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Journal articles on the topic 'Aphasia treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Stanic, Sanja, and Gordana Devecerski. "Evaluation, treatment and evolution of Broca's aphasia." Medical review 61, no. 5-6 (2008): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0806287s.

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This paper presents the evaluation treatment and improvement of a patient with Broca's aphasia. A specific form of speech therapy, based on the peculiarities of the clinical picture of Broca's aphasia, was applied during one year. Our results have shown that this form of therapy leads to a significant improvement of the communicative abilities, even in the cases with severe form of aphasia. The importance of application of the specific methods and therapies for the rehabilitation of aphasic patients is pointed out.

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Ghoreishi, Zahra Sadat, Mojtaba Azimian, Javad Alaghband Rad, et al. "Analysis of Connected Speech in Persian Aphasic Patients and its Relationship With Type and Severity of Aphasia." Function and Disability Journal 15, no. 3 (2021): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/fdj.4.14.

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Background and Objectives: There are several tests to determine the type and severity of aphasia, but they take a long time to administer when assessing aphasic patients. In recent years, the analysis of spontaneous speech has gained great attention because it is important to diagnose and follow post-treatment improvement in aphasic patients. This study was done to assess some parameters of connected speech in aphasic patients. In addition, the correlation between connected speech parameters and the type and severity of aphasia was measured. Methods: We compared the connected speech parameters of 27 aphasics (10 fluent and 17 non-fluent), Persian speakers, compared with the control group. There were two groups matched by age, sex, and education. Nest’s bird story pictures were used to elicit a speech sample. In the next step, the connected speech was analyzed to define speech parameters, including speech rate, mean length of utterance, number of utterances, total words, content words, function words, nouns, and verbs. Moreover, the severity of aphasia was measured using a Persian Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). Results: The findings showed significant differences between groups in all parameters of the connected speech (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between speech parameters and severity of aphasia demonstrated that all parameters were highly correlated (r >0.71) with the severity of aphasia (P<0.01) except for speech rate and the number of function words. There were some typical differences between linguistics grammatical and pragmatical characters of different types of aphasia. Conclusion: Connected speech is one of the most sensitive parts of language in all types of aphasic patients. There are some clinical signs for differential diagnosis of aphasia based on speech measures. According to the findings, the type and severity of aphasia and connected speech were highly correlated. Thus, the use of the connected speech analysis is necessary as an assessment tool for the diagnosis of aphasia.

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Poeck, Klaus, Walter Huber, and Klaus Willmes. "Outcome of Intensive Language Treatment in Aphasia." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 3 (1989): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5403.471.

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Sixty-eight aphasic inpatients received intensive language treatment (9 hr per week over a period of 6–8 weeks). Outcome was assessed by means of the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT), a standardized test battery for the German language. For patients with duration of aphasia up to 12 months, amount of improvement was corrected by the expected rate of spontaneous recovery as determined by a previous multicenter follow-up study. About two thirds of the patients showed significant improvement in AAT performance according to psychometric single case analysis procedures. A similar rate of improvement was found for individuals with chronic aphasia beyond the stage of spontaneous recovery.

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Stojanovic, Biljana, Ljubomir Djurasic, Stevan Jovic, and Dalibor Paspalj. "EEG study of visual reactivity in aphasic patients." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 60, no. 3 (2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1303045s.

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AIM: to compare patients with good and poor recovery after 1 and 3 months from onset of poststroke aphasia and to correlate the quality of recovery with quantitative EEG (QEEG) measures (frequency analysis with the limits of variability, and index of asymmetry). METHODS: The investigation was performed on the sample of 32 patients with poststroke aphasia, 15 females (46.88%) and 17 males (53.12%), mean age + standard deviation (SD) being 50.65+9.93 years. QEEG measures of this sample were compared with those in a group of 86 healthy controls, 39 (45.35%) females and 47 (54,65%) males, mean age +SD being 51.08+10.08 years. Frequency analysis was performed in eyes closed and eyes open conditions in both controls and in aphasics who were tested just before and two month after rehabilitative treatment with speech therapy. RESULTS: We have got normal distribution for all derivations and all frequency bands in the group of healthy subjects. On the basis of this finding, we determined coefficients of variation in patients with poststroke aphasia and discovered that their maximal variability scores were significantly decreased. Compared to healthy subjects, the index of asymmetry between two hemispheres and between main brain regions was significantly higher in the aphasic patients than in controls. However, the differences in the index of asymmetry and limits of variability significantly decreased after two month treatment in the subgroup of patients with good improvement compared with the subgroup of patients with poor improvement of poststroke aphasia. CONCLUSION: QEEG measures may have predicitive value in post-stroke aphasia.

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Eliyas, Mohammed, and Sivaranjani Balasubramanian. "AAC Intervention for Stroke Survivors - An Anomic Aphasic Case Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 12 (2021): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211220.

