Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anzin (France) – Conditions sociales – 19e siècle'
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Firmino, Sophie. "Les réfugiés carlistes en France de 1833 à 1843." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2040.
Full textVassort, Jean. "Une société provinciale face à son devenir : le Vendômois aux 18ème et 19ème siècles." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010635.
Full textBasing my research on the example of the vendomois, I have tried to study the important changes the french provinces went through in the 18th and 19th centuries. I first founded my analysis on a traditional approach i. E. The analysis of the economic and social structures of the region. But I also examined the relation that exists between the populations ans space, through their ways of living and thinking - and i looked into the people's attitude towards school and literacy. I mainly studied how the populations perceived, adjusted and reacted to those changes : for instance, the vision of "cyclic" time recedes and gives place to that of "oriented" time, which incites the most influential people (the "notables") to modernize the region. Yet, this modernization entails disappointing alterations leading the "notables" to yearn for the past
Cucarull, Jérôme. "Les industries en Ille-et-Vilaine dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle : adaptations et inerties d'un département rural face à la seconde industrialisation." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES1009.
Full textIn the 19th century, Brittany missed the chance of an economic take-off. After an analysis of Ille-et-Vilaine, we can determine the reasons and the mechanisms of this evolution, which occured in a region that remained quite a lot rural. Outside towns, the only industrial concentrations were bound to the presence of natural resources. The general disaster happened toward 1880 1890 and affected the main sectors of the economy (the textile industries, iron-works and mines). Only subsisted traditional industries, which hold on as well as they could. The new (chemical, electrical) activities were not developped a lot. Mecanization was heavy. But the evolutions in the industrial network and outputs, as well as the assessment of the quantity and the origin of assets showed an insufficient adaptation to the modern economy. Capitalists firms were rare. As the economy of the department opened itself, competitivity was strengthened, but the study of the labour work confirms the fact that there was no unified labour market. Decline was certainly to happen, in spite of all controls means
Gaineton, Jean-Luc. "Les barreaux du Puy-de-Dôme du XIXème siècle à nos jours : types de barreaux de province : de l'aristocratie au prolétariat." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40049.
Full textSoulet, Jean-François. "Une societe en dissidence : les pyrenees au xixeme siecle. essai sur les comportements d'une societe rurale en crise." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20008.
Full textThe primary objective of this dissertation is to study the reactions of a rural population which, deprived of any instrument of defense or critical expression, finds itself forced by a combination of factors into a foreign world. Its denial, varying according to locality, social categories and periods, assumes quite divers forms, from mere folkloric mockery (songs, jeers, parodies. . . ) to open revolt leading nearly to war in entire regions. The pyrenees of the early-mid 19 th century lend themselves remarkably well to this type of analysis. The traditional social system, based on family, village community and valley community, found itself seriously perturbed during that period by powerful deleterious forces : notably, exceptional demographic growth, a combination of very unfavorable circumstances (series of economic crises, epidemics. . . ), and especially, increasingly insistent integrative policies on the part of the state (particulary regarding conscription, fiscal matters and forestry legislation) which were in some aspects totalitarian (language, religion. . . ). The pyrenean example proves that the original civilizations of the different french populations in no way peacefully died out during the 19 th century, but that their final struggle was indeed fierce
Leleux, Marc. "Condition et attitudes sociales et politiques des sans-travail et des travailleurs précaires dans le département du Nord de 1848-2002." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30043.
Full textDubesset, Mathilde, and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel. "Parcours de femmes : réalités et représentations : Saint-Etienne : 1880-1950." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO20006.
Full textIchou-Coussement, Nicole. "Les employés de banque du C. N. E. P. Et de la B. N. C. I. : parcours de travail et temps de vie : 1848/1970." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100101.
Full textThe intent of this thesis is to study the employees of CNEP and BNCI, two banks wich merged in 1966 to form BNP. Deciding to prolong the study from 1848 (date of fondation two banks) to 1970 permits a primary analisis of the effects of the merger on the employees. The personnel records are the primary source material. From the analysis of time at work and « spare time », we obtain an image both of the differences between these employees, and of the unity of two groups. Three periods stand out : the first from 1848 to 1914 shows a work force, largely masculine and well educated who could rise rapidly within the ranks to positions of responsability. The second phase from 1914 to 1945 marks a diversification of this social group with women taking a wider place but lacking access to promotion. In 1925 a major strike of bank workers drew attention to the problems within tthe profession. Finally from 1945 to 1970 banks evolved more and more towwards commercial activities. The influx of youngs graduates alters the means of access to senior positions. Since the merger in 1966 two groups met, fused their know-how and their individual identities to create a new entity. Between the history of the nation, the history of banks and the story of individuals, a professional body born in the XIXth century; gradualy defines itdelf thanks to personnel records, with the hierarchy, daily going on and the social position of the employees
Delisle, Philippe. "Renouveau missionnaire et société esclavagiste : la Martinique : 1815-1848." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO31005.
