Dissertations / Theses: 'Apartheid – Namibie'

1

Sohn, Christophe. "Changement gestionnaire et recompositions urbaines post-apartheid : La question foncière à Windhoek (Namibie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/SOHN_Christophe_2003.pdf.

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Cette recherche vise à mettre en évidence les modalités de dépassement du modèle de la ville d'apartheid à travers l'analyse des recompositions urbaines en cours à Windhoek. Les changements intervenus dans la capitale namibienne depuis l'accession à l'indépendance du pays en 1990 ne s'inscrivent ni dans une logique de rupture par rapport au modèle hérité, ni dans une reproduction des schémas antérieurs, tant en ce qui concerne la manière dont la ville est pensée, modelée par les pouvoirs, que la manière dont elle est pratiquée, appropriée, déformée par les citadins. À travers la prise en compte des mutations de la gestion foncière, ce sont les logiques et les modalités du changement urbain qui sont précisées. En vertu du compromis politique fondateur de l'État namibien qui a permis l'accession au pouvoir des Noirs tout en préservant les acquis de la minorité blanche, on assiste au maintien d'un mode de penser la ville hérité du passé. Le modèle urbain que tentent de reproduire les autorités s'avère toutefois profondément inadapté face aux nouveaux enjeux propres à la société post-apartheid. Parce que les gestionnaires n'ont finalement pas d'autres choix que de prendre en compte les mutations sociales et spatiales en cours, leur bricolage des règles héritées de l'apartheid s'articule avec la formalisation de procédures et de normes nouvelles. Comme l'invention de la ville est fondamentalement le fruit d'un faisceau d'interactions entre interventions gestionnaires et pratiques citadines, la prise en compte de ces dernières révèle des manières d'habiter la ville qui dérogent au modèle promu par les autorités et la diffusion de nouvelles normes au sein de la ville. Finalement, cette évolution sur le mode de l'entre-deux laisse apparaître un modèle urbain singulier qui n'est ni celui de la ville compacte ni celui de la ville éclatée, bien qu'il renferme des éléments de chacun. À Windhoek, la ville s'invente à travers le tranquille dépassement de la ville d'apartheid
This research attempts to bring to the fore the mode of overtaking the apartheid city model through the analysis of urban remodelling processes in Windhoek. The changes occuring in the Namibian capital city since the country arose to independence in 1990 are neither in line with a logic of break concerning the inherited model nor in line with the reproduction of the former development plan, as well as in the way in which the city is designed by the autorities as in the way it is practiced, appropriated and put out of shape by the city dwellers. By taking into account the mutations occuring in the field of land management, the logics and the modes of urban changes can be specified. In accordance with the political compromise that founded the Namibian State and allowed accession to power of the black population while protecting the assets of the white minority, one can witness the maintenance of ways of thinking the city inherited from the past. The urban model the officials try to reproduce turns out to be profoundly inadequate facing the new stakes specific of the post-apartheid society. Finally, because managers do not have another choice than to take into account the social and spatial mutations in progress, the mending of the inherited apartheid rules is articulated with the fomalization of new procedures and norms. As the invention of the city is fundamentally the fruit of a set of interactions between managers' interventions and city dwellers' practices, the latter reveal ways of living the city that go against the model promoted by the autorities and the diffusion of new norms within the city. In the end, this evolution made of in betweens shows an urban model that is neither the compact nor the fragmented city, although it contains elements of both. In Windhoek, the city is invented through the quiet overtaking of the apartheid city

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2

Peyroux, Elisabeth. "Politiques d'habitat et pratiques résidentielles à Windhoek (Namibie) : recompositions sociales et spatiales des périphéries d'une ville post-apartheid." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100162.

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3

Watkins, Patrick. "Les organisations non-gouvernementales et les associations de développement communautaire en Namibie : origines, évolution et perspectives." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081098.