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Aphasia is an impairment of language that is a consequence of a cerebral insult or damage affecting the speech production and/or comprehension, as well as the ability to read or write. Etiology of Aphasia is multifactorial, most commonly in the form of a stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident), especially in older individuals. The type of aphasia is determined based on multiple factors such as the site of lesion, signs and symptoms and also through patient’s clinical presentation. Rehabilitation for stroke survivors plays a major role in communication effectiveness. Computerized Intervention method provides a prognostic factor in the treatment for adults with aphasia. AAC devices (high-tech) are used to enhance communicative effectiveness of aphasic individuals who are less likely to use strategies/techniques that the caregiver can use to foster interactions between themselves and the aphasic individual outside the treatment setting. Other factors that determine the success of the intervention are the intensiveness and the duration of intervention. This study focuses on one such intervention of an adult Anomic Aphasia patient using a high tech AAC computerized application known as Avaz. The results showed that the client was able to perform much better in terms of the word retrieving abilities and is now able to communicate well. Key words: Augmentative and Alternative Communications; Anomic Aphasia; Language intervention; Avaz; High tech.

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Fromm, Davida, Margaret Forbes, Audrey Holland, Sarah Grace Dalton, Jessica Richardson, and Brian MacWhinney. "Discourse Characteristics in Aphasia Beyond the Western Aphasia Battery Cutoff." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 3 (2017): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0071.

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Purpose This study examined discourse characteristics of individuals with aphasia who scored at or above the 93.8 cutoff on the Aphasia Quotient subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R; Kertesz, 2007). They were compared with participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia. Method Participants were from the AphasiaBank database and included 28 participants who were not aphasic by WAB-R score (NABW), 92 participants with anomic aphasia, and 177 controls. Cinderella narratives were analyzed using the Computerized Language Analysis programs (MacWhinney, 2000). Outcome measures were words per minute, percent word errors, lexical diversity using the moving average type–token ratio (Covington, 2007b), main concept production, number of utterances, mean length of utterance, and proposition density. Results Results showed that the NABW group was significantly different from the controls on all measures except MLU and proposition density. These individuals were compared to participants without aphasia and those with anomic aphasia. Conclusion Individuals with aphasia who score above the WAB-R Aphasia Quotient cutoff demonstrate discourse impairments that warrant both treatment and special attention in the research literature.

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Peach, Richard, Meghana Nathan, and Katherine Beck. "Language-Specific Attention Treatment for Aphasia: Description and Preliminary Findings." Seminars in Speech and Language 38, no. 01 (2017): 005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597260.

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The need for a specific, language-based treatment approach to aphasic impairments associated with attentional deficits is well documented. We describe language-specific attention treatment, a specific skill-based approach for aphasia that exploits increasingly complex linguistic tasks that focus attention. The program consists of eight tasks, some with multiple phases, to assess and treat lexical and sentence processing. Validation results demonstrate that these tasks load on six attentional domains: (1) executive attention; (2) attentional switching; (3) visual selective attention/processing speed; (4) sustained attention; (5) auditory-verbal working memory; and (6) auditory processing speed. The program demonstrates excellent inter- and intrarater reliability and adequate test–retest reliability. Two of four people with aphasia exposed to this program demonstrated good language recovery whereas three of the four participants showed improvements in auditory-verbal working memory. The results provide support for this treatment program in patients with aphasia having no greater than a moderate degree of attentional impairment.

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Jacobs, Molly, and Charles Ellis. "Understanding the Economics of Aphasia: Recent Findings from Speech and Language Research." Seminars in Speech and Language 43, no. 03 (2022): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749132.

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AbstractIn recent years, stakeholders engaged in the study, treatment, and understanding of aphasia outcomes have emphasized the need for greater transparency regarding the economics of aphasia rehabilitation. Most notably, third-party payers and clinicians have a keen interest in understanding the resources used to treat aphasia, particularly the cost-effectiveness and value of aphasia treatments. In this article, we review the current literature related to the economic burden of aphasia and the cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments. To date, relatively few scholars have attempted to study the efficiency, scale, and scope related to the economics of aphasia and the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment. While studies of the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments have shown rehabilitative treatments conform to established quality and cost benchmarks, the continued progress and developments in the treatment of aphasia and measurement of clinical outcomes has left many areas unstudied. We highlight the need for greater emphasis on the cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatments in addition to the traditional focus on the efficacy of treatment outcomes.

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Albert, Martin L. "Treatment of Aphasia." Archives of Neurology 55, no. 11 (1998): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.55.11.1417.

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Armstrong, Elizabeth, and Lynne Mortensen. "Everyday Talk: Its Role in Assessment and Treatment for Individuals With Aphasia." Brain Impairment 7, no. 3 (2006): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.7.3.175.