Full textThe clergy of martinique,disorganised by revolution,was restored from 1815 on new foundations. But priests were recruited in french dioceses without any missionary spirit. They confined themselves to prudent religious administration. There was a marked rupture at the end of the 1830's. The government tried to moralize slaves to prepare them for abolition. Some priests were enthusiastic,but they had to face the opposition of whites. The most remarkable initiatives came from brothers of ploermel and sisters of saint-joseph de cluny,who established a network of evangelization. The study of religious life shows that blacks wanted to reproduce the behaviour of settlers. Towards the clergy,they adopted the same spirit of independance. Moreover,the influence of africa lead to syncretism
Stavrakis, Katerina. "L'exode rural : naissance d'un imaginaire social à la fin du XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010634.
Full textPaul, Daniel. "Société et démographie dans le sud de l'Allier au XIXe siècle : Bellenaves et Ebreuil, deux bourgs en Médioromanie bourbonnaise." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040002.
Full textThe study, centred on the two main bourgs in a South Allier canton tries to show whether, in the 19th century, medioromanie continues to be a geographical and cultural framework for considering the relative importance of traditions and change in this "France du Milieu". The complex family household continues and metayage is still the most usual form of land exploitation. The real estate market is still blocked by the hold of the great estates and social differences remain clear-cut. The Restoration is UMR 8596, Centre Roland Mousnierthe pivotal period in which we see the traditional model of marriage in husband's parish renounced, an increase in illegitimacy and abandonment of children and the generalisation of contraception, first practised by the elites prior to the Revolution. Finally, the patterns of behaviour resemble less of the Auvergne and become more like those of Northern France, and losing their regional character, conform to a national mould
Lenhof, Jean-Louis. "Quand se tissait la ville des classes moyennes : impasses industrielles et réussites sociales en Alençon au XIXe siècle." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1231.
Full textThis piece of work treats of urban history. The selected town is alen9on (orne's chief-town) : a mean town. This study makes use of census registers including shifts of population. Beetween 1820 and 1914, there was a slow population increase, despite of important migrations. A real development of the urbanization of the area under municipal jurisdiction happened. Moreover, alencon went through industrial prosperity and after that de-industrialisation. The making of two products coming from "proto-industrial" times (hemp cloth and point-lace) was partially modernized : an example of "dual" industrial development. After 1880, these industries suffered a setback on textile market. The "domestic system" and the manufacture of traditional products were regarded as essentials of social life and order. Together with small trade and "arts and crafts", they landed to a guise of "social happiness" : closed social gap, more and more population in middle classes, more "proprietors-rentiers" among old people, rising social mobility. The common way to succeed on life was business and enterprise. In the 1900's, the salaried middle classes were more and more numerous. But office workers and commercial employees were aliens from the town and did not stay a long time. The social web was torn
Leblanc, Josée. "Santé et conditions de vie dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24674/24674.pdf.
Full textFarcy, Jean-Claude. "Les paysans beaucerons : de la fin de l'Ancien Régime au lendemain de la première guerre mondiale." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100132.
Full textTillier, Annick. "Les femmes, l'infanticide et le contrôle social dans les campagnes de la France armoricaine, 1825-1865 : essai d'anthropologie historique." Paris 1, 2000. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17449.
Full textCarrara, Lydie. "Au coeur de l'échange : les foires et les marchés, entre logiques économiques, enjeux politiques et pratiques sociales (Rhône - XIXème siècle)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH210.
