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Journal articles on the topic 'API 650 Tanks'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lu, Z., D. V. Swenson, and D. L. Fenton. "Frangible Roof Joint Behavior of Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Designed to API 650 Rules." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 118, no. 3 (1996): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842195.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation into the frangible joint behavior of tanks designed to API 650 rules. In such tanks, the roof-to-shell joint is intended to fail in the event of overpressurization, venting the tank and containing any remaining fluid. The reasoning behind present API design formulas is reviewed. Combustion analyses, structural analyses, and the results of testing are presented. Results show that higher pressures are reached before frangible joint failure than predicted by the present API 650 calculation. One consequence is that (for empty tanks) uplift of the

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2

Lengsfeld, Manfred, Ken Bardia, Jaan Taagepera, Kanajett Hathaitham, Donald La Bounty, and Mark Lengsfeld. "Analysis of Loads for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (2006): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748829.

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The analysis of tank nozzles for API 650, (American Petroleum Institute, 1998, API Standard 650, 10th ed.) tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom, 1997, ASME Paper No. 77-PVP-19 and the other by Billimoria and Tam 1980, ASME Paper No. 80-C2/PVP-5. Although Appendix P is optional, the industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120feet(33.6m) in diameter this Appendix is not

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3

Malhotra, Praveen. "Practical Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Tanks." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (2000): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586122.

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Liquid-storage tanks, designed as per the minimum requirements of API Standard 650 (1996), AWWA Standard D100 (1996), or any other design standard, should not be expected to remain fully elastic, or undamaged, when subjected to design ground shaking. Forces prescribed in design standards are only a fraction of those obtained from a linear elastic (no damage) response analysis. Force reductions are based on the expected overstrength and ductility of the system. However, there are no practical methods to quantify the effects of these reductions on potential damage to tanks. Some type of nonlinea

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4

Kala, Zdeněk, Jakub Gottvald, Jakub Stoniš, and Abayomi Omishore. "SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS STATE IN SHELL COURSES OF WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 6, no. 1 (2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2014.957899.

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The paper deals with the analysis of reliability and safety of a welded tank for the storage of oil, which is located in the Czech Republic. The oil tank has a capacity of 125 thousand cubic meters. It is one of the largest tanks of its kind in the world. Safety is ensured by a steel outer intercepting shell and a double bottom. The tank was modelled in the programme ANSYS. The computational model was developed using the finite element method – elements SHELL181. A nonlinear contact problem was analysed for the simulation of the interaction between the bottom plate and foundation. The normativ

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5

Hermawan, Hana, and Winda Wulandari. "Review dan Analisis Degister Tank dengan fluida POME Berdasarkan API 650 Menggunakan Variable Design Point Method." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 15, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v15i1.138.

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POME merupakan produk samping dari produksi minyak kelapa sawit dengan rasio terkandung dalam kelapa sawit 58.3%. POME dapat dimanfaatkan untuk dijadikan biogas dengan teknologi pengolahan proses anaerobic menggunakan tanki berpengaduk/Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan review dan analisis digester tank dengan fluida POME berdasarkan standard American Petroleum Institute yaitu API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage menggunakan variable design point method untuk menentukan ketebalan minimum pada setiap shell tergantung pada kedalamannya, seh

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6

Mahardhika, Pekik, and Ayu Ratnasari. "Perancangan Tangki Stainless Steel untuk Penyimpanan Minyak Kelapa Murni Kapasitas 75 m3." Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa 3, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v3.i1.2018.39-46.

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Tangki merupakan wadah penyimpanan yang sering dipakai di berbagai industriseperti petrokimia, pengilangan, dan perminyakan. Tangki penyimpanan tidak hanya menjadi tempat penyimpanan untuk produk dan bahan baku tetapi juga menjaga kelancaran ketersediaan produk dan bahan baku. Selain itu, tangki juga dapat menjaga produk atau bahan baku dari kontaminan. Minyak kelapa murni adalah minyak yang dibuat dari bahan baku kelapa segar. Minyak kelapa murni memiliki daya simpan lebih dari 12 bulan sehingga diperlukan tangki penyimpanan yang memadai demi menjaga produk dari kontaminasi. ASTM 304, ASTM 31

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7

Ormeño, Miguel, Tam Larkin, and Nawawi Chouw. "Comparison between standards for seismic design of liquid storage tanks with respect to soil-foundation-structure interaction and uplift." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 1 (2012): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.1.40-46.

