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1
Mercolini, Laura <1979>. "Development of original analytical methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of CNS druges: Antipsychotics, Antidepressants and Anxiolytics-hypnotics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2713/.
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Great strides have been made in the last few years in the pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, with the introduction into the therapy of several new and more efficient agents, which have improved the quality of life of many patients. Despite these advances, a large percentage of patients is still considered “non-responder” to the therapy, not drawing any benefits from it. Moreover, these patients have a peculiar therapeutic profile, due to the very frequent application of polypharmacy, attempting to obtain satisfactory remission of the multiple aspects of psychiatric syndromes. Therapy is heavily individualised and switching from one therapeutic agent to another is quite frequent. One of the main problems of this situation is the possibility of unwanted or unexpected pharmacological interactions, which can occur both during polypharmacy and during switching. Simultaneous administration of psychiatric drugs can easily lead to interactions if one of the administered compounds influences the metabolism of the others. Impaired CYP450 function due to inhibition of the enzyme is frequent. Other metabolic pathways, such as glucuronidation, can also be influenced. The Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of psychotropic drugs is an important tool for treatment personalisation and optimisation. It deals with the determination of parent drugs and metabolites plasma levels, in order to monitor them over time and to compare these findings with clinical data. This allows establishing chemical-clinical correlations (such as those between administered dose and therapeutic and side effects), which are essential to obtain the maximum therapeutic efficacy, while minimising side and toxic effects.
It is evident the importance of developing sensitive and selective analytical methods for the determination of the administered drugs and their main metabolites, in order to obtain reliable data that can correctly support clinical decisions. During the three years of Ph.D. program, some analytical methods based on HPLC have been developed, validated and successfully applied to the TDM of psychiatric patients undergoing treatment with drugs belonging to following classes: antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytic-hypnotics. The biological matrices which have been processed were: blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, hair and rat brain. Among antipsychotics, both atypical and classical agents have been considered, such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, clotiapine, loxapine, risperidone (and 9-hydroxyrisperidone), clozapine (as well as N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine N-oxide) and quetiapine. While the need for an accurate TDM of schizophrenic patients is being increasingly recognized by psychiatrists, only in the last few years the same attention is being paid to the TDM of depressed patients. This is leading to the acknowledgment that depression pharmacotherapy can greatly benefit from the accurate application of TDM. For this reason, the research activity has also been focused on first and second-generation antidepressant agents, like triciclic antidepressants, trazodone and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-cpp), paroxetine and its three main metabolites, venlafaxine and its active metabolite, and the most recent antidepressant introduced into the market, duloxetine. Among anxiolytics-hypnotics, benzodiazepines are very often involved in the pharmacotherapy of depression for the relief of anxious components; for this reason, it is useful to monitor these drugs, especially in cases of polypharmacy. The results obtained during these three years of Ph.D. program are reliable and the developed HPLC methods are suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of CNS drugs in biological fluids for TDM purposes.
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Bollu, Vamsi, Andrew G. Bushmakin, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Chwen-Cheng Chen, Douglas Feltner, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Pregabalin reduces sleep disturbance in patients with generalized anxiety disorder via both direct and indirect mechanisms." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99859.
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Background and Objectives: To characterize the impact of pregabalin on sleep in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to determine whether the impact is a direct or an indirect effect, mediated through the reduction of anxiety symptoms.
Methods: A post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in patients with GAD was conducted. Patients received pregabalin 300 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75 mg/day or placebo for a week, followed by pregabalin 300-600 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg/day, or placebo for 7 weeks. Treatment effect on sleep was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. A mediation model was used to estimate separately for both treatment arms the direct and indirect treatment effects on sleep disturbance.
Results: Compared with placebo (n = 128), treatment with pregabalin (n = 121) significantly reduced scores on the sleep disturbance subscale and Sleep Problems Index II at both week 4 and week 8, and the sleep adequacy subscale at week 8. Venlafaxine XR (n = 125) had no significant effect on these measures. The mediation model indicated that 53% of the total pregabalin effect on sleep disturbance was direct (p < 0.01) and 47% indirect, mediated through anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Pregabalin decreased sleep disturbance in patients with GAD both directly, and indirectly by reducing anxiety symptoms. Given the drug specificity of the results, this study provides evidence of an additional important pathway of action for pregabalin and its efficacy in GAD.
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Abbé, Adeline. "Analyse de données textuelles d'un forum médical pour évaluer le ressenti exprimé par les internautes au sujet des antidépresseurs et des anxyolitiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS385/document.
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L’analyse de donnée textuelle est facilitée par l’utilisation du text mining (TM) permettant l’automatisation de l’analyse de contenu et possède de nombreuses applications en santé. L’une d’entre elles est l’utilisation du TM pour explorer le contenu des messages échangés sur Internet.Nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature systématique afin d’identifier les applications du TM en santé mentale. De plus, le TM a permis d’explorer les préoccupations des utilisateurs du forum Doctissimo.com au sujet des antidépresseurs et anxiolytiques entre 2013 et 2015 via l’analyse des fréquences des mots, des cooccurrences, de la modélisation thématique (LDA) et de la popularité des thèmes.Les quatre applications du TM en santé mentale sont l’analyse des récits des patients (psychopathologie), le ressenti exprimé sur Internet, le contenu des dossiers médicaux, et les thèmes de la littérature médicale. Quatre grands thèmes ont été identifiés sur le forum: le sevrage (le plus fréquent), l’escitalopram, l’anxiété de l’effet du traitement et les effets secondaires. Alors que les effets indésirables des traitements est un sujet qui a tendance à décroitre, les interrogations sur les effets du sevrage et le changement de traitement sont grandissantes et associées aux antidépresseurs.L’analyse du contenu d’Internet permet de comprendre les préoccupations des patients et le soutien, et améliorer l’adhérence au traitementAnalysis of textual data is facilitated by the use of text mining (TM) allowing to automate content analysis, and is implemented in several application in healthcare. These include the use of TM to explore the content of posts shared online.We performed a systematique literature review to identify the application of TM in psychiatry. In addition, we used TM to explore users’ concerns of an online forum dedicated to antidepressants and anxiolytics between 2013 and 2015 analysing words frequency, cooccurences, topic models (LDA) and popularity of topics.The four TM applications in psychiatry retrieved are the analysis of patients' narratives (psychopathology), feelings expressed online, content of medical records, and biomedical literature screening. Four topics are identified on the forum: withdrawals (most frequent), escitalopram, anxiety related to treatment effect and secondary effects. While concerns around secondary effects of treatment declined, questions about withdrawals effects and changing medication increased related to several antidepressants.Content analysis of online textual data allow us to better understand major concerns of patients, support provided, and to improve the adherence of treatment
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Bollu, Vamsi, Andrew G. Bushmakin, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Chwen-Cheng Chen, Douglas Feltner, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Pregabalin reduces sleep disturbance in patients with generalized anxiety disorder via both direct and indirect mechanisms." Universidad de Zaragoza, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26262.
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Background and Objectives: To characterize the impact of pregabalin on sleep in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to determine whether the impact is a direct or an indirect effect, mediated through the reduction of anxiety symptoms.
Methods: A post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in patients with GAD was conducted. Patients received pregabalin 300 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75 mg/day or placebo for a week, followed by pregabalin 300-600 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg/day, or placebo for 7 weeks. Treatment effect on sleep was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. A mediation model was used to estimate separately for both treatment arms the direct and indirect treatment effects on sleep disturbance.
Results: Compared with placebo (n = 128), treatment with pregabalin (n = 121) significantly reduced scores on the sleep disturbance subscale and Sleep Problems Index II at both week 4 and week 8, and the sleep adequacy subscale at week 8. Venlafaxine XR (n = 125) had no significant effect on these measures. The mediation model indicated that 53% of the total pregabalin effect on sleep disturbance was direct (p < 0.01) and 47% indirect, mediated through anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Pregabalin decreased sleep disturbance in patients with GAD both directly, and indirectly by reducing anxiety symptoms. Given the drug specificity of the results, this study provides evidence of an additional important pathway of action for pregabalin and its efficacy in GAD.
5
Takahashi, Tatsuichiro. "Factors associated with high-dose antipsychotic prescriptions in outpatients with schizophrenia: An analysis of claims data from a Japanese prefecture." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/265180.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第23408号
医博第4753号
新制||医||1052(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻
(主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 村井 俊哉
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Medical Science
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Campanha, Angela Maria. "Utilização de psicofármacos pela população geral residente na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-09062015-153011/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Os transtornos psiquiátricos são altamente prevalentes e têm sido associados ao maior uso de serviços e de medicamentos. Entretanto resultados do World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WHM) Surveys, conduzidos em diversos países, têm apresentado baixas prevalências de uso de psicofármacos entre sujeitos com diagnóstico de transtornos psiquiátricos no ano anterior à entrevista. OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência, o padrão, e os fatores associados ao uso de psicofármacos em amostra da população geral e entre sujeitos com diferentes diagnósticos para doenças psiquiátricas, de acordo com DSM-IV. MÉTODOS: Os dados são provenientes do São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey (SPMHS), segmento brasileiro do estudo World Mental Health Survey (WMH survey). O WMH survey é uma iniciativa da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), da Universidade de Harvard e Universidade de Michigan, que vem sendo realizada em mais de 28 centros de pesquisa no mundo. O São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey é um estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, desenhado para avaliar a morbidade psiquiátrica em uma amostra representativa da população geral, com 18 anos ou mais, residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Uma amostra de 5.037 indivíduos (taxa de resposta: 81,3%) foi entrevistada por leigos treinados, utilizando a versão do Composite International Diagnostic Interview para o World Mental Health Survey, elaborado para gerar diagnósticos de acordo com o DSM-IV. O foco do presente estudo foi uma subamostra de 2.935 entrevistados, os quais foram avaliados com a versão longa da entrevista e que foram questionados sobre psicofármacos prescritos no ano anterior à entrevista para \"problemas com emoções, nervos, saúde mental, uso de substâncias, energia, concentração, sono ou a capacidade de lidar com o estresse\". Os dados foram ponderados para ajustar a subamostragem dos não casos dessa subamostra e para ajustar as discrepâncias residuais entre as distribuições amostrais e populacionais de uma série de variáveis sociodemográficas, garantindo, assim, a representatividade dessa subamostra. RESULTADOS: Apenas 6,13% dos respondentes relataram o uso de psicofármacos no ano anterior à entrevista. Os hipnóticos e sedativos (incluindo os benzodiazepínicos) (3,63%) e os antidepressivos (3,46%) foram os mais comumente relatados, enquanto os estabilizadores de humor (0,64%) e os antipsicóticos (0,61%) foram pouco frequentes. Ser do sexo feminino (OR= 2,55; 95% IC=1,58-4,11), avançar da idade, escolaridade abaixo do nível superior e ter maior renda foram fatores associados ao maior uso de psicofármacos, assim como ter comorbidades e transtornos graves. A prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV/WMH-CIDI no ano anterior à entrevista foi 29,49%. Entretanto, somente 13,75% dos sujeitos com diagnóstico de transtorno psiquiátrico no ano anterior à entrevista, 24,93% com transtorno de humor, 14,43% com transtorno de ansiedade e, aproximadamente, 10% com transtorno por uso de substância e com transtorno de controle do impulso relataram uso de psicofármacos no mesmo período. Respondentes sem diagnóstico também reportaram uso de psicofármacos (2,94%). O uso de antidepressivos (9,10%) e de hipnóticos e sedativos (7,81%) foi pouco frequente naqueles com diagnóstico, apresentando a seguinte distribuição, respectivamente: sujeitos com transtorno de humor (17,94% e 14,70%), ansiedade (9,04% e 8,08%), controle de impulso (6,76% e 5,80%) e por uso de substâncias (5,08% e 7,86%). O uso de psicofármacos foi maior entre sujeitos que apresentaram três transtornos ou mais (26,91%) quando comparado aos que apresentaram dois (15,21%) ou um transtorno (8,96%). Entre os sujeitos com transtornos considerados leve, de moderada gravidade e grave, a prevalência de uso de psicofármacos foi 6,60%, 10,68% e 23,77%, respectivamente. Entretanto aproximadamente 75% casos graves e com três ou mais transtornos, permaneceram sem tratamento farmacológico. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a maioria dos sujeitos com transtornos psiquiátricos ativos não estão recebendo tratamento farmacológico para seus transtornos psiquiátricos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Políticas públicas poderiam aumentar o acesso aos cuidados de saúde adequado, particularmente entre sujeitos com transtornos graves e comorbidadesINTRODUCTION: Mental Disorders are highly prevalent and have been associated with high use of health services and medications. However results of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WHM) Surveys carried out in several countries have found low prevalence rates of psychotropic medication among those with 12-month disorders. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors with the use of psychotropic medication in a sample in the general population and, within this sample, among those with different diagnoses for psychiatric disorders, according to DSM-IV. METHODS: Data were from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey (SPMHS), the Brazilian segment of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative, coordinated by the World Health Organization and Harvard University, which has been held in more than 28 research centers in the world. The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is a cross-sectional population-based study, designed to evaluate psychiatric morbidity in a representative sample in the general population, aged 18 years or more, living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. A sample of 5,037 individuals (response rate: 81.3%) was assessed by trained lay interviewers using the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, designed to generate DSM-IV diagnoses. The focus of the current report was a subsample of 2,935 subjects to whom the long version of the interview was applied and were asked about prescription medicines that used in the previous12 months for \"problems with emotions, nerves, mental health, substance use, energy, concentration, sleep or ability to cope with stress\". Data were weighted to adjust the undersampling of long interview respondents non-cases and to adjust residual discrepancies between the sample and population distributions of a range of sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Only 6.13% of the respondents reported psychotropic medication use in the previous year the interview. Hypnotics and sedatives (including benzodiazepines) (3.63%) and antidepressants (3.46%) were the most commonly reported, while mood stabilizers (0.64%) and antipsychotics (0.61%) were used less frequently. In the general population of the SPMHS, be female gender (OR= 2.55; 95% IC=1.58-4.11), older, education low level high and higher income were associated the higher psychotropic medication use, well as have comorbidity and serious disorders. The 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV/WMH-CIDI disorder was 29.49%. However, only 13.75% of those with 12-month disorders, 24.93% among those with mood disorder, 14.43% in those with anxiety disorder and, approximately 10% impulse-control disorder and substance use disorder reported psychotropic medication use in the same period. Respondents without diagnosis also reported psychotropic medication use (2.94%). Antidepressants (9.10%) and hypnotics and sedatives (7.81%) were commonly reported, with the following distribution, respectively: subjects with mood disorder (17.94% and 14.70%), anxiety (9.04 % and 8.08%), impulse control (6.76% and 5.80%), and substance use (5.08% and 7.86%). Psychotropic medication use was higher among the respondents with three or more disorders (26.91%), when compared with those with two (15.21%) or with one disorder (8.96%). Among the respondents with mild, moderate, or severe disorders, the prevalence of Psychotropic medication use was 6.60%, 10.68%, and 23.77%, respectively. However approximately 75% severe cases and comorbidities, remained without pharmacologic treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the majority of individuals diagnosed with an active mental disorder are not being treated with psychotropic medication in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Public policies should increase access to appropriate care, particularly among subjects with serious disorders and comorbidities
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Silva, Pedro Celso Alves. "INTERAÇÃO DE ANTIANSIOLÍTICOS COM GRAFENO: UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICA." Centro Universitário Franciscano, 2016. http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/547.