Full textThe complementarity of approaches affirmed that the fairs and the markets places are an important issue in the development of the economy, politics and societies in the Rhône in the 19th century. First, a geo-economic approach allows us to understand their integration into the trading system that is being set up. Although temporary, they are nonetheless regular and contribute to the shaping of the space through the economic exchanges and circuits. They are an important step in creating new trade points at a local level. Throughout the century, fairs and markets places are essential in the supply of both food and manufactured goods for rural people. In addition, the inflation of all the duties, the attractiveness of auctions for local populations, as well as all the investments, are further evidence of the economic preponderance of fairs and markets places at a local level. This approach also allows us to analyze how the patterns of fairs and markets places change throughout the century. A thoughtful localization and a precise calendar underline that our economic system meet the economic criteria. The nineteenth century is characterized by a growing polarization of trade, which diverts the flow of the goods from the rural market places, making them compete with the cities. Secondly, a political approach emphasizes that they crystallize important political issues. They are privileged places of state interventionism, and there are opportunities to implement supervision policy measures and a top-down management: the central government wants to keep an eye over the trade in the country. This accentuates the principle of a paternalistic attitude. Nevertheless, throughout the nineteenth century, the government develops and strengthens this mission at a national level. Furthermore, fairs and markets places are also an occasion for people to express expectations regarding those in authority. The new political status of the citizens strengthens their legitimacy to express these expectations. This testifies to the emergence of a modern state and of a relationship between governors and governed. This paved the way for a sociological and an anthropological approach, allowing us to study the crowd becoming animated. We envisioned our fairs and markets places as meeting points for people and as opportunities for greater openness. Alongside other forms of rural sociability such as agricultural societies or trade unions, they are places of socialization and acculturation. In order to achieve this, we wanted to enter, penetrate and explore the market places: conflicts, crimes, violence. Because the whole village "fait la foire", because the fairground is also in the cabarets and in the streets, the grid that we suggest for understanding the fairs and the markets places is based on the notion of “social fairground”. Much more than a new approach, this “social fairground”, this spectacle of everyday life have probably been crucial in the persistence of our fairs and markets places over the century
Langle, Henry-Melchior de. "De la convivialité à la sociabilité à Paris dans les débits de boissons au 19ème siècle." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040089.
Full textGalloro, Piero-Dominique. "La main-d'oeuvre des usines sidérurgiques de Lorraine : 1880-1939 : étude des flux : l'exemple des Forges de Joeuf." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Galloro.Piero_Dominique.LMZ9603_1.pdf.
Full textWith the help of documents from public archives (archives of the departements of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle) and from the private collections of the companies wich have been studied (de Wendel's forges in Joeuf, metallurgic societies of Knutange, forges of the navy and of Homecourt, Chatillon-Commentry at Neuves-Maisons and the rolling mills of Thionville), the study was further supported by convincing elements thanks to both qualitative and quantitative research. Therefore, the use of such scientific tools as statistics, as well as the use of a powerful computer medium, contributed to the rigour and accuracy of the research. Rather than developping an argumentation with samples taken at random, the dissertation includes the entire population of workers from several factories during the closen period. No doubt can be cast on the representativeness of the sources used and knowledge about workers in the iron and steel industries grew richer as new elements were discovered. The demonstration aims at better understanding of the movements of the labour force wich passed in transit through the industrial factories of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle, two French departements (administrative divisions) at a crossroads between southern and northern Europe. This study starts at the end of the 19th century, a major stage in the economic development of eastern France and of the iron and steel industry as a whole. It ends with the Second World War. Factory workers where analysed so as better follow and understand their spatiotemporal trajectories their behaviours in work teams and their professional evolution. Particular attention was paid to the question of the relations of the workers with the employers and to the intervention of the state
Cousseau, Vincent. "Population et anthroponymie en Martinique du XVIIe s. à la première moitié du XIXe s. : étude d'une société coloniale à travers son système de dénomination personnel." Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0299.
Full textThis study is about historical demography and anthroponymy dealing with the proper nouns which were used to designate people during the colonial and slavery era, from the 17th century to the 1848 abolition. It focuses on the French Carribean colonial space and more specifically on Martinique, with diversified sources, especially parish registers. Different levels of analysis will be dealt with: the family level, the parish level and to finish, the island level. The first part presents the scope of the study, the sources and the methodology of the survey. The next one deals with the construction of the society of Martinique, the examination of the population and the colony’s socioeconomic structure. The social structure is analysed from the demographic pattern and social relations (the family structure, the mixing of people, the choice of godfathers and godmothers. ) In the light of these elements, the naming system is studied through the way the Christian name and the birth name were chosen to bring out the significant similarities and differences of the corpus of individual names according to the different groups of population (white people, free coloured people and slaves). Then, the habits of each group are studied, from the study of the different types of names (Christian names or birth names, common names and nicknames), focusing on the way they were chosen, on the way they spread and on the way they were used. Bringing out the lines of solidarity of exchange and of tensions, the analysis of the results fits into the study of the social relation system of this colonial society and the way it works
Debrabant, Françoic-Xavier. "Le droit social dans les houillères françaises (1810-1939)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30004.