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AbstractThis article discusses the significance of conversation in current clinical practice with individuals with aphasia and their conversation partners. It explores the nature of everyday talk, and provides an overview of how studies to date have examined the conversations of individuals with aphasia and have provided some promising treatment avenues. It also proposes another framework, Speech Function Analysis, that may assist further in incorporating conversational principles into the therapy context. The framework provides a system network for examining speech functions in dialogue, while considering the effects of both lexical and syntactic limitations, and context. Examples of conversations between three individuals with aphasia and their partners are used to illustrate the analysis. The authors suggest that further knowledge of both aphasic speakers' and their partners' interactions as well as clinician–client interactions may increase our insights into this area, and make authentic and meaningful conversation more accessible in the clinical situation and beyond.

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Robey, Randall R. "A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in the Treatment of Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 1 (1998): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4101.172.

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An extensive search of aphasia-treatment literature yielded 55 reports of clinical outcomes satisfying the essential criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The results confirmed those of an earlier meta-analysis in demonstrating the utility of aphasia treatments, generally considered, for bringing about desirable clinical outcomes. Beyond the general case, the new findings address clinical utility in finer detail than was previously possible. Effects of treatment for aphasia are synthesized and assessed for each of four important dimensions: amount of treatment, type of treatment, severity of aphasia, and type of aphasia.

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Swiderski, Alexander M., Yina M. Quique, Michael Walsh Dickey, and William D. Hula. "Treatment of Underlying Forms: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Treatment and Person-Related Variables on Treatment Response." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 11 (2021): 4308–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00131.

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Purpose This meta-analysis synthesizes published studies using “treatment of underlying forms” (TUF) for sentence-level deficits in people with aphasia (PWA). The study aims were to examine group-level evidence for TUF efficacy, to characterize the effects of treatment-related variables (sentence structural family and complexity; treatment dose) in relation to the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (CATE) hypothesis, and to examine the effects of person-level variables (aphasia severity, sentence comprehension impairment, and time postonset of aphasia) on TUF response. Method Data from 13 single-subject, multiple-baseline TUF studies, including 46 PWA, were analyzed. Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects interrupted time series models were used to assess the effect of treatment-related variables on probe accuracy during baseline and treatment. The moderating influence of person-level variables on TUF response was also investigated. Results The results provide group-level evidence for TUF efficacy demonstrating increased probe accuracy during treatment compared with baseline phases. Greater amounts of TUF were associated with larger increases in accuracy, with greater gains for treated than untreated sentences. The findings revealed generalization effects for sentences that were of the same family but less complex than treated sentences. Aphasia severity may moderate TUF response, with people with milder aphasia demonstrating greater gains compared with people with more severe aphasia. Sentence comprehension performance did not moderate TUF response. Greater time postonset of aphasia was associated with smaller improvements for treated sentences but not for untreated sentences. Conclusions Our results provide generalizable group-level evidence of TUF efficacy. Treatment and generalization responses were consistent with the CATE hypothesis. Model results also identified person-level moderators of TUF (aphasia severity, time postonset of aphasia) and preliminary estimates of the effects of varying amounts of TUF for treated and untreated sentences. Taken together, these findings add to the TUF evidence and may guide future TUF treatment–candidate selection. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16828630

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Katz, Richard C., and Robert T. Wertz. "The Efficacy of Computer-Provided Reading Treatment for Chronic Aphasic Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 3 (1997): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4003.493.

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We examined the effects of computer-provided reading activities on language performance in chronic aphasic patients. Fifty-five aphasic adults were assigned randomly to one of three conditions: computer reading treatment, computer stimulation, or no treatment. Subjects in the computer groups used computers 3 hours each week for 26 weeks. Computer reading treatment software consisted of visual matching and reading comprehension tasks. Computer stimulation software consisted of nonverbal games and cognitive rehabilitation tasks. Language measures were administered to all subjects at entry and after 3 and 6 months. Significant improvement over the 26 weeks occurred on five language measures for the computer reading treatment group, on one language measure for the computer stimulation group, and on none of the language measures for the notreatment group. The computer reading treatment group displayed significantly more improvement on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability “Overall” and “Verbal” modality percentiles and on the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia “Quotient” and “Repetition” subtest than the other two groups. The results suggest that (a) computerized reading treatment can be administered with minimal assistance from a clinician, (b) improvement on the computerized reading treatment tasks generalized to non-computer language performance, (c) improvement resulted from the language content of the software and not stimulation provided by a computer, and (d) the computerized reading treatment we provided to chronic aphasic patients was efficacious.

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Herath, Herath Mudiyanselage Dhammike Piyumal Madhurajith, Weraniyagoda Arachchilage Sahanaka Anuththara Weraniyagoda, Rajapakshage Thilina Madhushan Rajapaksha, Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha Wijesekara, Kalupahana Liyanage Kushan Sudheera, and Peter Han Joo Chong. "Automatic Assessment of Aphasic Speech Sensed by Audio Sensors for Classification into Aphasia Severity Levels to Recommend Speech Therapies." Sensors 22, no. 18 (2022): 6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186966.