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The exaggerated use of anxiolytic drugs can cause environmental problems if there is no destination and treatment, leading to contamination of water resources and biological tissues and aquatic organisms. In addition, some microorganisms develop resistance to these drugs affect the ecosystem with its toxicity and remain in the environment, which justifies the growing concern about these environmental pollutants that were found in various parts of the world. There are some studies in the literature of the use of graphene as a filter for the removal of metals such as Na, Mg, K, Ca and Ni environment. Other studies show that graphene can be used to remove drugs such as aspirin, caffeine, acetaminophen and ciprofloxacin the aqueous media. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through computer simulations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), the structural and electronic properties of anxiolytic drugs interacting with pure graphene, because until now few methods of treating wastewater for removal anxiolytic drugs are not effective, and in other cases the methods are expensive. In this study, we analyzed the interaction of pure graphene with anxiolytics (alprazolam, clonazepam, clobazam, diazepam and the nordiazepam) commonly found in the environment and highly resistant to photobleaching. The results show that the interaction of graphene with diazepam stabilized with binding energy ranging between -0.29 eV and -0.35 eV and load transfers between -0.002 e- and +0.036 e-. As for the nordiazepam interacting with graphene, the binding energy remained between -0.23 eV and -0.31 eV and cargo transfers between -0.002 e- and +0.069 e-. For alprazolam the binding energy remained between -0.19 eV and -0.86 eV and cargo transfers between -0.004 and +0.041 e-. For clobazam the binding energy varied between -0.23 eV and -0.76 eV and load transfers between -0.005 e- and +0.040 e- and clonazepam remained between -0.52 eV and -0, 75 eV and load transfer between -0.005 e- and +0.070 e-. For every interaction was observed which can occur graphene load transfer to the drug (indicated by positive values) or drug for graphene (indicated by negative values). There was a physical adsorption for all pure graphene interactions with anxiolytic drugs with binding energy ranging between -0.19 eV and -0.86 eV and a charge transfer between -0.018 e- and +0.070 e-, and that the electronic properties of the systems were not changed significantly. The results for the interaction of graphene with anxiolytics, are important to contribute to the development of filters to remove these drugs from aqueous media and sewage treatment plants, since there are no reports in the literature on the interaction of graphene with anxiolytic agents for through computer simulation.
O uso exagerado de fármacos ansiolíticos pode acarretar problemas ambientais, caso não haja destino e tratamento adequado, ocasionando a contaminação dos recursos hídricos e de tecidos biológicos e de organismos aquáticos. Além disso, alguns micro-organismos criam resistência a esses fármacos afetando o ecossistema com sua toxicidade e permanência no meio ambiente, justificando a crescente preocupação sobre estes poluentes ambientais que foram encontrados em várias partes do mundo. Já existem na literatura alguns estudos do uso do grafeno como filtro para remoção de metais como: Na, Mg, Ca, K e Ni do meio ambiente. Outros estudos mostram que o grafeno pode ser utilizado para remoção de fármacos como: aspirina, cafeína, acetaminofeno e ciprofloxacina dos meios aquosos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, por meio de simulações computacionais baseadas na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), as propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de fármacos ansiolíticos interagindo com o grafeno puro, pois até o presente momento alguns métodos de tratamento dos efluentes para remoção de ansiolíticos não são eficazes e em outros casos os métodos são caros. Neste estudo, foi analisada a interação do grafeno puro com os ansiolíticos (alprazolam, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam e o metabólito nordiazepam) frequentemente detectados no meio ambiente e altamente resistentes a fotodegradação. Os resultados mostram que a interação do grafeno com o diazepam se estabilizou com energia de ligação variando entre -0,29 eV e -0,35 eV e as transferências de carga entre -0,002 e- e +0,036 e-. Já para o nordiazepam interagindo com o grafeno, a energia de ligação se manteve entre -0,23 eV e -0,31 eV e as transferências de carga entre -0,002 e- e +0,069 e-. Para o alprazolam a energia de ligação permaneceu entre -0,19 eV e -0,86 eV e as transferências de carga entre -0,004 e- e +0,041 e-. Para o clobazam a energia de ligação variou entre -0,23 eV e -0,76 eV e as transferências de carga entre -0,005 e- e +0,040 e- e para o clonazepam manteve-se entre -0,52 eV e -0,75 eV e a transferência de carga entre -0,005 e- e +0,070 e-. Para todas as interações observou-se que pode ocorrer transferência de carga do grafeno para o fármaco (indicados pelos valores positivos) ou do fármaco para o grafeno (indicados pelos valores negativos). Ocorreu uma adsorção física para todas as interações do grafeno puro com os fármacos ansiolíticos, com energia de ligação variando entre -0,19 eV e -0,86 eV e uma transferência de carga entre -0,018 e- e +0,070 e-, sendo que, as propriedades eletrônicas dos sistemas não foram alteradas significativamente. Os resultados obtidos para a interação do grafeno com ansiolíticos, são importantes para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de filtros para remoção destes fármacos dos meios aquosos e estações de tratamento de esgotos, já que não há relatos na literatura sobre a interação do grafeno com agentes ansiolíticos por meio de simulação computacional.
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Sampaio, Alexandre Menezes. "VerificaÃÃo dos efeitos de Imipramina, Paroxetina, Buspirona e Diazepam no labirinto em T elevado em ratos e camundongos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2967.
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nÃo hÃOs transtornos de ansiedade possuem alta prevalÃncia na populaÃÃo com graus de severidade variÃveis, podendo chegar à incapacitaÃÃo. Deakin & Graeff conceberam um modelo teÃrico relacionando defesa distal, amÃgdala e ansiedade generalizada, de um lado, e defesa proximal, substÃncia cinzenta periaqueductal e pÃnico, de outro. Nesta proposta, a serotonina facilita a ansiedade, porÃm inibe o pÃnico. O modelo do Labirinto em T Elevado (LTE) seria entÃo mais efetivo para distinguir estes dois padrÃes de ansiedade, ao contrario do Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE), um dos modelos mais utilizados para avaliar efeitos ansiolÃticos das drogas. O modelo foi validado para ratos, havendo pouca descriÃÃo sobre o uso em camundongos. No primeiro experimento os animais (camundongos Swiss; 10 em cada grupo) foram tratados com salina (10 ml/kg; i.p.), imipramina (30mg/kg; i.p.), diazepam (1mg/kg; i.p.), paroxetina (5mg/kg; i.p.), paroxetina (10mg/kg; i.p.) e paroxetina (20mg/kg; i.p.) e avaliados no Teste do Nado ForÃado (TNF). No segundo experimento os camundongos foram separados em cinco grupos (n=10) e tratados com salina (10 ml/kg; i.p.), imipramina (30mg/kg; i.p.), diazepam (2mg/kg; i.p.), paroxetina (10mg/kg; i.p.), buspirona (10mg/kg; i.p) diariamente por uma semana (subcronicamente) e depois avaliados no TNF. No terceiro experimento camundongos foram tratados subcronicamnete com salina, imipramina (30mg/kg; IP), paroxetina (10mg/kg; IP), diazepam (2mg/kg; IP) e buspirona (10mg/kg; IP) e depois testados no LCE. No quarto experimento foram utilizados ratos Wistar que recebiam diariamente por gavagem salina, imipramina (10mg/kg), paroxetina (10mg/kg), diazepam (1mg/kg) ou buspirona (10mg/kg) por 24 dias consecutivos (volume constante 1 ml/kg de peso) e depois foram avaliados no LTE e Campo Aberto (CA). O quinto experimento foi semelhante ao quarto, sendo utilizado camundongos e um aparelho para LTE adaptado. Os resultados foram: imipramina e as trÃs dose de paroxetina apresentaram efeito antidepressivo, enquanto diazepam mostrou efeito depressivo no TNF agudo. Jà no TNF subcrÃnico apenas imipramina apresentou efeito antidepressivo. No LCE imipramina apresentou efeito ansiolÃtico enquanto paroxetina apresentou efeito ansiogÃnico. No LTE com ratos tratados cronicamente, paroxetina, diazepam e buspirona apresentaram efeito anti-ansiedade-generalizada enquanto imipramina, diazepam e paroxetina apresentaram efeito anti-pÃnico. No LTE com camundongos tratados cronicamente, imipramina, diazepam, buspirona e paroxetina apresentaram respostas anti-ansiedade-generalizada e apenas a paroxetina demonstrou efeito anti-pÃnico. Assim, imipramina, uma droga eficaz nos transtornos depressivos, ansiedade generalizada e pÃnico, foi responsÃvel por respostas semelhantes nos modelos animais (com exceÃÃo do LTE para camundongos). Diazepam, uma droga utilizada para ansiedade generalizada e com alguns efeitos no pÃnico, apresentou comportamento semelhante nos modelos, tendo efeito antipÃnico no LTE para ratos e nÃo para camundongos. Buspirona, uma droga utilizada na clinica apenas para ansiedade generalizada, nÃo apresentou efeitos antidepressivos ou antipÃnico em nenhum experimento. Paroxetina, inibidor seletivo da recaptaÃÃo da serotonina, antidepressivo, ansiolÃtico e antipÃnico, apresentou atividade ansiogÃnica no LCE (demonstrando este aparelho como inadequado para avaliar esta classe de droga) e efeito anti-ansiedade-generalizada e anti-pÃnico tanto em LTE para ratos quanto para camundongos. Conclui-se que o LTE para camundongos à um modelo adequado para detectar efeitos ansiolÃticos e anti-pÃnico das drogas, este Ãltimo em especial para drogas serotonÃrgicas
The disorders of anxiety use to have high levels of prevalence among population, with varying degrees of severity, eventually causing disability. Deakin & Graeff have conceived a theoretical model, relating distal defence, amygdala and generalized anxiety, on the one hand, and proximal defence, periaqueductal grey substance and panic, on the other. In this proposal, serotonin eases anxiety, but inhibits the panic. The format of the Elevated T Maze (ETM) would be more effective to distinguish these two patterns of anxiety, in contrast to Elevated plus maze (EPM), one of the models most frequently used to evaluate anxiolytic effects of drugs. The model was validated for rats, with little description about the use in mice. In the first experiment, the animals (Swiss mice, 10 in each group) were treated with saline (10 ml / kg, ip), imipramine (30mg/kg; ip), diazepan (1mg/kg; ip), paroxetine (5mg/kg ; Ip), paroxetine (10mg/kg; ip) and paroxetine (20mg/kg; ip) and evaluated in the Forced Swim Test (FST). In the second experiment the mice were divided into five groups (n = 10) and treated with saline (10 ml/kg, ip), imipramine (30mg/kg; ip), diazepan (2mg/kg; ip), paroxetine (10mg / kg, ip), buspirone (10mg/kg; ip), daily for one week (subchronic), and after that they were evaluated in the FST. In the third experiment mice were treated subcronic with saline, imipramine (30mg/kg; IP), paroxetine (10mg/kg; IP), diazepam (2mg/kg; IP) and buspirone (10mg/kg; IP) and then tested in EPM. In the fourth experiment, were used Wistar rats that received daily, by gavage, saline, imipramine (10mg/kg), paroxetine (10mg/kg), diazepam (1mg/kg) or buspirone (10mg/kg) for 24 consecutive days (in volume 1 ml per kg) and then were evaluated in ETM and Open Field Test (OFT). The fifth experiment was similar to the fourth, being used mice and adapted device for ETM. The results were: imipramine and three doses of paroxetine presented antidepressant effect, as diazepam showed depressive effect on acute FST. In subchronic FST, only imipramine presented antidepressant effect. In the EPM, imipramine presented anxiolytic effect as paroxetine presented anxiogenic effect. In ETM with rats chronically treated, paroxetine, diazepan and buspirone showed anti-generalized-anxiety-like effect, as imipramine, diazepan and paroxetine showed anti-panic-like effect. In ETM with mice chronically treated with imipramine, diazepan, buspirone and paroxetine presented responses anti-generalized-anxiety-like and only paroxetine showed anti-panic-like effect. Thus, imipramine, a drug effective in depressive disorders, generalized anxiety and panic, was responsible for similar responses in animal models (except for the ETM for mice). Diazepam, a drug used to generalized anxiety and with some effects in panic, presented similar behavior in the models, with antipanic-like effect in ETM for rats and not for the mice. Buspirone, a drug used in clinic only to generalized anxiety, did not present antidepressant or antipanic effects in any experiment. Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), antidepressant, anxiolytic and antipanic, presented anxiogenic activity in EPM (demonstrating this device as inadequate to evaluate this class of drugs) and anti-generalized-anxiety and anti-panic both in ETM for rats and for mice. We concludes that the ETM for mice is an appropriate model to detect anxiolytic and anti-panic effects of drugs, the latter especially for 5-HT drugs
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Mendonça, Reginaldo Teixeira. "A medicalização de conflitos: consumo de ansiolíticos e antidepressivos em grupos populares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-28092009-164952/.