Full textIt is between 1810 and 1939 that french social law has been created. In cool mines, usually called " sociallaboratory ", and where particulars social laws grow up, this évolution takes tree steps. The first périod (1810-1884) sees only few laws about factory work, spécialy in cool mines. In a context of triumphant paternalism and mistrust of government about working classes, the application of those laws seems us very partial : the laws that control workers enforced on a strict way, when the ones supposed to proteet them enforced on a laxitier way. The second périod (1884-1906) sees the apparition of a powerfull mining syndicalism, counterbalancing the paternalism of the patronate, and actions from unions on government and parliament. For his part, State begins to act, still on a discreet way, in favour of workers. Those changes permited both the development of a completier social legislation, recognizing a cool-bearing specificity, and an application more objective of this legislation. But the control of this application by State is still too weak, and the developement of mining syndicalism will create considerable social disorders. We must wait the period after 1906 to see State publicly staped in and became the guarantor of tbe social balance between mining's syndicalism and patronate. Those, joined with the effects of the unions'actions on Parliament and with the development of the collective bargaining, permited the birth of a real social law, recognizing a large specificity in coal mining industry. Moreover, this social law has been applicated more strictly, because the extension of State's control and its own growth. At the same time, frauds and infractions to the law gradually became exceptional
Luc, Jean-Noël. "L'invention du jeune enfant au XIXe siècle : de la salle d'asile à l'école maternelle (1826-1887)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010692.
Full textBeginning at the end of the restoration, associations, municipalities, and congregations opened infant schools to accommodate and educate children from two six years of age. The first stage in substituting universal preschooling for familial or private child care, the infant school enrolled, in 1881, 20% of the targeted public in 5500 institutions. Its founders did not want only to free the feminine labor-force for work outside the home and to ensure a second income for working-class families : in the name of an ambitious pedagogical project, they refised the traditional day nurseries, and proposed to welcome the neglected young children of the middle class. They acted according to an optimistic representation of the "seconde enfance", a name by which doctors distinguished the period that separates weaning or the first teething from the age of reason. These pioneers belonged to cultured circles that discovered, more or less by empirical means, the intellectual aptitudes and needs of the alert, curious, and talkative youngster they asserted the child's right - as a holder of special familial prerogativesto receive an appropriate education, in a particular building, and under the direction of a specialized staff. Henceforth, in architecture, pedagogy, and municipal management, the child of between twp and six years was distinguished both from nurslings and from elementary-school students. Born of a particular interest in this period of life, the infant school contributed to making its specificity recognized
Fauchet, Catherine. "De l'observation sociale à l'observation de soi : analyse des mémoires envoyés à l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques lors du premier prix Beaujour sur la misère (1834-1839)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA01A004.
Full textIn 1834, the academy of moral and political sciences launched a competitive examination for the beaujour prize, about the social question: "determining what is poverty in various counties and what signs reveal it. Finding out its roots". Up to 1839, the academy was sent twenty-seven papers. This analysis deals with the twenty-five manuscripts which got no prize nor any publication. Thanks to their participation, the candidates contributed to the social observation, but rather than inquiring, they gave an account of the signs of poverty and also, their point of view concerning its causes and, finally, the ways of solving it. Their analyses were divided into two antagonistic poles: the poor are or are not responsible for their condition. Consequently, the signs of poverty described, showed suffering or monstruosity ; their roots could be found in virtue crushed by some unfavourable economic conditions or in vice at a natural state. In order to develop their analysis, the candidates combined observation from their own experience and reading. They studied the first reports and books from political and social economists. In this way, this research also analyses the procedures of the self-taught culture, the social ambitions and the attitudes towards learned people. The moderate ambitious are those of the happy medium and well-being
Laplagne, Dominique. "L'assistance publique dans le département de la Dordogne au XIXème siècle d'après les délibérations du Conseil Général, 1800-1914." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40010.
Full textVlad-Popa, Joanne. "Paris : rendez-vous cosmopolite : du voyage élitaire à l'industrie touristique, 1855-1937." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0057.
Full textIn what way did the travelling elite passing through Paris or setting there contribute to change the urban landscape and way of life? The arrival of the foreigners is an occasion for taking a new look at Paris. The analysis of their pratical experience of the town allows us to undrestand how a new perception of parisian space and society emerged, thanks to them, between 1855 and 1937 and how a cosmopolitan society and architecture arose. This research, which has adopted an interdisciplinary approach, combines the history of architecture favouring the analysis of built-up areas and the economic, social and cultural history concerning material culture and sociability. It develops along three axes, studying the arrival of the travelling elite in Paris, the metamorphosis of the urban space and the city in motion, with its new practices, is trade, its leisur places and its tourist policy
Burguin, Pascal. "Une ville et ses élites au XIXe siècle : Rennes (1815-1914) : économie, société, identité." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20048.
