms related to a prior traumatic dental event on the relationship between social appearance anxiety and avoidance of dental care. Dental anxiety, severity of phobia, and OHRQoL correlated with social appearance anxiety, pain experienced at the last dental appointment, re-experiencing symptoms, and blood-injection-injury fears, among other variables; however, there was no evidence that they were related to emotion regulation, and limited relationships emerged with experiential avoidance, distress tolerance, and mindfulness. Avoidance of dental care was unrelated to dental anxiety, other forms of anxiety, OHRQoL, pain, pessimism, and several other constructs related to emotion dysregulation, and difficulties with mindfulness. Our hypotheses that emergency patients would have a higher prevalence of dental phobia, longer avoidance, and greater pain at the last dental appointment than regular care patients was supported, although the groups did not differ on dental anxiety or remaining variables. As expected, patients with specific phobia (n = 26) scored higher than those without a diagnosis (n = 94) on dental anxiety, OHRQoL, social appearance anxiety, re-experiencing symptoms, and pain, but these groups did not differ on avoidance or other constructs. Our moderation hypotheses had minimal support: Dental anxiety was most strongly associated with avoidance of a dental appointment among those reporting the greatest experiential avoidance and the least mindful awareness, and dental anxiety was most strongly associated with OHRQoL among those demonstrating the greatest mindful observing. Implications of these findings are addressed, followed by a discussion of study limitations and directions for future research.
Temple University--Theses
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Srisilapanan, Patcharawan. "Assessing dental treatment needs in older people : a socio-dental approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267042.
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Potter, Catherine. "Investigating hypnosis for the alleviation of dental anxiety : does the addition of hypnosis to inhalation sedation reduce dental anxiety more than inhalation sedation alone?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-hypnosis-for-the-alleviation-of-dental-anxietydoes-the-addition-of-hypnosis-to-inhalation-sedation-reduce-dental-anxiety-more-than-inhalation-sedation-alone(a48a3842-180e-48a8-951a-aa385cc9fb94).html.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1 reviews the literature. It gives a historical overview of hypnosis. It reviews the literature on dental anxiety, including its prevalence and aetiology. It reviews behavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments of dental fear. Inhalation sedation its mechanism of action, effectiveness and draw-backs are discussed. The literature on hypnosis is selectively reviewed, its use in anxiety and dentistry and lastly, the combination of sedation techniques, particularly IHS, is discussed. It is concluded that evidence for the use of hypnosis for the alleviation of dental anxiety needs to be critically addressed. Chapter 2 presents the published protocol of a Cochrane systematic review followed by qualitative results of this review. 11 studies of generally poor quality were included in the review which concludes that there are significant problems with the evidence due to methodological issues, the different outcome measures used and the generally high or unclear risks of bias. There is some evidence that hypnosis may help patients who have a normal range of dental anxiety but who are undergoing a stressful dental procedure. Studies of phobic patients were characterised by high levels of drop-out behaviour and hypnosis could not be shown to be superior to other forms of behavioural treatment. Chapter 3 describes two studies which aimed to develop a Mood Induction Procedure to induce temporary dental anxiety in volunteers. This was used in two later studies. A non-clinical sample was used as a ‘proof of concept’ study was desirable. Study 1tested excerpts of a film, producing only a medium rise in anxiety (ES r = .49). The second study used a shorter, more concentrated film. This produced a large increase in anxiety (ES r=.86). Heart rate was investigated as a possible physiological measure of anxiety, but was not found useful. Chapter 4 describes two randomised controlled studies aiming to investigate whether hypnosis combined with IHS would reduce the anxiety produced by the film more than a control procedure in which IHS was combined with the reading of a story. These studies suggested there may be some effects attributable to hypnosis, but conclusive benefit was not demonstrated. Chapter 5 presents discussion and the overall conclusions of the thesis. Conclusions include the need for further well designed large scale trials involving hypnosis.