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Esta pesquisa retrata uma experiência etnográfica sobre o consumo de medicamentos antidepressivos e ansiolíticos fornecidos por uma farmácia pública aos moradores de uma área formada por três bairros da cidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Esta área era formada por casas populares, casas luxuosas e por uma favela, sendo coberta pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, com a exceção de uma parte das casas populares, a qual era formado pelas casas COHAB (Companhia Habitacional). O bairro com as casas luxuosas foi incluído somente na observação participante e na fotografia. Os motivos do consumo destes medicamentos, investigados com entrevistas abertas, observação participante, diário de campo e fotografia, são justificados através de uma remodelação e reorganização de espaços entre os moradores destes bairros, marcados por desigualdades sociais, de gênero e pela busca de diferenciação, numa hierarquia classificada entre o ideal e o indesejado através do curso de vida dos moradores. A seleção dos entrevistados foi realizada a partir dos dados da dispensação dos medicamentos psicoativos pela farmácia pública fornecedora, a qual também estava incluída na experiência etnográfica, tendo sido a dispensação dos medicamentos incluída na observação participante. O consumo de medicamentos psicoativos foi analisado a partir da ótica de seus consumidores, revelando que estariam contribuindo para perpetuar os papéis sociais frente à dinâmica social, como os relacionados ao gênero e à classe social. A pesquisa revela uma associação entre vida cotidiana e consumo de medicamentos psicoativos, destoante de um produzir saúde, esperado da relação entre serviços de saúde e população, e de uma associação entre doença e uso de medicamentos. Aprofundar questões sociais sobre o consumo de medicamentos em grupos populares poderá evitar seu uso abusivo com a função de produzir um corpo explorado quimicamente por se estender seus limites de produção, aprofundando e silenciando desigualdades sociais. O consumo de medicamentos psicoativos deve ser analisado com cautela, devendo seu consumo ser problematizado.This research shows an ethnographic experience on the use of antidepressant and anxiolytic medicines provided by a public pharmacy to the residents of an area formed by three sectors of the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP. This area was formed by popular houses, luxury houses and a shantytown, and covered by the Family Health Strategy, with the exception of part of the popular houses, wich was formed by COHAB houses (Housing Company). The neighborhood with luxury houses was included only in a participant observation and in the photograph. The reasons for the use of the medecines, investigated with open interview, participant oservation, a field diary and photograph, are justified through a remodeling and recognization of space between the residents of these neigborhoods, marked by social inequality, gender and the search for differentiation, in a classified hierarchy between the ideal and unwanted y the life´s course of residents. The selection of interviewees was made from the data of the dispensing of psychoactive medicines by the provider public pharmacy, wich was also included in the etnographic experience, having been dispensing of medicines included in participant observation. The use of psychoactive medicines has been examined from the perspective of their consumers, revealing that they were helping to perpetuate social roles in the social dynamicsrelated to gender and social class. The research shows an association between daily life and use of psychoactive medicines, diverging from the production of health, which is waited in the relashionship between health services and population, and diverging from assocition between illness and medication use. Deepening social issues on the consumption of medecines in popular groups may prevent their abuse with the function of producing a body explored chemically because it has extended their limits of production, deepening and keeping quiet the social inequalities. The consumption of psychoactive medecines should be examined with caution, their consumption should be problematized
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Cayer, Christian. ""In vivo" Behavorial Characterization of Anxiolytic Botanicals." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20473.
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This thesis studied three plants traditionally used for treating a variety of anxiety related conditions. The three species were Roseroot, Rhodiola rosea from Nunavik, Cordonsillo, Piper amalago from Belize and “Sin Susto”, Souroubea sympetala from Costa Rica. The main objective of this research project was to investigate effects on behavior of these traditionally used native plants. It was found that the crude ethanol extracts derived from these plants administered intragastrically had measurable anxiolytic effects in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats treated with extracts of these plants were then tested in several behavioral paradigms: elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction (SI), conditioned emotional response (CER) and fear potentiated startle FPS. “Sin susto” produced significant anti-anxiety effects in several paradigms. Its active principle, betulinic acid, was significantly active in the EPM and FPS at a dose of 0.5mg/kg. Cordonsillo had strong activity in the SI paradigm and Roseroot in the CER paradigm. The results suggest that traditional use is based on pharmacological activity of the plants.
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Shaw, David. "Effects of anxiolytic compounds on open field behaviour." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421898.
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Mongeau, Raymond. "Antidepressant and anxiolytic action on the Serotonin1A binding site." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59934.
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Several lines of evidence suggest an involvement of serotonin$ sb{ rm 1A}$ (5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors in the regulation of emotions. In order to investigate the molecular basis of recent electrophysiological findings which implicated 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressants and anxiolytics, radioligand binding and autoradiographic studies using tritiated 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)-tetralin ( ($ sp3$H) -8-OH-DPAT) were done in rat brain following various treatments. These included: the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine; the reuptake blockers paroxetine and indalpine; the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline; electroconvulsive shock; lithium; the classic benzodiazepine diazepam; and the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ partial agonist gepirone. None of these treatments, nor the fluctuation in 5-HT availability provoked by the circadian cycle, gave any significant changes, with the exception of clorgyline which initially appeared to decrease the affinity of ($ sp3$H) -8-OH-DPAT for its receptor. A further series of studies in vitro and in vivo ascertained the possibility that the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors may display two interconvertible affinity states and that, in fact, clorgyline induces a shift of the high to the lower affinity state. The findings from this second series of experiments suggested that labile changes, which may possibly be disrupted during membrane preparation, in the coupling between the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptor and a guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) may account for the effects that certain treatments have on 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptor responsiveness.
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Thongsaard, Watchareewan. "Behavioural and pharmacological properties of barakol : a natural anxiolytic." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339568.
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Almeida, Carlos Alberto Araujo de. "Identificação e determinação de fármacos ansiolíticos e antiepilépticos e seus metabólitos em efluente hospitalar." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4242.
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A new analytical methodology was developed in order to investigate the presence of five psychoactive
drugs (anxiolytic and antiepileptics), namely, bromazepam, carbamazepine, clonazepam, diazepam, and
lorazepam in the effluent of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) of the Federal University of
Santa Maria (UFSM), since these compounds are widely used in the treatment of anxiety and epilepsy.
Samples were collected from two points to check the concentration of the compounds: Point A
(Emergency) and point B (General Effluent - which covers the Central Library and HUSM). The method of
clean-up/pre-concentration by solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to assess the occurrence of
anxiolytic and antiepileptic drugs in the effluent of HUSM. Three methods were developed and validated to
determine these compounds: i) high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLCUV),
ii) high performance liquid chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and iii)
liquid chromatography-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (LCMS/
MS_Qtrap). Among the methods evaluated, LC-MS/MS_Qtrap with electrospray in positive mode
yielded better results. The detection limit (LOD, S/N ≥3) for lorazepam and bromazepam was 4.90±0.95 ng
L-1 and for carbamazepine, clonazepam and diazepam, 6.10±1.50 ng L-1. The limit of quantification (LOQ,
S/N ≥10) was 30.00±1.10 ng L-1 bromazepam , clonazepam and lorazepam; 50.00±1.81 ng L-1,
carbamazepine; and 40.00±0.98 ng L-1 diazepam. The linear range of the assay (LC-MS/MS_Qtrap) was
30-1500 ng L-1 for bromazepam; 50-2500 ng L-1, carbamazepine; 30-2500 ng L-1, clonazepam; 40-2500
ng L-1, diazepam; and 30 - 2000 ng L-1, lorazepam. The correlation coefficient (R2>0.997) for all
compounds. The effectiveness of the methodology was verified by recovery with the fortification of three
concentration levels in triplicate samples of hospital effluent. The average recovery rates observed were:
93.9±2.1% for bromazepam; 92.6±4.2%, carbamazepine; 93.9%±3.0 clonazepam; 91.8%±6.0 for
diazepam; and 93.8%±4.3 for lorazepam. The mean concentrations of psychiatric drugs detected in the
effluent of the Emergency and General Effluent were respectively: 195.0±6.4 ng L-1 and 137.1±7.0 ng L-1
for bromazepam; 589.6±6.1 ng L-1, and 460.7±9.3 ng L-1, carbamazepine; 645.0±0.3 ng L-1 and 571.0±
9.9ng L-1, diazepam; 95.7±6.7 ng L-1 and 42.4±4.2 ng L-1 lorazepam; and 134.3 ± 9.8 ng L-1 and 56.9 ±
9.9 ng L-1 clonazepam. The identification of metabolites in the hospital effluent was made through (LCMS/
MS_Qtrap). The metabolites identified were: 3-hydroxybromazepam (bromazepam), 7-
aminoclonazepam (clonazepam), carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide, 10-dihydroxy-10,11-
dihydrocarbamazepine, iminoquinone, 2-hydroxy-carbamazepine and acridone (carbamazepine), and
nordiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam (diazepam), and their fragmentation pathways were proposed.
