Academic literature on the topic 'API 20E'
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Journal articles on the topic "API 20E"
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Topic Popovic, N., R. Coz-Rakovac, and I. Strunjak-Perovic. "Commercial phenotypic tests (API 20E) in diagnosis of fish bacteria: a review." Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 2 (2008): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2058-vetmed.
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The available data concerning rapid identification of fish bacteria via commercial phenotypic tests demonstrate that there is no agreement regarding the choice of the tests. However, API 20E, an identification system for Enterobacteriaceae and other non-fastidious Gram-negative rods developed for clinical specimens, seems to be increasingly used for the identification of fish pathogens. In this review, adaptation of API 20E for fish bacterial isolates and its distinctiveness for fish bacteria was assessed. Some strains are wrongly identified because they are not included in the database of API 20E system. API 20E reactions should be compared with the diagnostic schemes based on reactions in conventional phenotypic tests. Due to their significance for fish health and impact on the aquaculture, and because of the need for their rapid identification, some important fish bacteria should be included in the API 20E system, such as <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>.
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Patyka, V., L. Butsenko, and L. Pasichnyk. "Application of commercial test-systems to identify gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria." Agricultural Science and Practice 3, no. 1 (2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp3.01.043.
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Aim. To validate the suitability of commercial API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) for the identifi cation and characterization of facultative gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial isolates. Methods. Conventional mi- crobiological methods, API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Re- sults. The identifi cation results for Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pantoea agglome- rans isolates were derived from the conventional and API 20E test systems, which, were in line with the literature data for these species. The API 20E test-system showed high suitability for P. agglomerans isolates identifi cation. Although not all the species of facultatively anaerobic phytopathogenic bacteria may be identi- fi ed using API 20E test-system, its application will surely allow obtaining reliable data about their physiologi- cal and biochemical properties, valuable for identifi cation of bacteria, in the course of 24 h. Conclusions. The results of tests, obtained for investigated species while using API 20E test-system, and those of conventional microbiological methods coincided. The application of API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) ensures fast obtain- ing of important data, which may be used to identify phytopathogenic bacteria of Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Pantoea genera.
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Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Zafindrasoa Domoina, Lalaina Rahajamanana, Lalaina Rakotondraoelina, et al. "Comparison of Bis NEG-D and API 20E for the Identification of Gram-negative Bacilli in the Laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 5 (2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.5.286.
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In medical analysis laboratories, techniques for identifying bacteria are currently becoming more and more numerous. The objective of this study is to compare the 2 bacterial identification systems Bis NEG-D and Api 20E for the identification of gram-negative bacilli. This is a qualitative evaluation of the Bis NEG-D compared to the gold standard Api 20E. During the study period, 32 Gram-negative bacilli isolates were identified simultaneously using Api 20E and Bis NEG-D. The samples are represented by 12 (37.5%) blood samples for blood culture, 12 (37.5%) urine samples for cytobacteriological examination of the urine, 06 (18.8%) pus samples for bacteriological examination of pus, a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid (3.1%) and a vaginal sample (3.1%).The bacteria identified were represented by Enterobacter spp, Escherichia col,i Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella spp, Salmonella typhi, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus mirabilis, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Bukholderia cepacia. This study showed a concordance of 90.6% (29/32) and a discordance of 9.4% (3/32) between the results of Api 20E and Bis NEG-D. Concerning the probability scores, they vary between 95% to 100% for Api 20E and between 79.3% to 100% for Bis NEG-D. This study also compared the pros and cons of using Api 20 E and Bis NEG-D. The Bis-NEG-D is valid and can be used by medical analysis laboratories like the Api 20E, especially if these laboratories do not need to perform a lot of bacterial identification tests.
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Rennie, R. J. "The API 20B microtube system to aid in the identification of N2-fixing Bacillaceae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 6 (1987): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-084.
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N2-fixing bacterial isolates from soil have been identified successfully using the API 20E and 50E microtubes in conjunction with a computer-assisted biochemical profile search. The 20E and 50E result in few positive tests with N2-fixing Bacillaceae. Recently, a new battery of 20 microtube tests, the 20B, has been introduced for identifying aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural environments. This system was compared with the 20E and evaluated for N2-fixing bacillus species from soil. It was then used in conjunction with guanine-plus-cytosine analysis to identify the C-11-25 (5DN+) bacillus strain that fixes N2 in association with Canadian wheat cultivars. The API 20E and 20B gave similar results for many biochemical tests, but the 20E resulted in negative tests for carbohydrate utilization by bacillus strains. The use of different growth media or 0.85% NaCl to suspend these bacteria prior to inoculating the cupules did not alter the inability of the 20E in this manner. Carbohydrate utilization in the 20B system agreed well with that in the traditional utilization tests. Hence, I concluded that the API 20E is not suitable to evaluate carbohydrate utilization in N2-fixing Bacillaceae. The spore-forming, acetylene-reducing C-11-25 strain of bacillus was biochemically similar to the ATCC type culture of Bacillus polymyxa (strain 842). Its guanine-plus-cytosine ratio of 48.0 mol% was similar to that of B. polymyxa (43–46 mol%). A general procedure for the isolation and identification of N2-fixing Bacillus from soil is proposed.
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Neubauer, Heinrich, Thomas Sauer, Heinz Becker, Stojanca Aleksic, and Hermann Meyer. "Comparison of Systems for Identification and Differentiation of Species within the GenusYersinia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 11 (1998): 3366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.11.3366-3368.1998.
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Of four tested identification systems (API 20E, API Rapid 32 IDE, Micronaut E, and the PCR-based Yersinia enterocoliticaAmplification Set), API 20E is still the system of choice for identifying pathogenic Yersinia isolates. It provides the highest sensitivity both at the genus and at the species level and has the best cost-effectiveness correlation.
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Artati, Diah, and Moh Oman. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila MENGGUNAKAN KIT API 20 E DI LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI BRPI SUKAMANDI." Buletin Teknik Litkayasa Akuakultur 18, no. 1 (2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/blta.18.1.2020.75-80.
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Metode identifikasi bakteri dapat dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi sel, uji aktivitas biokimia, analisis DNA, dan uji serologis. Identifikasi bakteri melalui pengamatan aktivitas biokimia saat ini bisa lebih mudah dengan menggunakan kit API (Analytical Profile Index). API 20E berguna untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan subspesies Enterobacteriaceae dan identifikasi kelompok serta spesies mikroorganisme non fermentatif. Kegiatan identifikasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan sampel ATCC 35654 menggunakan kit API 20E dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Riset Pemuliaan Ikan, Sukamandi dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan KIT API 20 E dalam mengidentifikasi ATCC 35654 yang akan digunakan sebagai jaminan mutu pengujian dalam kegiatan identifikasi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Tahap-tahap pengujian yang dikerjakan meliputi uji oksidase, preparasi strip kit API 20E, preparasi inokulum dan proses inokulasi pada strip, pembacaan strip, penambahan reagen, dan proses pengisian data menggunakan Software. Kit API 20 E mampu mengidentifikasi ATCC 35654 sebagai bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan %ID sebesar 91,5 dan ATCC 35654 dapat digunakan sebagai jaminan mutu pengujian dalam kegiatan identifikasi Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Atanasova, Iliana, Petia Kabadjova, Nevena Bogatzevska, and Penka Moncheva. "New Host Plants of Erwinia amylovora in Bulgaria." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 11-12 (2005): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-11-1212.
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Nine strains of Erwinia amylovora were isolated from new host plants in Bulgaria D chokeberry and strawberry. The strains were characterized morphologically and biochemically using the API 20E and BIOLOG system. It was established that they showed three different API 20E metabolic profiles, not found by previous studies of E. amylovora. All strains were identified as E. amylovora due to their metabolic fingerprint patterns obtained by the BIOLOG system. The identification was confirmed by PCR amplification of a specific region of plasmid pEA29 and genome ams-region. This study is the first characterization and identification of E. amylovora strains isolated from chokeberry and strawberry by the API 20E and BIOLOG system and by polymerase chain reaction.
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Sharma, N. K., P. W. Doyle, S. A. Gerbasi, and J. H. Jessop. "Identification of Yersinia species by the API 20E." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28, no. 6 (1990): 1443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.28.6.1443-1444.1990.