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Aphasia is a type of speech disorder that can cause speech defects in a person. Identifying the severity level of the aphasia patient is critical for the rehabilitation process. In this research, we identify ten aphasia severity levels motivated by specific speech therapies based on the presence or absence of identified characteristics in aphasic speech in order to give more specific treatment to the patient. In the aphasia severity level classification process, we experiment on different speech feature extraction techniques, lengths of input audio samples, and machine learning classifiers toward classification performance. Aphasic speech is required to be sensed by an audio sensor and then recorded and divided into audio frames and passed through an audio feature extractor before feeding into the machine learning classifier. According to the results, the mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) is the most suitable audio feature extraction method for the aphasic speech level classification process, as it outperformed the classification performance of all mel-spectrogram, chroma, and zero crossing rates by a large margin. Furthermore, the classification performance is higher when 20 s audio samples are used compared with 10 s chunks, even though the performance gap is narrow. Finally, the deep neural network approach resulted in the best classification performance, which was slightly better than both K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest classifiers, and it was significantly better than decision tree algorithms. Therefore, the study shows that aphasia level classification can be completed with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 0.99 using MFCC for 20 s audio samples using the deep neural network approach in order to recommend corresponding speech therapy for the identified level. A web application was developed for English-speaking aphasia patients to self-diagnose the severity level and engage in speech therapies.

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Kurland, Jacquie. "iRehab in Aphasia Treatment." Seminars in Speech and Language 35, no. 01 (2014): 003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1362989.

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Shuster, Linda I. "Aphasia Theories and Treatment." ASHA Leader 10, no. 3 (2005): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr5.10032005.8.

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Simmons-Mackie, Nina, and Jack S. Damico. "Counseling and Aphasia Treatment." Topics in Language Disorders 31, no. 4 (2011): 336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tld.0b013e318234ea9f.

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Porcelli, Janet. "Aphasia Assessment and Treatment." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2, no. 3 (1991): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30696-x.

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Elliot, Alison Ferguson, Ngiare. "Analysing aphasia treatment sessions." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 15, no. 3 (2001): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200010011180.

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Jacobs, Molly, and Charles Ellis. "Estimating the cost and value of functional changes in communication ability following telepractice treatment for aphasia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257462.

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Context Aphasia is a post-stroke condition that can dramatically impact a person with aphasia’s (PWA) communication abilities. To date, few if any studies have considered the cost and cost-effectiveness of functional change in aphasia nor considered measures of patient’s value for aphasia treatment. Objective To assess the cost, cost-effectiveness, and perceived value associated with improved functional communication in individuals receiving telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia. Design Twenty PWA completed between 5 and 12 telehealth rehabilitation sessions of 45–60 minutes within a 6-week time frame using a Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) designed to address a range of language issues among individuals with aphasia. National Outcomes Measures (NOMS) comprehension and verbal expression and the ASHA Quality of Communication Life (QCL) were completed prior to and at the completion of rehabilitation to obtain baseline and treatment measures. Results Age, education, and race are significantly correlated with improvement in the NOMS verbal expression. African Americans (OR = 2.0917) are twice as likely as Whites to experience improvement after treatment. The likelihood of improvement also increases with each additional year of education (OR = 1.002) but decrease with age (OR = 0.9463). A total of 15 PWA showed improvement in NOMS comprehension and nine patients showed improvement in NOMS verbal expression. Improving patients attended between five and 12 treatment sessions. The average cost of improvement in NOMS comprehension was $1,152 per patient and NOMS verbal expression was $1,128 per patient with individual treatment costs varying between $540 and $1,296. However, on average, the monetary equivalent in patient’s improved QCL was between $1,790.39 to $3,912,54—far exceeding the financial cost of treatment. Conclusions When measuring the functional improvement of patients with aphasia, patient’s quality of communication life received from treatment exceeded financial cost of services provided.

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Centeno, José G. "Multidisciplinary Evidence to Treat Bilingual Individuals with Aphasia." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 15, no. 3 (2008): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds15.3.66.