Was performed a preliminary risk assessment of anxiolytic and antiepileptic drugs with the aid of literature
data and found that the carbamazepine and diazepam compounds showed the highest risk (0.85 and 0.90,
respectively) among the compounds analyzed. According to the results we can say that they present
medium risk requiring more attention in terms of toxicity. However, no literature data were found on the
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) for bromazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, not allowing the
calculation of risk quotient (RQ) for these compounds.Therefore, we observed the occurrence of anxiolytic
and antiepileptic drugs in the effluent of HUSM at concentrations in the order of ng L-1. The analytical
method for LC-MS/MS_Qtrap developed for the determination of psychoactive drugs (bromazepam,
carbamazepine, clonazepam, diazepam and lorazepam) in hospital effluent proved to be sensitive and
selective, eliminating laborious sample handling and requiring chromatographic run of just 15 minutes. The
occurrence of these drugs and environmental risks associated demonstrate the need for more efficient
treatment for the hospital effluent.Uma nova metodologia analítica foi desenvolvida com a finalidade de investigar a presença de cinco fármacos psicoativos (ansiolíticos e antiepilépticos): bromazepam, carbamazepina, clonazepam, diazepam e lorazepam no efluente do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), visto que estes compostos são amplamente utilizados no tratamento da ansiedade e da epilepsia. As amostras foram coletadas de dois pontos para a verificação da concentração dos compostos: o Ponto A (efluente do PAHUSM) e o ponto B (efluente geral que abrange o HUSM e a Biblioteca Central). Utilizou-se um método de clean-up/pré-concentração por extração em fase sólida, para avaliar a ocorrência de ansiolíticos e antiepilépticos no efluente do HUSM. Deste modo, três métodos para determinar estes compostos foram desenvolvidos e validados: i) cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por ultravioleta (HPLC-UV), ii) cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por espectrometria de massa (LC-MS) e iii) cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massa com ionização por eletronebulização e armadilha de íons (LC-MS/MS_Qtrap). Dentre os métodos avaliados, o LC-MS/MS_Qtrap com eletronebulização no modo positivo obteve melhores resultados. O limite de detecção (LOD, S/N ≥3) para bromazepam e lorazepam foi 4,90±0,95 ng L-1 e, para carbamazepina, clonazepam e diazepam, 6,10±1,50 ng L-1. O limite de quantificação (LOQ, S/N ≥10) foi de 30,00±1,10 ng L-1, para bromazepam, clonazepam e lorazepam; carbamazepina, 50,00±1,81 ng L-1 e, diazepam, 40,00±0,98 ng L-1. A faixa linear do método (LC-MS/MS_Qtrap) para bromazepam foi de 30-1500 ng L-1, para carbamazepina 50-2500 ng L-1; clonazepam de 30-2500 ng L-1, diazepam 40-2500 ng L-1 e para lorazepam foi de 30-2000 ng L-1. O coeficiente de correlação (R2 >0,997) para todos os compostos. A eficiência da metodologia foi verificada através da recuperação com a fortificação em três níveis de concentração em triplicata de amostras de efluente hospitalar. As taxas de recuperação média constatadas foram: para bromazepam 93,9%±2,1; carbamazepina 92,6%±4,2; clonazepam 93,9%±3,0; diazepam 91,8%±6,0 e lorazepam foi de 93,8%±4,3. As concentrações médias das drogas psiquiátricas detectadas no efluente do PA-HUSM e efluente geral foram respectivamente: bromazepam, 195,0±6,4 ng L-1 e 137,1±7,0 ng L-1; carbamazepina, 589,6±6,1 ng L-1 e 460,7±9,3 ng L-1, diazepam, 645,0±0,3 ng L-1 e 571,0±9,9 ng L-1, lorazepam, 95,7±6,7 ng L-1 e 42,4±4,2 ng L-1 e clonazepam, 134,3±9,8 ng L-1 e 56,9±9,9 ng L-1. A identificação dos metabólitos no efluente hospitalar foi realizada através de LC-MS/MS_Qtrap. Os metabólitos identificados foram: 3-hidroxi-bromazepam (bromazepam), 7-amino-clonazepam (clonazepam), carbamazepina 10,11-epóxido, 10-dihidroxi-10,11-dihidrocarbamazepina, iminoquinona, 2-hidroxi-carbamazepina e acridona (carbamazepina), nordiazepam, oxazepam e temazepam (diazepam) e, seus caminhos de fragmentação foram propostos. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco preliminar de ansiolíticos e antiepilépticos com o auxílio de dados da literatura e foi verificado que os compostos carbamazepina e diazepam apresentaram maior risco com Quociente de Risco teórico (0,85 e 0,90, respectivamente) entre os compostos analisados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se dizer que apresentam risco médio, requerendo maior atenção em termos de toxicidade. Entretanto, dados na literatura não foram encontrados sobre a Concentração Prevista que Não Causa Efeito (PNEC) para bromazepam, clonazepam e lorazepam, impossibilitando o cálculo do quociente de risco (QR) para estes compostos. Portanto, foi evidenciada a ocorrência de ansiolíticos e antiepilépticos no efluente do HUSM em concentrações na ordem de ng L-1. O método analítico por LC-MS/MS_Qtrap desenvolvido para a determinação das drogas psicoativas (bromazepam, carbamazepina, clonazepam, diazepam e lorazepam) no efluente hospitalar provou ser sensível, seletivo, dispensando manipulação laboriosa da amostra e exigindo corrida cromatográfica de apenas 15 minutos. A ocorrência destes fármacos e os riscos ambientais associados demonstram a necessidade de sistema mais eficiente de tratamento para o efluente hospitalar.
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McCallaghan, Johannes Jacobus. "An investigation into the anxiolytic properties of melatonin in humans." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003250.
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The purpose of this project was to investigate the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of anxiety in humans. The literature study confirmed the intimate relationship between serotonin and melatonin. Melatonin is not only able to act as an agonist (in physiological concentrations) and an antagonist (at higher concentrations) on serotonin receptors but via control of brain pyridoxal kinase activity might have an effect on GABA, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine synthesis. A clinical trial to investigate melatonin's effect on anxiety in humans was conducted as a pilot study. Thirty patients complaining of anxiety participated in a liN of 1" double blind placebo controlled trial. During the experiment each subject was thus exposed to melatonin and a placebo for a week at a time on two occasions. During the first phase of the experiment, (Pair '1) patients showed a statistically significant reduction in their anxiety levels during the first period (P1P1), which was not the case during the second period (P1P2). The improvement however continued during the second phase of the experiment (Pair 2) so that there was also a statistically significant improvement during P 2 P 2 (Period 2 / Pair 2) when placebo was administered. It could not conclusively be shown that melatonin was responsible for the improvement in the patients' anxiety. The explanation for these results suggests thelt the improvement was due to a: 1) placebo effect throughout, 2) psychotherapeutic effect due to contact with a clinician, 3) melatonin induced phase shift in the patient's endogenous melatonin response curve, 4) combination of all 3 options. This pilot study lays the groundwork for a much more exhaustive study in which the melatonin of the patients is determined before melatonin is administered, the role of the clinician is clarified and the most appropriate time for melatonin administration is sought .
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Cederholm, Emil. "The vine of the soul : Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Ayahuasca." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20190.
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Depression and anxiety are two of the most common psychiatric disorders and leading causes of disability. Antidepressants and anxiolytics, though revolutionary, do not treat all those suffering from these diseases satisfactorily. Psychedelics are currently under investigation as remedies for several ailments, including depression and anxiety. One classical psychedelic, Ayahuasca, is a concoction of the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis and has historically been used by Amazonian natives for therapeutic and ritual purposes. The brew contains monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors (MAOI) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), producing an altered state of consciousness characterized by visions and introspection. In this systematic review, I aimed to determine the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Ayahuasca. Sixteen articles out of 687 hits on electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were finally included after closer examination. The studies range in quality and are performed on healthy volunteers and volunteers with self-reported depression or anxiety and patients suffering from treatment-resistant and major depression. Ayahuasca seems to be well tolerated and safe to administer and consistently produce antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in the studies. However, the description of the sometimes arbitrary results vary, and higher-quality research is needed before we can be certain of Ayahuasca as a remedy.
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Yao, Chunyan. "Antinociceptive, antidepressant, anxiolytic and toxicity studies on Piper laetispicum C. DC." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ055S/document.
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Piper laetispicum C. DC. (Piperaceae) est une plante du milieu traditionnel chinoise particulièrement au niveau des provinces de Xiao-Chang Feng, Hu Shan-Jiao, Ye Hu-Jiao. Le Piper laetispicum C. DC (Piperaceae) est une espèce endémique montagneuse dépourvue de poils, la plante est retrouvé dans la partie sud de la Chine. En médecine traditionnelle , elle est utilisée pour soigner de nombreuses maladies par exemple, pour l'amélioration de la circulation et la réduction de la stase, la détumescence et l'aspect analgésique. La partie aérienne de Piper laetispicum (Hei Shagan en dialecte Dai) est largement utilisé chez les Dai, une des ethnies minoritaires de la Chine, pour traiter les épigastralgies et les douleurs abdominales. En effet plus d'une centaine de plantes médicinales ont été recensées dans notre groupe, mais notre attention s'est portée sur le Piper laetispicum pour ses potentielles propriétés antidépressives. Sur la base d'informations reçues auprès de praticiens, l'étude s'est portée sur l'évaluation des propriétés antidépresseurs, antinociceptifs, les effets anxiolytiques ainsi que le mécanisme d'action et l'évaluation de la toxicité préliminairePiper laetispicum C. DC. (Piperaceae), populary known in folk as Xiao Chan-feng, Shan Hu-jiao, Ye Hu-jiao, is an endemic climbing, glabrous plant available in the southern part of China. As a folk medicine, this plant enjoys vast uses for invigorating circulation and reducing stasis, detumescence and analgesic. Besides, the aerial part of P. laetispicum (Hei Shagan in Dai dialect) is widely used in Dai nationality, one of the 55 ethnic minorities of China, to treat epigastralgia, abdominal pain. After scanning more than 100 medicinal plants in our group, we focus on P. laetispicum because of its potential antidepressant activity. Based on this information and the folk use of P. laetispicum, the present study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, as well as the mechanism of actions. The toxicity was studied preliminary
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
Full textAbstract:
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26469.
Full textAbstract:
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Martens, Kristina Marie. "Benign Environmental Distractors Modulate the Anxiolytic Effects of Marijuana Administration in Humans." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/281.
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One experiment examined the relationship between smoked marijuana and anxiety generated by the anticipation of a stressor paired with a salient, benign distractor. It was hypothesized that smoking one marijuana cigarette with an estimated &delta9-THC content of 26.25 mg, relative to placebo, would reduce anxiety generated by an anticipatory stressor paired with a benign distractor. In the experiment 14 marijuana users with a mean frequency of marijuana use per week of 2.07 (Range = 1-3) were administered one marijuana cigarette (active vs. placebo) per experimental session. A significant Drug × Session interaction was observed such that during the first experimental session, participants administered active marijuana reported non-significant decreases in negative affect, relative to placebo, while those administered active marijuana during the second experimental session reported significant increases in negative affect. This finding indicates that large individual differences in response to drug type (active vs. placebo) occurred within the participant sample. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of individual differences and contextual factors on the observed differential affective responses to &delta9-THC in order to identify which participants experienced the greatest benefit in negative affect reduction from &delta9-THC.
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Menard, Janet L. "Effects of intra-cerebral infusion of anxiolytic compounds in animal models of anxiety." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ39569.pdf.
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Rowse, Amber Jane. "Equal but Opposite: Acute Anxiolytic versus Chronic Anxiogenic Effects Following Adolescent Fluoxetine Use." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4816.
Full textAbstract:
Fluoxetine (FIx) is cunently one the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications for
adolescents suffering from various emotional disorders. FIx has been approved by the United
States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adolescent major depressive
disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OeD), despite limited research into the
possible long-term effects of this psychoactive substance on the developing adolescent brain.
The cunent study aimed to investigate the effects of adolescent FIx exposure on later anxietylike
behaviour in rats. The current study involved the oral administration of FIx hydrochloride, via
drinking water, to Inale and female adolescent PVG/C Hooded rats. There were three treatment
conditions with differing FIx treatment periods (early, late or early plus late), and a control group.
Immediately following FIx treatment, all groups were tested on an acute open-field test. The rats
were then tested on two later occasions during adulthood on a battery of anxiety-related tests: the
light-dark box test, the responsiveness to brightness change Y -maze and the social interaction test
(SIT). On the acute open-field test, the FIx-treated rats displayed greater ambulation and possibly
lower corner square occupancy, suggestive of an acute anxiolytic effect of FIx. The chronic effects
testing suggested that rats treated during the late phase of adolescence, either alone or in combination
with early treatlnent, were the Inost affected by FIx. The late FIx-treated group spent less time in the
light during the light-dark box test, and defecated more than other groups during the SIT. In
addition, the males within the late FIx-treated group spent significantly more time within the
comer squares and less time within the centre squares of the SIT apparatus than males from the
early FIx-treated group. Overall this study suggests that the long-term effects of adolescent FIx
use are anxiogenic.
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Barnes, J. M. "Neurochemical assessments of the actions of novel agents having nootropic and anxiolytic potential." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234701.
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Kaplan, Claire M. "Understanding the Anxiolytic Effects of Alcohol on the Central Extended Amygdala in Humans." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10621003.
