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Journal articles on the topic 'Anxiolytics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Zwas, Donna R., Andre Keren, Offer Amir, and Israel Gotsman. "Treatment of Heart Failure Patients with Anxiolytics Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes, with and without Depression." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123967.

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Background: Few studies have evaluated the effect of pharmacologic treatment of anxiety on outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. This study examined the impact of treatment with anxiolytics on clinical outcomes in a real-world sample of HF patients with and without depression. Methods: Patients diagnosed with HF were retrieved from a large HMO database. Patients prescribed anxiolytic medication and patients diagnosed with depression and/or prescribed anti-depressant medication were followed for cardiac-related hospitalizations and death. Results: The study cohort included 6293 HF patients. Treatment with anxiolytics was associated with decreased one-year survival compared to untreated individuals, with a greater reduction in survival seen in patients diagnosed with depression and/or treated with anti-depressants. Multi-variable analysis adjusting for age, sex, NYHA class, cardiac risk factors and laboratory parameters found that treatment with anxiolytics remained a predictor of mortality even when adjusting for depression. Depression combined with anxiolytic treatment was predictive of increased mortality, and treatment with anxiolytics alone, depression alone and anxiolytic treatment together with depression were each associated with an increased hazard ratio for a composite outcome of death and hospitalization. Conclusions: In this real-world study of HF patients, both treatment with anxiolytics and depression were associated with increased mortality, and anxiolytic therapy remained a predictor of mortality when adjusting for depression. Treatment of anxiety together with depression was associated with the highest risk of mortality. Safe and effective treatment for anxiety and depression is warranted to alleviate the detrimental impact of these disorders on quality and of life and adverse events.

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2

Mahmoud, Jahangir. "Clinical pharmacology of anxiolytics." Psychology and Mental Health Care 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/022.

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It is increasingly difficult to define what an anxiolytic is, since anxiety is multiple although many symptoms are common. On the other hand the most used drugs in different forms of anxiety were first used as antidepressants. This article tries to put together the different effective anxiolytics used and describe their pharmacology.

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3

Colman, Ian, Tim J. Croudace, Michael E. J. Wadsworth, Diana Kuh, and Peter B. Jones. "Psychiatric outcomes 10 years after treatment with antidepressants or anxiolytics." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 4 (October 2008): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.043430.

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BackgroundAntidepressants and anxiolytics have demonstrated short-term efficacy; however, little is known about the long-term effectiveness of these drugs.AimsTo investigate long-term psychiatric outcomes following antidepressant and/or anxiolytic use during an episode of mental disorder in mid-life.MethodMembers of the 1946 British birth cohort were assessed for symptoms of depression and anxiety at age 43. Among 157 with mental disorder, those using antidepressants and/or anxiolytics were compared with those not using medications on psychiatric outcomes at age 53.ResultsUse of antidepressants or anxiolytics was associated with a lower prevalence of mental disorder at age 53 (odds ratio (OR)=0.3, 95% CI 0.1–1.0) after adjustment for eight variables in a propensity-for-treatment analysis. Only 24% of those being treated with medications at age 43 were still using them at 53.ConclusionsUse of antidepressants or anxiolytics during an episode of mental disorder may have long-term beneficial effects on mental health. This may be because of a demonstrated willingness to seek help rather than long-term maintenance therapy.

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4

Usher, Kim, Lawrence H. Brown, Petra Buettner, Beverley Glass, Helen Boon, Caryn West, Joseph Grasso, Jennifer Chamberlain-Salaun, and Cindy Woods. "Rate of Prescription of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 6 (September 25, 2012): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001392.