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Viens, Marcel J. "Generalized anxiety and sleep-onset insomnia: Evaluation of treatment using anxiety management training." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20931.
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Koksal, Falih. "A reconceptualization of anxiety." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21546.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is three fold: a-To develop a new questionnaire that measures anxiety in terms of four components (feeling, cognitive, behavior and somatic). b-To investigate the relationship between feeling and cognition with regard to anxiety. c-To identify, with the application of Three Systems Theory, the most salient component of anxiety in each of the DSM-III anxiety disorder sub-classifications and to evaluate the validity of DSM-III anxiety disorder sub-classifications. a-In order to assess the level of anxiety, I have developed a new Four Systems Anxiety Questionnaire (FSAQ). FSAQ incorporates a feeling component along with the behavioral, somatic and cognitive components. A psychometric evaluation (reliability and validity levels) of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. b-Another aim is to reconsider one of the tenets of cognitive therapy that cognitive appraisals are the necessary preconditions for the emergence of feeling. Such a view assumes that feeling is merely an epiphenomenon of cognitive processes. This research establishes, however, that feeling and cognition appear to be relatively independent systems and that their modes of interaction are influenced by the personality structure of the individual. This conclusion was obtained by using the FSAQ on university students and various categories of anxiety patients. In particular, the research compared the scores on the feeling and cognitive components of both males and females, obsessive-compulsives and rest of the DSM-III anxiety patients. c- A further aim of the reseach was to examine the DSM-III anxiety disorders classification from the Three Systems Theory's point of view. The Three Systems Theory proposes that anxiety has three relatively independent components: cognitive, behavioral and somatic. In the various anxiety sub-classifications of DSM-III one or other of these three components dominates. The other purpose of my research was to consider each of the DSM-III anxiety disorders separately and to determine which of the three components plays the major role in the manifestation of the particular syndrome. In general, the results indicate that each anxiety disorder is indeed characterised by a different profile. An anticipated outcome of this research is that a clinician will be able to identify the main component of anxiety in a particular syndrome and hence select most appropriate treatment. The results of this study support DSM-III classification of anxiety disorders into two main categories of phobic and non-phobic (i.e. phobic and anxiety states).
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Morris, Mary Kathryn. "Investigation of Patient Anxiety, Patient Satisfaction, and Dental Student Behaviors." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5968.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the effect of information about patient's dental anxiety on patient satisfaction, patient discomfort, and patients' perceptions of dental student behaviors. The validity of patients' perceptions was examined by independent observation of dental student behaviors on videotaped dental screening visits.
Thirty dental students each examined two dentally anxious female patients. Each student received information about one of the patient' s dental anxiety and no information about the other. The order of presentation of the conditions information and no information was counterbalanced. The dependent measures were the Dentist Behavior Checklist, the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale, the Patient Discomfort Item, and independent observations of seven specific dental student behaviors.
Results of the present study suggest that patients' perceptions of specific dental student behaviors are only moderately correlated with independent observation for three of the behaviors. The presentation of information about patient dental anxiety resulted in no significant differences in patients' perceptions of behaviors. A significant interaction effect was found, however, between information and order of presentation for the independent observations of Took Patient Seriously and Was Calm. These findings suggest that when nonverbal behaviors were examined, dental students were more responsive to patients. This was only true, however, when students received information in the Information/No Information order.
No significant differences were found in either patient satisfaction or patient discomfort as a result of providing information about patient anxiety. Lastly, none of the dental student behaviors as independently observed were related to patient satisfaction. However, patients' perceptions of Encouraged Questions and Took Patient seriously were significant predictors of patient satisfaction.
Suggestions for further research include continued attempts to delineate dentist behaviors which are correlated with patient satisfaction.