Full textAbstract:
The anxiety-reducing properties of alcohol are thought to contribute to development of alcohol dependence, particularly among individuals with anxiety disorders. Remarkably little is known, however, about the neural circuitry underlying anxiolytic effects of alcohol in humans. In a sample of 72 healthy adults, we employed the novel MultiThreat Countdown (MTC) task to investigate the dose-dependent consequences of acute alcohol intoxication (BAL range: 0.061 - 0.145%) during anticipation of certain or uncertain threat, compared to placebo. Focal analyses of the central extended amygdala revealed significant activation during threat in the right, but not left, hemisphere for both the central nucleus [Ce] and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BST]. Increasing BALs were associated with decreasing activation in right BST and self-reported fear/anxiety levels during threat. This effect did not differ between certain and uncertain threat. These results build upon converging lines of evidence and suggest involvement of BST in alcohol-induced anxiolysis.
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Zhao, Hui. "Hypotensive and anxiolytic activities and mechanisms of rubimetide (Met-Arg-Trp) derived from Rubisco." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136628.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第13901号
農博第1716号
新制||農||956(附属図書館)
学位論文||H20||N4368(農学部図書室)
UT51-2008-C817
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 吉川 正明, 教授 井上 國世, 教授 入江 一浩
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Gao, Beirong. "Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs : an ethological study of their effects on the behaviour of mice." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386273.
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Effects of anxiolytic compounds of diverse chemical classes (chlordiazepoxide, buspirone, ritanserin, propranolol and BRL46470) on the behaviour of mice were examined in several animal models of anxiety. These models included social interaction by male mice in the animal's home cage and an unfamiliar neutral cage, the light/dark box and responsiveness of the mice to calls from predatory and non-predatory birds. Effects of anxiolytics were also examined in mice in the timid female paradigm, and on the behaviour of marmosets when confronted with their unfamiliar conspecifics. Effects of anxiolytics in mice were compared with those of quinpirole, given at anxiogenic dose levels. The results showed that during social interaction, anxiolytic compounds released behaviour of animals that normally was suppressed by social and environmental constraints. In male mice, anxiolytics also increased exploratory digging and in some cases enhanced aggression. Quinpirole, however, in these models, decreased their social investigation, non-social activities as well as locomotor activities while increasing their flight behaviour. In the present studies, the light/dark box model was found to be sensitive to chlordiazepoxide and several other anxiolytics after acute administration. Effects of three classical antidepressants (imipramine, phenelzine, mianserin) on social interaction in male mice were also screened, using similar ethological techniques. It was found that the effects of antidepressants following different time courses were different from the effects of anxiolytics. When given acutely, antidepressants induced a range of diverse changes to behaviour which included anxiogenic-like effects, such as decrease of aggressive behaviour and social investigation. After subchronic administration, antidepressants exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in that they increased social investigation and sometimes increased aggression. Enhancement of exploratory digging was found only by subchronic administration of one of the antidepressants tested. Commonalities in the behavioural effects induced by anxiolytics and antidepressants when given by long-term administration indicate that they may be acting at common pathways in the central nervous system. They may act to suppress functioning of the behavioural inhibition system and also influence the hippocampal-5-HT defence reactions. The dissimilarities of behavioural effects produced by anxiolytics and antidepressants suggest that these drugs may alter defensive responding via different neurochemical routes
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Leathley, Michael John. "An assessment of the dependence potential novel anxiolytic drugs and their effects on benzodiazepine withdrawal." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240267.
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Wijeweera, Priyantha. "Phytochemical basis for the anxiolytic activity of the ayurvedic medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L) Urb (gotukola)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26349.
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Gotukola (Centella asiatica L. Urban) (Apiaceae), its extracts and the pure compound asiaticoside were studied for anxiolytic activity in thirteen standardized rat trials. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to conduct the phytochemical analysis. Among different models tested, the most promising positive response for anxiolytic activity was observed in the elevated plus maze test conducted with: (a) whole plant materials, (b) ethyl acetate and methanol fractions and (c) asiaticoside. The results show for the first time that asiaticoside and triterpene enriched fractions of gotukola have anxiolytic effects in animal models. Therefore, they are recommended for clinical trials. The findings of this study also support the ayurvedic use of gotukola for psychiatric disorders.
Other supplementary investigations conducted show that methyl jasmonate and full sunlight enhance the expression of asiaticoside in gotukola plants. The stolon explants were more successful compared to the leaf explants in in vitro propagation of gotukola.
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Oliveira, Iris Cristina Maia. "Efeitos centrais da riparina I de aniba riparia (NEES) MEZ (LAURACEAE) em modelos comportamentais de ansiedade, depressão, sono e convulsão em camundongos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/5546.
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OLIVEIRA, Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira. Efeitos centrais da riparina I de aniba riparia (NEES) MEZ (LAURACEAE) em modelos comportamentais de ansiedade, depressão, sono e convulsão em camundongos. 2012. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2012.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2013-08-05T13:21:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_icmoliveira.pdf: 2951973 bytes, checksum: bed7acfe614028bf91d24d94081fc8eb (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Erika Fernandes(erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2013-08-06T11:54:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_icmoliveira.pdf: 2951973 bytes, checksum: bed7acfe614028bf91d24d94081fc8eb (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-06T11:54:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_icmoliveira.pdf: 2951973 bytes, checksum: bed7acfe614028bf91d24d94081fc8eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
A Riparina I é uma alcamida isolada do fruto não maduro da Aniba riparia. Estudos prévios demonstraram que dois de seus análogos estruturais, as Riparinas II e III, desencadeiam ações ansiolíticas e antidepressivas em modelos animais clássicos. A fim de contribuir com a busca por melhores alternativas terapêuticas para os tratamentos da ansiedade, depressão e convulsão em humanos, investigou-se os efeitos centrais da Riparina I em camundongos. Para tanto, utilizou-se modelos clássicos de triagem de agentes sedativo/hipnóticos, antidepressivos e anticonvulsivantes: Campo Aberto (CA), Rota Rod (RR), Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE), Placa Perfurada(PP), Suspensão da Cauda (SC), Nado Forçado (NF), Tempo de Sono induzido por Pentobarbital (TSP) e Convulsão induzida por Pentilenotetrazol (CP). Para estes testes, os animais receberam administração aguda de Riparina I, doses 25 ou 50 mg/kg, por vias oral ou intraperitoneal. Demonstrou-se que a administração da substância teste nas doses de 25 e 50 mg/kg produziu um efeito ansiolítico, anticonvulsivante e potencializador do tempo de sono barbitúrico e que nestas mesmas doses não apresentou efeito estimulante motor ou relaxante muscular. Além disso, a Riparina I causou um efeito antidepressivo em dois modelos animais clássicos preditivos de propriedades antidepressivas (TSC e TNF), não relacionado a um efeito psicoestimulante, e que parece ser mediado, pelo menos em parte, por uma interação com os sistemas dopaminérgico (receptores D1 e D2), noradrenérgico (receptores α1 e α2) e serotoninérgico (receptores 5-HT2A/2C). Esse estudo fornece evidências experimentais e abre perspectivas para estudos posteriores que podem culminar com uma futura utilização terapêutica da Riparina I no tratamento da depressão, ansiedade, insônia e convulsão. Entretanto, estudos posteriores mais aprofundados far-se-ão necessários para confirmar os mecanismos envolvidos nos efeitos apresentados.
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Maguire, Aideen. "Measuring mental health : a pharmacoepidemiological study of the factors affecting antidepressant and anxiolytic uptake in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602363.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, mental ill health is a growing concern and it's estimated that approximately 1 in 4 individuals will suffer from poor mental health at some stage in their lifetime. Accurate measurement of the prevalence of common mental disorders does not exist, but is necessary for the planning of services, policy development, evaluation, and assessment of needs. Estimates on the magnitude of mental ill health in the population are currently based primarily on survey data. The original contribution to knowledge that this PhD study offers is the introduction of a novel method of measuring population wide mental health in Northern Ireland by utilising antidepressant and anxiolytic drug uptake as proxy indicators of common mood disorder. The thesis generated a dataset containing accurate demographic and prescribing data utilising existing databases, including the national prescribing database, from within the Business Services Organisation. This allowed for population wide analysis of the prevalence of antidepressant and anxiolytic drug uptake. Second ly, this dataset was linked to census returns information from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) . Both the prescribing data and the NILS contain an individual's unique health and care number allowing for one to one linkage of data sets and the exploration of the individual and area level factors associated with common mood disorder. Most of the variation in antidepressant and anxiolytic drug uptake was explained content not context, suggesting it is who you are not where you live that matters most in relation to common mood disorder. jlastly the prescribing data were linked to administrative data relating to ca re homes for older people to examine the longitudinally the uptake of psychotropic drugs in an older and vulnerable population. This thesis highlights the potential of utilising prescribing data as a proxy indicator of mental ill and as a tool for monitoring prescribing trends in the population.
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Kramali, Akram Khudadad. "Bruk av hypnotika og anxiolytika hos voksne befolkningen 35-54 år : Reseptregisteret 2013- 2016." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157888.
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Ionescu, Irina. "Characterization of Neuropeptide S (NPS) in view of its potential as a novel anxiolytic therapy for anxiety disorders." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-147205.
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Slabbert, Francois Naudé. "The effect of acute and chronic sildenafil treatment with and without atropine co-administration on anxiety-like behaviour in rats / Francois Naudé Slabbert." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8424.
Full textAbstract:
The neurobiology of anxiety-related disorders is associated with impaired neuroplasticity. The glutamate/NO/cGMP pathway has been proposed to play a key role in neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment. It was demonstrated in recent reports that chronic co-administration of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil and the antimuscarinic agent atropine exerts antidepressive-like activity in rats, and that this effect is related to PDE5 inhibition, with consequent elevation of cGMP levels and enhanced protein kinase G stimulation.
The current study investigated possible anxiolytic effects of the chronic co-administration of sildenafil and atropine in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats. FSL rats received vehicle control, fluoxetine (15 mg/kg), atropine (1 mg/kg), sildenafil (10 mg/kg) or sildenafil plus atropine via intraperitoneal administration, either acutely 30 minutes prior to testing (acutely) or daily for 14 days (chronically). FRL control rats received only vehicle. Thereafter anxiety-like behaviour was evaluated in the social interaction test (SIT - acute) and elevated plus maze (EPM - acute and chronic). The current study also compared to different ways to score the EPM, namely the percentage time spend in the open arms of the EPM and both the number of full and half body open arm entries, and also implemented defecation on the EPM as a measure of anxiety.
Vehicle-treated FSL rats exhibited more anxiety-like behaviour than FRL rats in both the SIT and EPM following acute treatment, and in the EPM following chronic treatment. Acute treatment with fluoxetine exerted anxiogenic activity in the SIT and EPM, but anxiolytic activity following chronic administration, as observed in the EPM. In acute treatments neither sildenafil nor sildenafil plus atropine yielded any significant effects on anxiety-like behaviour. However, following chronic treatment, sildenafil exerted anxiolytic activity in the EPM by increasing the time spend in the open arms (45.72% ± 9.94% vs. 20.80% ± 9.94%, P<0.001). Atropine exerted a small anxiolytic response (30.71% ± 8.40% vs. 20.80 ± 9.94%), whereas atropine co-administration was additive to sildenafil alone and yielded an enhanced anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze (59.56% ± 4.95% vs. 20.80% ± 9.94%, P<0.001), relative to vehicle control. The percentage time spend in the open arms was scored in the EPM, the results suggested that the chronic treatment with sildenafil plus atropine exert an anxiolytic-like effect in FSL rats and the number of fecal droppings did not increase which is also an indication of an anxiolytic-like effects of the treatment.
The current study demonstrated that the chronic treatment with sildenafil, alone or in combination with atropine, exhibit an anxiolytic-like action in stress-sensitive rats. In addition, the data support the clinical potential of using PDE5 inhibitors as antidepressant and anxiolytic strategy and warrant further investigation. Furthermore the study supports the previously proposed key role of the glutamate/NO/cGMP pathway in the neurobiology of anxiety-like disorders, and as an important target for drug development.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Young, Barbara Ann. "Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze produced by kindling and low frequency stimulation of the basolateral amygdala." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62443.pdf.
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Morris, Hannah Victoria. "Investigating the role of the α2-containing GABA_A receptor subtype in mediating the anxiolytic and rewarding properties of benzodiazepines." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436236.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Christer Allgulander, Borwin Bandelow, Boer Johan A. den, David M. Christmas, et al. "Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35384.
Full textAbstract:
This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders provides an update on key steps in diagnosis and clinical management, including recognition, acute treatment, longer-term treatment, combination treatment, and further approaches for patients who have not responded to first-line interventions. A consensus meeting involving international experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of supporting evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines are based on available evidence, were constructed after extensive feedback from participants, and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision-making in primary, secondary and tertiary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients, their carers, and medicines management and formulary committees.
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Xu, Zhiwen. "Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202005%20XUZ.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005.On t.p. final "A" of GABAA is subscript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-167). Also available in electronic version.
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Wagner, Brooklyn K. "Oxytocin and the stress response in beef cattle: Opportunities and Limitations." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555325284731452.