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AbstractIntroductionThe need to manage psychological symptoms after disasters can result in an increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants and anxiolytics. Therefore, an increase in the prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics could be an indicator of general psychological distress in the community.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if there was a change in the rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs following Cyclone Yasi.MethodsA quantitative evaluation of new prescriptions of antidepressants and anxiolytics was conducted. The total number of new prescriptions for these drugs was calculated for the period six months after the cyclone and compared with the same six month period in the preceding year. Two control drugs were also included to rule out changes in the general rate of drug prescription in the affected communities.ResultsAfter Cyclone Yasi, there was an increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs across all age and gender groups in the affected communities except for males 14-54 years of age. The prescription of anxiolytic drugs decreased immediately after the cyclone, but increased by the end of the six-month post-cyclone period. Control drug prescription did not change.ConclusionThere was a quantifiable increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs following Cyclone Yasi that may indicate an increase in psychosocial distress in the community.UsherK, BrownLH, BuettnerP, GlassB, BoonH, WestC, GrassoJ, Chamberlain-SalaunJ, WoodsC. Rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-5.

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Alanen, Hanna-Mari, Anneli Pitkänen, Kirsti Suontaka-Jamalainen, Olli Kampman, and Esa Leinonen. "Acute Psychogeriatric Inpatient Treatment Improves Neuropsychiatric Symptoms but Impairs the Level of Functioning in Patients with Dementia." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 40, no. 5-6 (2015): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000431087.

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Aims: To explore the impact of hospitalization on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the level of functioning in patients with dementia. Our aim was also to study the influence of psychotropic medications. Methods: Behavioral disturbances, cognition and functional status of 89 patients were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCSADL). Results: The total NPI score decreased from 34.6 to 19.5 (p < 0.001), and ADL decreased from 32.2 to 21.7 (p < 0.001) during the hospital stay (mean of 44 days). For a change in ADL, only the effect of anxiolytics was significant (p = 0.045). For a change in NPI with antipsychotic and anxiolytic doses and Mini-Mental State Examination as covariates, no significant relationship was found. Conclusion: NPS improved significantly during hospitalization, but neither antipsychotic nor anxiolytic medication use explained this improvement. In patients using anxiolytics, the functional decline was substantial. These results do not support anxiolytic use in demented patients with NPS.

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6

&NA;. "Anxiolytics." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1326 (November 2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013260-00026.

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7

Sinclair, Lindsey, and David Nutt. "Anxiolytics." Psychiatry 6, no. 7 (July 2007): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.04.007.

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8

&NA;. "ANXIOLYTICS." Shock 15, no. 6 (June 2001): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200115060-00013.

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9

BARRETT, J. E. "ANXIOLYTICS." Behavioural Pharmacology 3, Supplement (April 1992): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199204001-00021.

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10

Taylor, Claire, and David Nutt. "Anxiolytics." Psychiatry 3, no. 7 (July 2004): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.3.7.17.42874.

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11

Diniz, Vânia Maria de Carvalho, Bruna Miranda Januário, João Paulo da Silva Teixeira, Manoel José de Lima Neto, José Israel Guerra Junior, and Gabriela Cavalcante da Silva. "Profile of anxiolytic consumption by patients seen in a basic pharmacy." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): e35511124615. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24615.

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Introduction: Mental disorders are more and more frequent. In Brazil, primary care makes possible the population's first encounter with mental care, having medicines as one of the main therapeutic applied resources, which are made available in different ways, including the municipal primary pharmacy. Psychotropic drugs, such as anxiolytics, act on these mental disorders, improving the quality of life and providing freedom to the individual, however, their use irrationally and for a prolonged period of time causes harm to those who use them. Objective: To know the aspects surrounding the consumption of anxiolytic drugs, as well as to identify individual and collective characteristics of the participants that lead to their use. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive research with a quali-quantitative approach, carried out with prescriptions that contained anxiolytics and questionnaires answered by patients treated at the basic pharmacy in the city of Flores - PE. Results: The female gender, age group over 41 years, low education, presence of children and marriage were related to the increase in the use of anxiolytics, in addition, the emergence of effects caused by treatment abandonment, interactions regarding the use of plants or more of a drug with anxiolytics and the errors of gifts in prescriptions had high rates. Conclusion: The delineation of the profile of individuals who use anxiolytics as therapy provides the creation of policies at specific groups in order to reduce the therapy with them, in addition, knowledge of the main errors in prescriptions and the presence of interactions ensures a better treatment success.