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Chang, Miwha, Haeyong Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Won-Hae Lee, Chong Min Choung та Seohyun Moon. "부검체 유래의 Escherichia coli와 Shigella spp. 동정을 위한 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열, API 20E 및 RT-PCR 분석법의 비교". Korean Academy of Scientific Criminal Investigation 16, № 3 (2022): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20297/jsci.2022.16.3.163.
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Practical techniques to differentiate Escherichia coli from Shigella spp. remains underexplored in the field of forensic microbiology. We aimed to compare the performance of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and two commercially available API 20E and RT-PCR systems to distinguish between E. coli and Shigella spp. on the basis of analysis of 24 isolates collected from 12 forensic autopsies to evaluate the level of species identification. The accuracy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing at the species level was ranged from 16.7% to 33.3%. However, 79.2% (19/24) were unidentified, even though analyzed using three distinct databases (MicroSEQ 500 library, BLAST, EzTaxon). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing could not differentiate Shigella spp. and E. coli. Of the 19 isolates, the API 20E showed complete identification of 78.9% (15/19) at the species level, whereas RT-PCR analysis showed complete identification of 19 isolates (100%) at the species level. Our comparison analyses revealed that only 16S rRNA gene sequencing is not enough to differentiate E. coli and Shigella spp., and the accuracy and rapidity order was as follows: RT-PCR >API 20E>standard analysis. These results suggest that the polyphasic strategy with the standard analysis and RT-PCR or API 20E techniques are ideal for differentiation of these microbes.
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Artati, Diah, Mohammad Oman, Supriyanto Supriyanto, Dede Sukarta, and Adam Robisalmi. "Validation of Analytical Method for Aeromonas hydrophila Identification using Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E KIT Method." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 7, no. 1 (2024): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol7.iss1.2024.88-104.
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The high demand for fish consumption has an impact on increasing aquaculture productivity and causes the vulnerability of increasing bacterial populations in aquaculture fields, so more rapid handling is needed. The use of phenotypic KIT methods (API 20E) has been applied as a targeted and efficient identification support in targeting better bacterial identification accuracy but often provides unequal results. Method validation is one of the general requirements for the competence of a laboratory evaluation: to provide coherent, interpretable, and accurate results with known uncertainties. The purpose of this study was to validate the API 20E KIT method for the identification of A. hydrophila. The conventional method used as a reference is SNI 7303.1:2015. The validation parameters consisted of determining the limit of detection, sensitivity, and specificity tests, as well as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The results showed that the limit of the detection value of the API 20E KIT was at a concentration of 100 CFU/mL with an ID of 99.00%. The sensitivity and specificity values in the positive and negative target samples were 100% with a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 0%, respectively. In conclusion, the API 20E KIT method as an alternative test method or rapid test was proven valid for identifying A. hydrophila by the test results using the reference method.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "API 20E"
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Chae-Duporge, Okyang. "L'espace non-agi dans l'oeuvre de Lee Ufan." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040070.
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Cette thèse constitue une monographie sur Lee Ufan (artiste coréen né en 1936) dans laquelle nous mettons l'accent sur la présence de la partie non-peinte et non-faite dans son travail, que nous appelons " l'espace non-agi ". Cette expression insiste sur l'intervention minimum de l'artiste et englobe autant l'espace pictural que l'espace sculptural. Sous cet angle, nous proposons un aperçu de l'évolution de l'œuvre de Lee Ufan, consacrant une partie importante à sa période Mono-ha -mouvement japonais (1968-1973?) dont il a été à la fois le théoricien et l'artiste majeur- pendant laquelle l'idée de non-agir apparaît dans son travail. A travers l'examen de l'espace non-agi dans la peinture du XXe siècle, nous cherchons également à situer dans un contexte historique plus général la démarche de Lee Ufan qui finit par dialoguer avec l'extérieur<br>This thesis is a monograph on Lee Ufan (a Korean artist born in 1936) in which we focus on the presence of the unpainted, undone part in his work, which we term ‘untouched space'. This expression emphasises the artist's minimal intervention and encompasses pictorial space as well as sculptural space. From this standpoint, we propose an overview of the development of Lee Ufan's work, devoting a substantial section to his Mono-ha period – Mono-ha being a Japanese movement (1968-1973?) of which he was both the theorist and a leading artist – during which the idea of non-action first appeared in his work. In a review of untouched space in 20th century painting, we also attempt to place Lee Ufan's approach within a broader historical context, as it eventually enters into a dialogue with the outside world
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Donato, Silvia Tavares. "ComparaÃÃo de mÃtodos convencionais e semi-automatizados para identificaÃÃo de Enterococcus spp.frente à biologia molecular em identificaÃÃes discrepantes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1483.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Os Enterococcus sÃo cocos Gram-positivos catalase-negativos, habitantes do trato gastrintestinal e geniturinÃrio. SÃo identificados por meios manuais baseados no clÃssico de Facklam, por sistemas semi-automatizados, automatizados e por Biologia Molecular. Em vista da diversidade de mÃtodos de identificaÃÃo e com o intuito de se verificar a concordÃncia entre alguns mÃtodos, foi realizada identificaÃÃo de 62 cepas bacterianas, advindas da coleÃÃo do Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica (CEMM) da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Brasil, presumidamente identificadas como Enterococcus sp. e Enterococcus faecalis pelo esquema de Facklam. Este estudo iniciou-se com a identificaÃÃo por trÃs mÃtodos manuais: esquema de facklam e dois modificados deste - Modificado 1 e Modificado 2 - e semi-automatizado â API 20 Strep. Para a definiÃÃo de resultados discordantes, recorreu-se ao semi-automatizado â BBL â e à Biologia Molecular â PCR. O esquema de Facklam identificou 16% (10) como cepas do gÃnero Enterococcus sp. e 84% (52) como E. faecalis. O esquema Modificado 1 apresentou a seguinte identificaÃÃo: 82,2% (51) E. faecalis, 9,7% (6) E. mundtii, e 8,1% (5) E. gallinarum. O Modificado 2 identificou 98,4% (61) E. faecalis e 1,6% (1) E. gallinarum. O API 20 Strep identificou 51,6% (32) E. faecalis, 19,4% (12) A viridans, 13,0% (8) E. avium, 4,8% (3) S. agalactiae, 3,2% (2) E. faecium, 1,6% (1) S. acidominimus, 1,6% (1) Leuconoctocc sp., 1,6% (1) S. uberis, 1,6% (1) A. adiacens e 1,6% (1) InaceitÃvel. Foram selecionadas 10 amostras (cepas nÂs 05, 13, 15, 20, 27, 31, 32, 33, 50 e 60), que apresentaram resultados discordantes entre os sistemas Modificado 1, Modificado 2 e API 20 Strep para serem identificadas pelo BBL Crystal e por PCR. O BBL identificou 6 amostras como E. faecium, inclusive a cepa-controle E. faecalis ATCC 29212 e nÃo identificou 4 amostras. Na PCR, uma amostra nÃo amplificou e 9 foram identificadas como Streptococcus spp.. Uma amostra apresentou-se positiva para o gÃnero Enterococcus, mas nÃo para a espÃcie E. faecalis e 1 (uma) amplificou para a espÃcie S. agalactiae. Nenhuma das amostras se apresentou positiva para a espÃcie E. gallinarum. A amostra-controle â E. faecalis ATCC 29212 - foi amplificada corretamente. Com a anÃlise dos resultados, verificou-se que houve concordÃncia de identificaÃÃo das 62 cepas em 84% das amostras entre os sistemas manuais (Facklam, Modificado 1 e Modificado 2) e em 52% das amostras entre os sistemas manuais e semi-automatizado (API 20 Strep). Nas 10 amostras com resultados discrepantes, nÃo houve concordÃncia de identificaÃÃo entre os sistemas manuais, API 20 Strep e o BBL. A PCR concordou com os sistemas manuais e o BBL e foi