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Sharifzadeh-Amin, Maryam. "Understanding change in parental dental health behaviours following general anesthetic dental treatment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31063.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of parents whose young children
had had a general anesthetic (GA) for dental treatment and to develop a model to describe
and explain parental behaviour change following the GA experience. A grounded theory
method was undertaken to investigate 1) parent's beliefs and behaviours that may place
their child at risk to new caries following the GA experience, 2) parents' experience of
their child's dental treatment under GA and 3) the factors affecting parental adoption and
maintenance of dentally healthy behaviours.
Twenty-six in-depth individual interviews were conducted with parents of pre-school aged
children at various times after the GA, i.e. shortly after the GA and up to one year
following the GA. Data were analysed with a grounded theory approach, to develop a
model that was "grounded" in the data.
A conceptual model was generated to explain the process of parental behaviour change.
Social influences, family context, and parental strategies were identified as key categories.
Cultural beliefs, actions of dental professionals, and media/advertising were barriers for
parents to adopt healthy behaviours. Not all parents were receptive to social supports;
cross-cultural differences were apparent. Overall, the GA dental experience had enough
of an impact to immediately motivate parents to consider changing their behaviours.
However, difficulty and only partial compliance in following recommendations were
frequently mentioned.
Although parental stretiges were influenceed by family context and social influences, the
central position of parental strateiges in the model gradually emerged. Parents who took responsibility for their child's state of health felt guilt and were determined to develop
strategies to overcome the barriers in applying healthy behaviours. Parents who had a high
level of self-efficacy and were furthest along the stages of change continuum were likely
able to engage in and maintain new healthy behaviours.
Although an early, positive outcome of the GA was a reported improvement in dental
health practices, the GA did not appear to affect long-term preventive behaviours for
many parents. Parental strategies were recognized as the core category of the final model
that influenced whether parents adopted dentally-healthy behaviours and maintained these
behaviours over time.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Parker, Zachary. "Therapist drift in the treatment of anxiety disorders." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18181/.
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Stenebrand, Agneta. "Dental anxiety among 15-year-olds : Psychosocial factors and oral health." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26500.
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AIM: The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the associations between dental anxiety, experiences of dental care, psychosocial factors and oral health among 15-year-olds, and to analyse changes in the prevalence of dental anxiety over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The thesis was based on two cross-sectional epidemiological studies in Jönköping, Sweden. Papers I, II, and III were based on a random sample of 15-year-old individuals. The total sample consisted of 221 individuals. Six questionnaires were used, one included items of background data, while the others were psychometric instruments measuring dental anxiety, temperament, general anxiety and depression, general fearfulness and attitudes to dental care. Paper IV was based on the Jönköping studies, a series of epidemiological studies from 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003 in which random samples of 15-year-old individuals were included. The total sample consisted of 405 individuals. Questionnaires including background data and dental anxiety were used and clinical data were collected. RESULTS: Of the 15-year-old individuals 6.5% were classified as dentally anxious with girls proportionally more fearful than boys (Papers I-III). Dental anxiety