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Dutta, Shakti B., Mirza A. Beg, Shalu Bawa, Amanjot Kaur, Subhash Vishal, and Nand Kishore Singh. "Study on drug usage pattern of anxiolytics in psychiatric department in a tertiary care teaching hospital at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172726.

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Background: Psychopharmacology is a rapidly growing field, in which the number of patients is continuously increasing. Newly introduced drugs are projected as the better alternative to the traditional psychiatric medicines. The utilization and consequences on real life effectiveness and safety of antianxiety drugs in actual clinical practice need continuous monitoring. Aim of the present study was to analyze the pattern of various anxiolytic drugs prescribed to the patients in psychiatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The present study was conducted by the department of pharmacology, in the department of psychiatry at SGRRIM and HS, Dehradun, for a period of 6 months from June 2016 to December 2016. Prescriptions of patients diagnosed with anxiety were analysed, using WHO drug use indicators.Results: A total of 603 prescriptions with anxiety disorder were collected. The mean age was 35.46±0.88 years. Majority of the patients were in 31-50 years age group 309 (51.24%). Male:Female ratio was 1:0.69. Disease pattern observed during the study were 177 (29.35%) generalized anxiety disorder, 147 (24.38%) depression, 99 (16.42%) obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 81 (13.43%) psychotic illness, 63 (10.45%) bipolar disorders and 36 (5.97%) patients categorized as others category respectively. A total of 1974 psychotropic drugs were prescribed, 654 (33.13%) antianxiety drugs, 648 (32.83%) antidepressants, 240 (12.16%) antipsychotics, 198 (10.03%) antiepileptics and 234 (11.85%) miscellaneous drugs were prescribed. 552 (91.54%) patients received monotherapy and 51 (8.46%) were given polytherapy of anxiolytics. All (100%) anxiolytics were orally prescribed. A total of 30 fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of anxiolytics were prescribed. The numbers of anxiolytics per prescription were 1.085. The anxiolytics prescribed from National Essential Medicine List 2015 were 555 (84.86%). The percentage of anxiolytics with brand names were 618 (94.5%).Conclusions: Most of the prescriptions were rational but there is a need to encourage prescribing by generic names so that more cost-effective and rational treatment can be provided to the patients.

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Barry, PhD, Declan T., Mehmet Sofuoglu, MD, Robert D. Kerns, PhD, Ilse R. Wiechers, MD, and Robert A. Rosenheck, MD. "Prevalence and correlates of coprescribing anxiolytic medications with extensive prescription opioid use in Veterans Health Administration patients with metastatic cancer." Journal of Opioid Management 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2016.0341.

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Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of concomitant anxiolytic prescription fills in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with metastatic cancer who have extensive prescription opioid use.Design, Setting, and Participants: National VHA data for fiscal year 2012 were used to identify veterans diagnosed with metastatic cancer (ICD-9 codes 196-199) who also had extensive prescription opioid use (at least 10 opioid prescriptions during the year, comprising the highest 29 percent of opioid users). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of receiving anxiolytic medication among veterans with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use.Results: Of the 5,950 veterans with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use, 51 percent also received anxiolytic medication, of whom 64 percent had a medical indication and 85 percent had a psychiatric or medical indication for psychotropics. Of those with extensive prescription opioid use who filled an anxiolytic, 64 percent also received antidepressants and 38 percent received three or more classes of psychotropic medication (ie, polypharmacy). In multivariate analyses, factors associated with receipt of an anxiolytic included any anxiety disorder, insomnia, the prescription of antidepressants or antipsychotics, bipolar disorder, younger age, more emergency department visits, and greater number of opioid prescriptions.Conclusions: VHA patients with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use who are prescribed anxiolytics are likely to have a Food and Drug Administration-approved indication for psychotropics, and anxiolytics in particular, but represent a clinically vulnerable group which merits careful monitoring.