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La namibie offre une excellente illustration du phenomene des associations de developpement communautaire et de leur contribution dans un processus de developpement. D'une contree rendue exsangue par le genocide colonial allemand en passant par un pays dont l'occupant s'est rendu coupable de "crime contre l'humanite", a un etat independant beneficiant d'une des constitutions les plus democratiques du continent africain, les pionniers du developpement communautaire ont ete les temoins et les acteurs de profonds bouleversements. Aujourd'hui, terre de contrastes, entre tradition rurale et modernite urbaine, richesse etalee et pauvrete absolue, democratie parlementaire et apartheid economique, la namibie est confrontee au defi d'un developpement equitable, au benefice de tous ses habitants. Ce travail fait une large place a l'analyse du role des associations de developpement communautaire dans ce processus, de leur contribution pour former une nation de citoyens responsables fondee sur des modeles de partage plus equitable du pouvoir politique et des ressources economiques
Namibia offers an excellent background for the analysis of community based organizations and their contribution in the development process. On a territory first submitted to german colonial genocide then to south-african led "crimes against humanity", up to an independant state gifted with one of africa's most democratic constitutions, community based development pioneers have been witnesses to many violent turmoils and active participants in numerous radical changes. Today land of contrasts, between rural tradition and urban development, arrogant wealth and absolute poverty, political democracy and economic apartheid, namibia is confronted with the challenge of leading a peoplecentred development from which all will benefit equally. This research centers on the community-based organizations' role in this process; of their contribution to building a nation of empowered citizens, based on more democratic ways of sharing the economic resources and the political power

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4

Samé, Ekobo Muriel. "Politique municipale et recompositions urbaines dans une ville post-apartheid, Walvis Bay (Namibie)." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100072.

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Le processus d'indépendance de la Namibie s'achève véritablement le 1er mars 1994 avec la rétrocession de l'enclave de Walvis Bay par l'Afrique du Sud à la Namibie. Le cas de figure est particulièrement intéressant car la ville est un outil industriel et portuaire indispensable au jeune état namibien. Dans le contexte de décentralisation et de libéralisation qui prévaut, les pouvoirs locaux issus des premières élections démocratiques doivent donc composer avec trois grands impératifs : réparer les inégalités héritées de l'apartheid, gérer la croissance démographique et attirer les investissements économiques. En ont-ils la capacité ? Quelles sont les stratégies du gouvernement local ? Quelles recompositions induisent-elles dans la société et donc dans l'espace ? Ce travail analyse, à travers le cas de Walvis Bay, comment les modalités de l'intervention publique se transforment aujourd'hui et de quelle façon, par les formes qui sont produites, elles accompagnent le changement
Namibia's independence process actually came to a conclusion on March 1st, 1994 with South Africa's return of the enclave of Walvis Bay to Namibia. This example is particularly noteworthy because the city is a key port and industrial centre for the young Namibian state. In today's prevailing context of decentralisation and liberalisation, local authorities established through the first democratic elections must base their reorganisation on three major imperatives : identifying the ongoing inequalities inherited from apartheid, managing demographic growth and attracting economic investment. Is this within their capacity ? What strategies is local government pursuing ? What types of social and spatial recomposition are those strategies giving rise to ? Using the example of Walvis Bay, this work analyses the changes in the mean of state intervention today and, judging from the forms they have taken, how they contribute to the overall process of transformation

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5

Milongo, Moukongo Paterne Gervilen. "Comparaison du rôle de la société civile dans le processus de démocratisation en Namibie et au Congo Brazzaville au cours de la période 1989-1994»." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30005.