correlated significantly with three of the temperament dimensions; emotionality, activity and impulsivity. Reported pain or unpleasant experiences during dental care treatment were clear predictors concerning dental anxiety (Paper I). Both symptoms of general anxiety and depression were significantly correlated with dental anxiety after controlling for other potential risk factors (Paper II). Dental anxiety was associated with both general fearfulness and with attitudes to dental care, where the strongest predictor of dental anxiety was general fearfulness (Paper III). A trend analysis over the 30-year period showed a gradient of statistically significantly decreasing dental anxiety prevalence, from 38.1% in 1973 to 12.8% in 2003. Over the period the 15-year-old individuals with dental anxiety had significantly higher number of filled tooth-surfaces than those with no dental anxiety, and also more caries in 1973. There were no such differences concerning plaque and gingivitis (Paper IV). CONCLUSIONS: Dental anxiety in 15-year-olds correlated with experiences of dental care, psychosocial factors as well as to oral health. Specifically, pain experiences related to dental care, attitudes to dental care and general fearfulness seem to have the strongest impact on dental anxiety. Dental anxiety showed a clear declining change over time. More girls than boys reported dental anxiety. The thesis shows that dental care providers need paying attention on providing a supportive dental care situation, in which the patients should not experience pain. One part may be adequate local anaesthesia during operative dentistry or similar dental treatments. Another part may be a good oral health to prevent negative experiences of dental care. There is a need for the understanding of psychological factors associated with dental care procedures.SYFTE: Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att bland 15-åringar undersöka sambanden mellan tandvårdsrädsla, erfarenheter av tandvård, psykosociala faktorer och oral hälsa, samt att analysera förändringar i förekomsten av tandvårdsrädsla över tid. MATERIAL OCH METOD: Avhandlingen baseraspå två epidemiologiska tvärsnittsstudier i Jönköping. I arbete I, II och III redovisas studier av 221 slumpmässigt utvalda 15-åriga individer. Deltagarna besvarade frågor avseende bakgrundsdata, tandvårdsrädsla, temperament, ångest och depression, generell rädsla samt attityder till tandvård. Arbete IV bygger på Jönköpingsstudierna, från 1973, 1983, 1993, och 2003, där sammanlagt 405 slumpmässigt utvalda 15-åriga individer ingick. Datainsamling gjordes med hjälp av frågeformulär, bestående av bakgrundsdata och tandvårdsrädsla, samt kliniska data. RESULTAT: Resultatet i arbete I, II och III visade att 6,5% av ungdomarna rapporterade hög tandvårdsrädsla, där en övervägande andel var flickor. I arbete I visade tandvårdsrädsla samband med tre av temperamenten; emotionalitet, aktivitet och impulsivitet. Rapporterad smärta eller obehagliga upplevelser under tandbehandling var tydliga prediktorer avseende tandvårdsrädsla. I arbete II visade både symtom på ångest och depression samband med tandvårdsrädsla, sedan effekterna av andra potentiella riskfaktorer hade kontrollerats för statistiskt. I arbete III visade tandvårdsrädsla starkt samband med både generell rädsla och med attityder till tandvård, där den starkaste prediktorn för tandvårdsrädsla var generell rädsla. I arbete IV visade en trendanalys en statistiskt säkerställd minskning gällande förekomsten av tandvårdsrädsla, från 38,1% år 1973 till 12,8% år 2003. Ungdomarna med tandvårdsrädsla hade signifikant fler fyllda tandytor än ungdomarna utan tandvårdsrädsla under 30-årsperioden, och år 1973 även mer karies. Det fanns inga sådana skillnader avseende plack och gingivit. SLUTSATSER: Resultatet visar att tandvårdsrädsla är relaterat till smärtsamma erfarenheter av tandvård, generell rädsla, och oral hälsa. Resultatet visar också att tandvårdsrädsla hos 15-åringar har minskat över tid och är vanligare hos flickor. Resultaten pekar på att tandvårdspersonalen har en viktig uppgift i att unga tandvårdspatienter inte utsätts för smärtsam behandling. Framtida forskning av intresse kan vara hur olika sätt att administrera lokalbedövning kan förändra uppfattningen av smärta och nivåer av tandvårdsrädsla.
