Relevant bibliographies by topics / API 650 Tanks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'API 650 Tanks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

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Lu, Z., D. V. Swenson, and D. L. Fenton. "Frangible Roof Joint Behavior of Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Designed to API 650 Rules." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842195.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation into the frangible joint behavior of tanks designed to API 650 rules. In such tanks, the roof-to-shell joint is intended to fail in the event of overpressurization, venting the tank and containing any remaining fluid. The reasoning behind present API design formulas is reviewed. Combustion analyses, structural analyses, and the results of testing are presented. Results show that higher pressures are reached before frangible joint failure than predicted by the present API 650 calculation. One consequence is that (for empty tanks) uplift of the bottom can be expected to occur more frequently than predicted using API 650. However, uplift does not necessarily mean bottom failure. Instead, the relative strength of the shell-to-bottom and roof-to-shell joints will determine failure. This ratio is larger for larger tanks. Recommendations are made as to possible changes in the design approach of API 650.
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Lengsfeld, Manfred, Ken Bardia, Jaan Taagepera, Kanajett Hathaitham, Donald La Bounty, and Mark Lengsfeld. "Analysis of Loads for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (September 27, 2006): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748829.

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The analysis of tank nozzles for API 650, (American Petroleum Institute, 1998, API Standard 650, 10th ed.) tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom, 1997, ASME Paper No. 77-PVP-19 and the other by Billimoria and Tam 1980, ASME Paper No. 80-C2/PVP-5. Although Appendix P is optional, the industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120feet(33.6m) in diameter this Appendix is not applicable. In previously published papers, the authors used finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the experimental results reported by Billimoria and Tam for low-type nozzles. The analysis showed the variance between stiffness coefficients and stresses obtained by FEA and API 650 methods for tanks. In this paper, the authors have expanded the scope to include almost any size of nozzle as well as tank size. Stress factors for nozzles at different elevations on the shell are provided. Nozzles located away from a discontinuity are analyzed based on the method provided by the Welding Research Council (WRC), New York, Bulletin No. 297, 1987. Stress reduction factors have been developed using FEA for nozzles located closer to a discontinuity. Mathematical equations are provided together with the curves for the stress factors. The results of this paper have been incorporated into Appendix P of API 650 with the Addendum 3 of the 10th edition which was issued in 2003.
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Malhotra, Praveen. "Practical Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Tanks." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586122.

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Liquid-storage tanks, designed as per the minimum requirements of API Standard 650 (1996), AWWA Standard D100 (1996), or any other design standard, should not be expected to remain fully elastic, or undamaged, when subjected to design ground shaking. Forces prescribed in design standards are only a fraction of those obtained from a linear elastic (no damage) response analysis. Force reductions are based on the expected overstrength and ductility of the system. However, there are no practical methods to quantify the effects of these reductions on potential damage to tanks. Some type of nonlinear analysis is needed to assess the tank's desired performance objectives. This paper presents a simplified nonlinear analysis for performance-based seismic design of tanks. It also presents a method of strengthening tanks by energy-dissipating base anchors. The simplified nonlinear analysis is illustrated for an unanchored tank, a tank anchored with traditional anchors, and a tank anchored with energy-dissipating anchors.
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Kala, Zdeněk, Jakub Gottvald, Jakub Stoniš, and Abayomi Omishore. "SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS STATE IN SHELL COURSES OF WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 6, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2014.957899.

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The paper deals with the analysis of reliability and safety of a welded tank for the storage of oil, which is located in the Czech Republic. The oil tank has a capacity of 125 thousand cubic meters. It is one of the largest tanks of its kind in the world. Safety is ensured by a steel outer intercepting shell and a double bottom. The tank was modelled in the programme ANSYS. The computational model was developed using the finite element method – elements SHELL181. A nonlinear contact problem was analysed for the simulation of the interaction between the bottom plate and foundation. The normative approach in design and check of tanks according to standards API 650, ČSN EN 14015, EEMUA 159 and API 653 is mentioned. The dominant loading of the filled tank is from oil. The normative solution is based on the shell theory, which considers constant wall thickness. For real tanks sheet thicknesses of individual courses increase with increasing depth. Stochastic sensitivity analysis was used to study the effect of the variability of the thickness of the ith course on the stress of adjacent courses. The Latin Hypercube Sampling method was implemented during analysis.
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Hermawan, Hana, and Winda Wulandari. "Review dan Analisis Degister Tank dengan fluida POME Berdasarkan API 650 Menggunakan Variable Design Point Method." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 15, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v15i1.138.