discordante do API 20 Strep, em gÃnero, em 01 amostra. Correlacionando a PCR com o API 20 Strep, houve concordÃncia, em gÃnero, em 01 amostra e foi discordante dos demais sistemas. Para aumentar a sensibilidade de identificaÃÃo de Enterococcus spp. devem ser utilizados pelo menos dois mÃtodos com testes fenotÃpicos. Amostras com identificaÃÃes discordantes devem ser reidentificadas por PCR<br>The Enterococcus are Gram-positive cocci catalase negative - which inhabit the gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract. They are identified manually and the procedure is based on the classic of Facklam, by semi-authomatized and automatized systems as well as by Molecular Biology. Due to the diversity of identification methods and aiming to verify the concordance among some methods, it was accomplished the identification of 62 bacteria strains proceeding from the collection of the Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica (CEMM) of the Federal University of CearÃ, in Brazil. They were presumably identified as Enterococcus sp. e Enterococcus faecalis by the Facklam scheme. This study was begun with the identification for two manual methods, modified from the Facklam scheme â Modified 1 and Modified 2- and semi-automatized â API 20 Strep. For the inconsistent results definition we used the semi-automatized â BBL and the Molecular Biology- PRC. The Franklin scheme identified 16% (10) as strains of the genre Enterococcus sp. and 52% (84) as E. faecalis. The Modified Scheme 1 presented the following identification: 82, 2% (51) E. faecalis, 9, 7% (6) E. mundtii and 8, 1% (5) E. gallinarum. The Modified 2 identified 98, 4% (61) E. faecalis and 1, 6% (1) E. gallinarum. The API 20 Strep identified 51,6% (32) E. faecalis, 19,4% (12) A viridans, 13,0% (8) E. avium, 4,8% (3) S. agalactiae, 3,2% (2) E. faecium, 1,6% (1) S. acidominimus, 1,6% (1) Leuconoctocc sp., 1,6% (1) S. uberis, 1,6% (1) A. adiacens and1,6% (1) unacceptable. It was made the selection of 10 sample (strains), among them, the ones numbered (05, 13, 15, 20, 27, 31, 32, 33, 50 and 60), which presented discordant results among the systems Modified 1, Modified 2 and API 20 Strep to be identified by BBL Crystal and by PCR. The BBL identified 6 samples as E. faecium, including the control- strain E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and did not identify 4 samples. In the PCR, one sample did not amplify and 9 were identified as Streptococcus spp. One sample was identified as positive for the genre Enterococcus, but it did not for the species E. faecalis and 1 (one) was amplified for the species S. agalactiae. None of the samples presented were positive for the species E. gallinarum. The control-sample â E. faecalis ATCC 29212 â was correctly amplified. With the analysis of the results, it was noticed that there was identification concordance of the 62 strains in 84% of the samples among the manual systems (Facklam, Modified 1 and Modified 2) and in 52% of the samples among the manual and semi-automatized systems (API 20 Strep). In 10 samples with disagreeing results there was no identification concordance among the manual systems, API 20 Strep and the BBL. A PCR agreed with the manual systems and the BBL and did not agree with the API 20 step, in genre, in one sample. Correlating the PCR with the API 20 Strep, there was agreement, in genre, in 01 sample and disagreement with the other systems
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Ouali, Abderrhamaner. "Présence lamartinienne dans la poésie de Ali Mahmud Taha." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040205.
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Cette recherche se propose d'étudier les traces lamartiniennes dans la poésie de Ali Mahmud Taha, l'un des poètes arabes contemporains, redevables au romantisme français<br>This thesis consists to study lamartinian presence in the poetry of Ali Mahmud Taha, one of Arabic contemporaries poets who is influenced by French romanticism
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Williams, Catrin Haf. "'I am He' : a study of the biblical, targumic and rabbinic interpretations of [ani hu], and its implications for an assessment of the absolute usage of [egō eimi] in the New Testament." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627552.
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Nakazato, Makiko. "Une autre chronique du XXe siècle : la représentation du réel dans quatre romans de Raymond Queneau (Pierrot mon ami, Le Dimanche de la vie, Zazie dans le métro et Les Fleurs bleues)." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20012.
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Dans ses romans, Raymond Queneau décrit la réalité historique du 20e siècle d'un point de vue original en même temps qu'il signale expressément la facticité et la fausseté du monde romanesque. Si l'on peut considérer son œuvre comme une sorte de chronique française du 20e siècle, sa réalisation est remise en cause à mesure qu'elle se développe. Le mouvement créateur conflictuel et contradictoire de Queneau s'explique en partie par sa méfiance à l'égard du langage. Conscient des limites du langage, l'écrivain s'efforce d'établir une nouvelle forme d'écriture romanesque qui permet au réel de se manifester. Il faut également noter que le regard de Queneau jeté sur la réalité est inévitablement conditionné par la situation contemporaine du champ intellectuel. Son œuvre nous enseigne que le roman ne reproduit jamais le monde réel, mais que seule la fiction romanesque permet à la réalité historique de s'affirmer<br>In his novels, Raymond Queneau describes the historical reality of the 20th century from original point of view, and at the same time expressly announces the factitiousness and the falseness of the romantic world. If one can regard his work as a kind of chronicle of the 20th century-France, his effort and achievement itself raises the question about the authority of the chronicle. The creative movement of Queneau, which connoting conflict and contradiction, can be explained partly by his unbelief on the language. Since the author is aware of the limitation of the language, he gropes the new style of writing by citing incontinuous signifiants and let them taking form of the reality itself. It should also be noted that the Quneau's glance to the reality is inevitably limited by the situation of contemporary intellectual field. His work shows us that the novel never represents the real world, but rather the romantic fiction constitutes the historical reality
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DI, GIOIA ALBERTO. "Prospettive di sviluppo dei sistemi urbani delle Alpi. Analisi spaziale del ruolo dei servizi." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2500009.
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La ricerca ha come primo obiettivo il miglioramento della conoscenza dei sistemi urbani regionali nelle Alpi. Si parte dalla constatazione che, essendo dai centri urbani che crescono le opportunità di sviluppo regionale (in relazione certo alla gerarchia ed alla specializzazione funzionale), è dal miglioramento della conoscenza di questa dimensione che possono porsi libere prospettive di sviluppo dei territori. In particolare si è approfondita, in primo luogo, la conoscenza intorno alla struttura dei sistemi urbani regionali attraverso l’uso di metodologie di analisi spaziale, in relazione agli insediamenti, all’accessibilità, alle dimensioni socio-economiche (popolazione residente, accessibile, occupazione, etc.). Alla luce delle recenti dinamiche socio-economiche e demografiche, approfondire questi aspetti è importante per comprendere le reali direzioni acquisite dal mutare dei territori e considerare i reali punti di forza e di debolezza, ovvero di marginalità o centralità dei singoli ambiti. In una seconda fase è stata approfondita la tematica dei servizi urbani, in relazione alla dotazione urbana e la tipologia di centri nel contesto italiano, che ha portato alla caratterizzazione dei bacini in un'ottica strategica. Importante uso dell'analisi spaziale con strumenti GIS.
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Perissinotto, Linda <1981>. "Utilizzo pratico e significato clinicopatologico delle frazioni escrete degli elettroliti nel riconoscimento del danno renale acuto (AKI) in diversi setting clinici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10219/1/TESI%20Linda%20Perissinotto%20UTILIZZO%20PRATICO%20E%20SIGNIFICATO%20CLINICOPATOLOGICO%20DELLE%20FRAZIONI%20ESCRETE%20DEGLI%20ELETTROLITI%20NEL%20RICONOSCIMENTO%20DEL%20DANNO%20RENALE%20ACUTO%20%28AKI%29%20IN%20DIVERSI%20SETTING%20CLINICI.pdf.
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Ricerche nel campo del danno renale acuto e frazioni urinarie escrete.