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Alsaif, Aysha S. Y. A. S. "Treatment of dental plaque biofilms using photodynamic therapy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18523/.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality involving a dye that is activated by exposure to light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen to form oxygen species causing localised damage to microorganisms. AIM: To determine the most effective bactericidal incubation and irradiation times of erythrosine-based PDT, using a tungsten filament lamp, on in vivo- formed dental plaque biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a two-phase randomised controlled study consisting of in-vitro and in-situ phases. Phase-1 aimed to determine the most appropriate incubation-time using erythrosine(220μM) based-PDT on lactobacillus species grown in-vitro. Phase-2 was conducted on 18-healthy adult participants wearing intraoral appliances with human enamel slabs to collect dental plaque samples in two separate periods for use in arm-1 and arm-2. For phase-2, accumulated dental plaque samples were tested under different experimental conditions; a) Control-1 (No erythrosine, no light); b) Control-2 (+Erythrosine, no light); c) Treatment-1 (+Erythrosine, +15min continuous light); d) Treatment-2 (+Erythrosine, +30sec light pulses for 5- times separated by 1min dark periods). Incubation-times of 15min and 2min were used in arm-1 and arm-2, respectively; as adapted from the previous pilot study and phase-1. Following treatment, percentage reduction of total bacterial counts were compared between the different groups. Additionally, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy(CLSM) was used to investigate the effect of PDT on in vivo-formed plaque biofilms. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the percentage of total bacterial counts (~93-95%) of in vivo-formed biofilms were found when using either 2min or 15min incubation-times and applying 15min continuous light. Whereas, when applying fractionated light, there was more cell death when 15min incubation-time was used (~91%) compared with the 2min incubation-time (~64%). CLSM results supported these findings. CONCLUSION: Improving the clinical usefulness of PDT by reducing its overall treatment time seems to be promising and effective in killing in vivo- formed dental plaque biofilms.
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Negi, Marwa Milad. "Diabetic status of patients presenting for dental treatment." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6324.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) (Community Oral Health)The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (a non-communicable disease) is increasing worldwide. In 2008, it was declared one of the major non-communicable diseases in South Africa, affecting 4.6% of the population (cited in Pretorius, 2014). Of concern is the large number of people who are undiagnosed and thus present for treatment at a late stage of the disease. This has prompted the need for screening of patients as Diabetes Mellitus has serious immediate and long-term complications.
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Zale, Andrew. "PARENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF ANESTHESIA RISK FOR DENTAL TREATMENT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2697.
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Purpose: To determine which method of anesthesia risk presentation parents understand and prefer across their demographic variables Methods: As a cross-sectional study, questionnaires were distributed to 50 parents of patients (<7 years of age) in the VCU Pediatric Dental Clinic. Parents were asked of their own and their children’s demographics, previous dental and anesthesia experiences, and anesthesia understanding. Parents were then asked to rate the level of risk of several risk presentations and finally asked which method of risk presentation they most understood or preferred. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, likelihood chi square tests, and repeated measures logistic regression. Results: There was no evidence of a differential preference due to gender (P = 0.28), age (P > .9), education (P = 0.39) or whether they incorrectly answered any risk question (P > 0.7). There was some evidence that the three types were not equally preferred (likelihood ratio chi- square = 5.31, df =2, P-value = 0.0703). The best estimate is that 60% prefer charts, 34% prefer numbers, and 36% prefer activity comparisons. There was a relationship between the average relative risk of general anesthesia and age (r = –0.38, P = 0.0070). Younger individuals indicate High risk more often and older individuals indicate Low risk more often. Conclusion: There was no preference of risk presentation type due to gender, age, or education, but there was evidence that each was not equally preferred. Healthcare providers must be able to present the risk of anesthesia in multiple ways to allow for full patient understanding.
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Alhowaish, Latifa. "Bite force evaluation in children following dental treatment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3239/.