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On peut considérer que le démarrage du processus de démocratisation en Namibie a lieu en 1989 et au Congo Brazzaville en 1990 : pour le premier il s’agit, de la libération du joug sud-africain avec l’accession à l’indépendance et la mise en place d’un régime démocratique, pour le second la chute d’un régime de parti unique et l’instauration du multipartisme puis de la démocratie. Cette phase de bouleversement a été rendue possible par la mobilisation des forces sociales, notamment les organisations syndicales.La recherche consiste ici à considérer le rôle de ces forces sociales dans ce processus et à s’interroger sur leur nature, en particulier pour déterminer si elles constituent une société civile. Ainsi les Eglises jouent un rôle déterminant, et ce dans les deux pays. Au moment de l’ouverture démocratique, les associations se multiplient. La mise en place des premières institutions est marquée par une course au pouvoir, et se révèle la plus critique pour la société civile, dont le positionnement même est mis à mal ; les organisations sont soumises à rude épreuve. Certains meneurs des mouvements de contestations se retrouvent à la tête de partis politiques, dans un environnement à haut risque. Les rivalités ethniques ou tribales et le régionalisme s’enracinent dans la conscience populaire.Si la Namibie va poursuivre son chemin vers la démocratie, malgré la faiblesse de la société civile et les blessures du passé, le Congo va sombrer d’abord dans une guerre civile avant de chercher le chemin de la paix. La société civile anéantie au moment du conflit revient sur le devant de la scène à travers le Conseil œcuménique des Eglises mais échoue à consolider la démocratie
One can acknowledge that the democratisation process in Namibia started in 1989 and in Congo Brazzaville in 1990: for the first one it meant freeing itself from the South African rule as the country conquered its independence and established a democratic regime, for the second one, it meant the fall of a one-party rule and installing a multiparty system in a move to democracy. This upheaval phase was made possible through social forces mobilisation, especially trade unions. Our research consists in looking into the role played by these social forces in the process and in questioning their nature, particularly in order to determine whether they form some civil society. In both countries, churches are instrumental in the process. When democracy is introduced, associations flourish. As the first institutions are set, a struggle for power is engaged that soon proves to be critical for civil society, as even their position is challenged ; organisations are under deep stress. Some leaders of these social movements join or head political parties, in a high-risk context. Ethnic or tribal rivalries, as well as regionalism roots in the people's consciousness. If Namibia continues its path to democracy, despite the weakness of civil society and the wounds from the past, the Congo will first fall into civil war before searching for a way towards peace. Civil society, which has collapsed during the conflict, comes back to front stage through the Ecumenical Council of Churches but fails to consolidate democracy

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6

Friedman, J. T. "Imagining the Post-Apartheid state : an ethnographic account of Namibia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599229.

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Two main threads - one theoretical, one empirical - wind themselves through the dissertation entitled Imagining the Post-Apartheid State: An Ethnographic Account of Namibia. At the theoretical level, the dissertation is a methodological exploration into the potentialities of ethnographic description. One of its central aims is to help re-focus the traditional anthropological gaze away from a particular community of people in favour of the State itself. In this sense, the dissertation explores how one might research and write an ethnography of the State, and, in doing so, contribute to, and expand upon, a multi-disciplinary debate centring on ‘the State’ and state processes (especially in Africa). Based on fifteen months of fieldwork in an urban setting in Kaokoland (Kunene Region) the dissertation relies heavily upon the concept of political imagination. Local people’s political imaginings, it is argued, are not without effect. They are not simply products of the State, but they are also productive of the State, and thus an essential component of it. Kaokolanders’ political imaginations, therefore, serve as a prism through which to refract the post-apartheid Namibian State. In applying the concept of state-related political imagination to encompass the different ways Kaokoland-connected Namibians perceive and talk about represent and construct, the experience the Namibian State, the space is created to analyse state process as something that occurs only at the level of national government, but also in the everyday lives and practices of ordinary people. To this end, the dissertation’s empirical focus aims to detail political imagination in Kaokoland, and it does so by considering a number of interrelated themes. In particular, it addresses representations of the former South African apartheid regime in Namibia and the present independent government; it compares the perceptions and manifestations of law and courts, both state and customary; it considers the historical trajectory of a local factional dispute as a way to reflect upon traditional leadership and state power in Kaokoland; and it examines everyday forms of belonging with respect to ‘families’, kin networks, tribe, and nation.

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7

Brandt, Nicola. "Emerging landscapes : memory, trauma and its afterimage in post-apartheid Namibia and South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9dfe7938-670a-40fc-a063-5617c0503fcd.