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Johnell, Kristina. "Contextual and individual aspects of use of medication : multilevel studies on anxiolytic-hypnotic drug use, social context, adherence to medication, and disability pension /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-444-9/.
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Ionescu, Irina Alexandra [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Landgraf. "Characterization of Neuropeptide S (NPS) in view of its potential as a novel anxiolytic therapy for anxiety disorders / Irina Ionescu. Betreuer: Rainer Landgraf." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025224442/34.
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Scarante, Franciele Franco. "Efeitos comportamentais e neuroplásticos da combinação de escitalopram e canabinóides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-25072018-103829/.
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Antidepressivos clássicos apresentam uma série de limitações na prática clínica, sendo uma das mais relevantes a latência de 4 a 8 semanas para indução de uma melhora significativa dos sintomas. Existem evidências que canabinóides, como o fitocanabinóide canabidiol (CBD) e o inibidor de degradação da anandamida URB597 (URB) geram efeitos comportamentais semelhantes aos antidepressivos. Canabinóides e antidepressivos podem, inclusive, apresentar mecanismos moleculares em comum. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos comportamentais e neuroplásticos de uma semana de tratamento com a combinação de uma dose do antidepressivo escitalopram (ESC) que gera efeitos comportamentais após 3 semanas de tratamento com doses sub-efetivas de canabinóides em camundongos estressados. Para isso, camundongos C57Bl6 machos foram submetidos ao protocolo de estresse crônico imprevisível (CUS) ou ao protocolo de estresse de derrota social (SDS) por 10 dias. Os animais foram divididos em 7 grupos experimentais (n=8-13; Controle (Não estressado); Veículo (Veí/Veí); ESC 10mg/kg (Esc/Veí); CBD 7,5 mg/kg (Veí/CBD); URB 0,1 mg/kg (Veí/CBD); ESC/CBD; ESC/URB) e foram tratados durante os 7 últimos dias do protocolo de estresse (via i.p.). O tratamento com a combinação de escitalopram e CBD gerou respostas preditivas de um efeito do tipo-antidepressivo no teste de suspensão pela cauda e de um efeito do tipo-ansiolítico no novelty suppressed feeding tanto no modelo de estresse homotípico (SDS) quanto no modelo de estresse heterotípico (CUS). Paralelamente às alterações comportamentais, foi observado que o grupo ESC/CBD apresentou uma maior expressão relativa de sinaptofisina no córtex pré-frontal, evidenciando um possível efeito pró-sinaptogênico da combinação. Esse mesmo tratamento promoveu aumento na expressão de sinaptotagmina e ?-actina no hipocampo. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo evidenciam que a combinação com CBD pode otimizar a ação do antidepressivo escitalopram.Despite their widespread use, antidepressant drugs show some limitations in the clinical practice, including a delayed onset of action. Cannabinoid drugs, such as canabidiol (CBD) and the anandamide degradation inhibitor URB597 (URB), have shown behavioral effects that are similar to those induced by antidepressants in preclinical studies. Antidepressants and cannabinoids might even share common mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and neuroplastic effects of one week of treatment of stressed animals with the combination of sub-effective doses of cannabinoids with 10mg/Kg of escitalopram (ESC)- dose that prevented- stressinduced behavioural changes only after 3 weeks of treatment. Male C57Bl6 mice were subjected to a 10-day protocol of either social defeat stress (SDS) or chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Animals were divided in 7 experimental groups (n=8-13; Control (Non-stressed); Vehicle (Veh/Veh); ESC 10mg/kg (Esc/Veh); CBD 7,5mg/kg (Veh/CBD); URB 0,1mg/kg (Veh/CBD); ESC/CBD; ESC/URB) and the treatment was conducted during the 7 last days of the stress protocol (via i.p.). The treatment with the combination of ESC and CBD produced responses that are considered predictive of antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test and of anxiolytic-like effects in the novelty suppressed feeding in both the homotypic stress (SDS) and the heterotypic stress (CUS) models. In paralel with the bevavioral outcomes, molecular analysis revealed that the ESC/CBD group showed a higher relative expression of synaptophysin in the PFC, suggesting a pro-synaptogenic effect of the combination. Increased relative expression of synaptotagmin and ?-actin in the hippocampus following ESC/CBD treatment were also reported. The results presented in this study provide evidence that the combination with CBD can optimize the action of the antidepressant escitalopram.
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Provensi, Gustavo. "Investigação da atividade ansiolítica de passiflora alata curtis (passifloraceae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10883.
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Passiflora alata Curtis (PASSIFLORACEAE) é utilizada como tranqüilizante, seja popularmente ou pela indústria farmacêutica na produção de fitoterápicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, em camundongos, a atividade geral sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central e o efeito ansiolítico de um extrato hidroetanólico (70%) (EXT) e de duas frações enriquecidas (fração de saponinas - SAP e fração de flavonóides - FLA) obtidos das folhas de P. alata e, também, investigar o envolvimento do complexo receptor GABAA nos efeitos observados. O extrato e as frações foram administrados agudamente, pela via oral, e avaliados nos seguintes modelos: labirinto em cruz elevado, tempo de sono barbitúrico, avaliação da atividade locomotora espontânea, avaliação da coordenação motora em aparelho rota-rod e proteção às convulsões induzidas por pentilenotetrazol. FLA 300 mg/kg e SAP 600 e 900 mg/kg provocaram um efeito do tipo ansiolítico no labirinto em cruz elevado. FLA (CI50= 181,2 μg/mL) e SAP (CI50= 23,4 μg/mL) deslocaram a ligação específica de [3H]-TBOB em membranas sinaptossomais de córtex de ratos adicionadas de GABA (0,3 μM), indicando uma modulação positiva do canal de cloreto ativado por GABA, porém esse efeito não é mediado pelo sítio benzodiazepínico uma vez que ambas as frações não deslocaram a ligação de [3H]-flunitrazepam em concentrações até 300 μg/mL. O extrato hidroetanólico (EXT) provocou efeitodo tipo ansiolítico (300 mg/kg) no labirinto em cruz elevado, o qual foi bloqueado pela administração de flumazenil (6 mg/kg, i.p.). Porém, esse extrato em concentrações até 1000 μg/mL não deslocou a ligação de [3H]-flunitrazepam, indicando que o efeito ansiolítico é mediado pelo sítio benzodiazepínico mas não pela interação direta das substâncias presentes no extrato com este sítio. Na dose de 600 mg/kg não foi observado efeito ansiolítico para o extrato, porém foi verificada uma redução da atividade motora dos animais, indicando um efeito sedativo. EXT 300 e 600 e FLA 300 prolongaram o tempo de sono barbitúrico e SAP (300-900 mg/kg) não apresentou efeito neste teste. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que P. alata apresentou efeito hipnótico-sedativo e ansiolítico em camundongos, os quais parecem ser mediados pela ativação do complexo receptor benzodiazepínico/GABAA e podem estar relacionados com a presença de flavonóides e saponinas.Passiflora alata Curtis (PASSIFLORACEAE) is used in folk medicine and also by pharmaceutical industry, as raw material in phytotherapy, due its tranquilizing properties. The aims of this work were to evaluate, in mice, the central nervous system general activity and the anxiolytic effect of a hydroethanolic extract (70%) (EXT) and two enriched fractions (saponin fraction – SAP – and flavonoid fraction – FLA), obtained from leaves of P. alata and, also, to investigate the GABAA receptor complex involvement on the observed effects. The extract and the fractions were administrated acutely, by oral route, and evaluated on elevated plus maze, barbiturate sleeping time, locomotor activity, rota-rod, and pentilenotetrazole-induced seizures tests. FLA 300 mg/kg and SAP 300 and 900 mg/kg produced an anxiolyticlike effect on elevated plus maze test. FLA (IC50=181,2 μg/mL) and SAP (IC50=23,4 μg/mL) inhibited the [3H]-TBOB binding to rat cerebral sinaptosomal membranes added of GABA (0,3 μM), which is an indicative of a positive modulation of the chloride channel activated by GABA, but this effect is not mediated by the benzodiazepine binding site, once these fractions in concentrations up to 300 μg/mL did not displaced the [3H]-flunitrazepam. The hidroethanolic extract (EXT) showed anxiolytic-like effect (300 mg/kg) on elevated plus maze test which was prevented by flumazenil (6 mg/kg, i.p.). However, in concentrations up to 1000 μg/mL this extract showed no potency in displacing the [3H]-flunitrazepam binding, indicating that the anxiolytic-like effect is mediated by activation of benzodiazepine binding site, but not by a direct interaction of the compounds presented in this extract at this site. At 600 mg/kg this extract did not show anxiolytic effect but it decreased the motor activity, pointing to a sedative effect. EXT 300 and 600 mg/kg and FLA 300 mg/kg increased the barbiturate sleeping time while SAP (300-900 mg/kg) presented no effects in this test. Taken account of these results, P. alata presented anxiolytic and hypnoticsedative effects in mice. These effects may be mediated by the activation of benzodiazepine/GABAergic complex, and can be related to the presence of both flavonoids and saponins.
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Silva, Janilson Avelino da. "Eeitos da suplementação da passiflora incarnata L. sobre a ansiedade em humanos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7537.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and economically costly in the context of mental disorders, yet they are among the most commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Anxiety in its "natural" way, is considered as a normal emotional reaction in people's lives, serving as protective action, while in his pathological presentation, is characterized by a feeling of persistent concern that hinders the ability of the individual relax . This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single dose and multiple doses (500 mg) of the encapsulated dry extract of the whole plant Passiflora incarnata L. on anxiety in humans. The study is characterized as clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Placebo or Experimental, n = 30, single dose and placebo or experimental, n = 15, multiple doses. The experimental human anxiety was induced by simulated public speaking test in the following phases: Basal (B), stressful (A), speech 1 (S1), speech 2 (S2) and Final (F); evaluated by through physiological measurements (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, Electrical skin conductance and extremities temperature and psychological (State-trait anxiety inventory). In the design of single administration, the physiological and psychological parameters were compared between the placebo and experimental groups by test t (Student) or nonparametric corresponding (Mann-Whitney U). Between phases of each group for these same parameters we used the repeated measures ANOVA of a factor, with post hoc Bonferroni or nonparametric corresponding (Friedman ANOVA) with post hoc Dunn's. We adopted the significance level of 5% (P <0.05). During the single administration in relation to physiological parameters HR was increased in stressful phase (78 ± 3.0 bpm) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (68 ± 3.0 bpm) (p <0.05), however decreased throughout the speech (92 ± 3.0 to 80 ± 2.0 bpm and 86 ± 2.2 to 74 ± 3.0 bpm, S1 and S2, respectively) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (p <0.05); psychological measures have not changed. In the design of multiple doses, SBP was reduced in mmHg, in the experimental group compared to the placebo group during all phases. Experimental: 106 ± 1.0 (B) 111 ± 1.0 (A) 121 ± 2.0 (S1) 115 ± 3 (S2) 104 ± 2.0 (F) and Placebo: 121 ± 3 0; 127 ± 3.0; 130 ± 3.0; 130 ± 4.5; 117 ± 3.0 (p <0.05). Between phases in the experimental group there was a reduction in TE in phase F (29.7 ± 0.7 ° C) in relation to the phases A (30.5 ± 0.5 ° C) and S1 (30.6 ± 0 6 ° C). In the experimental group there was a reduction of STAI scores during the second part of speech (42 (39-44 points)) and phase F (41 (40-45 points)) in relation to the baseline phase (45 (42-48 points )). It is suggested that supplementation using Passiflora incarnata L. capsules (500 mg) cardiovascular signals decreased in both single dose and multiple doses, associated with the stress of public speaking.