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POME merupakan produk samping dari produksi minyak kelapa sawit dengan rasio terkandung dalam kelapa sawit 58.3%. POME dapat dimanfaatkan untuk dijadikan biogas dengan teknologi pengolahan proses anaerobic menggunakan tanki berpengaduk/Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan review dan analisis digester tank dengan fluida POME berdasarkan standard American Petroleum Institute yaitu API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage menggunakan variable design point method untuk menentukan ketebalan minimum pada setiap shell tergantung pada kedalamannya, sehingga setiap shell dapat memiliki ketebalan yang berbeda sehingga dapat memperkecil volume material dan biaya.Kemudian dilakukan simulasi dengan metode elemen hingga dengan beban dari tekanan hidrostatik yang menghasilkan tegangan maksimum 154.88 MPa, serta deformasi maksimum 5 mm dan beban dari gaya angin yang menghasilkan tegangan maksimum 1.31 MPa, serta deformasi maksimum 0.5 mm, lalu dibandingkan dengan sifat mekanik material bahwa yield strength terjadi pada tegangan 250-395 MPa sehingga tebal shell hasil perhitungan adalah aman. Kemudian dibandingkan ketebalan minimum hasil perhitungan dengan desain konstruksi yang hasilnya adalah desain konstruksi memiliki tebal yang lebih besar dari perhitungan tebal minimum sehingga desain konstruksi yang akan dipakai adalah aman.
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Mahardhika, Pekik, and Ayu Ratnasari. "Perancangan Tangki Stainless Steel untuk Penyimpanan Minyak Kelapa Murni Kapasitas 75 m3." Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa 3, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v3.i1.2018.39-46.

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Tangki merupakan wadah penyimpanan yang sering dipakai di berbagai industriseperti petrokimia, pengilangan, dan perminyakan. Tangki penyimpanan tidak hanya menjadi tempat penyimpanan untuk produk dan bahan baku tetapi juga menjaga kelancaran ketersediaan produk dan bahan baku. Selain itu, tangki juga dapat menjaga produk atau bahan baku dari kontaminan. Minyak kelapa murni adalah minyak yang dibuat dari bahan baku kelapa segar. Minyak kelapa murni memiliki daya simpan lebih dari 12 bulan sehingga diperlukan tangki penyimpanan yang memadai demi menjaga produk dari kontaminasi. ASTM 304, ASTM 316L, dan S32304 merupakan stainless steel yang digunakan untuk material plat tangki penyimpanan minyak kelapa murni. Stainless steel merupakan baja tahan korosi sehingga diharapkan dapat menjaga kualitas produk minyak kelapa murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang tangki penyimpanan minyak kelapa murni menggunakan stainless steel. Tangki penyimpanan dirancang memiliki kapasitas 75 m3. Tangki dirancang dengan membandingkan antara API 650 dengan BS 2654. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan ketebalan plat shell aktual 6 mm, ketebalan plat dasar aktual 6 mm, ketebalan plat dasar annular aktual 8 mm, dan ketebalan atap aktual 6 mm. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, tegangan pada tangki masih memenuhi syarat karena tegangan ijin tangki lebih besar dari tegangan akibat beban statis, tegangan circumferensial, dan tegangan longitudinal. Dengan demikian, desain tangki penyimpanan dapat dikatakan aman.Kata kunci: API 650, BS 2654, minyak kelapa murni, stainless steel, tangki penyimpananTank is a storage container that is often used by various industries such as petrochemical, refining, and petroleum. Storage tanks isnot only a storage for products and raw materials but also maintain the fluency availability of products and raw materials. Furthermore, the tank can also keep products or raw materials from contaminants. Virgin coconut oil is oil made from fresh coconut. Virgin coconut oil has storability of more than 12 months, so that adequate storage tanks are required to keep the product from contamination. ASTM 304, ASTM 316L, and S32304 are stainless steels used for the material of the virgin coconut oil storage tank. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant steel so it is expected to maintain the quality of virgin coconut oil product. This research aims to design storage tank of virgin coconut oil using stainless steel material. The storage tank is designed to have a capacity of 75 m3. The tank is designed by comparing between API 650 and BS 2654. The calculation results obtained the actual thickness of the shell plate is 6 mm, the actual bottom plate thickness is 6 mm, the actual annular bottom plate thickness is 8 mm, and the actual roof thickness is 6 mm. Based on the calculation, tank stress is still accepted because the allowable stress of tank is larger than the stress due static load, circumferential stress, and longitudinal stress. Thus, the design of storage tank is safe.Keywords: API 650, BS 2654, stainless steel, storage tank, virgin coconut oil
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Ormeño, Miguel, Tam Larkin, and Nawawi Chouw. "Comparison between standards for seismic design of liquid storage tanks with respect to soil-foundation-structure interaction and uplift." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.1.40-46.