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Visual records of place remain to a large degree inadequate when attempting to make visible the ephemeral states of consciousness that underlie the damage wrought by brutal regimes, let alone make visible the extraordinary histories and power structures encoded in images and views. This practice-led dissertation examines an emerging critical landscape genre in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia, and its relationship to specific themes such as identity, belonging, trauma and memory. The landscape genre was traditionally considered inadequate to use in expressions of resistance under apartheid, particularly in the socially conscious and reformist discourse of South African documentary photography. I argue that, as a result of historical and cultural shifts after the demise of apartheid in 1994, a shift in aesthetic and subject matter has occurred, one that has led to a more rigorous and interventionist engagement with the landscape genre. I demonstrate how, after 1994, photographers of the long-established documentary tradition, which was meant to record 'what is there' in a sharp, clear, legible and impartial manner, would continue to draw on devices of the documentary aesthetic, but in a more idiosyncratic way. I show how these post-apartheid, documentary landscapes both disrupt and complicate the conventional expectations involved in converting visual fields into knowledge. I further investigate, through my own experimental documentary work, the ideologically fraught aspects of landscape representation with their links to Calvinist and German Romantic aesthetics. I appropriate and disrupt certain tropes still prevalent in popular landscape depictions. I do this in an effort to reveal the complex and troubled relationship that these traditions share with issues of willed historical amnesia and recognition in contemporary Namibia. Through my practice and the examination of other photographers' and artists' work, this project aims to further a self-reflective and critical approach to the genre of landscape and issues of identity in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia.

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8

Dahlström, Lars. "Post-apartheid teacher education reform in Namibia : the struggle between common sense and good sense." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18065.

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This thesis is about teacher education reform. It is a narrative of attempted change in the area of teacher education in post-apartheid Namibia. The inquiry is based on critical and participatory perspectives. The analytical tools include concepts like hegemony and counter-hegemony, common sense and good sense. The historical and contextual analyses attend to the broad global layers of influence on a newly born African nation state, the prevailing common sense of financial and technical assistance agencies, and the modern school as it has landed in Namibia and elsewhere in Africa. It gives an overview of the historical deposits into the common sense about schooling and education in Namibia, including visions and practices of the liberation movement before independence. The teacher education reform is also placed within the international context of preferential views on teacher education. The struggle over the preferential right of interpretation is described and analysed on three major levels: the policy level of an imperative reform framework, the level of the contested programme imprints, and on institutional level where attempts were made to create reform agency. The teacher education reform was part of the post-apartheid policy that signalled an egalitarian society for all. The analyses give at hand that the reform was neither a defeat nor a victory. The combined effects of historical and parallel engravings affected the reform process and created a transposed reform out of the intellectual war of position over the preferential right of interpretation. The transposed reform had traits of both the hegemonic imprints and the counter-hegemonic reform policy and operated within a constraining and ahistorical political context. A future revival of the reform policy includes a critical literacy of pedagogy and a pedagogy of hope.
digitalisering@umu

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9

Mngomezulu, Bhekithemba Richard. "Gender politics and problems in Southern Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland and Namibia in the post-colonial/apartheid era." University of Western Cape, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8469.

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Magister Artium - MA
The study of gender is crucial for the achievement and sustainability of the democratic ethos in Southern Africa. The substantial·literature in this field attests· to this notion1 '. It could help us understand why certain gender stereotypes are viewed by societies as given.rat could also help us explain such problems as the unequal representation in most political structures, and the gendered labour system!. In addition, as the quotation a~ove suggests, the way we talk has gender connotations of which most people are unaware. Many males however, distance themselves from public debates on gender issues on the grounds that gender is about women.

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10

Pauck-Borchardt, JUrgen. "Business as usual -small and micro enterprise support versus traditional business practices in Western Namibia." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7758.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
This research describes the current situation of small and micro enterprises (SME) in Western Namibia, its problems and constraints, but also its potential for growth and its capacity for absorption of the unemployed particularly in the informal sector. The thesis addresses a set of problems, especially regarding research in the region, impact of apartheid rule on SMEs as well as lack of business acumen on micro level and the new government SME support strategy which is ignoring traditional differences in business practices on macro level.

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11

Akuupa, Michael Uusiku. "The formation of 'national culture' in post- apartheid Namibia: a focus on state sponsored cultural festivals in Kavango region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3275_1363169299.

