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Journal articles on the topic 'AP-4 Complex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Hirst, Jennifer, Nicholas A. Bright, Brian Rous, and Margaret S. Robinson. "Characterization of a Fourth Adaptor-related Protein Complex." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 8 (1999): 2787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.8.2787.

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Adaptor protein complexes (APs) function as vesicle coat components in different membrane traffic pathways; however, there are a number of pathways for which there is still no candidate coat. To find novel coat components related to AP complexes, we have searched the expressed sequence tag database and have identified, cloned, and sequenced a new member of each of the four AP subunit families. We have shown by a combination of coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid analysis that these four proteins (ε, β4, μ4, and ς4) are components of a novel adaptor-like heterotetrameric complex, which w

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2

Salazar, G., B. Craige, M. L. Styers, et al. "BLOC-1 Complex Deficiency Alters the Targeting of Adaptor Protein Complex-3 Cargoes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 9 (2006): 4014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0103.

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Mutational analyses have revealed many genes that are required for proper biogenesis of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. The proteins encoded by these genes assemble into five distinct complexes (AP-3, BLOC-1-3, and HOPS) that either sort membrane proteins or interact with SNAREs. Several of these seemingly distinct complexes cause similar phenotypic defects when they are rendered defective by mutation, but the underlying cellular mechanism is not understood. Here, we show that the BLOC-1 complex resides on microvesicles that also contain AP-3 subunits and membrane proteins that are

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3

Dell’Angelica, Esteban C., Chris Mullins, and Juan S. Bonifacino. "AP-4, a Novel Protein Complex Related to Clathrin Adaptors." Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, no. 11 (1999): 7278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.11.7278.

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4

Ponsankarar, Lalitha, A. Sinthiya, and V. Rashmi. "Hydrogen-bonding interaction of 4-AP metal complex with proteins." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (2017): C402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317091719.

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5

Behne, Robert, Julian Teinert, Miriam Wimmer, et al. "Adaptor protein complex 4 deficiency: a paradigm of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by defective protein trafficking." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 2 (2020): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz310.

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Abstract Deficiency of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) leads to childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP): SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). This study aims to evaluate the impact of loss-of-function variants in AP-4 subunits on intracellular protein trafficking using patient-derived cells. We investigated 15 patient-derived fibroblast lines and generated six lines of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons covering a wide range of AP-4 variants. All patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced levels of the AP4E1 subunit, a surrogate

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6

BAROIS, Nicolas, and Oddmund BAKKE. "The adaptor protein AP-4 as a component of the clathrin coat machinery: a morphological study." Biochemical Journal 385, no. 2 (2005): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041010.

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The four members of the AP (adaptor protein) family are heterotetrameric cytosolic complexes that are involved in the intracellular trafficking of cargo proteins between different organelles. They interact with motifs present in the cytoplasmic tails of their specific cargo proteins at different intracellular locations. While AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 have been investigated extensively, very few studies have focused on the fourth member, AP-4. In the present study, we report on the intracellular localization of AP-4 in the MDCK (Madin–Darby canine kidney) and MelJuSo cell lines after immunogold labe

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Mattera, Rafael, Chad D. Williamson, Xuefeng Ren, and Juan S. Bonifacino. "The FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex interacts with AP-4 to mediate perinuclear distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 9 (2020): 963–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0658.

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In this study, we identify the dynein–dynactin adaptor FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex as an accessory factor for the TGN-associated adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) coat. We show that FHF is required for distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A to the perinuclear area, highlighting a novel mechanism for coupling of transport vesicles to microtubule motors.

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Schneider, Helga, Margarita Martin, Fernando A. Agarraberes та ін. "Cytolytic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 and the TCRζ/CD3 Complex, But Not CD28, Interact with Clathrin Adaptor Complexes AP-1 and AP-2". Journal of Immunology 163, № 4 (1999): 1868–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1868.