Os transtornos da ansiedade são os mais prevalentes e economicamente dispendiosos no âmbito dos transtornos mentais, contudo estão entre os mais comumente subdiagnosticados e subtratados. A ansiedade, em sua forma ―natural‖, é considerada como uma reação emocional normal na vida das pessoas, servindo como ação protetora, enquanto que, em sua apresentação patológica, é caracterizada por um sentimento de preocupação persistente que dificulta a capacidade do indivíduo relaxar. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de uma única dose e de doses múltiplas (500 mg) do extrato seco encapsulado da planta inteira da Passiflora incarnata L. sobre a ansiedade em humanos. O estudo se caracteriza como sendo ensaio clínico, randômico, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado. Os sujeitos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos a um dos seguintes grupos: Placebo ou Experimental, n =30, única administração, bem como Placebo ou Experimental, n =15, doses múltiplas. A ansiedade humana experimental foi induzida pelo Teste de Simulação de Falar em Público (TSFP) sob as fases: Basal (B), Estressora (A), Discurso 1(S1), Discurso 2(S2) e Final (F) e avaliada por meio de medidas fisiológicas (Pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, Frequência Cardíaca, Condutância Elétrica da Pele e Temperatura das Extremidades) e psicológicas (Inventário de ansiedade Traço-Estado). No delineamento de única administração, os parâmetros fisiológicos e psicológicos foram comparados entre os grupos Placebo e Experimental pelo teste t (Student) ou correspondente não-paramétrico (U Mann-Whitney). Entre as fases de cada grupo para esses mesmos parâmetros foi utilizado o ANOVA de medidas repetidas de um fator, com post hoc de Bonferroni ou correspondente não-paramétrico (ANOVA de Friedman), com post hoc de Dunn’s. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (P<0,05). Durante a única administração, em relação aos parâmetros fisiológicos a FC foi aumentada na fase Estressora (78±3,0 bpm) do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo (68±3,0 bpm) (p<0,05), entretanto apresentou redução durante todo o discurso (92±3,0 para 80±2,0 bpm e 86±2,2 para 74±3,0 bpm, S1 e S2, respectivamente) no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo (p<0,05); as medidas psicológicas não sofreram alterações. No delineamento de múltiplas doses, a PAS foi reduzida, em mmHg, no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo durante todas as fases. Experimental: 106±1,0 (B), 111±1,0 (A), 121±2,0 (S1), 115±3 (S2), 104±2,0 (F) e Placebo: 121±3,0; 127±3,0; 130±3,0; 130±4,5; 117±3,0 (p<0,05). Entre as fases, no grupo experimental houve uma redução da TE na fase F (29,7±0,7°C) em relação às fases A (30,5±0,5°C) e S1 (30,6±0,6°C). No grupo experimental houve uma redução dos escores do IDATE durante a segunda parte do discurso (42 (39-44 pontos)) e na fase F (41(40-45 pontos)) em relação à fase Basal (45(42-48 pontos)). Sugere-se que a suplementação utilizando cápsulas da Passiflora incarnata L. (500 mg) diminuiu os sinais cardiovasculares, tanto em dose única como em doses múltiplas, associados ao estresse de falar em público.
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Silva, Janilson Avelino da Silva. "Efeitos da suplementação da passiflora incaranata l. sobre a ansiedade em humanos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8833.
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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and economically costly in the context of mental disorders, yet they are among the most commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Anxiety in its "natural" way, is considered as a normal emotional reaction in people's lives, serving as protective action, while in his pathological presentation, is characterized by a feeling of persistent concern that hinders the ability of the individual relax . This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single dose and multiple doses (500 mg) of the encapsulated dry extract of the whole plant Passiflora incarnata L. on anxiety in humans. The study is characterized as clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Placebo or Experimental, n = 30, single dose and placebo or experimental, n = 15, multiple doses. The experimental human anxiety was induced by simulated public speaking test in the following phases: Basal (B), stressful (A), speech 1 (S1), speech 2 (S2) and Final (F); evaluated by through physiological measurements (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, Electrical skin conductance and extremities temperature and psychological (State-trait anxiety inventory). In the design of single administration, the physiological and psychological parameters were compared between the placebo and experimental groups by test t (Student) or nonparametric corresponding (Mann-Whitney U). Between phases of each group for these same parameters we used the repeated measures ANOVA of a factor, with post hoc Bonferroni or nonparametric corresponding (Friedman ANOVA) with post hoc Dunn's. We adopted the significance level of 5% (P <0.05). During the single administration in relation to physiological parameters HR was increased in stressful phase (78 ± 3.0 bpm) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (68 ± 3.0 bpm) (p <0.05), however decreased throughout the speech (92 ± 3.0 to 80 ± 2.0 bpm and 86 ± 2.2 to 74 ± 3.0 bpm, S1 and S2, respectively) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (p <0.05); 10 psychological measures have not changed. In the design of multiple doses, SBP was reduced in mmHg, in the experimental group compared to the placebo group during all phases. Experimental: 106 ± 1.0 (B) 111 ± 1.0 (A) 121 ± 2.0 (S1) 115 ± 3 (S2) 104 ± 2.0 (F) and Placebo: 121 ± 3 0; 127 ± 3.0; 130 ± 3.0; 130 ± 4.5; 117 ± 3.0 (p <0.05). Between phases in the experimental group there was a reduction in TE in phase F (29.7 ± 0.7 ° C) in relation to the phases A (30.5 ± 0.5 ° C) and S1 (30.6 ± 0 6 ° C). In the experimental group there was a reduction of STAI scores during the second part of speech (42 (39-44 points)) and phase F (41 (40-45 points)) in relation to the baseline phase (45 (42-48 points )). It is suggested that supplementation using Passiflora incarnata L. capsules (500 mg) cardiovascular signals decreased in both single dose and multiple doses, associated with the stress of public speaking.
Os transtornos da ansiedade são os mais prevalentes e economicamente dispendiosos no âmbito dos transtornos mentais, contudo estão entre os mais comumente subdiagnosticados e subtratados. A ansiedade, em sua forma ―natural‖, é considerada como uma reação emocional normal na vida das pessoas, servindo como ação protetora, enquanto que, em sua apresentação patológica, é caracterizada por um sentimento de preocupação persistente que dificulta a capacidade do indivíduo relaxar. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de uma única dose e de doses múltiplas (500 mg) do extrato seco encapsulado da planta inteira da Passiflora incarnata L. sobre a ansiedade em humanos. O estudo se caracteriza como sendo ensaio clínico, randômico, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado. Os sujeitos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos a um dos seguintes grupos: Placebo ou Experimental, n =30, única administração, bem como Placebo ou Experimental, n =15, doses múltiplas. A ansiedade humana experimental foi induzida pelo Teste de Simulação de Falar em Público (TSFP) sob as fases: Basal (B), Estressora (A), Discurso 1(S1), Discurso 2(S2) e Final (F) e avaliada por meio de medidas fisiológicas (Pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, Frequência Cardíaca, Condutância Elétrica da Pele e Temperatura das Extremidades) e psicológicas (Inventário de ansiedade Traço-Estado). No delineamento de única administração, os parâmetros fisiológicos e psicológicos foram comparados entre os grupos Placebo e Experimental pelo teste t (Student) ou correspondente não-paramétrico (U Mann-Whitney). Entre as fases de cada grupo para esses mesmos parâmetros foi utilizado o ANOVA de medidas repetidas de um fator, com post hoc de Bonferroni ou correspondente não-paramétrico (ANOVA de Friedman), com post hoc de Dunn’s. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (P<0,05). Durante a única administração, em relação aos parâmetros fisiológicos a FC foi aumentada na fase Estressora (78±3,0 bpm) do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo (68±3,0 bpm) (p<0,05), entretanto apresentou redução durante todo 8 o discurso (92±3,0 para 80±2,0 bpm e 86±2,2 para 74±3,0 bpm, S1 e S2, respectivamente) no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo (p<0,05); as medidas psicológicas não sofreram alterações. No delineamento de múltiplas doses, a PAS foi reduzida, em mmHg, no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo placebo durante todas as fases. Experimental: 106±1,0 (B), 111±1,0 (A), 121±2,0 (S1), 115±3 (S2), 104±2,0 (F) e Placebo: 121±3,0; 127±3,0; 130±3,0; 130±4,5; 117±3,0 (p<0,05). Entre as fases, no grupo experimental houve uma redução da TE na fase F (29,7±0,7°C) em relação às fases A (30,5±0,5°C) e S1 (30,6±0,6°C). No grupo experimental houve uma redução dos escores do IDATE durante a segunda parte do discurso (42 (39-44 pontos)) e na fase F (41(40-45 pontos)) em relação à fase Basal (45(42-48 pontos)). Sugere-se que a suplementação utilizando cápsulas da Passiflora incarnata L. (500 mg) diminuiu os sinais cardiovasculares, tanto em dose única como em doses múltiplas, associados ao estresse de falar em público.
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Shimizu, Tomoko. "Effect of electrical stimulation of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortices on anxiolytic-like behavior of rats during the elevated plus-maze test, with particular reference to multiunit recording of the behavior-associated neural activity." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235988.
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Rodrigues, Sheyla Alves. "Efeito ansiolítico do extrato etanólico de Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera, Asteraceae, em modelos comportamentais." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3274.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorPluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera, Asteraceae, popularly known as quitoco, arnica, yerba lucera. Its stem and leaves are used in infusion to treat body pain, inflammation, nervous dyspepsia and hysteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the ethanol extract of leaves of P. sagittalis by checking the pharmacological potential of this extract, in particular on anxiety. The plant was collected in neighborhood Japãozinho, Aracaju - SE. The selected leaves were dried at 40 ° C with circulating air, ground and subjected to extraction with ethanol PA, soxleht. The extract was fractionated by column chromatography and analyzed by HPLC. The ethanol extract and fractions: aqueous, ethanol and acetone obtained were subjected to phytochemical screening and behavior pharmacological screening at a dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. The motor activity of animals was found in the Open Field and Rota Rod test. The potential sedative hypnotic activity was evaluated in Barbiturate Induced Sleeping Time test. The anxiolytic activity was evaluated in Elevated Plus Maze test and Anticonvulsivant-induced for Pentilenotetrazol. In phytochemical analysis identified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids, was isolated a sesquiterpene. Pharmacological behavioral screening showed the potential depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS) of all samples tested. In the Open Field, it was found that animals treated with a dose of 200 mg of crude ethanolic extract showed an increase in the number of walks and time shifting, with no observed change in motor coordination or muscle relaxation in Rota Rod doses 100 and 200 mg/kg proved to be inducing and potentiating barbiturate-induced sleep. The anxiolytic action was observed at a dose of 200 mg / kg in the labyrinth crux high. In addition to the protective effect against seizures induced by ptentilenotetrazol, doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of P. sagittalis presents anxiolytic action, with the possible participation of terpenes in this effect.
Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera, Asteraceae, é conhecida popularmente como quitoco, arnica ou erva lucera. Seu caule e folhas são utilizados em infusão para tratamento de dores corporais, inflamação, dispepsias nervosas e histerismo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar e identificar os constituintes químicos do extrato etanólico das folhas de P. sagittalis, verificando o potencial farmacológico desse extrato, em especial, sobre a ansiedade. A planta foi coletada no Bairro Japãozinho, Aracaju SE. As folhas selecionadas foram secas em estufa a 40ºC, com circulação de ar, trituradas e submetidas à extração com etanol P.A., em soxleht. O extrato obtido foi fracionado por cromatografia em coluna e analisados em HPLC. O extrato etanólico e frações: aquosa, etanólica e acetônica obtidas, foram submetidas ao screening fitoquímico e a triagem farmacológica comportamental, na dose de 100 mg/kg, v.o. A atividade motora dos animais foi observada nos testes Open Field e Rota Rod. O efeito hipnótico/sedativo foi avaliado no teste Tempo de Sono Induzido por Barbitúrico e a atividade ansiolítica verificada no teste de Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Anticonvulsivante induzido por Pentilenotetrazol. Nas análises fitoquímicas identificou-se a presença de fenóis, flavonóides, terpenos e esteróides, sendo isolado um sesquiterpeno. Na triagem farmacológica comportamental observou-se o potencial efeito depressor do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) de todas as amostras testadas. No Open Field, verificou-se que os animais tratados com a dose de 200mg/Kg do extrato etanólico bruto apresentaram aumento no número de quadrantes e tempo de deslocamento, não sendo observada alteração na coordenação motora ou relaxamento muscular no Rota Rod. As doses de 100 e 200 mg/Kg demonstraram-se indutoras e potencializadoras do sono induzido por barbitúrico. A ação ansiolítica foi observada na dose de 200 mg/Kg no labirinto em cruz elevado. Além do efeito protetor contra convulsões induzidas por ptentilenotetrazol, das doses de 100 e 200 mg/Kg. Conclui-se que o extrato etanólica de P. sagittalis ação ansiolítica, sendo possível a participação de terpenos nesse efeito.
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George, Sophie A. "A pharmacological investigation of associative learning : the effect of ''anxiolytic'' -like drugs that modulate GABAa, NMDA and Group I mGIuRs on the expression of conditioned behaviours." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444022.