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Abstract The steady increase in linguistic and cultural diversity in the country, including the number of bilingual speakers, has been predicted to continue. Minorities are expected to be the majority by 2042. Strokes, the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the U.S., are quite prevalent in racial and ethnic minorities, so population estimates underscore the imperative need to develop valid clinical procedures to serve the predicted increase in linguistically and culturally diverse bilingual adults with aphasia in post-stroke rehabilitation. Bilingualism is a complex phenomenon that interconnects culture, cognition, and language; thus, as aphasia is a social phenomenon, treatment of bilingual aphasic persons would benefit from conceptual frameworks that exploit the culture-cognition-language interaction in ways that maximize both linguistic and communicative improvement leading to social re-adaptation. This paper discusses a multidisciplinary evidence-based approach to develop ecologically-valid treatment strategies for bilingual aphasic individuals. Content aims to spark practitioners' interest to explore conceptually broad intervention strategies beyond strictly linguistic domains that would facilitate linguistic gains, communicative interactions, and social functioning. This paper largely emphasizes Spanish-English individuals in the United States. Practitioners, however, are advised to adapt the proposed principles to the unique backgrounds of other bilingual aphasic clients.

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Elman, Roberta J. "Aphasia Group Treatment at the Aphasia Center of California." Perspectives on Gerontology 4, no. 1 (1999): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gero4.1.20.

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Ellis, Charles, Richard C. Lindrooth, and Jennifer Horner. "Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Treatments for Aphasia: An Approach Using Experimental Data." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 23, no. 2 (2014): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2013_ajslp-13-0037.

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Purpose Evidence supports the effectiveness of speech-language treatment for individuals with aphasia, yet less is known about the cost-effectiveness of such treatments. The purpose of this study was to examine the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment using previously published data. Method The authors completed a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis using experimental data that they extracted from 19 previously published aphasia treatment studies. Average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated based on participants' pre- and posttreatment proficiency scores. Results The average cost-effectiveness ratio for all sessions was $9.54 for each 1% increase in the outcome of interest. Measures of incremental cost-effectiveness indicated that aphasia treatments resulted in statistically significant improvements up to and including 17 treatment sessions. Increases in proficiency occurred at a cost of approximately $7.00 per 1% increase for the first 3 sessions to more than $20.00 in the 14th session; the ratio was either not statistically significant or dominated (more costly and less effective) in later sessions. Conclusions This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that initial aphasia treatment sessions resulted in relatively larger and more cost-effective benefits than did later aphasia treatment sessions. The findings reported here are preliminary and have limitations. Prospective studies are needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of speech-language treatment for individuals with aphasia.

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Boyle, Mary, and Carl A. Coelho. "Application of Semantic Feature Analysis as a Treatment for Aphasic Dysnomia." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 4, no. 4 (1995): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0404.94.

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Despite agreement that dysnomia affects virtually every aphasic patient, there is no consensus about the purpose and effectiveness of techniques to treat it. Semantic feature analysis (SFA), a treatment technique designed to improve retrieval of conceptual information by accessing semantic networks, was used to treat aphasic dysnomia in a 57-year-old male who exhibited Broca's aphasia secondary to a left frontoparietal ischemic infarction. SFA was effective for improving confrontation naming and for generalized improvement to untreated pictures. However, no generalization to connected speech was seen on the measures of mean words per minute, mean correct information units per minute, or the percentage of all words that were correct information units.

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Crosson, Bruce, Amy D. Rodriguez, David Copland, et al. "Neuroplasticity and aphasia treatments: new approaches for an old problem." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 10 (2019): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-319649.

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Given the profound impact of language impairment after stroke (aphasia), neuroplasticity research is garnering considerable attention as means for eventually improving aphasia treatments and how they are delivered. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies indicate that aphasia treatments can recruit both residual and new neural mechanisms to improve language function and that neuroimaging modalities may hold promise in predicting treatment outcome. In relatively small clinical trials, both non-invasive brain stimulation and behavioural manipulations targeting activation or suppression of specific cortices can improve aphasia treatment outcomes. Recent language interventions that employ principles consistent with inducing neuroplasticity also are showing improved performance for both trained and novel items and contexts. While knowledge is rapidly accumulating, larger trials emphasising how to select optimal paradigms for individualised aphasia treatment are needed. Finally, a model of how to incorporate the growing knowledge into clinical practice could help to focus future research.

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Fridriksson, Julius, and Argye Elizabeth Hillis. "Current Approaches to the Treatment of Post-Stroke Aphasia." Journal of Stroke 23, no. 2 (2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5853/jos.2020.05015.

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Aphasia, impairment of language after stroke or other neurological insult, is a common and often devastating condition that affects nearly every social activity and interaction. Behavioral speech and language therapy is the mainstay of treatment, although other interventions have been introduced to augment the effects of the behavioral therapy. In this narrative review, we discuss advances in aphasia therapy in the last 5 years and focus primarily on properly powered, randomized, controlled trials of both behavioral therapies and interventions to augment therapy for post-stroke aphasia. These trials include evaluation of behavioral therapies and computer-delivered language therapies. We also discuss outcome prediction trials as well as interventional trials that have employed noninvasive brain stimulation, or medications to augment language therapy. Supported by evidence from Phase III trials and large meta-analyses, it is now generally accepted that aphasia therapy can improve language processing for many patients. Not all patients respond similarly to aphasia therapy with the most severe patients being the least likely responders. Nevertheless, it is imperative that all patients, regardless of severity, receive aphasia management focused on direct therapy of language deficits, counseling, or both. Emerging evidence from Phase II trials suggests transcranial brain stimulation is a promising method to boost aphasia therapy outcomes.