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Abstract The negative signaling receptor cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated Ag-4 (CTLA-4) resides primarily in intracellular compartments such as the Golgi apparatus of T cells. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that influence this accumulation. In this study, we demonstrate binding of the clathrin adaptor complex AP-1 with the GVYVKM motif of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4. Binding occurred primarily in the Golgi compartment of T cells, unlike with AP-2 binding that occurs mostly with cell surface CTLA-4. Although evidence was not found to implicate AP-1 binding in

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9

Mattera, Rafael, Sang Yoon Park, Raffaella De Pace, Carlos M. Guardia, and Juan S. Bonifacino. "AP-4 mediates export of ATG9A from the trans-Golgi network to promote autophagosome formation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (2017): E10697—E10706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717327114.

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AP-4 is a member of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complex family involved in protein sorting in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Interest in AP-4 has recently risen with the discovery that mutations in any of its four subunits cause a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with intellectual disability. The critical sorting events mediated by AP-4 and the pathogenesis of AP-4 deficiency, however, remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification of ATG9A, the only multispanning membrane component of the core autophagy machinery, as a specific AP-4 cargo. A

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10

Szurmak, Blanka, Aleksandra Wysłouch-Cieszyńska, Małgorzata Wszelaka-Rylik, Wojciech Bal, and Marta Dobrzańska. "A diadenosine 5',5''-P1P4 tetraphosphate (Ap4A) hydrolase from Arabidopsis thaliana that is activated preferentially by Mn2+ ions." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 1 (2008): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3173.

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Asymmetrical diadenosine 5',5''-P(1)P(4) tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) hydrolases are key enzymes controlling the in vivo concentration of Ap(4)A--an important signaling molecule involved in regulation of DNA replication and repair, signaling in stress response and apoptosis. Sequence homologies indicate that the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains at least three open reading frames encoding presumptive Ap(4)A hydrolases: At1g30110, At3g10620, and At5g06340. In this work we present efficient overexpression and detailed biochemical characteristics of the AtNUDX25 protein encoded b

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11

Masaki, Shigeo, Kyoko Takeshima, Eiko Aoki та Atsuo Nakayama. "Binding specificity analysis between Neuroligin 4 and μ-Subunit of Adapter Protein Complex, AP-4". Neuroscience Research 68 (січень 2010): e144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2212.

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12

Ishii, Noburo. "Trace of Frobenius endomorphism of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 70, no. 1 (2004): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700035875.

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Let E be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by R, where R is an order of discriminant D < −4 of an imaginary quadratic field K. If a prime number p is decomposed completely in the ring class field associated with R, then E has good reduction at a prime ideal p of K dividing p and there exist positive integers u and υ such that 4p = u2 – Du;2. It is well known that the absolute value of the trace ap of the Frobenius endomorphism of the reduction of E modulo p is equal to u. We determine whether ap = u or ap = −u in the case where the class number of R is 2 or 3 and D is divisible

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13

de Wilde, Jillian, Johanna De-Castro Arce, Peter J. F. Snijders, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Frank Rösl, and Renske D. M. Steenbergen. "Alterations in AP-1 and AP-1 Regulatory Genes during HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis." Analytical Cellular Pathology 30, no. 1 (2008): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/279656.

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Background: Previous studies demonstrated a functional involvement of the AP-1 transcription factor in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to obtain further insight in expression alterations of AP-1 family members during HPV-mediated transformation and their relationship to potential regulatory (Notch1, Net) and target (CADM1) genes.Methods: mRNA expression levels of c-Jun, JunB, junD, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2, Notch1, Net and CADM1 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in primary keratinocytes (n=5), early (n=4) and late (n=4) passages of non-tumorigenic HPV-immortalized ker

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14

Mattera, Rafael, Raffaella De Pace, and Juan S. Bonifacino. "The role of AP-4 in cargo export from the trans-Golgi network and hereditary spastic paraplegia." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 5 (2020): 1877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190664.