La prima parte verte sull’analisi dei dati provenienti da una casistica di cani con leptospirosi, sono stati confrontati due gruppi di cani, il primo con AKI da leptospirosi e l’altro con AKI per eziologie differenti. In queste due popolazioni di pazienti abbiamo valutato alcuni analiti sierici ed urinari come ad esempio l’escrezione elettrolitica frazionata e biomarker di AKI come NGAL. I cani con leptospirosi, hanno mostrato maggiore kaliuresi e più grave glicosuria rispetto a quelli non affetti da leptospirosi, così come erano più frequentemente glicosurici rispetto agli altri. Questi dati sono in analogia con quanto è riportato nell’uomo e dimostrano un pattern di danno tubulare tipico in corso di questa malattia se paragonato appunto ad altre cause di danno tubulare acuto e AKI
La seconda parte riguarda la valutazione della funzionalità renale e del danno renale acuto in cani affetti da insufficienza valvolare mitralica. E’ stata incentrata sul danno renale in corso di cardiopatie e per questa ragione abbiamo pensato di valutare esclusivamente pazienti con MVD per varie ragioni: poiché sono pazienti che si presentano frequentemente nella pratica clinica; la malattia è tipicamente cronica e il paziente rimane stabile a lungo con un andamento progressivo della malattia; questi pazienti possono presentare frequenti episodi di AKI legati allo scompenso cardiaco e/o alla terapia con diuretico 3/o ace-i che questi animali ricevono. Abbiamo valutato prospetticamente l'impatto della terapia orale con furosemide sulla chimica urinaria, nei cani con malattia della valvola mitrale mixomatosa. Tali differenze sono state attribuite all'effetto della terapia con furosemide sugli elettroliti renali. La chimica urinaria è utile per stimare la risposta diuretica nei cani con malattie cardiache.
I dati suggeriscono differenze significative tra i diversi stadi ACVIM con particolare riferimento all’escrezione elettrolitica di Sodio, Potassio e Cloro.<br>Research in the field of acute kidney injury and excreted urinary fractions.
The first part focuses on the analysis of data from a series of dogs with leptospirosis, two groups of dogs were compared, the first with AKI from leptospirosis and the other with AKI for different etiologies. In these two populations we evaluated some serum and urinary analytes such as fractional electrolyte excretion and biomarker of AKI such as NGAL. Dogs with leptospirosis showed greater kaliuresis and more severe glycosuria than those without leptospirosis, as well as were more frequently glycosuric than the others. These data are in analogy with what is reported in humans and demonstrate a typical tubular damage pattern in the course of this disease when compared to other causes of acute tubular damage and AKI.
The second part concerns the evaluation of renal function and AKI in dogs with mitral valve insufficiency. It focused on renal damage in the course of heart disease and for this reason we decided to exclusively evaluate patients with MVD for various reasons: they are patients who frequently present themselves in clinical practice; the disease is typically chronic and the patient remains stable for a long time with a progressive course of the disease; these patients may present with frequent episodes of AKI related to heart failure and / or to the 3 / or ace-i diuretic therapy these animals receive. We prospectively evaluated the impact of oral furosemide therapy on urinary chemistry in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. These differences have been attributed to the effect of furosemide therapy on renal electrolytes. Urinary chemistry is useful for estimating the diuretic response in dogs with heart disease.
The data suggest significant differences between the different ACVIM stages with particular reference to the electrolytic excretion of Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine.
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Dantas, Graciana Clecia. "Efeito da adi??o de colesterol e ecdisona na produ??o in vitro do baculov?rus spodoptera frugiperda MNPV." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15796.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-02<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>Among the pests that attack corn crop in Brazil, there is Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith,
1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm, which is the major corn pest. Due
to genetic instability during serial passage of baculoviruses in insect cell culture, the viral
bioinseticides in vitro production development is the greatest challenge for mass production
of this bioproduct. Successive passages of virus using extracellular viruses (BVs), necessary
during viral bioinseticides production scaling up, leads to the appearance of aberrant forms of
virus, a process so called as "passage effect ". The main consequence of passage effect is the
production of occlusion bodies (OB) decrease, preventing its production using in vitro
process. In this study, it was carried out a serial passage of baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, isolate 18, using Sf21 cells. A decrease in the production of
occlusion bodies from 170 to 92 in the third to fourth passage was observed. A factorial
experimental design (22) was employed to verify the influence of two input variables,
concentration of the hormone 20 - hydroxyecdysone (CH) and cholesterol (CC) on the values
of response variables (volumetric and the specific OB production) of the process, seeking to
define the optimum operating ranges trying to reverse or minimize the passage effect. The
result indicated a negative influence of the cholesterol addition and positive effect in the
hormone supplementation which the optimum range found for the concentrations studied
were 8 to 10μg/mL and 5 to 6.5 mg / mL, for cholesterol and hormone concentrations
respectively. New experiments were performed with addition of hormone and cholesterol in
order to check the influence of these additives on the OB production independently. While the
best result obtained from the factorial experiment was 9.4 x 107 OB/mL and 128.4 specific
OB/cell, with the addition of only 6μg/mL 20-hydroxyecdysone these concentrations
increased to 1.9 x 108 OB/mL and 182.9 OB/cell for volumetric and specific OB production,
respectively. This result confirms that the addition of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone
enhances the SfMNPV in vitro production process performance using Sf21 cells<br>Dentre as pragas que atacam a cultura do milho no Brasil, destaca-se a
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), conhecida no est?dio
larval como lagarta-do-cartucho, considerada a praga chave da cultura, alimentando-se da
planta em todas as suas fases de crescimento, principalmente dos cartuchos de plantas jovens.
Para seu controle, tem-se empregado inseticidas qu?micos de amplo espectro, o que tem
causado efeitos adversos ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Por essa raz?o, torna-se necess?ria a
busca de alternativas mais eficientes, de baixo custo e de f?cil utiliza??o, como o uso de
bioinseticidas, especialmente os baculov?rus. Devido ? instabilidade gen?tica durante a
passagem seriada de baculov?rus em cultivo de c?lulas de inseto, o desenvolvimento da
produ??o in vitro de bioinseticidas virais ? o maior desafio para a sua produ??o massal.
Passagens sucessivas de v?rus usando v?rus extracelulares (BVs), necess?rias para o aumento
de escala durante a produ??o de bioinseticida viral, leva ao aparecimento de formas
aberrantes de v?rus, processo conhecido como efeito de passagem . A principal consequ?ncia
do efeito passagem ? a diminui??o da produ??o de corpos de oclus?o (OB), inviabilizando
economicamente sua produ??o pelo processo in vitro. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a
passagem seriada do isolado 18 do baculov?rus Spodoptera frugiperda multiple
nucleopolyhedrovirus em c?lulas Sf21. Foi observada uma queda na produ??o de OB de 170
para 92 da terceira para quarta passagem. Um planejamento experimental fatorial (22) foi
empregado para verificar a influ?ncia de duas vari?veis de entrada, concentra??o de
horm?nio 20- Hidroxiecdisona (CH) e concentra??o de colesterol (CC), sobre os valores das
vari?veis de resposta do processo (produ??o volum?trica e produ??o espec?fica de OB),
procurando definir as faixas ?timas de opera??o para reverter ou minimizar o efeito
passagem. O resultado deste planejamento indicou influ?ncia negativa da adi??o do
colesterol e positiva na adi??o de horm?nio, onde as faixas ?timas encontradas para as
concentra??es estudadas foram: 8 a 10μg/mL e 5 a 6,5μg/mL, para as concentra??es de
colesterol e horm?nio, respectivamente. Novos experimentos foram realizados com a adi??o
individual de horm?nio e colesterol com a finalidade de verificar a influ?ncia destes
adjuvantes na produ??o de OB de forma independente. No planejamento experimental
obteve-se produ??o volum?trica de 9,4 x 107 OB/mL e espec?fica de 128,4 OB/c?lula.
Quando se adicionou 6 μg/mL de 20-Hidroxiecdisona, as concentra??es elevaram-se para 1,9
x 108 OB/mL e 182,9 OB/c?lula, indicando que a adi??o do horm?nio melhorou a efici?ncia
da produ??o in vitro de produ??o de SfMNPV em cultivos de c?lulas Sf21
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Sariçelik, Rahime. "Sabahattin Ali (1907-1948), défenseur d’une émancipation des hommes et des femmes ? : repenser les rapports de genre dans la littérature turque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG006.