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Horváth, János, Balázs Barkóczi, Géza Müller, and Viktor Szegedi. "Anxious and Nonanxious Mice Show Similar Hippocampal Sensory Evoked Oscillations under Urethane Anesthesia: Difference in the Effect of Buspirone." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/186323.

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Hippocampal oscillations recorded under urethane anesthesia are proposed to be modulated by anxiolytics. All classes of clinically effective anxiolytics were reported to decrease the frequency of urethane theta; however, recent findings raise concerns about the direct correlation of anxiolysis and the frequency of hippocampal theta. Here, we took advantage of our two inbred mouse strains displaying extremes of anxiety (anxious (AX) and nonanxious (nAX)) to compare the properties of hippocampal activity and to test the effect of an anxiolytic drugs. No difference was observed in the peak frequency or in the peak power between AX and nAX strains. Buspirone (Bus) applied in 2.5 mg/kg decreased anxiety of AX but did not have any effect on nAX as was tested by elevated plus maze and open field. Interestingly, Bus treatment increased hippocampal oscillatory frequency in the AX but left it unaltered in nAX mice. Saline injection did not have any effect on the oscillation. Paired-pulse facilitation was enhanced by Bus in the nAX, but not in the AX strain. Collectively, these results do not support the hypothesis that hippocampal activity under urethane may serve as a marker for potential anxiolytic drugs. Moreover, we could not confirm the decrease of frequency after anxiolytic treatment.

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&NA;. "Antipsychotics/anxiolytics." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1264 (August 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912640-00022.

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Ferraiolo, William. "Stoic Anxiolytics." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 25, no. 1 (2011): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap20112519.

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FLEISHER, MARK H. "Antidepressants Anxiolytics." American Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 1 (January 2002): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.166.

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&NA;. "Current anxiolytics." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 719 (January 1990): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007190-00040.

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Pillay, Nirvana S., and Dan J. Stein. "Emerging anxiolytics." Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 12, no. 4 (November 2007): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728214.12.4.541.

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&NA;. "Anxiolytics/antipsychotics." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1392 (March 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201213920-00022.

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21

Negri, G., D. Santi, and R. Tabach. "Flavonol glycosides found in hydroethanolic extracts from Tilia cordata, a species utilized as anxiolytics." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 15, no. 2 (2013): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722013000200008.

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Tilia species, among which is Tilia cordata Mill. (Tiliaceae), have been used in folk medicine as anxiolytic. The hydroethanolic extract was analyzed by using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS in negative ion mode, and its chemical composition was compared to flavonoids reported as anxiolytics. The major flavonoids found were: quercetin-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-O-(6"-p-coumaroyl glucoside) or tiliroside. The anxiolytic activity of the genus Tilia has been attributed to the presence of quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, while the anxiolytic activity of T. americana var. Mexicana was attributed to tiliroside, which was also found among the major constituents of this species.

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Young, Richard, Ann Urbancic, Tracey A. Emrey, Pauliana C. Hall, and Geoffrey Metcalf. "Behavioral effects of several new anxiolytics and putative anxiolytics." European Journal of Pharmacology 143, no. 3 (November 1987): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(87)90460-2.

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23

Lino, Patrícia Azevedo, Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras Martins, Maria Elisa de Souza e. Silva, and Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu. "Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics Prescribed by Dentists in Brazil in 2010." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2841549.