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This dissertation investigates colonial and postcolonial practices of cultural representations in Namibia. The state sponsored Annual National Culture Festival in Namibia was studied with a specific focus on the Kavango Region in northeastern Namibia. I was particularly interested in how cultural representations are produced by the nation-state and local people in a post-colonial African context of nation-building and national reconciliation, by bringing visions of cosmopolitanism and modernity into critical dialogue with its colonial past. During the apartheid era, the South African administration encouraged the inhabitants of its &bdquo
Native Homelandsâ to engage in &bdquo
culturalâ activities aimed at preserving their traditional cultures and fostering a sense of distinct cultural identity among each of Namibiaâs officially recognized &bdquo
ethnic groupsâ. This policy was in line with the logic of South African colonial apartheid rule of Namibia, which relied upon the
emphasis of ethnic differences, in order to support the idea that the territory was inhabited by a collection of &bdquo
tribesâ requiring a central white government to oversee their development. The colonial administration resorted to concepts of &bdquo
traditionâ and &bdquo
cultural heritageâ in order to construct Africans as members of distinct, bounded communities (&bdquo
tribesâ) attached to specific
localities or &bdquo
homelandsâ. My central argument is that since Namibian independence in 1990, the postcolonial nation-state has placed emphasis on cultural pride in new ways, and on
identifying characteristics of &bdquo
Namibian-nessâ. This has led to the institution of cultural festivals, which have since 1995 held all over the country with an expressed emphasis on the notion of &bdquo
Unity in
Diversityâ. These cultural festivals are largely performances and cultural competitions that range from lang-arm dance, and &bdquo
traditionalâ dances, displays of &bdquo
traditionalâ foodstuffs and dramatized representations. The ethnographic study shows that while the performers represent diversity through dance and other forms of cultural exhibition, the importance of belonging to the nation and a
larger constituency is simultaneously highlighted. However, as the study demonstrates, the festivals are also spaces where local populations engage in negotiations with the nation-state and contest regional forms of belonging. The study shows how a practice which was considered to be a &bdquo
colonial representationâ of the &bdquo
otherâ has been reinvented with new meanings in postcolonial Namibia. The study demonstrates through an analysis of cultural representations such as song, dances and drama that the festival creates a space in which &bdquo
social interactionâ takes place between participants, spectators and officials who organize the event as social capital of associational life.

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Fulkerson, Dikuua Kelly Jo. "[Un]informed Consent: Eugenics, Forced Sterilization and Medical Violence in the Jim Crow United States and Apartheid Southern Africa." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560981650973904.

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13

Hernodh, Ninja. "The Fine Line That Separates Us : Processes of Namibian Identity Making andEthnicity in a Border Region." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-177308.

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This paper investigates how an administrative border affects the identity making of peopleliving in the border region of Rundu, situated in northern Namibia adjacent to Angola. Thepurpose of the study is to investigate how ethnic and national identity is dependent on thespace it is fostered in. The focus has been on the state boundary from a micro level; to seehow the Namibians living in the area perceive their ethnic belonging and how they look uponthe border, hence taking an interest in the narratives of the people. It applies Social IdentityTheory in order to investigate the process of identity making, both in regard of a nationalidentity and ethnic identity, which goes well in hand with the angle of borders having a binarydistinction e.g. here and there, inclusion and exclusion. Thus, the study draws on theoriesfrom both cultural geography, social anthropology and social psychology. The result of thestudy indicate that people in Kavango have a national identity which is superior to their ethnicidentity, but it is fragile and they easily turn to their ethnic identity. The result also shows thatthe people have accepted and emphasise the differences between Namibia and Angola, whichwas first imposed as a strategic act from the colonials, and this indicates that the border actsas both an institution and a process.

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Hennlich, Andrew Joseph. "(un)Fixing the Eye : William Kentridge and the optics of witness." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unfixing-the-eye-william-kentridge-and-the-optics-of-witness(9d9a31ed-43b8-4f5a-9121-8b98cc7e7fde).html.