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Field evidence has established that strong earthquakes can cause severe damage or even collapse of liquid storage tanks. Many tanks worldwide are built near the coast on soft soils of marginal quality. Because of the difference in stiffness between the tank (rigid), foundation (rigid) and the soil (flexible), soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) has an important effect on the seismic response, often causing an elongation of the period of the impulsive mode. This elongation is likely to produce a significant change in the seismic response of the tank and will affect the loading on the structure. An issue not well understood, in the case of unanchored tanks, is uplift of the tank base that usually occurs under anything more than moderate dynamic loading. This paper presents a comparison of the loads obtained using “Appendix E of API STANDARD 650” of the American Petroleum Institute and the “Seismic Design of Storage Tanks” produced by the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. The seismic response assessed using both codes is presented for a range of tanks incorporating a range of the most relevant parameters in design. The results obtained from the analyses showed that both standards provide similar base shear and overturning moment; however, the results given for the anchorage requirement and uplift are different.
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Spritzer, J. M., and S. Guzey. "Review of API 650 Annex E: Design of large steel welded aboveground storage tanks excited by seismic loads." Thin-Walled Structures 112 (March 2017): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.013.

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Karamanos, Spyros A., Lazaros A. Patkas, and Manolis A. Platyrrachos. "Sloshing Effects on the Seismic Design of Horizontal-Cylindrical and Spherical Industrial Vessels." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 3 (September 12, 2005): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217965.

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The present paper investigates sloshing effects on the earthquake design of horizontal-cylindrical and spherical industrial vessels. Assuming small-amplitude free-surface elevation, a linearized sloshing problem is obtained, and its solution provides sloshing frequencies, modes, and masses. Based on an “impulsive-convective” decomposition of the container-fluid motion, an efficient methodology is proposed for the calculation of seismic force. The methodology gives rise to appropriate spring-mass mechanical models, which represent sloshing effects on the container-fluid system in an elegant and simple manner. Special issues, such as the deformability of horizontal-cylindrical containers or the flexibility of spherical vessel supports, are also taken into account. The proposed methodology can be used to calculate the seismic force, in the framework of liquid container earthquake design, and extends the current design practice for vertical cylindrical tanks stated in existing seismic design specifications (e.g., API Standard 650 and Eurocode 8). The methodology is illustrated in three design examples.
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Rasi, José Roberto, Jorge Augusto Serafim, Wellington Mazer, Roberto Bernardo, Donizete Caunetto, and Jonathan Figueiredo Broetto. "ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE DIMENSIONAMENTO DE TANQUES VERTICAIS PARA ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA DE UTILIZANDO AS NORMAS API 650, AWWA D-100 E NBR 7821 / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGNING OF VERTICAL TANKS FOR WATER STORAGE ACCORDING TO API 650, AWWA D-100 AND, NBR 7821 STANDARDS." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 3 (2021): 26074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n3-352.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

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Kandaz, Murat. "Computer Aided Design And Structural Analysis Of Pressure Vessels." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607261/index.pdf.