Full textThe elite of Rennes is analysed from three standpoints - as economic agents, guardians of social order and as a corps in charge of the picture of the urban economy - one of the sources of bourgeois supremacy and a precondition of Rennes'desire to establish an identity for itself - and identifying the elite by using the tools of quantitative social history and to contemporary representation, this criss-cross history of the city and its elite attempts to reconstitute the construction process of an urban identity for Rennes in the 19th century. Rennes, an administrative as well as a landed city, dedicated to the agricultural industry and commodity trading, invariably managed in the 19th century by bourgeois liberals originating from manufacturing and trading forged itself the collective identity of a scholarly and moderate city, able to curb its decline and to re-conquer, through science and arts, its status of a provincial capital but also capable of overcoming its passed and future divisions by gathering around the consensual figurehead of its former mayor, Leperdit. The past, transformed into collective memory, was the principal instrument of this drive towards a strong identity and, in the political arena, the "mémoire bleue" imposed itself as the official memory of the city - a composite memory combining liberalism and Christianity, localism and patriotism, which erased all trace of the "mémoire blanche" upheld by a gradually declining nobility
Ginestous, Thierry. "Une étude sur la solitude rurale au XIXe siècle : monorésidence et autorité dans un village du Comminges : Aventignan." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0117.
Full textBoulbès, Yves. "L' assistance Publique de la loi Roussel à la Libération : fondements de l'aide sociale à l'enfance : l'exemple du département de l'Aude." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30069.
Full textThe Department of the Aude is a good place to analyse the action of welfare services from 1874 to 1945. Although local authorities are asked urgently to organize a welfare service, the creation of a public service isn't an obstacle to the maintainance of the private sector. However, public financing varies from one department to another, according to political choices. The Inspector of social services is considered to be an expert, assessing the needs, advising administrative committees and the County Council, but also managing his own career. The help given to mother and child shows 'positive discrimination'. With the foster mother, medical cares, school attendance, clothing and the application of the labour law distinguishes the foster child from the poor child. Fostering also shows the existence of a true relationship between the foster child and the foster mother, but fostering was often simplistically percieved as a job to earn money rather than to improve the life of the children
Delbrel, Yann. "La mutualité à Bordeaux à travers les sociétés de secours mutuels : 1810-1914." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40034.
Full textJacquemond, Joseph. "La révolution industrielle dans la vallée de l'Ondaine, 1815-1914." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET2018.
Full textDue to presence of coal, water power, skilled plentiful workmen, this valley, located in the south west of Saint-Etienne and expanding on about 100 km2, became in the early vanguard of French metallurgy and mining. In 1815 an Englishman Jackson and few years later, an Alsacian born Holtzer introduce steel making in the valley. But during the first half of the 19th century, general development is slow and the valley remains mainly an agricultural area. The second half of the 19th century is the period of mushrooming expansion. Coal mining remains the most important activity of the valley. But metallurgy is practically so important with three plants, featuring, among the leading. French companies of steel production, also manufacturing heavy mecanic speciallly war material. Bolt making and file making become another caracterical production of the valley. This expansion has been made possible thanks to the development of rail road. To this economical growth corresponds fundamental transformation in minds and standards of life. Legalization of trade union allows the working class to promote coalition, while the employeers attempt to limit
Schultz, Véronique. "Population et niveaux de vie à Strasbourg de la Révolution à l'annexion : le niveau de vie des milieux modestes et défavorisés : approche par les registres de conscription et présentation de l'école de travail." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/SCHULTZ_Veronique_2006.pdf.
Full textThe exploitation of the military files makes it possible to evaluate the medical standing of the conscripts and, through this evaluation, to detect a possible malnutrition during childhood or adolescence. The result of these investigation methods is the socio-professional classification of Strasbourg’s population from the end of the Ancien Régime down to the Second Empire, based on the "malnutrition variable" composed by the sum of various pathologies which is synonym of underalimentation syndromes. Up to the 19th century, when a reliable census appeared, these sources also give us information on people’s birthplaces, activities and even illiteracy. The last part of this work is about the fate of the poor in Strasbourg: the "Ecole de travail" is an original example of assistance
Le, Boulanger Jean-Michel. "Douarnenez, de 1800 à nos jours : Essai de géographie historique sur l'identité d'une ville." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES1004.
Full textThomassin, Luc. "Les officiers des régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (1832-1848)." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE4056.
Full textFrom the outset, the Chasseur d'Afrique, especially the 1 st, enjoyed great social cachet. Officers of metropolitan regiments volunteered to serve ordinary troopers, and almost all the senior cavalry officers of the French Army in the later years of the century had served with chasseurs d'Afrique at some point in their careers. There was never any lack of volunteers at any rank. The four regiments all participated in the continuous Algerian fighting of the 1832s and 1848s. Their main roles were the escort and reconnaissance for columns, rear security during siege operations, strike and pursuit work. The charges were usually against heavy numerical odds. Despite the irresolution of these early years, however, the foundations of the Armée d'Afrique had been laid. The chasseurs d'Afrique were continuously engaged in operations similar to those of, in all the small offensives and campaigns of France's conquest of Algeria
Asaro, Gabriella. "L'éphémère qui se veut éternel : la sténochorégraphie d'Arthur Saint-Léon et les autres systèmes de notation de la danse au XIXe siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS001S.