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South African artist William Kentridge's (b. 1955) work frequently employs optical tools, such as the stereoscope, to highlight the contingency and instability of witness. These visual tools become metaphors for the process of historicization in post-apartheid South Africa. Kentridge is best known for his animations that are filmed by drawing with charcoal, photographing, erasing, redrawing and photographing again, leaving a palimpsest of previous traces on the paper's surface. Kentridge's prints, drawings, puppetry, theatrical projects and performances are also addressed in (un)Fixing the Eye. Kentridge's vast array of works narrates a history critical of the narrow and objective history of apartheid constructed by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC) official report. Furthermore, the metaphors suggested by Kentridge's optical tools undermine the ideology that apartheid is in the past. It suggests the necessity of colonial narratives as well as issues of class and materialism, within apartheid as traces that are very much part of the present. Each chapter of (un)Fixing the Eye uses a separate optical device to explore the narration of history in South Africa. To do so I draw from an eclectic group of thinkers: psychoanalytic models of melancholia and reparation, Jacques Derrida's work on forgiveness, Hayden White's theories of narrative and Jonathan Crary's work on optical tools and perception. Chapter one argues there is an ironic and impossible condition of forgiveness and truth in the TRC. Using Kentridge's Ubu Tells the Truth and its specific invocation of Dziga Vertov's realist 'kino-eye' and Alfred Jarry's brutal and absurd King Ubu as metaphors of absurdity and truth represented through the movie camera, this chapter argues that there is an impossibility of truth in the TRC. Chapter two reads Kentridge's Felix in Exile as a materialist response to the naturalized and a historical landscape tradition in South Africa. Felix's use of the theodolite and sextant as mapping and navigation tools highlights colonial mapping practices and the history of property ownership, particularly in the mining industry. In this way these optical tools link colonialism and mining alongside of the violence rendered in the film, unearthing a history of colonialism and class issues in apartheid narratives. Chapter three uses X-rays and CAT scans as metaphors for the testimony in the TRC, as both require an expert to decode and contextualize the testimony. Kentridge's films during the TRC use medical imaging technologies that are ambiguous and uncertain within the TRC's discourse of truth. Chapter four returns to the camera, this time as a colonial image in Namibia, arguing its usage in Black Box/Chambre Noir creates a melancholic relationship between Enlightenment Europe and colonial Africa. In this melancholia, Kentridge's history of the 20th century's first genocide in Namibia links a tremendous number of global histories. The focus in optical discourses, particularly the stereoscope is not new in Kentridge's work but (un)Fixing the Eye considers a number of tools that have not previously been a part of this optical work in Kentridge's art. It expands the political scope of Kentridge's work to include colonialism and class issues, insisting on their place in the current political landscape. Ultimately this project argues that Kentridge's work through a destabilized optical apparatus works both formally and allegorically as a way of conceiving of narrative and ideological critique in an expanded sense from the narrow confines set by the TRC.

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Diamonds, Herman Pule. "US foreign policy toward Southern Africa - 1975 to 1990: the case of the Namibian Independence struggle." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5719_1256719748.

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This study, in contrast to contemporary held views relating to the US policy premises, aimed to look at the inherent disabilities and inconsistencies of the policies of succesive Washington administrations. More so, it investigated the US interventionist strategies to perceived threats from communist regimes and their allies, especially in Southern Africa. To be able to embark on such an investigation, Namibia and the Soviet-Cuban involvement in Southern Africa were selected as a special focus of this study

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Frostensson, Kajsa. "Att skapa ett konstnärskap : JOHN NDEVASIA MUAFANGEJO." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432534.