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Heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes play key roles in protein sorting and transport vesicle formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. One of these complexes, AP-4, was identified over 20 years ago but, up until recently, its function remained unclear. AP-4 associates with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through interaction with small GTPases of the ARF family and recognizes transmembrane proteins (i.e. cargos) having specific sorting signals in their cytosolic domains. Recent studies identified accessory proteins (tepsin, RUSC2 and the FHF complex) that co-operate wit

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15

Paolini, Lucia, Annalisa Radeghieri, Sara Civini, Luigi Caimi, and Doris Ricotta. "The Epsilon Hinge-Ear Region Regulates Membrane Localization of the AP-4 Complex." Traffic 12, no. 11 (2011): 1604–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01262.x.

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16

Manowong, Machima, Eric Van Caemelbecke, M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade, John L. Bear, Karl M. Kadish, and Tomás Torres. "Synthesis and characterization of bis-[PcRu(CO)][Ru2(ap)4(C≡CC5H4N)2]." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 01n02 (2014): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613501228.

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A tetra-ruthenium complex containing two ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines and one metal–metal bonded diruthenium(III,III) unit was synthesized and investigated as to its electrochemical and spectroscopic properties in non-aqueous media. The title compound, represented as bis-[ PcRu ( CO )]-[ Ru 2( ap )4( C ≡ CC 5 H 4 N )2], where ap = 2-anilinopyridinate anion and Pc = the dianion of tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine, was assembled by axial coordination of two PcRu ( CO ) macrocycles to pyridine groups of the complex which were themselves linked to the diruthenium(III,III) unit via alkyne groups. Th

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17

Romero, E., and R. Sullivan. "Complexity of the outward K+ current of the rat megakaryocyte." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 272, no. 5 (1997): C1525—C1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.5.c1525.

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Megakaryocytes isolated from rat bone marrow express a voltage-dependent, outward K+ current with complex kinetics of activation and inactivation. We found that this current could be separated into at least two components based on differential responses to K+ channel blockers. One component, which exhibited features of the "transient" or "A-type" K+ current of excitable cells, was more strongly blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) than by tetrabutylammonium (TBA). This current, which we designated as "4-AP-sensitive" current, activated rapidly at potentials more positive than -40 mV and subsequen

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18

Traub, L. M., J. A. Ostrom, and S. Kornfeld. "Biochemical dissection of AP-1 recruitment onto Golgi membranes." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 3 (1993): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.3.561.

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Recruitment of the Golgi-specific AP-1 adaptor complex onto Golgi membranes is thought to be a prerequisite for clathrin coat assembly on the TGN. We have used an in vitro assay to examine the translocation of cytosolic AP-1 onto purified Golgi membranes. Association of AP-1 with the membranes required GTP or GTP analogues and was inhibited by the fungal metabolite, brefeldin A. In the presence of GTP gamma S, binding of AP-1 to Golgi membranes was strictly dependent on the concentration of cytosol added to the assay. AP-1 recruitment was also found to be temperature dependent, and relatively

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19

Yuan, Pu-Qing, and Hong Yang. "Hypothyroidism increases Fos immunoreactivity in cholinergic neurons of brain medullary dorsal vagal complex in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 5 (2005): E892—E899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00108.2005.

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Hypo- or hyperthyroidism is associated with autonomic disorders. We studied Fos expression in the medullary dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), and area postrema (AP) in four groups of rats with different thyroid states induced by a combination of drinking water and daily intraperitoneal injection for 1–4 wk: 1) tap water and vehicle; 2) 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) and vehicle; 3) PTU and thyroxine (T4; 2 μg/100 g); and 4) tap water and T4 (10 μg/100 g). The numbers of Fos immunoreactive (IR) positive neurons in the DMV, NTS, and AP were low in euthyroid r

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20

Li, Qingjie, та Roderick H. Dashwood. "Activator Protein 2α Associates with Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/β-Catenin and Inhibits β-Catenin/T-cell Factor Transcriptional Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, № 44 (2004): 45669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m405025200.