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Field evidence has established that strong earthquakes can cause severe damage or even collapse of liquid storage tanks. Many tanks worldwide are built near the coast on soft soils of marginal quality. Because of the difference in stiffness between the tank (rigid), foundation (rigid) and the soil (flexible), soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) has an important effect on the seismic response, often causing an elongation of the period of the impulsive mode. This elongation is likely to produce a significant change in the seismic response of the tank and will affect the loading on the s

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8

Spritzer, J. M., and S. Guzey. "Review of API 650 Annex E: Design of large steel welded aboveground storage tanks excited by seismic loads." Thin-Walled Structures 112 (March 2017): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.013.

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9

Karamanos, Spyros A., Lazaros A. Patkas, and Manolis A. Platyrrachos. "Sloshing Effects on the Seismic Design of Horizontal-Cylindrical and Spherical Industrial Vessels." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 3 (2005): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217965.

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The present paper investigates sloshing effects on the earthquake design of horizontal-cylindrical and spherical industrial vessels. Assuming small-amplitude free-surface elevation, a linearized sloshing problem is obtained, and its solution provides sloshing frequencies, modes, and masses. Based on an “impulsive-convective” decomposition of the container-fluid motion, an efficient methodology is proposed for the calculation of seismic force. The methodology gives rise to appropriate spring-mass mechanical models, which represent sloshing effects on the container-fluid system in an elegant and

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10

Rasi, José Roberto, Jorge Augusto Serafim, Wellington Mazer, Roberto Bernardo, Donizete Caunetto, and Jonathan Figueiredo Broetto. "ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE DIMENSIONAMENTO DE TANQUES VERTICAIS PARA ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA DE UTILIZANDO AS NORMAS API 650, AWWA D-100 E NBR 7821 / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGNING OF VERTICAL TANKS FOR WATER STORAGE ACCORDING TO API 650, AWWA D-100 AND, NBR 7821 STANDARDS." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 3 (2021): 26074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n3-352.

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11

Park, Bong Kwan, Jae Min Kim, Chang Min Keum, C. Kim, and Heon Oh Choi. "An Analytical Study of the Structural Integrity of an LPG Storage Tank under Wind Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.115.

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Since the wall thicknesses of most large LPG storage tanks are thin while their diameters are large, their structural integrity is one of the most important design factors. The tanks are mainly located near the waterfront for efficient transport and accessibility. This leads to exposure to wind loads, which should be considered in the design of the tanks. This paper describes an analytical technique for determining the structural integrity of a 45m diameter-LPG storage tank in the case of a wind load based on API 620 code. A finite element model for the tank was made using shell elements and a

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12

Satiawan, Budi, and Tanjung Rahayu Raswitaningrum. "EVALUASI PENURUNAN PONDASI TANGKI MINYAK SESUAI API 653." Konstruksia 11, no. 2 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/jk.11.2.127-133.

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Lapangan pengolahan minyak dan gas menyimpan banyak fasilitas peralatan berupa tangki pelat baja yang melayani penyimpanan fluida diantaranya berupa minyak. Beberapa masalah yang mungkin terjadi pada tangki yang telah beroperasi sekian lama adalah penurunan pada pondasi. Suatu tangki yang telah beroperasi sekitar 20 tahun terindikasi secara visual telah mengalami kemiringan. Indikasi awal terhadap kemiringan tersebut adalah telah terjadinya penurunan tidak seragam (differential settlement) pada pondasi tangki. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah tangki tersebut masih dapat digunakan d

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13

Kholis, Ikhsan. "Analisa Corrosion Rate dan Remaining Life Pada Storage Tank T-XYZ Berdasarkan API 653 di Kilang PPSDM Migas." Jurnal Nasional Pengelolaan Energi MigasZoom 2, no. 2 (2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37525/mz/2020-2/259.