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Notre travail de recherche traite des rapports de genre dans l’oeuvre de Sabahattin Ali, écrivain républicain (1907-1948) et pionnier du réalisme social. Ce travail se divise en deux parties. Nous consacrons la première partie à la vie de l’écrivain ainsi qu’à une analyse de la situation politique et sociale de la Turquie kémaliste ; puis nous observons de quelle façon les écrivains de la période républicaine ont perçu les rapports de genre. Dans la deuxième partie, nous expliquons comment Sabahattin Ali attire l’attention, par sa perception des rapports de genre, sur les inégalités et les injustices qui frappent les femmes et les hommes de l’époque kémaliste, puis nous montrons en quoi ses observations contribuent à faire de lui un défenseur unique et courageux de leurs droits, un penseur moderne toujours soucieux d’améliorer la vie de ses contemporains. Par le biais d’un examen précis des oeuvres de fiction et d’autres textes non fictionnels, nous voyons comment il a systématiquement dénoncé les carences et les défaillances du nouveau régime politique mais aussi pourquoi la littérature était pour lui le lieu d’une lutte pour la vérité et la liberté, valeurs auxquelles il s’est consacré jusqu’à sa mort. Notre travail essaie de rendre hommage à un écrivain et à un intellectuel qui a toujours voulu persuader ses lecteurs que les rôles sociaux n’étaient jamais figés mais étaient le résultat d’une culture et d’une société qu’il appartenait à tous de forger<br>Our research deals with gender relations in the work of Sabahattin Ali, writer of the republican period (1907-1948) and pioneer of the style of social realism. This research is divided into two parts. In the first part, we talk about the life of the writer as well as the political and social situations of Kemalist Turkey. We also treat the subject of the perception of the gender relations by writers of the republican period. In the second part, we explain how Sabahattin Ali draws attention, through his perception of gender relations, to the inequalities and injustices that affect women and men of the Kemalist period, then we show how his observations contribute to make him a unique and courageous defender of their rights and a modern thinker always concerned with improving the lives of his contemporaries. Through a precise examination of works of fiction and other non-fictional texts, we see how he systematically denounced the shortcomings and failings of the new political regime but also why literature was for him the place of a struggle for truth and freedom, values to which he devoted himself until his death. Our work tries to pay tribute to a writer and an intellectual who always wanted to persuade his readers that social roles were never fixed but were the result of a culture and a society that it was up to all to forge
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BOLDO, Alessandro. "SPAZI “CRITICI” E POLITICHE AMBIENTALI. Rappresentazioni incerte in contesti deboli, il caso dell’Autorità di Bacino del Po e della Convenzione delle Alpi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388786.
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Is there a possibility talking about the environment by telling stories?
Starting from the pretext of a planning exercise promoted by the Authority of Po River Basin, for the “maintenance” of mountain and hill territories of the basin; the research inquires the cogency and effectiveness of planning instruments facing to environmental changes, often triggered to solve emergencies, that affecting the socio-ecological regimes. It thus seeks to investigate, how institutions, in particular weak institutions (the IT Basin Authority and the IT Mountain Communities), coping with the unpredictability of accidental events, overwhelming (unknowingly) not only “instrumental” deficits (implementation and misfit), but also operative uncertainty and cultural productions equally unexpected.
The problems, related to ecosystems and resources management or climate change, soil conservation, and the cooperative action global-local (and many others), are coming out with prominence on the political agendas as well as on technical one; moreover their approach is often independently, their approach is often, independently, by sector and / or hierarchically, than to socio-ecological regimes, that allow and provide a different “narrative” of the problems and weave unusual web. If the institutional challenge related to environmental policies is facing the cross-cutting approaches, it may not take into account the relevance of no-institutional agents, building networks and sharing knowledge, not only “expert” one. Therefore the shift towards this complexity of relationships, between different kinds of knowledge and different actions, not only institutional or technical, is the subject of inquiring, testing the settlement of an unprecedented political (environment) space.
So, methodologically, it is alternating between “analysis” and “narrative” approach. Analysis, focusing on the use of tools to solve the so called environment crisis (MANUMONT Project, promoted by the Authority of Po Basin and the Alpine Convention as an example of Regional Environmental Governance); on the other side, Narration rised the prominence of "stylized facts" (no methods), stories (no big numbers), not merely interpretive, but explanatory emergence of smart players (who have staged unusual outcome for the creation of new spaces). Relating to the modernization and its different epistemological, and investigating them qith misty eyes is perhaps unprecedented fact, to build a new relationship between modernization and the environment.
Is there a possibility to solve the relationship between modernization and environmental crisis? This work try to come out a different perspective, raising this relationship in tension and turning the terms of the relationship in: modernization crisis - environment. Three different epistemological modernizations are looking deeply, matching three different approaches to environmental problems: the instrumental one (the PdM of ADB Po), the reflective and self-consciousness one with institutional uncertainties following, and finally the discoursive comes from the overlapping stories and different scales (CA and eco-villages). A tension between speeches, which sees new political subjectivity for the environmental space, getting onto the pragmatic regimes its most convincing valiance. Therefore, challenges, faced by environmental - crisis - modernization, mustn't be address solving the environmental crisis, but considering the crisis, not something to contain or reduce, rather than be questioned.
Books on the topic "API 20E"
1
Garello, Edoardo. Annibale in Piemonte: La traversata delle Alpi dall'Ebro al Po. Corsi, 1985.
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2
Walther, Konschitzky, ed. 200 Jahre europäische Kunst im Banat =: 200 de ani de artă europeană în Banat. Städtische Galerie Harderbastei, 1996.
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3
Gosudarstvennyĭ khudozhestvenno-arkhitekturnyĭ dvort︠s︡ovo-parkovyĭ muzeĭ-zapovednik v g. Petrodvort︠s︡e. Shtakenshneĭderovskie chtenii︠a︡: K 200-letii︠u︡ so dni︠a︡ rozhdenii︠a︡ A.I. Shtakenshneĭdera. Gosudarstvennyĭ muzeĭ-zapovednik "Petergof", 2002.
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Varta, Ion, Ioan Aurel Pop, Ioan Scurtu, Ion Bulei, and Anatol Petrencu. 200 ani din istoria românilor dintre Prut și Nistru: 1812-2012. Grupul Editorial Litera, 2012.
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Romania) Conferința Internațională "Basarabia după 200 de ani" (2012 Iași. Basarabia după 200 de ani: Conferinţă Internaţională Basarabia după 200 de ani : organizată cu sprijinul Consiliului Judeţean Iaşi şi al Universităţii "Petre Andrei" din Iaşi, Iaşi, 12 mai 2012. Institutul European, 2012.
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Herzen, Aleksandr. Liberalizm i sot︠s︡ializm--Zapad i Rossii︠a︡: K 200-letii︠u︡ so dni︠a︡ rozhdenii︠a︡ A.I. Gert︠s︡ena. URSS, 2013.
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Frashëri, Kristo. Bajroni në Shqipëri dhe takimet me Ali Pashë Tepelenën (vjeshtë 1809): Me rastin e 200-vjetorit të visitës. Botimet Dudaj, 2009.
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Vasilʹev, N. L. (Nikolaĭ Leonidovich), ed. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoĭ nauchnoĭ konferent͡sii, posvi͡ashchennoĭ 200-letii͡u A.I Polezhaeva: Materialy k nauchnoĭ biografii poeta (22-24 senti͡abri͡a 2004g., Saransk). Izdatelstvo Mordovskogo universiteta, 2005.
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Lee, Carolyn. The promised God-man is here: The extraordinary life-story, the "crazy" teaching work, and the divinely "emerging" world-blessing work of the divine world-teacher of the "late-time", Ruchira Avatar Adi Da Samraj. Dawn Horse Press, 1998.
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Moscow, Russia) Mezhdunarodnai︠a︡ nauchnai︠a︡ konferent︠s︡ii︠a︡ "Aleksandr Gert︠s︡en i. istoricheskie sudʹby Rossii" (2012. Aleksandr Ivanovich Gert︠s︡en i istoricheskie sudʹby Rossii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoĭ nauchnoĭ konferent︠s︡ii k 200-letii︠u︡ A.I. Gert︠s︡ena (Institut filosofii RAN, 20-21 ii︠u︡ni︠a︡ 2012 g.). Kanon+, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "API 20E"
1
Steel, Graham. "Deduction with XOR Constraints in Security API Modelling." In Automated Deduction – CADE-20. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11532231_24.