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Objective. To describe dental prescriptions for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics for Brazilian outpatients in 2010. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data on the use of anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics from the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, Brazil, 2010. For each prescription, prescribed drugs and the prescribed amount were identified. Prescribed medications were classified according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. We calculated the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD) for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics by code, their mean DDD, and DDD per inhabitant per year. Results. There were 16,436 prescriptions dispensed, including anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. These prescriptions corresponded to 3,555,780.50 mg, distributed as 2,286,200.50 mg (64.30%) of anxiolytics and 1,269,580.00 mg (35.70%) of sedatives and hypnotics. This amount allowed treating approximately 474,106 individuals (number of DDD). The anxiolytics most frequently dispensed were bromazepam (25.30%), alprazolam (19.19%), and diazepam (15.60%). Sedatives and hypnotics mostly prescribed were zolpidem (9.55%), midazolam (6.99%), and flunitrazepam (2.14%). The per capita rates (100,000 inhabitants) of anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics were 6.83 and 1.78, respectively. Conclusions. Benzodiazepines and derivatives were the most frequently prescribed drugs. There was a low rate of dental prescriptions for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics, although excessive doses were concentrated in the same prescription.

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Xu, Zhiwen, Feng Wang, Shui Tsang, Kwan Ho, Hui Zheng, Chun Yuen, Chun Chow, and Hong Xue. "Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Baicalin and its Additivity with other Anxiolytics." Planta Medica 72, no. 02 (December 2006): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-873193.

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Middleton, H. "Hypnotics and Anxiolytics." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 61, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.61.2.237-b.

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Taylor, James Stacey. "Stoic Anxiolytics Revisited." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 25, no. 1 (2011): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap201125110.

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Werry, John Scott. "Anxiolytics in MRDD." Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 5, no. 4 (1999): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1999)5:4<299::aid-mrdd7>3.0.co;2-v.

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Smith, Adam. "FAAH better anxiolytics?" Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2, no. 2 (February 2003): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1024.

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Pleuvry, Barbara J. "Anxiolytics and hypnotics." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 5, no. 8 (August 2004): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/anes.5.8.252.43294.

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Allain, Hervé, Stéphane Schück, Danièle Bentué-Ferrer, Michel Bourin, Martine Vercelletto, Jean-Michel Reymann, and Elisabeth Polard. "Anxiolytics in the Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007158.

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By definition, anxiolytics are drugs capable of treating anxiety and anxiety related disorders. The precise role of anxiolytics, particularly in comparison with other drug classes (e.g., antipsychotics and antidepressants) and other therapeutic approaches (e.g., psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, and relaxation) in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) needs to be determined. If anxiolytics are used for BPSD, the clinician must decide whether they should be used as an emergency measure, as long-term therapy, or both. Also, whether anxiolytics are useful in treating anxiety and its consequences in both the early and advanced stages of dementia must be considered.

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Mast, R., S. P. Rauh, L. Groeneveld, A. D. Koopman, J. W. J. Beulens, A. P. D. Jansen, M. Bremmer, et al. "The Use of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, and Hypnotics in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Patterns Associated with Use: The Hoorn Diabetes Care System Cohort." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5134602.

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Objective. With depression being present in approximately 20% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we expect equally frequent prescription of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. Nevertheless, prescription data in people with T2DM is missing and the effect of depression on glycaemic control is contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and/or hypnotics use in a large, managed, primary care system cohort of people with T2DM and to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, T2DM medication, and metabolic control associated with its use. Method. The prevalence of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and/or hypnotics use in the years 2007–2012 was assessed in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System Cohort from the Netherlands. Results. From the 7016 people with T2DM, 500 people (7.1%) used antidepressants only, 456 people (6.5%) used anxiolytics and/or hypnotics only, and 254 people (3.6%) used a combination. Conclusion. We conclude that in our managed, primary care system 17% of all people with T2DM used antidepressants, anxiolytics, and/or hypnotics. Users of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and/or hypnotics were more often female, non-Caucasian, lower educated, and more often treated with insulin.

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Firsova, L. D. "Anxiolytics in the Practice of a Gastroenterologist." Effective Pharmacotherapy 16, no. 30 (November 27, 2020): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2020-16-30-82-87.