Full textAfter having been ignored for a long time, the 19th-century dance notation systems are drawing, since the last three decades, the attention of dance historians and dance notation specialists, but they have not been considered yet as a culture history phenomenon. Our PhD thesis intends to study the links between the theorisation of dance notation as a way of redeeming and regenerating French ballet, and the conditions of life, work, and social reputation of (mostly female) dancers in the 19th century, in order to explain why the dance notation systems of this period failed, in spite of their value and usefulness. Moreover, we consider the aims of dance notation and reconstruction of the 19th-century repertoire
Pongy-Salane, Jacqueline. "La politique sociale du département de Lot-et-Garonne au XIXe siècle." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40016.
Full textPauquet, Alain. "La société et les relations sociales en Berry au milieu du XIXe siècle : essai d'une histoire globale de la sociabilité dans le département du Cher de 1830 à 1855." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010709.
Full textIn the middle of the nineteenth century, the society in cher (the northern part of Berry) was still intensely rural, agrarian and inequal (domination of large estates). Population was increasing fastly, thanks to a high birth rate and a declining mortality. The industrial and agricultural revolution had started since about eighteen hundred and thirty five, but it was slowed down by the crisis of the middle of the century. Democratic ideas spread out under the second republic and, in the year eighteen forty nine, a majority of electors voted for the "reds". The analysis of marriage certificates of eighteen hundred and forty five has allowed a better knowledge of this society. A statistical study has been done for each social class and each profession, about social mobility, migrations, the choice of spouses (according to their age, homogamy or endogamy) as well as sociability of friendship and kinship (proved by the witnesses at the wedding). Computer graphics made with the analysis of contingency tables have been realised for each kind of social relationship. As far as friendship relationship are concerned, the computer graphic is like a sociometric test, at a large scale, which reveals the system of social links, better than the analysis of marriages themselves. The diversity of social gatherings appears in the sociological study of public places, private meetings, festivals and strikes as well. This research about sociability (which includes geographical variations) also describes the structures of families (using a typology), associations (especially about clubs) and the other side of sociability (criminality and all kinds of violence). As a conclusion, the writer, who insists on the social brake of the first years of the reign of louis-philippe, suggests the project of an "historical sociometry"
Lequien, Isabelle-Marie. "Versailles 1830-1870, société et économie." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040278.
Full textWith the upheaval of the French revolution and the fall of Charles the 10th, Versailles found itself in a critical situation. Its population dropped from 51000 inhabitants in 1790 to 28500 in 1831 and with the departure of the king there was also a sharp financial loss. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the city's reactions and the means used to enable its development. The first part of this work deals with censuses. The 1851's census has been closely examined to investigate the city's demographic and housing characteristics. We then analysed the administrative, religious and military organization. The municipality strengthened the town by aspiring to renewal and modernization through the policies of a succession of mayors political changes were welcome within opportunistic limits and as far as the mayors could protect their own interest. In spite of expanding ultramontanism the relationship between laic and religious authorities remained casual. Moreover the garrison maintained its determinative role on the city's growth. Several documents attest to economic activity. The characteristics of the working population were those belonging to stokeholders'city. They included few industries employing mainly temporary workers. Economic growth remained precarious and touristic activities were predominant. In the last part of our work we analysed aspects of everyday life, leisure, transportation, press, criminality and finally the response to historical events. […]
Gay, Georges. "Structuration de l'espace et dynamiques sociales : recherches sur l'exemple d'une vieille région industrielle, la vallée du Gier." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20021.
Full textThe interrogations about peculiarities and paradoxes of an old industrial country lead to analyze the spatial structuration of this micro-regional area, by the social dynamics that explain its production. The part one describes how the industrial area has been settled during the nineteenth century and how this local space functions during the first half part of the twentieth century. The part two studies representations and images which are ignorant of the quite new appearance of the linear form of the industrial country, and town planning actions that are more interested in conservative purpose than in radical change. The part three studies, in a social point of view, the present structuration of local space and its dislocation connected with the industrial crisis. The conclusion stress the heterogeneity of this regional area, and underlines the main part of political matters in its understanding
Sohn, Anne-Marie. "Les rôles féminins dans la vie privée à l'époque de la Troisième République : rôles théoriques, rôles vécus." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010682.
Full textVergriete, Édouard. "Fantasmes fin-de-siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33469.
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Keays, Lloyd-Eden. "L'État civil, fenêtre sur le monde ouvrier : étude des actes de mariage à Paris en 1856-1857." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ31739.pdf.
Full textEncrevé, Florence. "Sourds et société française au XIXe siècle : 1830-1905." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082934.