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A number of research studies have highlighted the fact that poor dental health impacts on quality of life as a whole due to a number of different elements. Dental caries is usually associated with negative consequences, such as discomfort and pain, which are known to affect growth and weight gain through effects on function, in addition to wellbeing and quality of life (George et al., 1999; Wendy and Sharleen, 1999). It has been suggested that a significant number of children may not be able to verbally complain of pain. This inability may be caused by their immaturity, level of cognition and language development. Children usually show difficulty in eating and loss of function which should be considered an indicator of oral problems (Anderson et al, 2004). Therefore functional impairment is a negative sequel of caries in children. This can be measured by different means and one of those is the evaluation of bite force which is known to be influential on mastication and chewing processes. Bite force can be defined as ―the capacity of the mandibular elevation muscles to perform a maximum force of lower teeth against the upper teeth, under favourable conditions (Calderon et al, 2006). The evaluations of bite force have been proven to be constructive and thus widely utilised in dentistry (Koc et al., 2010), with the measurement of such conducted with the aim of determining muscular activity and jaw movements during the chewing process (Bakke,1992), with measurements also valuable in terms of masticatory efficiency (Toro et al., 2006; Julien et al., 1996). When reviewing the literature on bite force and correlated factors, it becomes apparent that there is a lack in studies concerned with the effects of dental decay on bite force in child population specifically. This is a clinical exploratory study that comprised 32 children (26 with completed measurements) with a mean age of 6.45 years. 43.75 % were boys and 56.25 % were girls. The study sample was taken from children attending the Leeds Dental Hospital/Paediatric Dentistry Department for treatment. The Maximum Voluntary Comfortable bite force was determined for each participant immediately before treatment and 3-5 weeks following completion of the required dental treatment. A single tooth bite force device was used that has been previously verified for intra-oral use in children (Mountain, 2008). The difference in bite force magnitude before and after dental treatment was analysed statistically. In addition, the correlations of key variables including, age, height, weight, BMI, gender and caries severity or dental status with maximum bite force were statistically analysed. The mean maximum bite force for the total sample (n= 32) prior to treatment was found to be 169.32 N (SD= 66.20). The mean bite force in the male subgroup was 174.49 N (SD= 64.69) while for the females the mean bite force was equal to 165.29 N (SD= 68.93). Following comprehensive dental treatment the recorded mean maximum bite force for the children (n= 26) who attended the post treatment review appointment was 180.60 N (SD= 65.85). Paired sample t test revealed a statistically significant increase in mean maximum bite force (p < 0.01) following comprehensive dental treatment that included both restorations and extractions. Correlation coefficients were determined for a number of key variables and maximum voluntary bite force in the pre-treatment stage. Child‘s gender failed to show significant correlation with the bite force. In contrast, child‘s age, body build expressed by height and weight showed a significant positive correlation with bite force (p < 0.01). In addition, poor dental status prior to treatment, expressed by the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth and surfaces, exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation with the bite force (p < 0.05). Presence of an abscess and dental pain showed similar negative impact on bite force. The present study‘s findings can be important in the field of paediatric dentistry. In addition to the previously proved positive effects of treating dental caries in children, this study adds that bite force and subsequently chewing function can be improved by comprehensive dental treatment of decayed teeth. Additionally, this study showed that bite force in children is negatively impacted by a number of essential factors including, severity of dental caries as well as presence of clinical symptoms (i.e. pain and dental abscess). Therefore, the findings can serve as an additional supportive evidence of importance of dental treatment for children as it helps improving the maximum bite force a child can exert.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
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These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103821.
Full textAbstract:
Aus der Einleitung:
A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
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Barbour, Heather. "A feminist group treatment approach for women with anxiety." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23213.pdf.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26473.
Full textAbstract:
Aus der Einleitung:
A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
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Seivewright, Helen. "Prevalence and treatment of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5654.
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The concepts of hypochondriasis and health anxiety are described in historical and modern contexts and justification given for the preferred usage of health anxiety, with the condition better classified with the anxiety disorders. The prevalence of hypochondriasis is reviewed and it is noted that most of the data are in primary care with only one paper from genitourinary medicine. The treatments for health anxiety and hypochondriasis are reviewed and noted, until recently, to be relatively limited in efficacy. A prevalence study of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine in two centres found that 8‐ 11% of attenders had significant health anxiety recorded by the Health Anxiety Inventory; that symptoms persisted over a 9 month period, and were associated with higher numbers of medical consultations. This was followed by a randomised controlled trial in a genitourinary medicine clinic in which an adapted form of cognitive behaviour therapy was given by me as a medical practitioner, and compared with a single explanatory interview in a control group. Assessments of clinical symptoms, social functioning and costs were made at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after randomisation. In 49 patients allocated, greater improvement was seen for the primary outcome of Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) scores in patients treated with CBT (n=23) than in the control group (n=26) (P=0.001). Similar but less marked differences were found for the secondary outcomes of generalised anxiety, depression and social function, and there were fewer health service consultations. These differences were maintained in the six months after treatment was completed. The treatment costs were only partly offset by the savings in clinic appointments and for every unit reduction in HAI score there was an incremental cost of £33. It is concluded that the treatment, given in this manner, has the potential to be generalised.