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Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs) are widely used not only in psychiatry, but also in somatic medicine. The article discusses the range of therapeutic effects of anxiolytics, justifying their widespread use in gastroenterological practice; recommendations for choosing a drug, determining its dose and the duration of the course of treatment are discussed in detail; the drug interaction of anxiolytics with drugs traditionally used in gastroenterology is analyzed

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Estrela, Marta, Maria Teresa Herdeiro, Pedro Lopes Ferreira, and Fátima Roque. "The Use of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics in Europe: Focusing on Mental Health Care in Portugal and Prescribing in Older Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228612.

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(1) Background: Mental disorders are a growing concern in the 21st century. The most prevalent common mental disorders include depression and anxiety. It is predicted that half of the population will at some point in their lives experience one or more mental disorders. Although common mental disorders are highly prevalent, some of the most significant related problems are the wide treatment gap and the excessive use of antidepressants, anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics, especially among older patients. (2) Methods: This study aimed to analyze mental health care in Portugal, with a focus on the consumption of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics among older patients. (3) Results: The use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics has increased overall across Europe. In Portugal, a downward trend of sedatives and hypnotics consumption can be observed. Anxiolytics and antidepressants, on the other hand, have been increasing. Patients aged ≥60 years old consume more than half of the aforementioned drugs. (4) Conclusions: Mental health policies should be designed to improve the conscientious use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, particularly among older adults.

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&NA;. "New targets for anxiolytics." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1387 (May 2003): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200313870-00001.

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Sieghart, Werner. "Anxioselective anxiolytics: additional perspective." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 34, no. 3 (March 2013): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.01.005.

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Outhoff, K. "The pharmacology of anxiolytics." South African Family Practice 55, no. 3 (May 2013): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2013.10874339.

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Absalom, Anthony, and Ram Adapa. "Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 2007): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2007.05.003.

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Heeremans, Eleonora, and Anthony Absalom. "Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 11, no. 8 (August 2010): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2010.04.017.

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Meerts, Caroline, and Anthony Absalom. "Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 14, no. 8 (August 2013): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2013.05.002.

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Barends, Clemens, and Anthony Absalom. "Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 17, no. 8 (August 2016): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2016.05.002.

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Alramadhan, Elham, Mirna S. Hanna, Mena S. Hanna, Todd G. Goldstein, Samantha M. Avila, and Benjamin S. Weeks. "Dietary and botanical anxiolytics." Medical Science Monitor 18, no. 4 (2012): RA40—RA48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.882608.

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Outhoff, K. "The pharmacology of anxiolytics." South African Family Practice 52, no. 2 (March 2010): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2010.10873947.

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Sánchez Díaz, Miryam, María Luisa Martín-Calvo, and Ramona Mateos-Campos. "Trends in the Use of Anxiolytics in Castile and Leon, Spain, between 2015–2020: Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115944.

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Anxiolytics (N05B) are one of the most widely used pharmacological groups. This study aimed to analyze the progression of the consumption of anxiolytics (ATC classification: N05B) dispensed in pharmacies in Castile and Leon, Spain, from 2015 to 2020, with a special focus on the possible impact of COVID-19 on the use of these drugs. A quantitative-qualitative analysis of usage was carried out using the total number of packs and the packs per 1000 inhabitants. Overall, the use of anxiolytics grew by 14.41% during 2015–2020. The most commonly used drugs were the short-acting benzodiazepine derivatives lorazepam (whose use increased by 15.18%) and alprazolam (whose use increased by 21.40%), and the dispensing of the long-acting derivative diazepam increased the most, by 31.83%. Anxiolytics consumption increased significantly in 2020 and peaked in March. The pattern of use remained the same in 2020. The consumption of anxiolytics has continued to increase in Castile and Leon over the last six years. The COVID-19 pandemic situation affected the dispensing of these drugs, causing a sharp increase in prescriptions, especially during March, when the confinement of the population was initiated.

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Colman, Ian, Michael E. J. Wadsworth, Tim J. Croudace, and Peter B. Jones. "Three decades of antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic use in a national population birth cohort." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 2 (August 2006): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017434.