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In most human colorectal cancers, mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) orCTNNB1constitutively activate the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) signaling pathway. Here, we show that the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-2α inhibited a β-catenin/TCF-responsive reporter in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in two human colorectal cancer lines, despite the fact that β-catenin and TCF-4 protein levels were unchanged in the nucleus. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that AP-2α formed a complex with APC and β-catenin and that AP-2α disrupt

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21

Larimore, Jennifer, Karine Tornieri, Pearl V. Ryder, et al. "The schizophrenia susceptibility factor dysbindin and its associated complex sort cargoes from cell bodies to the synapse." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 24 (2011): 4854–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0592.

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Dysbindin assembles into the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), which interacts with the adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3), mediating a common endosome-trafficking route. Deficiencies in AP-3 and BLOC-1 affect synaptic vesicle composition. However, whether AP-3-BLOC-1–dependent sorting events that control synapse membrane protein content take place in cell bodies upstream of nerve terminals remains unknown. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the targeting of phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase type II α (PI4KIIα), a membrane protein present in presynaptic and postsynapt

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LUNDMARK, Richard, та Sven R. CARLSSON. "The β-appendages of the four adaptor-protein (AP) complexes: structure and binding properties, and identification of sorting nexin 9 as an accessory protein to AP-2". Biochemical Journal 362, № 3 (2002): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3620597.

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Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are essential components for the formation of coated vesicles and the recognition of cargo proteins for intracellular transport. Each AP complex exposes two appendage domains with that function to bind regulatory accessory proteins in the cytosol. Secondary structure predictions, sequence alignments and CD spectroscopy were used to relate the β-appendages of all human AP complexes to the previously published crystal structure of AP-2. The results suggested that the β-appendages of AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 have similar structures, consisting of two subdomains, whereas

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23

Burgos, Patricia V., Gonzalo A. Mardones, Adriana L. Rojas, et al. "Sorting of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Precursor Protein Mediated by the AP-4 Complex." Developmental Cell 18, no. 3 (2010): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.01.015.

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24

Aguilar, Ruben C., Markus Boehm, Inna Gorshkova та ін. "Signal-binding Specificity of the μ4 Subunit of the Adaptor Protein Complex AP-4". Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, № 16 (2001): 13145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m010591200.

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25

Fields, Ian C., Elina Shteyn, Marc Pypaert, et al. "v-SNARE cellubrevin is required for basolateral sorting of AP-1B–dependent cargo in polarized epithelial cells." Journal of Cell Biology 177, no. 3 (2007): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200610047.

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The epithelial cell–specific adaptor complex AP-1B is crucial for correct delivery of many transmembrane proteins from recycling endosomes to the basolateral plasma membrane. Subsequently, membrane fusion is dependent on the formation of complexes between SNARE proteins located at the target membrane and on transport vesicles. Although the t-SNARE syntaxin 4 has been localized to the basolateral membrane, the v-SNARE operative in the AP-1B pathway remained unknown. We show that the ubiquitously expressed v-SNARE cellubrevin localizes to the basolateral membrane and to recycling endosomes, wher

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Craige, Branch, Gloria Salazar, and Victor Faundez. "Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Type II Alpha Contains an AP-3–sorting Motif and a Kinase Domain That Are Both Required for Endosome Traffic." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (2008): 1415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-12-1239.

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The adaptor complex 3 (AP-3) targets membrane proteins from endosomes to lysosomes, lysosome-related organelles and synaptic vesicles. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase type II α (PI4KIIα) is one of several proteins possessing catalytic domains that regulate AP-3–dependent sorting. Here we present evidence that PI4KIIα uniquely behaves both as a membrane protein cargo as well as an enzymatic regulator of adaptor function. In fact, AP-3 and PI4KIIα form a complex that requires a dileucine-sorting motif present in PI4KIIα. Mutagenesis of either the PI4KIIα-sorting motif or its kinase-active site ind

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Zhu, Yunxiang, Linton M. Traub, and Stuart Kornfeld. "ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 Transiently Activates High-Affinity Adaptor Protein Complex AP-1 Binding Sites On Golgi Membranes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 6 (1998): 1323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.6.1323.