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Zhao, Zhangjie, Lin Zhang, Xing Zhang, Ying Wang, and Yi Qin. "CMPD: Context-Based Malicious Parameter Detection for APIs." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_7.
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AbstractThe Application Program Interface (API) plays an important role as the channel for data interaction between programs, while the widespread use of APIs has brought security risks that cannot be ignored. The adversary can perform various Web attacks, including SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), by tampering with the parameters of API. Efficient detection of parameter tampering attacks for API is critical to ensure the system is running in the expected condition, further avoiding data leakage and property loss. Previous works always utilize the rule-based method or simple learning-based method to detect parameter tampering attacks. However, they ignore the contextual information of the API tokens and thus have a poor performance. In this paper, we propose the Context-based Malicious Parameter Detection (CMPD) framework to detect the parameter tampering attacks for APIs. We use a neural network language model to learn the distribution of the parameters, parameter names, and URLs and then use a tree model to detect the malicious query based on the high dimensional API embedding. Experiments show that CMPD outperforms all baseline, including rule-based method, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Autoencoder, on CSIC 2010 dataset with $$F_1$$ F 1 value reaching 0.971. CMPD can also achieve a 0.895 $$F_1$$ F 1 value when training data is reduced to 20% and can achieve a 0.910 $$F_1$$ F 1 value when negative examples are reduced to 1%.
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Vairamani, Ajantha Devi, and Anand Nayyar. "Integrating the ChatGPT API into Real-World Applications: A Comprehensive Guide." In Prompt Engineering. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032692319-20.
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Reiss, Joshua. "Mixing audio." In Working with the Web Audio API. Focal Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003221937-20.
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Králik, I. "Dimuon and Vector Meson Production in P-W and S-W Collisions at 200 GeV/c/A." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2516-5_75.
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Anna, Ika Deefi, Fitri Agustina, and Deni Novian Fananda. "Strategic Formulation for Market Segmentation in Tourism: Key Influencers in Selecting of Kayangan Api as a Destination." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2023 (iCAST-SS 2023). Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-202-6_111.
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Hays, H. R. "A Finnish Monogamist." In From Ape to Angel. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003394167-20.
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Chavez, Sarah Jane, and Stephanie Gray Wilson. "Dr. Melba Jean Trinity Vasquez: First Latina APA President." In Early Psychological Research Contributions from Women of Color, Volume 1. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246183-20.
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Banafa, Ahmed. "AI is the Catalyst of IoT." In Transformative AI. River Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032669182-20.
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Cetre, Cyril, Chenle Yu, Sara Royuela, Rémi Barrere, Eduardo Quiñones, and Damien Gratadour. "Event-Based OpenMP Tasks for Time-Sensitive GPU-Accelerated Systems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72567-8_3.
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AbstractThe throughput-centric design of GPUs poses challenges when integrating them into time-sensitive applications. Nevertheless, modern GPU architectures and software have recently evolved, making it possible to minimize overheads and interference along the critical path through advanced mechanisms, such as GPU graphs, while sustaining high throughput. However, GPU vendors provide programming ecosystems specific to their products, raising concerns about code portability. Hence, there is a need for a hardware-agnostic API capable of managing time-sensitive GPU-accelerated pipelines. In this context, we propose integrating event-based synchronizations into the high-level OpenMP programming model to, in combination with GPU graphs, notably reduce interference and overheads over the critical path. This work showcases how this combination offers significant performance improvements and time consistency. We also enable portability across several vendor ecosystems and demonstrate our work on a set of representative applications for cyber-physical systems. According to our experiments, we measured a maximum jitter below 20 $$\upmu $$ μ s, representing less than 5% of time variation.
Conference papers on the topic "API 20E"
1
Albarran, J. L., H. F. Lopez, G. Hemandez-Duque, and L. Martinez. "Potential Drop Measurements During Stress Corrosion of Api-X80 Pipeline Microalloyed Steel." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94213.
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Abstract In this work the sour gas resistance of an X-80 steel was investigated using a D.C. Potential Drop Technique and modified wedge-opening-loading (WOL) fracture mechanics specimens. Microstructurally, it was found that the steel in the as-received condition consisted of bands of ferrite and pearlite with a uniform distribution of fine inclusions and carbides in the ferritic matrix. Preliminary tests of the sour gas performance of the X-80 were carried out at 25-200°C using the NACE solution and an instrumented autoclave. Measurements of crack propagation rates were made as a function of temperature and material hardness. If the microstructure is modified by a heat treatment the crack propagation is present. When the crack is produced these growth by stress corrosion cracking.
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Salama, Mamdouh M. "Erosional Velocity Limits for Water Injection Systems." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93062.
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Abstract One of the key factors that influence design and operations of water injection systems is maximum water injection velocity. The maximum water injection velocity is generally limited by the API RP 14E erosional velocity equation. The API erosional velocity is proportional to an empirical parameter, namely C-factor, that has the value of 150 to 200 for corrosion-free, solid-free service. The validity of the API-RP 14E erosional velocity limit to restrict flow rates is examined, and its extreme conservatism is discussed. A C-factor of 450 is recommended for use in seawater injection systems constructed from corrosion resistant alloys. In cases where corrosion can occur, such as carbon steel systems, API RP 14E recommendation is ambiguous and very misleading. It recommends a C-factor of 100 for corrosive solid-free service but gives no guidance regarding tolerable corrosion rate and the impact of flow velocity on corrosion rate. For carbon steel water injection systems, this report presents equations for selecting allowable C-factors in terms of desired life and operating conditions such as oxygen level and temperature. In addition, the report presents a discussion on considerations for materials selection.
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Whited, Tim. "Comparison of VCI and CP Performance Using Floor Scan Data from Several 10-Year Old AST Floors." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15065.
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Abstract An especially noteworthy and important analysis will be provided on the real-time field performance of stand-alone vapor corrosion inhibitor (VCI) systems in comparison to cathodic protection (CP) systems on aboveground storage tank (AST) floors. API 653 floor inspection data will be presented on a group of (12) AST’s that all had completely new steel floors installed, then were inspected (7-10) years later with magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonic testing (UT). VCI was used to control soil-side corrosion on approximately 42% of the tanks and CP was used on the other 58%. The tanks resided inside pipeline stations located within 200-miles of each other. Construction materials and practices were very similar for the new tank floors. API 653 floor inspection data produces definitive statistics on the effectiveness of soil-side corrosion control systems for each tank floor. Corrosion control system descriptions and compilations of inspection data for each tank floor are provided and contrasted among the entire sample group.
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Kremel, Sabine, Greg Chitwood, Martin Wöls, and Luciana Intiso. "High Strength N07718 with Improved Resistance to Cracking in H2S-Containing Environments." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11478.
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Abstract This paper describes the development of an alternative heat treatment designed to increase the strength of 718 (UNS N07718) above the current level, which is bound by the 40 HRC limit of NACE MR01751 and the heat treatment requirements of API 6ACRA.2 The investigation was triggered by hydrogen embrittlement failures reported for PH Ni-base alloys, where unfavorable microstructure was reported to be a contributing factor. Increased strength was also suspected, but this comes at a time when the industry needs to push strength higher to exploit future high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) developments. Initial slow strain rate testing (SSRT) of a two-step heat treatment in a sour environment containing 28 bar H2S and 25% NaCl at 150°C revealed improvement in critical SSRT ratios (εp and RoA) over that achievable with the API heat treatment; strength increased by approximately 30 ksi and ductility and toughness were maintained. This testing was followed by more extensive sulfide stress cracking (SSC), galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC), and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) to qualify the material for MR0175 at 205°C with up to 35 bar H2S. This paper documents the corrosion testing conducted to compare the alternative heat treatment with that required by API 6ACRA, and provides an explanation for the improved environmental cracking resistance through investigation of cracking morphology, microstructure, and metallurgical properties.
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Dayalan, Ethirajulu, Juan C. Barrios H., Siamack A. Shirazi, and John R. Shadley. "Influences of Flow Parameters on CO2 Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93072.