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This study is conducted for the design and analysis of pressure vessels and associated pressurized equipment using various codes and methods. A computer software is developed as the main outcome of this study, which provides a quick and comprehensive analysis by using various methods utilized in codes and standards together with theoretical and empirical methods which are widely accepted throughout the world. Pressure vessels are analyzed using ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, whereas auxiliary codes, especially ASCE and AISC codes are utilized for structural analyses of these equipment. Effect of wind, seismic, and other types of loadings are also taken into consideration in detail, with dynamic analyses. Support structures and their auxiliary components are also items of analysis. Apart from pressure vessels, many pressurized process equipments that are commonly used in the industy are also included in the scope of the study. They include safety valves which are an integral part of those kinds of pressurized or enclosed systems, two of the heat exchanger components with great importance -tubesheets and expansion joints-, and API 650 tanks for oil or water storage. The computer software called as VESSELAID is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 using SI units. Design and analysis methods of VESSELAID are based on various code rules, recommended design practices and alternative approaches.
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(8455983), Harsh Bohra. "STUDIES ON ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC EXCITATION AND FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT." Thesis, 2020.

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The author aims to investigate the current design provision for seismic and foundation settlement design of aboveground open-top storage tanks using finite element analysis. The thesis is divided into two independent but closely related studies: (1) seismic analysis of open-top storage tanks with flexible foundation and (2) fitness-for-service of open-top storage tanks subjected to differential settlement.

The present seismic design provisions in American Petroleum Institute’s storage tank standard API 650 (2013) assumes the tank foundation is rigid and therefore, ignores the effect of uplift during a seismic excitation. In the first study, the objective was to quantitatively critique rigid foundation assumption and conclude if the assumption is acceptable or not for a given tank geometry. Tanks with three different height to diameter ratio (H/D), i.e aspect ratios, of 0.67, 1.0 and 3.0 representing broad, nominal and slender geometry, respectively, were modelled having both rigid and flexible foundations. The flexible foundation was modelled with series of non-linear compression only springs. Additionally, for each tank model two different hydrodynamic pressure distribution suggested by (1) Housner and (2) Jacobsen-Veletsos were applied which are used by API 650 and Eurocode 8, respectively. Geometric non-linear analysis with non-linear material properties was conducted (GMNA) using Riks algorithm in Abaqus finite element analysis (FEA) program. The hoop stresses, longitudinal stresses, uplift and buckling capacity of each rigid foundation tank model were compared with its respective flexible foundation tank model and corresponding API 650 rule based provisions. It was observed that the assumption of rigid foundation from design point of view is acceptable for the broad tank, however, for the nominal and slender tanks this assumption is not acceptable. The buckling capacity of nominal and slender tanks having flexible foundation are significantly lower compared to rigid foundation. Therefore, the effect of uplift should not be neglected for design purposes for nominal and slender tank geometries.

In the second study, an alternative method for evaluating the structural integrity of storage tank subjected to differential settlement is proposed. The limitations of the existing method in API 653 (2014), currently used in the industry are highlighted. The tank settlement is measured underneath
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the tank bottom along the tank circumference at discrete locations. The settlement can be transformed into a Fourier series by combining different harmonic components. In the existing API 653 method there is no distinction between the effects of different harmonic components whereas in the proposed method the effects of first five harmonic components are individually accounted and the cumulative damage is evaluated. The proposed method is formulated based on FEA conducted on twenty-one different tank models with each having different tank geometry. The limiting settlement value for each harmonic wave number is found for a given tank geometry by conducting GMNA using Riks algorithm, and a generalized trend is found for each harmonic wave number. The proposed method is further validated by performing numerous FEA simulations. The simulations were conducted for several tank models subjected to four representative actual measured settlement data. A set of tank models used in the validation was generated using random tank geometries and design parameters to have a blind test of the proposed method. Finally, a comparison is made between allowable settlement based on the API 653 method, the proposed method and the FEA. It was observed that the proposed method consistently results in conservative results compared to FEA. In contrast the API 653 method does not always result in conservative results. For some measured settlement data, the API 653 method gives overly conservative values and for others it gives non-conservative values. Moreover, the API 653 method is based on the beam theory which may not capture the true shell behavior. Therefore, the API 653 method requires modifications. The proposed method on the other hand is consistent and is based FEA which can capture the true shell behavior as it is formulated using shell theory. Therefore, it is recommended that the existing method in API 653 shall be replaced with the proposed method to determine the fitness of tank under differential settlement.
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Books on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

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Institute, American Petroleum, and American National Standards Institute. Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage/ API STANDARD 650. Amer Petroleum Inst, 1998.