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Association of the Golgi-specific adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) with the membrane is a prerequisite for clathrin coat assembly on the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The AP-1 adaptor is efficiently recruited from cytosol onto the TGN by myristoylated ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) in the presence of the poorly hydrolyzable GTP analog guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS). Substituting GTP for GTPγS, however, results in only poor AP-1 binding. Here we show that both AP-1 and clathrin can be recruited efficiently onto the TGN in the presence of GTP when cytosol is supplemented with ARF1. O

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28

Niebler, Stephan, Peter Angele, Richard Kujat, and Anja K. Bosserhoff. "Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Is an Inductor of Transcription Factor Activating Protein 2 Epsilon Expression during Chondrogenic Differentiation." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/380590.

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The transcription factor AP-2ε(activating enhancer-binding protein epsilon) is expressed in cartilage of humans and mice. However, knowledge about regulatory mechanisms influencing AP-2εexpression is limited. Using quantitative real time PCR, we detected a significant increase in AP-2εmRNA expression comparing initial and late stages of chondrogenic differentiation processesin vitroandin vivo. Interestingly, in these samples the expression pattern of the prominent hypoxia marker geneangiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4)strongly correlated with that ofAP-2εsuggesting that hypoxia might represent an ext

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29

Xia, Longfei, Lichao Hu, Hongxiang Xie та ін. "Both NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 involved in anti-β2GPI/β2GPI-induced tissue factor expression in monocytes". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 109, № 04 (2013): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-09-0655.

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SummaryOur previous data has demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its signalling pathway can contribute to anti-β2-glycoprotein I/β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI/β2GPI) -induced tissue factor (TF) expression in human blood monocytes and acute monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1. However, its downstream nuclear transcription factors have not been well explored. In the current study, we further investigated whether nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP-1) were activated and their roles in anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulating TF expression. The results showed that tr

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30

Schwarz, Neil A., John E. Kovaleski, Robert J. Heitman, Larry R. Gurchiek, and Coral Gubler-Hanna. "Arthrometric Measurement of Ankle-Complex Motion: Normative Values." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 2 (2011): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.126.

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Abstract Context: Valid and reliable measurements of ankle-complex motion have been reported using the Hollis Ankle Arthrometer. No published normative data of ankle-complex motion obtained from ankle arthrometry are available for use as a reference for clinical decision making. Objective: To describe the distribution variables of ankle-complex motion in uninjured ankles and to establish normative reference values for use in research and to assist in clinical decision making. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Both ank

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Lo, William B., Kyaw Z. Thant, Jameel Kaderbhai, et al. "Posterior calvarial distraction for complex craniosynostosis and cerebellar tonsillar herniation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 26, no. 4 (2020): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.peds19742.

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OBJECTIVEChildren with syndromic, multisuture, and lambdoid craniosynostosis undergoing calvarial surgery often have Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) (or cerebellar tonsillar herniation). The optimal management of this patient group, including the surgical techniques and timing of surgery, remains uncertain. Posterior calvarial distraction (PCD) is an effective method to increase the supratentorial cranial volume and improve raised intracranial pressure in children with complex craniosynostosis. This study investigated the efficacy of PCD in posterior fossa (PF) volume expansion and treatment

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Chedid, M., B. K. Yoza, J. W. Brooks, and S. B. Mizel. "Activation of AP-1 by IL-1 and phorbol esters in T cells. Role of protein kinase A and protein phosphatases." Journal of Immunology 147, no. 3 (1991): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.147.3.867.