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Abstract The corrosion rates of API N-80 and AISI 1018 carbon steels were measured in a flow loop at 200°F (93.3°C) in a CO2 saturated, deoxygenated 3% NaCl solution at a CO2 partial pressure of 150 psig (1.1 MPa). The experiments were carried out in single and two-phase flows at different gas-liquid velocity combinations at a constant pH of 3.4 and at non-controlled pH conditions. The corrosion rates correlate well with the API RP 14E c-values. As an alternative to the empirical c-value, physically more meaningful flow parameters like frictional pressure gradient and wall shear stress were considered for correlation with corrosion rate. These parameters are theoretically well defined and can be measured experimentally. It is found that there is a very good correlation between the c-value and frictional pressure gradient or wall shear stress in both single phase and two-phase flows. The correlation between corrosion rate and frictional pressure gradient or wall shear stress was found to be similar to the correlation between the corrosion rate and c-value. Therefore, production velocity guidelines for limiting CO2 corrosion can be based equally well on c-value, frictional pressure gradient or wall shear stress. Production velocity guidelines based on the frictional pressure gradient or wall shear stress have a better theoretical and physical basis than guidelines based on API RP 14E c-value.
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Nucera, Daniele M., Patricia S. Hoien-Dalen, Carol W. Maddox, and Ronald M. Weigel. "Comparison of API 20E and PCR for identification of Salmonella." In Sixth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-724.
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Kazmi, Mahmooda, Noor Afshan, Tayyab un-Nisa, and Khalid Hassan. "Evaluation of Indigenously Developed Quick Test Strip (QTS-24) with Foreign Compatible Product (API-20E)." In 2022 19th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast54850.2022.9990310.
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Budiarso, Tri Yahya, Charis Amarantini, Ratih Restiani, et al. "Isolation and biochemical characterization of Enterobacter cloacae isolates from ready-to-eat foods using API 20E." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING SMART MATERIALS IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ESMAC-2021): ESMAC-2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110913.
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Gligor, Alexandru, Ionica Iancu, Ileana Nichita, Emil Tirziu, and Viorel Herman. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME STRAINS OF E. COLI ISOLATED FROM P. PERDIX FROM THE WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s25.17.
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21 strains of E. coli isolated from wild partridge birds - P. Perdix from the western part of Romania were studied. Through laboratory examination, the phenotypic characters of the isolated E. coli strains were highlighted. 21/70 (30%) of E. coli strains isolated from Perdix perdix fixed Congo Red, all isolated strains fermented lactose 21/21 (100%). Hemolytic activity was highlighted in a single strain of E. coli 1/21 (0.21%). The final identification of E. coli strains isolated from wild birds was done using the API 20E kit. The identified resistance types in the tested strains were highlighted based on their behavior towards antibiotics. E coli strains isolated were sensitive to enrofloxacin 19/21 (90.48%) and florfenicol 18/21 (85.7%) and resistant to erythromycin and neomycin 18/21 (85.7%) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 16/21 (76.2%) and colistin 14/21 (71.4%).
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Hasan, Jinan, Zainab Khalaf, and Saif Jasim. "Antimicrobial Activity Zinc Oxide ZnO Nanoparticles Against Biofilm Formation of Uropathogenic E. coli." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1079.
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UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main reason of urinary tract infections (UTIs) that consider as among the most prevalent pathological states in both community and hospital settings. Twenty isolates of E. coli were isolated from 50 urine samples obtained from different Hospitals at Baghdad, Iraq from patients with UTIs at (40%) isolation percentage. These isolates were diagnosed by biochemical tests, and confirmed by Analytic Profile Index (API 20E) as E. coli isolates. They were detected for the ability they had to biofilm formation by microtiter plate method. Five of them were considered as a biofilm former. These isolates were tested for the effect of ZnO on their biofilm formation pre-mature and mature biofilm by using 4 concentrations (500, 250, 125 and 62.5μg/ml). The results showed that all concentrations of ZnONPs showd antibiofilm activity against pre mature and post mature biofilm. The best effect was recorded against pre mature biofilm.
Reports on the topic "API 20E"
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ตัณฑวณิช, ทิพวรรณ, та วีณา เคยพุดซา. ประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทยชนิด Haliotis asinina LINNAEUS 1758. สถาบันวิจัยทรัพยากรทางน้ำ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2009. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.82.
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ศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทย ที่มีขนาดความยาวเปลือก 2.27±0.02 เซนติเมตร และมีน้ำหนักตัวเฉลี่ย 2.77±0.06 กรัม และแสดงวิการโรคบริเวณเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายในฉีกขาด กล้ามเนื้อเท้าเป็นแผลวงสีขาวและไม่เกาะพื้นผิว โดยทำการแยกเชื้อวิบริโอจากอวัยวะต่างๆ ได้แก่ ตับ/ตับอ่อน (Hepatopancreas), อวัยวะสืบพันธุ์ (Gonad), น้ำเลือด (Hemolymph), กล้ามเนื้อเท้า (Foot Muscle) และเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายใน มาเพาะเลี้ยงและทำการพิสูจน์เชื้อเพื่อแยกชนิด (Identification) โดยการทดสอบคุณสมบัติต่างๆทางชีวเคมีด้วยชุดทดสอบ API 20E พบเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus นำเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่พบมาทดสอบความไวต่อยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 13 ชนิด โดยวิธี Agar Disc Diffusion Method บนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ Meuller Hilton Agar พบว่า chloramphenicol และ nalidixic acid สามารถยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ 100% รองลงมา ได้แก่ doxycycline hydrochloride, furazolidone, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline และ sulfadimethoxine ตามลำดับ ส่วน erythromycin และ novobiocin นั้นไม่มีฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ จากนั้นเลือกยาต้านจุลชีพมาเพียง 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus โดยวิธี Broth Dilution Method พบว่า oxolinic acid มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. cholerae และ V. fluvialis สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm และ MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm ตามลำดับ) ส่วน enrof-loxacin มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. vulnificus สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.50, MBC ≥ 32 ppm) ส่วน sulfadimethoxine มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ต่ำสุดการศึกษาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีสโดยการฉีดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. เข้ากล้ามเนื้อเท้าหอยเป๋าฮื้อ พบว่า ค่า LD50 ของเชื้อ V. cholerae (1.04 x 107 CFU/ml.) มีค่าต่ำกว่า V. fluvialis (1.87 x 107 CFU/ml.) และ V. vulnificus (2.87 x 109 CFU/ml.) ซึ่งแสดงว่า V. cholerae มีความรุนแรงในการก่อโรคมากที่สุด จึงเลือก V. cholerae มาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีส (vibriosis) ในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ แล้วทำการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 5 ชนิดในการรักษาโรควิบริโอซีสในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ โดยยาแต่ละชนิดใช้ 3 ขนาด ให้ยาด้วยวิธีการแช่ต่อเนื่องเป็นเวลา 7 วัน พบว่า ความเข้มข้นของยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมต่อการรักษาโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อของ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid มีค่าเป็น 50, 20, 5, 10 และ 1 ppm ตามลำดับ สำหรับอัตราการรอดชีวิตสูงสุดของหอยเป๋าฮื้อมีค่า 66.67±6.67%, 46.67±3.33%, 53.33±3.33%, 43.33±3.33% และ 43.33±3.33% ตามลำดับ
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ตัณฑวณิช, ทิพวรรณ, та วีณา เคยพุดซา. ประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทยชนิด Haliotis asinina LiNNaEUS 1758. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.73.