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BackgroundPsychotropic medication use is common and increasing. Use of such drugs at the individual level over long periods has not been reported.AimsTo describe antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic drug use, and associations between such medication use and common mental disorder, over a 22-year period.MethodQuestions about psychotropic medication use and symptoms of common mental disorder were asked of more than 3000 members of the 1946 British birth cohort at multiple time points between ages 31 and 53 years.ResultsPrevalence of any antidepressant, anxiolytic or hypnotic use increased significantly from 1977 (30.6 per 1000) to 1999 (59.1 per 1000) as the cohort aged. Less than 30% with mental disorder used antidepressants, anxiolytics or hypnotics. Previous use of antidepressant, anxiolytic or hypnotic was a strong predictor of future use during an episode of mental disorder (odds ratios 3.0–8.4); this association became weaker over time.ConclusionsPharmacotherapy is infrequently used by individuals with common mental disorder in Britain; this has not changed in the past three decades.

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Madsen, I. E. H., H. Burr, and R. Rugulies. "FC08-05 - Work-related threats and violence and incident use of psychotropics." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73560-x.

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IntroductionThe consequences of work-related violence and threats for clinically significant mental health problems are unclear: One study showed associations with hospitalisation for depressive and stress-related disorders, but a different study found no association with use of antidepressants. This null-finding, however, could be due to lack of statistical power.ObjectivesRe-examining the relation between exposure to work-related threats and violence in a large sample of Danish employees (n = 15527).AimsAssessing whether employees reporting exposure to work-related threats or violence are more likely to start treatment with psychotropics.MethodsWe synthesized three Danish studies with self-reported data on exposure to work-related threats or violence within the past 12 months and linked it with purchases of psychotropic medications through registry-data. After excluding 1750 respondents who had used psychotropic medication previous to 12 months before questionnaire-response, the final study population was 15527 employees. We examined four mutually exclusive outcomes:1)antidepressants (N06a),2)anxiolytics (N05b),3)antidepressants and anxiolytics,4)hypnotics only (N05c).Using four separate logistic regressions we adjusted risk estimates for confounding by gender, age, cohabitation, education, and income.ResultsPreliminary analyses show increased risk for treatment with antidepressants (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15–1.86) and antidepressants combined with anxiolytics (OR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.16–2.76), but not anxiolytics (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 0.74-1.45) or hypnotics only (OR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.77–1.50). Final results will be available for the conference.ConclusionsIn this large sample of Danish employees, exposure to threats or violence in the workplace is associated with treatment with antidepressants, and antidepressants combined with anxiolytics, but not anxiolytics or hypnotics only.

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Bourin, M., A. Couetoux du Tertre, and R. Payeur. "Evaluation of safety and side effects in the process of anti-anxiety drug development *." European Psychiatry 8, no. 6 (1993): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800000663.

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SummaryAs with other drugs it is necessary to look for changes induced by anxiolytics on vital signs, laboratory parameters and adverse events. In return, in a more specific way for anxiolytics, we will look at side effects at the central nervous system level with psychological and physiological battery tests. We will also assess the safety of use of anxiolytics in certain specific conditions, such as overdose or withdrawal and in certain populations such as the elderly, neonates and children. The assessment of safety and side effects, whatever the drug type studied, must come early in the developing process of a drug (phases I, II and III).

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Navrátilová, Zdeňka. "Anxiolytics of natural origin II. Exotic plants." Kontakt 14, no. 2 (June 22, 2012): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2012.022.

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de Bousingen, Denis Durand. "Anxiolytics restricted by French government." Lancet 351, no. 9100 (February 1998): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78380-x.

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Feighner, John P., and William F. Boyer. "Serotonin-IA Anxiolytics: An Overview." Psychopathology 22, no. 1 (1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000284623.

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BUSTO, USOA E., and EDWARD M. SELLERS. "Anxiolytics and sedative/hypnotics dependence." Addiction 86, no. 12 (December 1991): 1647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01760.x.

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