Full textThe history of deaf people is the one of a shelving of people considered disabled on behalf of the unity of a supposed common language, French. This thesis proposes to study the evolution of French society in the nineteenth century (from 1830 to 1905) from the point of view of the deaf people and how society perceived them. In the first part, we analyze the brotherhood of deaf-mutes, from 1830 to 1860, and the actions of Ferdinand Berthier, a deaf professor at the Institution of Paris. After the results that he concluded, we could be led to believe that the condition of the deaf people would have improved from the second half of the century. But it was not so. The philosophy of progress led to a regression for the deaf people, both in their education and in their integration. Thus, in the second part, we study the paradoxes of the idea of progress, from 1860 to 1905. The deaf people were less and less heard and sign language was less and less accepted. Those who did not know sign language had the belief that it inferiorezed deaf people and that it went against progress. The deaf people did not agree with this view. We think that sign language was the victim of a certain interpretation of the idea of progress. Republicans wanted deaf people to have access to civil equality through verbal communication because they believed that it was the only way to take them out from the position of inferiority. Regardless of their good intentions, by using purely oral method within deaf institutions, in fact they marginalized and put in a position of inferiority any deaf person who could not communicate oraly, witch finally put deaf people in a position of inequality
Lamy, Jérôme. "Archéologie d'un espace savant : l'observatoire de Toulouse aux 18e et 19e siècles : lieux, acteurs, pratiques, réseaux." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0023.
Full textThe study of the observatory of Toulouse, of its foundation in 1734 at the departure, in 1908, of Benjamin Baillaud, the director who completed the reforms of the third republic, allows to apprehend, through the various regimes of knowledge which are successively spread, the evolutions of a place of knowledge in its multiple dimensions. The changes of the figure of the astronomer, of the spaces of observation and the technical tools constitute a first axis of analysis to discern the historical process in progress. The examination of the scientific practices, of the gestures of the observer to the publication of the results, makes it possible to locate the processess of validation of the achieved results. Finally the Toulouse astronomers of the 18th and 19th centuries fit at the same time in the scientific community and the "garonnaise" city : by their will to be integrated into it, they reveal the access modes and the tensions which are established between science and the social request. The transition from a regime of knowledge to another is visible in each dimension of the place of knowledge. Partial continuities make it possible to establish the link and ensure the permanence of the observatory
Delas, Raphaële. "Aimé et Louis Duthoit, derniers imagiers du Moyen âge : un atelier de création et de restauration de sculpture médiévale à Amiens au XIXe siècle (1820-1870)." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0013.
Full textBlanquet-Reuillon, Madeleine. "Grammaire générale et grammaire française : la problématique de l'analyse entre 1780 et 1840." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081520.
Full textThis research focuses on a corpus of lesser known authors, between 1780 and 1840. First of all, the approach is made, from an external point of view, on the social history of linguistics (family background, breeding, education, political involvement of each author) and the history of teaching (potential interested parties, proposed methods, etc. ). Then, from inside, a research is carried out on grammatical categories (mainly those making up the nominal group : article and pronoun) and on the development of ideas such as sentence, clause and period. Are these authors still in the main stream of tradition, the so-called routine, or are they involved in new theories brought in by the ideologists ? what kind of interest do these grammarians bring up towards french, which has become a real language, and towards research on foreign languages, living or dead ? what kind of role did the journal de la langue francaise play? between september 1, 1784 as it was founded by u. Domergue, and 1840, when the last issues were printed, its title and purpose changed several times. How influential were the societes grammaticales for which it was published ? regarding the corpus, we firstly selected some grammaires des dames, a great number of which were available before 1789, but also still in the second half of the 19th century. Then the art de parler et d'ecrire correctement [. . . ] (40 edition, 1809) by l'abbe de levizac, the cours theorique et pratique de langue francaise [. . . ] (10 edition, 1807) by p. A. Lemare, the grammaire raisonnee [. . . ] by j. E. Serreau (1799), the grammaire ramenee a ses principes naturels [. . . ] (1824) by j. E. Serreau and f. N. Boussi, as well as the grammaire francaise progressive a l'usage des jeunes personnes de sophie serreau (20 edition, 1840)
Pellas, Frédéric. "Misère et charité : une économie de l'assistance dans les diocèses d'Embrun et de Gap de 1600 à 1800." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH015.