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Katsari, Marina, Georgia Angelopoulou, Nikolaos Laskaris, Constantin Potagas, and Dimitrios Kasselimis. "Common Neuroanatomical Substrate of Cholinergic Pathways and Language-Related Brain Regions as an Explanatory Framework for Evaluating the Efficacy of Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy in Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Review." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101273.

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Despite the relative scarcity of studies focusing on pharmacotherapy in aphasia, there is evidence in the literature indicating that remediation of language disorders via pharmaceutical agents could be a promising aphasia treatment option. Among the various agents used to treat chronic aphasic deficits, cholinergic drugs have provided meaningful results. In the current review, we focused on published reports investigating the impact of acetylcholine on language and other cognitive disturbances. It has been suggested that acetylcholine plays an important role in neuroplasticity and is related to several aspects of cognition, such as memory and attention. Moreover, cholinergic input is diffused to a wide network of cortical areas, which have been associated with language sub-processes. This could be a possible explanation for the positive reported outcomes of cholinergic drugs in aphasia recovery, and specifically in distinct language processes, such as naming and comprehension, as well as overall communication competence. However, evidence with regard to functional alterations in specific brain areas after pharmacotherapy is rather limited. Finally, despite the positive results derived from the relevant studies, cholinergic pharmacotherapy treatment in post-stroke aphasia has not been widely implemented. The present review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature in the common neuroanatomical substrate of cholinergic pathways and language related brain areas as a framework for interpreting the efficacy of cholinergic pharmacotherapy interventions in post-stroke aphasia, following an integrated approach by converging evidence from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology.

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Zhou, Rong, Ying Lv, and Chuhan Fu. "The Recovery Mechanism of Standardized Aphasia in Intelligent Medical Treatment." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (March 20, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5885860.

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A total of 35 patients with aphasia after cerebral infarct were included. Among them, 15 conjunctures were sensory (Wernicke’s) aphasia and 20 cases were motor (Broca) aphasia. Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) were performed on the attached hard area to measure the local cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and sectional cerebral blood compass (rCBV), mean conveyance tense (MTT), point delay (TTP), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr)), and lactic acidic (lactate, Lac) and generally a relative analysis. Results. Among the patients with contaminative aphasia, rCBF was way diminished in the contralateral mirror extent. MTT and TTP were significantly longer than the contralateral mirror range, NAA and Cho were sullenness than the contralateral side, and the Lac peak appeared. The distinction was statistically taken (P < 0.05). Compared with the contralateral mirror circumference, motor aphasia was significantly reduced in rCBF and rCBV, and MTT and TTP were way prolonged. NAA and Cho were reduced compared with the contralateral side, and the Lac peak appeared. The dispute was statistically momentous (P < 0.05). Conclusion. After cerebral infarction, the language cosine extent of patients with aphasia bestows a rank of hypoperfusion and light metabolism, suggesting that it may be the pathogeny of aphasia.

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Raymer, Anastasia M. "Treatment of adynamia in aphasia." Frontiers in Bioscience 8, no. 6 (2003): s845–851. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/1142.

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Bakheit, AMO. "Drug treatment of poststroke aphasia." Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 4, no. 2 (2004): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.4.2.211.

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Gupta, S. R., A. G. Mlcoch, C. Scolaro, and T. Moritz. "Bromocriptine treatment of nonfluent aphasia." Neurology 45, no. 12 (1995): 2170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.12.2170.

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Pierce, Robert. "Linguistic Context and Aphasia Treatment." Seminars in Speech and Language 10, no. 04 (1989): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064272.

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Tanaka, Yutaka, Dalia Cahana-Amitay, Martin Albert, Koji Fujita, Nonaka Chieko, and Masao Miyazaki. "Treatment of Anxiety in Aphasia." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 6 (2010): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.08.126.

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David, Rachel. "Assessment and treatment of aphasia." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 7, no. 1 (1991): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013614-199109000-00007.

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Hinckley, Jackie. "Outcomes of Intensive Aphasia Treatment." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 12, no. 1 (2002): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld12.1.39.

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Avent, Jan. "Reciprocal Scaffolding Treatment for Aphasia." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 14, no. 2 (2004): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld14.2.15.

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Beeson, Pélagie M., Kindle Rising, and Jennifer Volk. "Writing Treatment for Severe Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 5 (2003): 1038–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/083).