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Abstract We have examined the regulation of the AP-1 transcription complex in the IL-1-responsive murine T cell thymoma cell line EL-4 6.1 C10. Our results demonstrate that AP-1-mediated gene expression in T cells may be regulated by several signaling pathways and factors, including IL-1, protein kinase C, protein kinase A (PKA), and one or more serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatases. The activation of protein kinase C results in an increase in nuclear AP-1 DNA binding activity, as well as enhanced gene expression. IL-1 and agents that elevate intracellular cAMP levels do not, by thems

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Boehm, M. "Functional and physical interactions of the adaptor protein complex AP-4 with ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs)." EMBO Journal 20, no. 22 (2001): 6265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.22.6265.

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Bear, J. L., L. M. Liu, and K. M. Kadish. "Structural, ESR, and electrochemical properties of two [Rh2(ap)4]+ geometric isomers (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate). A true mixed-valent rhodium(II)-rhodium(III) complex." Inorganic Chemistry 26, no. 18 (1987): 2927–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00265a002.

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35

Moreno-De-Luca, A., S. L. Helmers, H. Mao, et al. "Adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4) deficiency causes a novel autosomal recessive cerebral palsy syndrome with microcephaly and intellectual disability." Journal of Medical Genetics 48, no. 2 (2010): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2010.082263.

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Yap, C. "Adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4) is expressed in the central nervous system neurons and interacts with glutamate receptor δ2". Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 24, № 2 (2003): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00164-7.

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Kuliev, Kerim Avaz oglu, Shafa Aga qizi Mamedova, and Naiba Nasraddin qizi Efendiyeva. "Investigation of nikel(II) complexing with 2,6-dimerkapto-4-methilphenol and aminophenols." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 1 (2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-1-31-43.

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Complexing of nickel(II) with 2,6-dimercapto-4-methylphenol (DMMP) and hydrophobic amines was studied using physicochemical methods. Hydroxyl-containing amines-aminophenols (AP) were used as a hydrophobic amine. On the part of aminophenols, 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol (AP1), 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-chlorophenol (AP2), and 2 (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl)-4-bromophenol (AP3) were used. Mixed-ligand complexes were formed in a weakly acidic medium (pHopt 4.6–6.4). Ni(II) is recovered by chloroform by 98.6–99.5% in the form of a mixed-ligand complex (MLC) per single extraction.

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Bondarenko, Vladimir E., and Randall L. Rasmusson. "Transmural heterogeneity of repolarization and Ca2+ handling in a model of mouse ventricular tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 2 (2010): H454—H469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00907.2009.

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Mouse hearts have a diversity of action potentials (APs) generated by the cardiac myocytes from different regions. Recent evidence shows that cells from the epicardial and endocardial regions of the mouse ventricle have a diversity in Ca2+ handling properties as well as K+ current expression. To examine the mechanisms of AP generation, propagation, and stability in transmurally heterogeneous tissue, we developed a comprehensive model of the mouse cardiac cells from the epicardial and endocardial regions of the heart. Our computer model simulates the following differences between epicardial and

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Zhang, Ximbo, and Frederick L. Kiechle. "Cytosine Arabinoside Substitution Decreases Transcription Factor–DNA Binding Element Complex Formation." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 12 (2004): 1364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1364-casdtf.

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Abstract Context.—The pyrimidine nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), is an effective therapeutic agent for acute leukemia. The phosphorylated triphosphate, cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, competes with deoxycytosine triphosphate as a substrate for incorporation into DNA. Once incorporated into DNA, it inhibits DNA polymerase and topoisomerase I and modifies the tertiary structure of DNA. Objective.—To determine if the substitution of Ara-C for cytosine in double-stranded oligonucleotides that contain 4 specific transcription factor binding sites (TATA, GATA, C/EBP, and AP-2α) a

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Frommer, Lara, and George J. Kahaly. "Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (2019): 4769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00602.