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Matthews, Clifford. A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.

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Matthews, Clifford. A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095275.

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Book chapters on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

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"Recommended Joint Design Guide to Sketches and Tables of API 650." In Above Ground Storage Tanks, 285–86. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18505-18.

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Matthews, Clifford. "API 650: Tank Design." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 128–39. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.ch7.

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"API 650: Tank Design." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 128–39. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095275.128.

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Matthews, Clifford. "Tank Linings: API RP 652." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 209–23. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.ch12.

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"Tank Linings: API RP 652." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 209–23. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095275.209.

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Matthews, Clifford. "Cathodic Protection: API RP 651." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 269–82. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.ch15.

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"Cathodic Protection: API RP 651." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 269–82. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095275.269.

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Matthews, Clifford. "Interpreting API and ASME Codes." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 1–10. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.ch1.

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"Interpreting API and ASME Codes." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 1–10. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095275.1.

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Matthews, Clifford. "Evaluation of Corroded Tanks." In A Quick Guide to API 653 Certified Storage Tank Inspector Syllabus, 80–127. Co-published by ASME Press and Woodhead Publishing (UK), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859803.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

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Lengsfeld, Manfred, Kanhaiya L. Bardia, Jaan Taagepera, Kanajett Hathaitham, Donald G. LaBounty, and Mark C. Lengsfeld. "Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1279.

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The analysis of tank nozzles for API Standard 650 [1] tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom [2] and the other by Billimoria and Tam [3]. Although Appendix P is optional, industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120 feet (33.6 m) in diameter, Appendix P is not applicable. In previously published papers [4–10], the authors used finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the experimental results reported by Billimoria and Tam for shell nozzles. The analysis showed the variance between stiffness coefficients and stresses obtained by FEA and API 650 methods for tanks. In this follow-up paper, the authors present stiffness coefficients for tank nozzles located away from a structural discontinuity. Factors to establish spring rates for nozzles varying from 6 to 48 inches and tank diameters from 30 feet to 300 feet and for nozzles at different elevations on the shell are provided. Mathematical equations are provided together with graphs for the stiffness coefficient factors.
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Tetteh-Wayoe, Debra. "Shell Corrosion Allowance for Aboveground Storage Tanks." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64501.

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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. utilizes aboveground crude oil storage tanks for operational flexibility and merchant storage purposes. Most of these tanks are built in accordance with the requirements of API 650. This standard requires that an appropriate corrosion allowance be included in the minimum shell thickness calculations. A variety of sources were researched in an effort to develop a process that ensures the selected corrosion allowance allows for the safe operation of a tank for its entire service life. Some of these sources include other API standards, historical API 653 tank inspection reports, published atmospheric corrosion rates, and corrosion allowance specifications of industrial counterparts. Defining an appropriate corrosion allowance requires consideration of a number of factors: • Whether or not the product contains significant sediments and water; • Whether or not an internal lining will be applied in accordance with API 652; • The length of time to the first out-of-service inspection; • Whether or not the tank will be externally coated; • The temperature of the product stored; • The annual precipitation at the specified location; • The average chloride concentration in rainwater at the specified location. During the course of the corrosion allowance study, the issue of maximum allowable design stress was also considered. The allowable stress values specified in the standard for construction of new tanks (API 650) differs from the allowable stress values specified in the inspection standard for existing tanks (API 653). It has been suggested that the incremental difference between the minimum shell thicknesses calculated using API 650 instead of API 653 could be designated as corrosion allowance. This paper will describe the corrosion allowance calculations in detail as well as address the issue of maximum allowable design stress.
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Chebaro, Mohamed R., Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi, and Howard K. Yue. "Steel Storage Tank Shell Settlement Assessment Based on Finite Element and API Standard 653 Analyses." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64294.