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Broughton, Alan M. "Treatment failures in dentistry." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmb875.pdf.
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Friberg, Lundin Jessica. "Tandvårdsrädsla, generell oro och självkänsla : Dental fear, general anxiety and self-esteem." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6317.
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Forbes, Amanda Jacqueline. "Intrusive memories and trauma-related symptoms in individuals presenting with dental anxiety." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26511.
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Research indicates that between 36-40% of people are afraid to visit the dentist, 20% are highly anxious and 5% avoid dental treatments due to severe anxiety (Lindsay & Jackson, 1993). Dental anxiety is known to be a major barrier to optimal health care with individuals fearful of impending invasive procedures often presenting only when in severe pain. Dental anxiety has been found to be based on past memories of experiences of pain and loss of control in the dental setting. Evidence from the literature suggests that some individuals with dental anxiety also present with additional psychological problems, such as panic disorder. De Jongh, Muris, ter Horst and Duyx (1995) also reported that individuals with dental anxiety also exhibited more catastrophizing thoughts related to dental treatment. A recent study by De Jongh, Aartman & Brand (submitted for publication) reported that intrusive memories of past distressing dental experiences were associated with dental anxiety. However no structured assessment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was carried out. This study aimed to identify the association between intrusive memories related to dental experiences and trauma-related symptomatology and to investigate differences in pyschopathology and thought content in individuals with a dental anxiety presenting with and without intrusive memories. The proportion of individuals with intrusive memories who would meet criteria for PTSD was also investigated. Results will be given and conclusions reached.
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Crawford, Erika. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YOUTH INVOLVEMENT, THERAPIST BEHAVIORS, AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN THE TREATMENT OF YOUTH ANXIETY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/587646.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: Therapeutic processes that occur within session have been identified as a factor that may influence youth anxiety outcomes. The present study examined the relationships between positive and negative youth involvement, therapist therapeutic and nontherapeutic behaviors, and anxiety outcomes. Method: Sixty youth (aged 7-17) received cognitive-behavioral therapy for an anxiety disorder. Weekly session videos were rated by observers. Measures of anxiety severity were completed weekly and at posttreatment. Regression analyses examined the association between therapeutic processes and post-treatment outcomes. Univariate and bivariate latent difference score (LDS) models evaluated whether changes in one factor were prospectively associated with later changes in the same factor and in other factors. Results: Positive youth involvement significantly predicted reduced anxiety severity, greater improvement, and remission of principal anxiety disorder at posttreatment. Youth negative involvement during psychoeducation sessions predicted a reduced likelihood of remission. Therapist therapeutic behaviors during psychoeducation sessions predicted lower anxiety severity, greater improvement, and treatment response. Nontherapeutic behaviors in psychoeducation sessions were associated with increased anxiety severity, less improvement, and a reduced likelihood of treatment response and remission of principal anxiety disorder. When entered simultaneously, only nontherapeutic behaviors were significantly associated with increased anxiety severity. LDS models resulted in poor model fit, thus, the temporal sequence among involvement, therapist behaviors, and anxiety severity was not established. Conclusions: Youth involvement and therapist behaviors are associated with beneficial outcomes. Therapist nontherapeutic behaviors are strongly associated with poorer outcomes. Findings are discussed in relation to previous findings and future directions are proposed.
Temple University--Theses
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Hawthorne, W. S. "Restoration survival effects of treatment on dental health in patients attending three selected dental practices /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmh399.pdf.
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