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Writing treatment that involved repeated copying and recall of target words was implemented with 8 individuals with severe aphasia in order to discern the best candidates for the treatment. Four of the 8 participants had strong positive responses to the copy and recall treatment (CART), relearning spellings for 15 targeted words during 10 to 12 weeks of treatment and up to 5 additional words during a month-long homework-based program. Of the 4 other participants, 3 learned the spellings of some target words but failed to reach criterion, and 1 had a poor treatment outcome. Insights regarding possible factors that limited success were gained by examination of individual responses to treatment as well as performance on the pretreatment assessments of semantic, phonological, and orthographic processes. Among the factors associated with success were (a) consistent, accurate completion of daily homework, (b) a relatively preserved semantic system, (c) the ability to discern words from nonwords, and (d) adequately preserved nonverbal visual problem-solving skills. Aphasia severity and minimal pretreatment spelling abilities did not necessarily limit the response to treatment. Participants with positive treatment outcomes demonstrated improved spelling of target words following repeated copying within a single treatment session, and accurately completed daily writing homework. Thus, pretreatment assessment and stimulability within initial treatment sessions provided indications of likely outcome.

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Wolfe, Gary R. "Microcomputers and treatment of aphasia." Aphasiology 1, no. 2 (1987): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038708248829.

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Loverso, F. L. "Aphasia group treatment, a commentary." Aphasiology 5, no. 6 (1991): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039108248563.

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Small, Steven L. "The Future of Aphasia Treatment." Brain and Language 71, no. 1 (2000): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brln.1999.2256.

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Small, Steven L., and Daniel A. Llano. "Biological approaches to aphasia treatment." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 9, no. 6 (2009): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-009-0066-x.

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Gupta, Sudha R., and Anthony G. Mlcoch. "Bromocriptine treatment of nonfluent aphasia." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 73, no. 4 (1992): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(92)90012-l.

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Albert, Martin L. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Aphasia." JAMA 259, no. 7 (1988): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720070043032.

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Albert, Martin L. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Aphasia." JAMA 259, no. 8 (1988): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720080039026.

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HILLIS, ARGYE E. "Treatment of naming disorders: New issues regarding old therapies." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4, no. 6 (1998): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561779846613x.

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I report a series of single case studies involving an aphasic patient, H.G., which illustrates both the usefulness and the limitations of cognitive neuropsychological models and methods in aphasia rehabilitation. The first set of experiments analyze H.G.'s pattern of performance across lexical tasks in order to identify the loci of her damage to the cognitive mechanisms underlying the tasks of naming, comprehension, repetition, reading, and spelling. The second set of studies evaluates her response to two different types of treatment and identifies a few of the variables that influence the effectiveness of treatment. (JINS, 1998, 4, 648–660.)

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Waldowski, Konrad, Joanna Seniów, Marcin Leśniak, Szczepan Iwański, and Anna Członkowska. "Effect of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Naming Abilities in Early-Stroke Aphasic Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/518568.

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Background and Purpose. Functional brain imaging studies with aphasia patients have shown increased cortical activation in the right hemisphere language homologues, which hypothetically may represent a maladaptive strategy that interferes with aphasia recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the Broca’s homologues in combination with speech/language therapy improves naming in early-stroke aphasia patients.Methods. 26 right-handed aphasic patients in the early stage (up to 12 weeks) of a first-ever left hemisphere ischemic stroke were randomized to receive speech and language therapy combined with real or sham rTMS. Prior to each 45-minute therapeutic session (15 sessions, 5 days a week), 30 minutes of 1-Hz rTMS was applied. Outcome measures were obtained at baseline, immediately after 3 weeks of experimental treatment and 15 weeks; posttreatment using the Computerized Picture Naming Test.Results. Although both groups significantly improved their naming abilities after treatment, no significant differences were noted between the rTMS and sham stimulation groups. The additional analyses have revealed that the rTMS subgroup with a lesion including the anterior part of language area showed greater improvement primarily in naming reaction time 15 weeks after completion of the therapeutic treatment. Improvement was also demonstrated in functional communication abilities.Conclusions. Inhibitory rTMS of the unaffected right inferior frontal gyrus area in combination with speech and language therapy cannot be assumed as an effective method for all poststroke aphasia patients. The treatment seems to be beneficial for patients with frontal language area damage, mostly in the distant time after finishing rTMS procedure.

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Wallace, Sarah J., Linda Worrall, Tanya Rose, et al. "A core outcome set for aphasia treatment research: The ROMA consensus statement." International Journal of Stroke 14, no. 2 (2018): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493018806200.