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API Standard 653 addresses issues related to the inspection, repair, alteration and reconstruction of steel storage tanks built according to API Standard 650 or API 12C to help maintain tank integrity. Although the standard covers three types of tank settlement, namely edge, bottom and shell, this paper focuses on the assessment of shell settlement. It also provides a comparison between an analytical model based on API Standard 653 and a finite element analysis (FEA) model that replicates field operating loading and settlement conditions of storage tanks. A basis for comparison between both models was established from the maximum allowable settlement and strain values. Several scenarios were generated using actual field data collected from steel storage tanks located in Alberta to illustrate the correlation between the two models. Specific information on the storage tanks under consideration cannot be disclosed for confidentiality reasons.
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Botsis, Ch, G. Anagnostides, and N. Kokavesis. "Seismic Design of Cylindrical and Spherical Storage Tanks According to API and Eurocode: A Difficult Merge in Design Philosophies." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2109.

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Herein a comprehensive review and comparison of the parameters used in design of cylindrical tanks according to API 650 and Eurocodes is presented. API 650 is extensively used in many countries, including Greece, for the design of storage tanks. The European Community has developed a set of structural design codes named Eurocodes. They are the gathering and combination of existing design knowledge of many member states. Some of these codes are already mandatory in many member states, whereas others are still under discussion and improvement. The design of storage tanks is covered in the last editions of Eurocodes. It was found that the seismic design according to Eurocodes is more conservative that of API 650. As compared to API 650, the thickness of the first, second, and third courses of storage tanks needs to be increased by 15% or 20% on average, when the seismic design requirements of Eurocodes is used. Similarly the thickness of the bottom plate under the first course, must also be increased to comply with the seismic design requirements of Eurocodes. Most likely Eurocodes will be mandatory in the European Union, and therefore it is important to study and discuss the main differences between API 650 and Eurocodes. Undoubtedly API 650 is a historic and well-tested code. It has been applied in the design of storage tanks all over the world, however compliance with local and European laws is required to issue an installation license.
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Fan, Haigui, Zhiping Chen, and Futeng Wan. "Optimization Calculation Method of Wall Thickness for Large Oil Storage Tank Made of High Strength Steel." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45382.

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Optimization calculation method determining wall thickness for large oil storage tank made of high strength steel is investigated in this paper. Taking three oil storage tanks with different volumes of 10×104 m3, 15×104 m3 and 20×104 m3 for examples, the wall thickness calculation methods of API 650, GB 50341, JIS B 8501 and BS EN 14015 have been analyzed and compared. Results show that as the volume of oil storage tank increases, some wall thickness calculation results of the standards have been larger than the allowable value, leading to the unreasonable distribution of the wall circumferential stress. The wall thickness calculation result applying the method of API 650 is more reasonable than other standards. While for the tanks made of high strength steel, like 12MnNiVR (GB 50341), the yield ratio of the steel has reached 0.803, which is larger than the upper limit value of API 650. In order to make up the deficiency, an optimization method based on API 650 is presented, which considers the effects of yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio on the determination of allowable stress. Taking the 20×104 m3 oil storage tank and selecting a proper welded joint efficiency, the wall thickness is calculated by the presented optimization method. The wall thickness calculation result is more reasonable and the circumferential stress distribution is more homogeneous when the safety factor of tensile strength is taken to be 2.4. Results show that the optimization method is applicable to the thickness calculation of oil storage tanks made of high strength steel.
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Chen, Zhiping, Bo Sun, Chulin Yu, Zhou Fang, and Ming Zeng. "Comparison of the Strength Design and Prevention Method of Elephant Foot Buckling Among Countries’ Standards of Oil Tanks." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77608.