Full textThis work examines the processes of poverty, charity and assistance in the dioceses of Embrun and Gap from 1600 to 1798 along three axes. The first focuses on the forms of poverty, i.e. those relating to the territory, individuals and the community. The categories of the poor are divided into those who had a home, beggars and nationals from Italian states, with particular attention being paid to their forms of mobility. The financial aspects related to poverty are the payment of capitation, professions and work. The second axis is devoted to the study of relief structures; the evolution of those in the urban environment was the most important because they were able to rely on both economic fabrics and socio-professional networks. From the second half of the 17th century onwards, royal directives established general hospitals, which tended to differ from the structures in rural areas; in the latter, civil structures and religiously inspired structures constituted two different and complementary categories. The third axis took into account the challenges posed by marginal populations, i.e. Protestants and mobile populations. The denominational issue was centred around the confessionalization of charity until 1685, and then the confessionalization of assistance after that date. The territory was also a constant preoccupation of the representatives of the royal power towards beggars, vagrants, pilgrims and gypsies. Finally, this work ends with a reflection on the changes and permanence of forms of charity in the Hautes-Alpes department from 1789 onwards, as institutional forms replaced the civil or ecclesiastical initiatives of the Ancien Régime. The fight against begging and vagrancy was replaced by the law of 1791, which associated vagrancy and banditry, however the introduction of the passport illustrates the predominant place that the territory continued to occupy in Haut-Dauphiné at the end of the 18th century
Meyer-Sablé, Nathalie. "Le sel et le feu : évolution des métiers de la pêche et cellule familiale dans les sociétés littorales du Morbihan, 1830-1920." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0087.
Full textPriet, Christian. "Les Rennais aux XIXème siècle : recherches sur les comportements démographiques et sociaux de la Monarchie de Juillet aux débuts de la IIIème République : (1831-1875)." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20025.
Full textIn the 19th century, the social distribution of the population of rennes, though doubling in volume, doesn't undergo any significant change : if the privileged classes (merchants, professionals, senior officials, land-owners) enjoy a modest, but increasing fortune, most of the inhabitants, skilled or unskilled workers, live in very poor conditions : bouts of hard and endless work, with low wages interspersed by seasonal unemployement, alcoholism and bad health, criminality, superstition and ignorance. Rennes is a +graveyard of the race ; : mortality's horrifying during the demographic crises (cholera, war of 1870) strikes also during more stable periods because of infantile mortality. Many people die in hospital, but, os years go fey, mortatity slowly decreases and the average age of death increases. In spite of the presence of many unmarried mothers, childbirth remains moderate because of the systematic pattern of late marriages : people have fewer and fewer children. The permanent negative natural growth is compensated by migrants coming from the nearby countryside or neighbouring regions. Finally, the individual and family's paths, which we were able to reconstitute during our research about the social distribution, show an apparently high social mobility linked to geographic mobility. Reality was less exciting for the popular classes in spite of the existence of some spectacular but rare cases of social rise, most of the people of rennes stagnate in the low levels of society
Lamaison, Denis. "Prospérité et barbarie : système économique et violence dans deux colonies françaises au XIXe siècle (la Guyane et l'île de La Réunion)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0141.
Full textThis thesis is a critical study of the notion of prosperity in two French colonies in the XlXth century (French Guiana and Reunion island) with regard to the living conditions of the workforce (slaves, emancipated slaves, indentured servants, convicts). This work questions the fact that planters continually demanded new workers although they never tried to maintain these men and women healthy. We compare the elite speeches about prosperity with the violence experienced by the workforce (physical violence, lack of food and care, etc. ). We will also see how the colonists justified the preservation of an economic system while recognizing its failure. This study also questions the reality of these colonies development and the relevance of this eurocentric concept. Finally, we will focus on history writing which began in the XlXth century and forgot the slavery and colonization victims in elaborating a colonial prosperity myth
Delbos, Jean-Brieux. "Les électeurs censitaires parisiens des années 1840 et leur devenir : richesse, inégalités, mobilités économique et géographique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0112.
Full textThis economic history dissertation aims to analyse quantitatively the links between wealth and economic and geographic mobility in France from the 1840s to the 1880s through the study of franchised Parisian voters of the 1840s. To do so, an original dataset has been built by matching different sources so as to follow the multiple trajectories of the individuals who belong to this particularly rich and politically important group over time. Short-term individual mobility is observed by matching individuals across electoral lists from the last years of the July Monarchy. Long-term mobility is revealed by exploiting the Parisian tables of successions and absences (TSA). These contain information about the wealth at death of individuals. Both in the short- and long-run, economic and geographic mobility proves to be considerable, raising serious questions about the long-held idea of a close and stable elite group. Parisian franchised voters appear to be an instant class, with a large heterogeneity that was continuously renewed under the effect of powerful economic mechanisms that have been highlighted in a series of econometric regressions. Beyond the franchised electorate, the group of the wealthy individuals who appear in the Parisian TSA shows the massive extent of mobility in the 19th century: only half of these individuals were on the 1845 franchise lists considered at the national level. Taken as a whole, our results lead to renew the debate about the elites and wealth
Hantraye, Jacques. "La société française et la guerre : les invasions et les occupations étrangères en Seine-et-Oise (1814-1816)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010669.
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