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Abstract Context This mini-review offers an update on the rare autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP) syndrome with a synopsis of recent developments. Design and Results Systematic search for studies related to pathogenesis, immunogenetics, screening, diagnosis, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology of AP. AP (orphan code ORPHA 282196) is defined as the autoimmune-induced failure of at least two glands. AP is divided into the rare juvenile type I and the adult types II to IV. The prevalence is 1:100,000 and 1:20,000 for types I and types II to IV, respectively. Whereas type I (ORPHA 3453) is a monog

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Kon, Noriyoshi, Nobuhiko Iki, Takashi Kajiwara, Tasuku Ito, and Sotaro Miyano. "Ap-tert-Butyldithiacalix[4]arene-Copper(II) Complex Having Double-cone Shape of Unique Heteroditopic Inclusion Behavior." Chemistry Letters 33, no. 8 (2004): 1046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2004.1046.

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Ceddia, M. A., and J. A. Woods. "Exercise suppresses macrophage antigen presentation." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 6 (1999): 2253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2253.

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This study determined the effects of exercise on the ability of macrophages (Mφ) to present antigen to T cells. Pathogen-free male Balb/c mice (8 ± 2 wk of age) were randomly assigned to either home cage control, moderate exercise (Mod; 18 m/min, 5% grade, 0.5 h/day), exhaustive exercise (Exh, 18–30 m/min, 3 h/day), or treadmill control groups. The mice underwent treatments for 4 days during peritoneal thioglycolate inflammation. Peritoneal Mφ were harvested, purified, and incubated with chicken ovalbumin (C-OVA; 0–10 mg/ml) for 18 h. Mφ were then cocultured with C-OVA-specific T cells for 48

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Galdiero, Massimiliano, Mariateresa Vitiello, Emma Sanzari та ін. "Porins from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Activate the Transcription Factors Activating Protein 1 and NF-κB through the Raf-1-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade". Infection and Immunity 70, № 2 (2002): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.2.558-568.2002.

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ABSTRACT In this study we examined the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium porins to activate activating protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and we identified the AP-1-induced protein subunits. Our results demonstrate that these enzymes may participate in cell signaling pathways leading to AP-1 and NF-κB activation following porin stimulation of cells. Raf-1 was phosphorylated in response to the treatment of U937 cells with porins; moreover, the porin-mediated increase in Raf-1 phosphorylation is accompanied

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Tserkovniuk, Ruslan, Roman Yanchij, Oleksandr Plyska та ін. "Relationships between geomagnetic Ар-indeх and parameters of the immunity in patients with neuroendocrine-immune complex dysfunction in former sportsmen". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, № 7 (2021): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.07.034.

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Background. The effect of geomagnetism on human immunity has so far been studied through long-term observations. Recently, we have been detected the immediate immunotropic effects of the disturbances of the geomagnetic field (Ap-index) at multiple sclerosis patients. The aim of this study was to identify the immunotropic effects of geomagnetism on another contingent of people. Material and methods. The object of observation were 21 men (24-63 y) and 20 women (33-62 y) with neuroendocrine-immune complex dysfunction. Each patient was tested twice with an interval of 4 days. Observations were car

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Tserkovniuk, Ruslan, Anatoliy Gozhenko, Tetyana Korolyshyn та ін. "Relationships between geomagnetic Ар-indeх and HRV and endocrine parameters in patients with dysfunction of the neuroendocrine-immune complex". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, № 11 (2021): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.11.029.

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Background. Recently, on the example of two cohort of patients, we found that disturbances of the geomagnetic field cause a significant immediate modulating effect on the level of immune parameters in the blood. The data available in the literature give grounds for assumptions about the direct effect of disturbances of the geomagnetic field on immunocytes, and indirectly, through immunotropic neurotransmitters and hormones. Our hypothesis is as follows. Disturbances of the geomagnetic field are perceived by acupuncture points. The information obtained is transmitted to neurons and endocrinocyt

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Eun, Dong-Chan, Anthony A. Suguitan, Kyung-Soo Suk, et al. "Variation in Prevertebral Soft Tissue Swelling after Staged Combined Multilevel Anterior–Posterior Complex Cervical Spine Surgery: Anterior Then Posterior (AP) versus Posterior Then Anterior–Posterior (PAP) Surgery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (2022): 7250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237250.