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In China a large number of tanks whose volumes are greater than 100000 m3 are necessary to be built for establishing the oil reserves system with four levels, which include national strategic oil reserve, commercial oil reserves in the three major oil companies, oil reserves in local governments and general enterprises. Oil tanks built in China were mostly welded tanks and on the ground. The difference among the methods of the strength design of the tank side plate designed by countries’ standards such as API 650, JIS B 8501, BS EN 14015 and GB 50341 is discussed. And the reason why API 650 is used by China engineering company is given. Then kinds of prevention methods about the tank wall elephant foot buckling by earthquake which were designed according to different national standards are compared. It is pointed out that the calculation methods of the tank wall’s allowable compressive stresses and longititude compressive stresses designed by national standards are different. At last the existing problems and the appropriate solutions are analyzed briefly.
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Vathi, Maria, Patricia Pappa, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Seismic Response of Unanchored Liquid Storage Tanks." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97700.

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Unanchored liquid storage tanks under strong seismic loading may exhibit uplifting of their bottom plate, with significant effects on the dynamic behavior and the structural integrity of the tank. In the present paper, base uplifting mechanics is examined numerically through a two-step methodology: (a) a detailed finite element shell model of the tank for incremental static analysis, capable of describing the state of stress and deformation at different levels of loading and (b) a simplified modeling of the tank as a spring-mass system for dynamic analysis, enhanced by a nonlinear spring at its base to account for the effects of uplifting. Three cylindrical liquid storage tanks of different aspect ratios are modeled and examined both as anchored and unanchored. The results are aimed at possible revisions in the relevant seismic design provisions of EN 1998-4 and API 650.
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Vathi, Maria, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Effects of Base Uplifting on the Seismic Response of Unanchored Liquid Storage Tanks." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78031.

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Unanchored liquid storage tanks under strong earthquake loading tend to uplift. In the present study, the effects of base uplifting on the seismic response of unanchored tanks are presented with emphasis on elephant’s foot buckling, base plate strength and shell-to-base connection capacity. Towards this purpose, base uplifting mechanics is analyzed through a detailed simulation of the tank using non-linear finite elements, and a static pushover analysis is conducted that considers the hydrodynamic pressure distribution due to seismic loading on the tank wall and the base plate. The uplifting provisions from EN 1998-4 and API 650 Appendix E standards are briefly described. Numerical results for a typical 27.8-meter-diameter steel tank are compared with the above design provisions.
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Prueter, Phillip E., and Seetha Ramudu Kummari. "Evaluating Large Aboveground Storage Tanks Subject to Seismic Loading: Part I — Closed-Form Solutions and Equivalent Static Analysis." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84836.

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Evaluating the dynamic response of large, aboveground storage tanks exposed to seismic loading is multifaceted. There are foundation-structure and fluid-structure interaction effects that can influence the overall tank behavior and likely failure modes. Additionally, local stresses at anchor bolt support chair attachments and the shell-to-floor junction can be difficult to quantify without detailed finite element analysis (FEA). Often times, performing explicit dynamic analysis with liquid sloshing effects can be time consuming, expensive, and even impractical. The intent of this paper is to summarize simplified analysis techniques that can be leveraged to evaluate aboveground storage tanks subject to seismic loading. Closed-form calculations to establish a recommended design for a tank, including seismic considerations, are available in storage tank design standards, including API 650 [1] (Appendix E). Seismic design standards have evolved significantly in recent years. Furthermore, for many vintage, in-service storage tanks, explicit seismic considerations were not incorporated into the original design. In Part I of this study, these design equations and other closed-form solutions are used to evaluate the structural integrity of a large, in-service, mechanically-anchored storage tank. The design equations in API 650 [1] are used to form the basis of simplified, equivalent static analysis, where seismic loads are applied to a three-dimensional FEA model via equivalent lateral body forces. These practical results are then compared to explicit dynamic seismic behavior of the same tank with fluid-structure interaction effects considered (in Part II of this study [2]). These comparisons offer insight into the appropriateness of using simplified hand-calculations and equivalent static analysis (and their relative conservatism) in lieu of more rigorous explicit dynamic and fluid sloshing simulations.
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Lorentz, Thomas E. "An Overview of Seismic Design of Field Erected Aboveground Storage Tanks in Accordance with API Standard 650, Appendix E." In Structures Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40946(248)58.

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Reports on the topic "API 650 Tanks"

1

Malone, Ryan, and Sandstone Engineering. SNL API-653 In-Service Tank Inspection and Evaluation Tank ID: 981-A2-T0 (West). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561198.

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