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FÃlix, Francisca Helvira Cavalcante. "InvestigaÃÃo da aÃÃo central do carvacrol em modelos de ansiedade, depressÃo e convulsÃo em camundongos e possÃveis mecanismos farmacolÃgicos envolvidos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4434.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorCarvacrol (5-Isopropil-2-metilfenol) Ã um monoterpeno fenÃlico presente nos Ãleos essenciais de diversas plantas. Ã o principal constituinte dos Ãleos essenciais de orÃgano e thyme. Este trabalho apresenta as aÃÃes comportamentais do carvacrol em modelos animais de ansiedade, depressÃo, sedaÃÃo e convulsÃo, tais como labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), campo aberto, rota rod, tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital, convulsÃo induzida por pentilenotetrazol, nado forÃado e suspensÃo da cauda. Carvacrol (CVC) foi administrado oralmente, em camundongos machos, em doses Ãnicas de 12,5; 25 e 50 mg/kg. Os resultados mostraram que o CVC, nas trÃs doses estudadas, nÃo alterou a atividade motora no teste do rota rod nem o nÃmero de cruzamentos no teste do campo aberto. Entretanto, CVC diminuiu o nÃmero de grooming no teste do campo aberto. No LCE, CVC nas doses estudadas aumentou todos os parÃmetros observados, sugerindo um possÃvel efeito ansiolÃtico. O flumazenil, um antagonista dos receptores GABAA/BenzodiazepÃnico, foi capaz de reverter esse efeito. CVC nÃo alterou a latÃncia de sono e a duraÃÃo do sono no teste do tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital. CVC tambÃm apresenta um efeito antidepressivo, pois o tratamento agudo desta substÃncia diminuiu o tempo de imobilidade nos testes do nado forÃado e da suspensÃo da cauda, sem apresentar mudanÃas da ambulaÃÃo no teste do campo aberto. Este efeito do CVC (25 mg/kg) nÃo foi revertido pelo prÃ-tratamento dos animais com p-clorofenilalanina (PCPA, um inibidor da sÃntese de serotonina), prasozina (um antagonista dos receptores α1-adrenÃrgicos) e ioimbina (um antagonista dos receptores α2-adrenÃrgicos). Em contrapartida, o prÃ-tratamento dos animais com SCH23390 (um antagonista dos receptors D1-dopaminÃrgicos) ou sulpirida (um antagonista dos receptors D2-dopaminÃrgicos) reverteu completamente o efeito antidepressivo do CVC (25 mg/kg) no teste do nado forÃado. No teste da convulsÃo induzida por pentilenotetrazol, CVC nÃo foi capaz de proteger os animais das convulsÃes ou diminuir a latÃncia de morte. Os dados obtidos sugerem que o CVC apresenta efeitos ansiolÃticos, provavelmente relacionados com o sistema GABAÃrgico e efeitos antidepressivos, que parecem depender da sua interaÃÃo com o sistema dopaminÃrgico, mas nÃo com os sistemas serotonÃrgico e noradrenÃrgico.
Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) is a monoterpenic phenol present in the essencial oil of many plants. It is the major component of the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme. This work presents the behavioral effects of carvacrol in animal models of anxiety, depression, sedation and convulsion, such as, elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, rota rod, barbiturate-induced sleeping time, pentilenetetrazole-induced seizures, forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Carvacrol (CVC) was administered orally, to male mice, at single doses of 12.5; 25 and 50 mg/kg. The results showed that CVC had no effect on the spontaneous motor activity in the rota rod test nor in the number of squares crossed in the open field test. However, CVC decreased the number of groomings in the open field test. In the plus maze test, CVC increased all the observed parameters in the EPM test, suggesting a possible anxiolytic effect. Flumazenil, an antagonist of GABAA/Benzodiazepinic receptors, was able to reverse these effects of CVC. Therefore, CVC did not alter the sleep latency and sleeping time in the barbiturate-induced sleeping time test. CVC also presented an antidepressant activity since that the acute treatment of this substance decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests without accompanying changes in ambulation in the open-field test. The anti-immobility effect of CVC (25 mg/kg) was not prevented by pre-treatment of mice with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis), prazosin (an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist) and yohimbine (α2-adrenoceptor antagonist). On the other hand, the pre-treatment of mice with SCH23390 (a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist) or sulpiride (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist) completely blocked the antidepressant-like effect of CVC (25 mg/kg) in the forced swimming test. In the pentilenetetrazole induced seizures test CVC was not able to protect the animals from seizures nor increase the death time. The data suggest that CVC presents anxiolytic effects, probably related with GABAergic system and antidepressant effects that seems to be dependent on its interaction with the dopaminergic system, but not with the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems.
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Maior, Flávia Negromonte Souto. "Atividade ansiolítica e antinociceptiva do óxido de linalol em modelos animais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6705.
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Linalool oxide (OXL) is a monoterpene, monocyclic alcohol, which has pleasant odor and can be found in essential oils of some aromatic plants. It can also be obtained from linalool by natural oxidation or synthetic processes. The lack of research on possible pharmacological activities of OXL encouraged this work that had as main objective the assessment of anxiolytic-like and antinociceptive-like activities of OXL on male Swiss mice. Initially was investigated the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of OXL in order to establish safe doses and concentrations for subsequent tests. The OXL was used in the experiments at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) and at concentrations of 0.65%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5.0% by inhalation (INH). In order to investigate the profile of action of this monoterpene on central nervous system, general tests such as behavior pharmacological screening and rotarod test were performed. During the screening, analgesia was the main effect observed in animals treated with OXL i.p. or by INH route. Inhaled OXL also increases rearing and climbing behavior in animals. In rotarod test OXL i.p. or INH caused no motor impairments in mice. In specific tests, inhaled OXL presented a profile of anxiolytic drug by increasing the time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze and increasing the time spent in the brightly-lit chamber of the light/dark box. The standard drug used in these animal models of anxiety was diazepam. OXL i.p. showed a profile of antinociceptive drug, decreasing the number of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and decreasing the time spent by the animals licking the injected paw in both observation phases of the formalin test. In these tests, morphine was used as standard drug. Pharmacological tools such as naloxone, atropine, sulpiride and caffeine were used to attempt elucidate the mechanism involved in the antinociceptive effect of OXL. Sulpiride and naloxone reversed this antinociceptive effect in the first phase of the formalin test, and caffeine in both phases, suggesting the involvement of opioid, dopaminergic and adenosinic transmissions in the antinociceptive action. The development of this thesis has presented preliminary findings of OXL psychopharmacological activity. Further investigations with this monoterpene can lead to the future development of a new drug or molecule with greater potency and selectivity.
O óxido de linalol (OXL) é um monoterpeno, álcool monocíclico, de odor agradável, que pode ser encontrado em óleos essenciais de algumas plantas aromáticas. Pode também ser obtido, a partir do linalol, por oxidação natural ou processos sintéticos. A ausência de pesquisas sobre as possíveis atividades farmacológicas do OXL incentivou à realização deste traballho, que teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade ansiolítica e antinociceptiva do OXL em camundongos Swiss machos. Inicialmente, foi realizada a pesquisa da dose letal 50 (DL50) do OXL, no intuito de estabelecer doses e concentrações relativamente seguras para os testes subsequentes. O OXL foi utilizado nos experimentos nas doses de 50, 100 e 150 mg/kg, pela via intraperitoneal (i.p.) e nas concentrações de 0,65%, 1,25%, 2,5% e 5,0%, pela via inalatória (v.i.). Para investigar o perfil de ação deste monoterpeno no sistema nervoso central foram realizados testes gerais como triagem farmacológica comportamental e teste da barra giratória. Durante a triagem, a analgesia foi o principal efeito observado nos animais tratados com OXL i.p. e v.i. Houve também aumento nos comportamentos de levantar e escalar nos animais que inalaram OXL. No teste da barra giratória foi observado que o OXL i.p. e v.i. não causou prejuízos à coordenação motora dos animais. Durante a realização de testes específicos, o OXL v.i., apresentou um perfil de droga ansiolítica, aumentando o tempo de permanência dos animais nos braços abertos do labirinto em cruz elevado e no compartimento iluminado do aparelho de claro-escuro. A droga padrão utilizada nesses modelos animais de ansiedade foi o diazepam. O OXL i.p. apresentou um perfil de droga antinociceptiva, diminuindo o número de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético e o tempo de lambida da pata dos animais, nas duas fases de observação do teste da formalina. Nestes testes, a morfina foi usada como droga padrão. Para tentar elucidar o mecanismo envolvido no efeito antinociceptivo do OXL foram usadas ferramentas farmacológicas como naloxona, atropina, sulpirida e cafeína. O efeito antinociceptivo do OXL foi revertido pela naloxona e sulpirida na primeira fase do teste da formalina, e pela cafeína, em ambas as fases, sugerido o envolvimento de transmissão opióde, dopaminérgica e adenosínica na ação antinociceptiva. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho apresentou descobertas preliminares de atividades psicofarmacológicas do OXL. Outras investigações com este monoterpeno podem levar, no futuro, ao desenvolvimento de um novo medicamento ou nova molécula com maior potência e seletividade.
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Galdino, Pablinny Moreira. "Avaliação da atividade tipo ansiolítica do óleo essencial das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil. - possível mecanismo envolvido." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4301.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A ansiedade está entre as patologias crônicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. Em Brasília (capital federal do Brasil) os transtornos de ansiedade afetam 12,1 % da população, sendo o diagnóstico psiquiátrico mais prevalente. Desde a introdução dos benzodiazepínicos na década de 60, eles têm sido os fármacos mais prescritos no tratamento da ansiedade, porém seus efeitos colaterais são proeminentes, tais como sedação, miorelaxamento, ataxia, amnésia e dependência farmacológica. Sendo assim, novas terapias são necessárias no tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade e o estudo com plantas medicinais pode prover novas opções terapêuticas. A Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hillaire (Rutaceae), popularmente conhecida como manacá, é um arbusto encontrado em região de Cerrado utilizado na medicina popular para tratar doenças renais, hepáticas, dores de estômago e cabeça, e reumatismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as atividades farmacológicas do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de S. odoratissima (OEM) no sistema nervoso central, em camundongos, direcionando para o estudo do efeito tipo ansiolítico e possíveis mecanismos envolvidos. O OEM aumentou o número de cruzamentos e o tempo de permanência no centro do campo aberto sem alterar o número total de áreas cruzadas neste teste e o desempenho no teste da barra giratória. No teste do sono induzido por pentobarbital, o OEM reduziu a latência e aumentou o tempo de sono. Nos modelos experimentais de ansiedade, o OEM aumentou o número de comportamentos de mergulhos no teste da placa perfurada, as entradas e o tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Além de aumentar também o número de transições e o tempo de permanência no compartimento claro no teste da caixa claro/escuro (CCE). Foi investigado o mecanismo de ação deste efeito tipo ansiolítico através do pré-tratamento com um antagonista benzodiazepínico (flumazenil) ou um antagonista de receptor 5- HT1A (NAN-190) nos testes de LCE e CCE. O efeito tipo ansiolítico do OEM foi antagonizado apenas pelo pré-tratamento com o NAN-190. Em conclusão, estes resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de S. odoratissima possui efeito tipo ansiolítico sem alterar os parâmetros locomotores, sendo esse efeito mediado via receptor 5HT1A, mas não via sítio benzodiazepínico do receptor GABAA.
A ansiedade está entre as patologias crônicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. Em Brasília (capital federal do Brasil) os transtornos de ansiedade afetam 12,1 % da população, sendo o diagnóstico psiquiátrico mais prevalente. Desde a introdução dos benzodiazepínicos na década de 60, eles têm sido os fármacos mais prescritos no tratamento da ansiedade, porém seus efeitos colaterais são proeminentes, tais como sedação, miorelaxamento, ataxia, amnésia e dependência farmacológica. Sendo assim, novas terapias são necessárias no tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade e o estudo com plantas medicinais pode prover novas opções terapêuticas. A Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hillaire (Rutaceae), popularmente conhecida como manacá, é um arbusto encontrado em região de Cerrado utilizado na medicina popular para tratar doenças renais, hepáticas, dores de estômago e cabeça, e reumatismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as atividades farmacológicas do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de S. odoratissima (OEM) no sistema nervoso central, em camundongos, direcionando para o estudo do efeito tipo ansiolítico e possíveis mecanismos envolvidos. O OEM aumentou o número de cruzamentos e o tempo de permanência no centro do campo aberto sem alterar o número total de áreas cruzadas neste teste e o desempenho no teste da barra giratória. No teste do sono induzido por pentobarbital, o OEM reduziu a latência e aumentou o tempo de sono. Nos modelos experimentais de ansiedade, o OEM aumentou o número de comportamentos de mergulhos no teste da placa perfurada, as entradas e o tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Além de aumentar também o número de transições e o tempo de permanência no compartimento claro no teste da caixa claro/escuro (CCE). Foi investigado o mecanismo de ação deste efeito tipo ansiolítico através do pré-tratamento com um antagonista benzodiazepínico (flumazenil) ou um antagonista de receptor 5- HT1A (NAN-190) nos testes de LCE e CCE. O efeito tipo ansiolítico do OEM foi antagonizado apenas pelo pré-tratamento com o NAN-190. Em conclusão, estes resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de S. odoratissima possui efeito tipo ansiolítico sem alterar os parâmetros locomotores, sendo esse efeito mediado via receptor 5HT1A, mas não via sítio benzodiazepínico do receptor GABAA.