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Detta är en presentation av den namibiske konstnären John Ndevasia Muafangejos (1943 - 1987) konstnärliga gärning. Syftet med undersökningen har varit att utöver en tolkning av hans bilder försöka förstå vad han har betytt för landet Namibia under deras befrielsekamp och efteråt, men även hur han kunde utvecklas till konstnär under apartheidregimens Sydafrika.För min undersökning har jag använt tidigare gjorda analyser av hans verk men också en del intervjuer med bland annat hans lärare Peder Gowenius och Otto Lundbohm. Muafangejo utbildades på den av svenskar drivna konstskolan Rorkes Drift i Sydafrika, en skola som haft stort inflytande på skapandet av en rad svarta konstnärer.Min teoretiska ingång har varit hermeneutisk med en postkolonial vinkling. Jag har grundat mig på Hans-Georg Gadamers idéer om att förstå ett konstverk utifrån våra erfarenheter. En ingång som har utmanat då jag hade väldigt lite erfarenhet av och kunskap om Namibia när jag startade min undersökning. Den postkoloniala ingången har varit Frantz Fanon där främst hans resonemang kring hur den förtryckta befolkningen tar över förtryckarens syn på dem och deras kultur och genom det skapar ett självförakt. Frantz Fanons tankar har på ett mer konkret sätt hjälpt mig i analysen av Muafangejos bilder och liv.Muafangejo arbetade främst i grafiska tekniker där linoleumsnittet blev det han använde mest. Bilderna är oftast berättande med mängder av detaljer och mönster som flödar över bildrummet. Han använder gärna text för att ytterligare förstärka det han vill uttrycka. Bilderna speglar hans liv men också samtida händelse eller historiska och bibliska berättelser. Det finns även bilder som berättar om traditioner, djur och föremål från hans hembygd Ovamboland i norra Namibia. I min analys har jag sökt svara på vad det är han berättar i sina bilder och hur medvetet han gjorde det. Jag har även försökt sätta mig in i vad bilderna har betytt för Namibia och vilken betydelse de fått när de presenterats i ett internationellt sammanhang. Slutligen har jag försökt förstå hur han kunde utvecklas till en internationellt verkande konstnär.Muafangejo är den första kända svarta konstnären i Namibia och jag visar i min undersökning att hans bilder har haft betydelse för utvecklingen av konsten i Namibia. Något som även påtalas i litteraturen. Vilken betydelse hans bilder har haft på andra plan har varit svårare att se. Han gavs en möjlighet en möjlighet att verka internationellt tack vare ett svenskt utvecklingsprojekt, konstskolan Rorkes Drift i Sydafrika. Han har genom sina bilder synliggjort den förtryckta svarta befolkningens levnadsvillkor i apartheidregimens Sydafrika.

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Makhathini, Bheka A. "Crossing borders : a critical study of Michael Dingake's My fight against apartheid (1987) and Helao Shityuwete's Never follow the wolf : the autobiography of a Namibian freedom fighter (1990)." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4181.

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Pfaffe, Joachim Friedrich. "Contextual pedagogy : the didactics of pedagogical emancipation within the context of disempowered and marginalised societies." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15764.

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The thesis deals with the theoretic concept of Contextual Pedagogy and its application in the context of a disempowered and marginalized society, the Ju/'hoansi ("Bushmen") of Nyae Nyae in North Eastern Namibia. Contextual Pedagogy derives from the notion of Contextual Theology and is thus initially based on a pedagogical analysis of the KAI ROS-Document, whereby its sociopolitical content and its inherent methodology are being transferred into a context of pedagogy. Referring to theoretical concepts of Critical Theory and Liberation Pedagogy, Conditional Fields are being identified in a first analysis which determine and explain the pedagogical situation in a colonial context of Apartheid South Africa. During a three-year qualitative field research, central aspects of Contextual Pedagogy are being applied within the framework of the development of a post-colonial and community-based school programme in Nyae Nyae, the Village Schools Project. This school programme comprises a curriculum for a teacher training course as well as a curriculum for Grade 1-3 learners in five selected villages of Nyae Nyae, and is based on the dynamic processes between the communities, the Student Teachers and the author as their Teacher Trainer and Village Schools Co-ordinator. A further theoretical evaluation and reflexion of the field research gives rise to a pedagogical superstructure of Contextual Pedagogy, which also investigates the notions of power, empowerment and over-empowerment within a context of development work. By doing so, the previous Conditional Fields of pedagogic work within a theoretical framework of Contextual Pedagogy become extended in relevance for a pedagogical context of a post-colonial society with special reference to marginalized subjects. In conclusion, the finalization of the research project and its subsequent handing-over process to the Namibian government analyzes the paralyzing effects of an excessive bureaucracy, and the resurgence of conservative and colonial thought in the young and fragile democracy of Namibia.
Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Didactics)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Apartheid – Namibie'

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