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The influence of the sequence of surgery in the development of prevertebral soft tissue swelling (PSTS) in staged combined multilevel anterior–posterior complex spine surgery was examined. This study was conducted as a retrospective study of patients who underwent staged combined multilevel anterior–posterior complex cervical spine surgery from March 2014 to February 2021. Eighty-two patients were identified, of which fifty-seven were included in the final analysis after screening. PSTS was measured from routine serial monitoring lateral cervical radiographs prior to and after surgery for five

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Taimor, G., K. D. Schlüter, P. Best, S. Helmig та H. M. Piper. "Transcription activator protein 1 mediates α- but not β-adrenergic hypertrophic growth responses in adult cardiomyocytes". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, № 6 (2004): H2369—H2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00741.2003.

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In some models of cardiac hypertrophy, activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) correlates with growth. However, AP-1 is also activated by stimuli not involved in cardiac growth. This raises the following questions: does AP-1 plays a causal role for cardiomyocyte growth, and is this role model or stimulus dependent? We used a single model to address these questions, i.e., ventricular cardiomyocytes of adult rats, and two growth stimuli, i.e., α- and β-adrenoceptor agonists [10 μM phenylephrine (PE) and 1 μM isoprenaline (Iso), respectively]. After 1 h of stimulation with PE, mRNA expression of

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Jordan, Catherine, Gregory Geisel, Julian E. Alecu, Bo Zhang, Mustafa Sahin, and Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari. "Disease Severity and Motor Impairment Correlate With Health-Related Quality of Life in AP-4-Associated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia." Neurology Genetics 7, no. 4 (2021): e605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000000605.

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ObjectiveAP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP) is a childhood-onset neurogenetic disease and mimic of cerebral palsy. Data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are lacking. To establish a metric for HRQoL and caregiver priorities, we used the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire to assess HRQoL in correlation with disease severity in 64 patients with AP-4-HSP.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of caregiver-reported HRQoL was performed using the CPCHILD questionnaire in combination with a detailed clinical character

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Ouzon-Shubeita, Hala, Hunmin Jung, Michelle H. Lee, Myong-Chul Koag, and Seongmin Lee. "Catalytic mechanism of the mismatch-specific DNA glycosylase methyl-CpG-binding domain 4." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 9 (2020): 1601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200125.

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Thymine:guanine base pairs are major promutagenic mismatches occurring in DNA metabolism. If left unrepaired, these mispairs can cause C to T transition mutations. In humans, T:G mismatches are repaired in part by mismatch-specific DNA glycosylases such as methyl-CpG-binding domain 4 (hMBD4) and thymine-DNA glycosylase. Unlike lesion-specific DNA glycosylases, T:G-mismatch-specific DNA glycosylases specifically recognize both bases of the mismatch and remove the thymine but only from mispairs with guanine. Despite the advances in biochemical and structural characterizations of hMBD4, the catal

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Tserkovniuk, R., A. Gozhenko, T. Korolyshyn та ін. "Relationships between geomagnetic Ар-indeх and parameters of the acupuncture points as well as neuroendocrine-immune complex in patients with its dysfunction". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, № 12 (2021): 405–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.12.034.

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Background. Back in 1990, YuP Limansky hypothesized acupuncture points (AP) as polymodal receptors of the ecoceptive sensitivity system. In the process of hypothesis development in 2003 an existence of separate functional system of regulation of electromagnetic balance of organism has been substantiated and a working conception of light therapy has been formulated. In line with this hypothesis, we set out to analyze the relationships between the disturbances of the geomagnetic field (Ap-index) and the electrical conductivity of a number of AP, on the one hand, and the parameters of the neuroen

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