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Background A core outcome set (COS; an agreed, minimum set of outcomes) was needed to address the heterogeneous measurement of outcomes in aphasia treatment research and to facilitate the production of transparent, meaningful, and efficient outcome data. Objective The Research Outcome Measurement in Aphasia (ROMA) consensus statement provides evidence-based recommendations for the measurement of outcomes for adults with post-stroke aphasia within phases I–IV aphasia treatment studies. Methods This statement was informed by a four-year program of research, which comprised investigation of stakeholder-important outcomes using consensus processes, a scoping review of aphasia outcome measurement instruments, and an international consensus meeting. This paper provides an overview of this process and presents the results and recommendations arising from the international consensus meeting. Results Five essential outcome constructs were identified: Language, communication, patient-reported satisfaction with treatment and impact of treatment, emotional wellbeing, and quality of life. Consensus was reached for the following measurement instruments: Language: The Western Aphasia Battery Revised (WAB-R) (74% consensus); emotional wellbeing: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 (83% consensus); quality of life: Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) (96% consensus). Consensus was unable to be reached for measures of communication (where multiple measures exist) or patient-reported satisfaction with treatment or impact of treatment (where no measures exist). Discussion Harmonization of the ROMA COS with other core outcome initiatives in stroke rehabilitation is discussed. Ongoing research and consensus processes are outlined. Conclusion The WAB-R, GHQ-12, and SAQOL-39 are recommended to be routinely included within phases I–IV aphasia treatment studies. This consensus statement has been endorsed by the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists, the British Aphasiology Society, the German Society for Aphasia Research and Therapy, and the Royal College of Speech Language Therapists.

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Yang, Shengping, Li Li, Rong Jiang, et al. "Tongue Acupuncture for the Treatment of Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4731074.

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Objective. This review evaluated the efficacy of tongue acupuncture for the clinical treatment of poststroke aphasia. Methods. PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched from their inception to 1st June 2022. The dataset included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with tongue acupuncture for the treatment of poststroke aphasia. Data aggregation and risk of bias evaluation were conducted on Review Manager Version 5.4.1 and Stata16.0. The main outcome measures included the Aphasia Battery of Chinese (ABC), the Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP), the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE), and clinical efficiency. Then, comparing the effectiveness of tongue acupuncture, tongue acupuncture combined with conventional therapies, conventional therapies with head acupuncture, language training, body acupuncture, and Jie Yu Dan. Results. A total of 20 studies with 1355 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatments, tongue acupuncture has a significant improvement in clinical efficacy score (MD = 1.25, 95% CI (1.09, 1.43), P = 0.001 ) and CFCP of poststroke aphasia (MD = 39.78, 95% CI (26.59, 52.97), P < 0.00001 ), but was not significant in improving ABC (MD = 5.95, 95% CI (2.85, 9.04), P = 0.06 ). Compared to the conventional treatments, tongue acupuncture combined with conventional therapies promoted the ABC (MD = 11.48, 95% CI (2.20, 20.75), P < 0.00001 ), clinical efficacy score (MD = 1.22, 95% CI (1.14, 1.30), P < 0.00001 ), and CFCP score (MD = 29.80, 95% CI (19.08, 40.52), P < 0.00001 ) of poststroke aphasia. Conclusion. This systematic review indicated that tongue acupuncture or tongue acupuncture combined with conventional treatments was an effective therapy for treating poststroke aphasia. However, stricter evaluation standards and rigorously designed RCTs are needed.

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Silkes, JoAnn P. "Masked Repetition Priming Treatment for Anomia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 3 (2018): 690–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0192.

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Purpose Masked priming has been suggested as a way to directly target implicit lexical retrieval processes in aphasia. This study was designed to investigate repeated use of masked repetition priming to improve picture naming in individuals with anomia due to aphasia. Method A single-subject, multiple-baseline design was used across 6 people with aphasia. Training involved repeated exposure to pictures that were paired with masked identity primes or sham primes. Two semantic categories were trained in series for each participant. Analyses assessed treatment effects, generalization within and across semantic categories, and effects on broader language skills, immediately and 3 months after treatment. Results Four of the 6 participants improved in naming trained items immediately after treatment. Improvements were generally greater for items that were presented in training with masked identity primes than items that were presented repeatedly during training with masked sham primes. Generalization within and across semantic categories was limited. Generalization to broader language skills was inconsistent. Conclusion Masked repetition priming may improve naming for some individuals with anomia due to aphasia. A number of methodological and theoretical insights into further development of this treatment approach are discussed.

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Simmons-Mackie, Nina, Jack S. Damico, and Holly L. Damico. "A Qualitative Study of Feedback in Aphasia Treatment." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 8, no. 3 (1999): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0803.218.

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A qualitative research study was completed using ethnographic and conversation analysis methodologies to explore characteristics and functions of feedback in traditional aphasia treatment sessions. The investigators identified and described multiple functions of clinician feedback based on analysis of 15 aphasia treatment sessions. Feedback not only provided general motivation and shaped targeted language behavior, but also assisted in establishing the discourse structure of treatment and in managing important interactional aspects of the exchange. Understanding the multiple roles of feedback in treatment interactions might help clinicians improve the efficiency and effectiveness of aphasia treatment and assist in training student clinicians.

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