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ศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทย ที่มีขนาดความยาวเปลือก 2.27 ±0.02 เซนติเมตร และมีน้ำหนักตัวเฉลี่ย 2.77±0.06 กรัม และแสดงวิการโรคบริเวณเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายในฉีกขาด กล้ามเนื้อเท้าเป็นแผลวงสีขาวและไม่เกาะพื้นผิว โดยทำการแยกเชื้อวิบริโอจากอวัยวะต่าง ๆ ได้แก่ ตับ/ตับอ่อน (Hepatopancreas), อวัยวะสืบพันธุ์ (Gonad), น้ำเลือด (Hemolymph), กล้ามเนื้อเท้า (Foot Muscle) และเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายใน มาเพาะเลี้ยงและทำการพิสูจน์เชื้อเพื่อแยกชนิด (Identification) โดยการทดสอบคุณสมบัติต่าง ๆ ทางชีวเคมีด้วยชุดทดสอบ API 20E พบเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus นำเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่พบมาทดสอบความไวต่อยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 13 ชนิด โดยวี Agar Disc Diffusion Method บนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ Meuller Hilton Agar พบว่า chloramphenicol และ nalidixic acid สามารถยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ 100% รองลงมาได้แก่ doxytetracycline, hydrochloride, furazolidone, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin oxytetracycline, tetracycline และ sulfadimethoxine ตามลำดับ ส่วน erythromycin และ novobiocin นั้นไม่มีฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ จากนั้นเลือกยาต้านจุลชีพมาเพียง 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อ V. cholera, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus โดยวิธี Broth Dilution Method พบว่า oxolinic acid มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. cholera และ V. fluvialis สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC≥ 16 ppm และ MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm ตามลำดับ) ส่วน enrofloxacin มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. vulnificus สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.50, MBC≥32 ppm) ส่วน sulfadimethoxine มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ต่ำสุด การศึกษาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีสโดยการฉีดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. เข้ากล้ามเนื้อเท้าหอยเป๋าฮื้อ พบว่าค่า LD₅₀ ของเชื้อ V.cholerae (1.04x10⁷ CFU/ml.) มีค่าต่ำกว่า V.fluvialis (1.87x10⁷ CFU/ml.) และ V.vulnificus (2.87x10⁹ CFU/ml.) ซึ่งแสดงว่า V.cholerae มีความรุนแรงในการก่อโรคมากที่สุด จึงเลือก V.cholerae มาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีส (vibriosis) ในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ แล้วทำการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 5 ชนิดในการรักษาโรควิบริโอซีสในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ โดยยาแต่ละชนิดใช้ 3 ขนาด ให้ยาด้วยวิธีการแช่ต่อเนื่องเป็นเวลา 7 วัน พบว่า ความเข้มข้นของยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมต่อการรักษาโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อของ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid มีค่าเป็น 50, 20, 5, 10 และ 1 ppm ตามลำดับ สำหรับอัตราการรอดชีวิตสูงสุดของหอยเป๋าฮื้อมีค่า 66.67±6.67%, 46.67±3.33%, 53.33±3.33%, 43.33±3.33% และ 43.33±3.33% ตามลำดับ
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Frankle, Stephanie C. Follow-up to XTM:SCF-96-200, Proposed APT Data Library Formats. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1079554.
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Mannucci and Demofonti. L51882 Mill Test Techniques for Predicting Crack Arrest Ability in High Toughness Steels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011210.
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The cost for construction of new pipelines to meet the demand for natural gas can be justified by using high strength materials: however line safety requires steel properties that preclude catastrophic failures should the pipe wall be breached. Important problems faced in the eighties, come now again onto the table of the international scientific community driven directly by the incoming projects of future high productivity transmission lines, and need final solutions. The objective of this project, was to develop a simple laboratory testing method, that can be easily transferred and used in the mill practice, to provide a reliable measure of the ductile fracture toughness, expressed by the critical value of the Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOAc), for high grade/high toughness line pipe steel (grade API X80 and Charpy V shelf energy 200 J). Such parameter has been measured up to now by using the CSM Two Specimen CTOA Test Methodology (methodology developed in the frame of past PRCI sponsored project for gas pipeline steels in grade up to API X80 and with Charpy V shelf energy up to about 200 Joule).
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Skaggs, R. R., Robert G. Daniel, Andrzej W. Miziolek, Kevin L. McNesby, and Craig Herud. Diode Laser Measurements of HF Concentrations Produced from Heptane/Air Pan Fires Extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 Plus APP, and FM-200 Plus APP. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377480.
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Simon, Katalin. „Bárki, aki imádkozik és könyörög, e ház felé tárja ki tenyerét” : 200 éves az óbudai zsinagóga. Budapest Főváros Levéltára, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56045/blm.2021.20.
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A cikk az óbudai zsidóság 18-19. századi életét mutatja be, valamint az 1821-ben megnyílt, ma is álló zsinagóga építésének történetét, illetve annak elődjeit. Míg a Nepauer Máté-féle zsinagóga (1767-1769) a közép-európai barokk zsinagógaépítészet jelentős emléke volt, az 1821-ben, a Pollack Mihály szellemében dolgozó Landherr András-féle klasszicista zsinagóga stílusteremtő épületté vált. A levéltár őrizetében lévő jegyzőkönyveiből feltárulnak az építés körülményeinek nem, vagy kevéssé ismert részletei, így az ülőhelyek megváltásával kapcsolatos feljegyzések.
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Weber, Eicke. Workshop on Low Temperature GaAs Buffer Layers Held 20 Apr 1990, San Francisco. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250787.
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McCleney, Amy. PR-015-19602-R02 Water in Oil Meter Technology Testing. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011746.
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Water-cut meters measure the water content in a crude-oil stream and can use different sensor technologies and approaches to achieve this measurement. Each of these technology types has advantages and limitations for use in certain operating conditions. Current industry knowledge about the performance and limitations of the different technology meters for measuring a wide range of water cuts has not been extensively quantified. This testing effort was initiated to determine the stability and accuracy of different water-cut meters by flowing a crude-oil stream of water content through these meters. The performance of the different water-cut meters was assessed at a constant 100-gpm flow rate, two sweeps of water-cut ranges from 0% to 5% and 0% to 20%, and two different crude oils. To provide a reference water content, fluid samples were manually drawn from the flow loop upstream of the meters for each test point following API MPMS Ch. 8.1 (2019). The fluid samples were handled and mixed in accordance with API MPMS Ch. 8.3 (2019), and were assessed using two different analysis methods: a Karl Fisher Titration method using ASTM D4928 (2018) for the nominal 0% to 5% water-cut tests, and a centrifuge method using ASTM D4007 (2016) for the nominal 0% to 20% water-cut tests. The results from this testing effort will allow the PRCI members to assess the accuracy and stability of different water-cut meters and to select a water-cut metering technology that is most compatible with their operating conditions.
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McCleney, Amy. PR-015-19602-R01 Water in Oil Meter Technology Testing. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011751.
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Water-cut meters measure the water content in a crude-oil stream and can use different sensor technologies and approaches to achieve this measurement. Each of these technology types has advantages and limitations for use in certain operating conditions. Current industry knowledge about the performance and limitations of the different technology meters for measuring a wide range of water cuts has not been extensively quantified. This testing effort was initiated to determine the stability and accuracy of different water-cut meters by flowing a crude-oil stream of water content through these meters. The performance of the different water-cut meters were assessed at a constant 100-gpm flow rate, two sweeps of water-cut ranges from 0% to 5% and 0% to 20%, and two different crude oils. To provide a reference water content, fluid samples were manually drawn from the flow loop upstream of the meters for each test point following API MPMS Ch. 8.1 (2019). The fluid samples were handled and mixed in accordance with API MPMS Ch. 8.3 (2019), and were assessed using two different analysis methods: a Karl Fisher Titration method using ASTM D4928 (2018) for the nominal 0% to 5% water-cut tests, and a centrifuge method using ASTM D4007 (2016) for the nominal 0% to 20% water-cut tests. The results from this testing effort will allow the PRCI members to assess the accuracy and stability of different water-cut meters and to select a water-cut metering technology that is most compatible with their operating conditions.
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Tzonev, Nick, and Eric Pesty. PR-396-113704-R02 Methods for Detection of Gases and VOCs from Floating Roofs of Aboveground Storage Tanks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010794.
Full textAbstract:
Describes the development of an automated system that can effectively replace the EPA-mandated in-service and out-of-service inspections of the Internal Floating Roofs (IFR) in Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs). The ultimate goal is to increase the internal inspection interval to twenty (20) years, which would coincide with the interval used by the American Petroleum Institute's (API) Standard 653 for out-of-service general mechanical inspection of the entire tank. Extending the IFR internal inspection interval will eliminate the negative elements associated with additional AST entry events and will reduce VOC emissions associated with IFR landing and tank degassing/cleaning, while minimizing safety risks and saving operating capital.