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Salah satu peralatan yang banyak terdapat dalam industri migas adalah tangki penimbun. Keberadaan tangki penimbun sangat vital pada produksi industri perminyakan. Sering terjadi kecelakaan yang menimpa tangki timbun dalam industri migas yang menimbulkan kerugian besar. Pada tulisan ini dibahas tentang corrosion rate dan remaining life pada aboveground existing fixed cone roof tank dalam kondisi in-service dengan API Std 653 sebagai standar acuan.

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14

Nurcahyo, Nurcahyo, Rispiandi Rispiandi, Randy Surya Kusumah, and Sandra Sopian. "Simulator Storage Tank: Sebuah Alat Praktikum Untuk Melatih Pengoperasian Tangki." FLUIDA 11, no. 2 (2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/fluida.v11i2.85.

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Storage tank merupakan tangki penyimpanan untuk fluida cair dan gas. Dalam penelitian ini, storage tank digunakan untuk proses loading dan unloading fluida cair dan gas dengan tujuan untuk melihat fenomena yang akan terjadi akibat kekeliruan karena venting tidak dibuka yang akan menimbulkan potensi ledakan untuk proses loading dan bahaya collapse untuk proses unloading. Parameter yang digunakan adalah variasi laju alir volumetrik terhadap waktu dan tekanan ketika ledakan serta collapse. Adapun spesifikasi dari storage tank yang dibuat sesuai dengan desain dan rancangan dari API 620 dan 650 den

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15

Osnitsky, Alexey K. "We Grew Up on Shoulders of Our Predecessors: on Anniversary of Alexander I. Krupnov." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 16, no. 4 (2019): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-4-651-669.

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The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the birth of Dr. habil. in Psychology, Professor A.I. Krupnov. It analyzes the continuity and achievements of scientiﬁc research on diﬀerential psychology in Russian science. Advantages of A.I. Krupnov’s psychological researches and the employees of Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education are revealed. The man of the year developed a holistic conceptual foundation of the personality traits’ formation, combining the interaction of direct-sensory and conscious components of human activities. Theoretically grounded and practicall

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16

Henning, Jolene M., and Thomas G. Weidner. "Role Strain in Collegiate Athletic Training Approved Clinical Instructors." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 3 (2008): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.275.

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Abstract Context: Certified athletic trainers who serve as Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) in the collegiate setting are balancing various roles (eg, patient care and related administrative tasks, clinical education). Whether this balancing act is associated with role strain in athletic trainers has not been examined. Objective: To examine the degree of, and contributing factors (eg, socialization experiences, professional and employment demographics, job congruency) to, role strain in collegiate ACIs. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Geographically stratified random sample

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17

Wong, F. M. G., W. J. Craft, and G. H. East. "Stresses and Displacements in Vessels due to Loads Imposed by Single and Multiple Piping Attachments." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 1 (1985): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264404.

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The Fourier solution for thin shell equations models pressure vessels as continuous simply connected surfaces with local loads. The technique allows placement of tractions with combinations of radial, shear, and axial components. Unlike Bijlaard, the solution in this paper includes loads placed at any position along the cylinder. Stiffness and the enhanced load-carrying capacity that internal pressure gives to thin vessels can be simulated. Numerical convergence problems are reduced by an improved displacement-load algorithm, and by use of load sites that allow the circular functions to be com

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18

Wang, F. P., F. Jerry Lucia, and Charles Kerans. "Integrated Reservoir Characterization Study of a Carbonate Ramp Reservoir: Seminole San Andres Unit, Gaines County, Texas." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 1, no. 02 (1998): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36515-pa.

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Abstract An integrated reservoir characterization of Seminole San Andres Unit was conducted using outcrop and subsurface data. The high-frequency cycles and rock-fabric facies identified on outcrop and cores were used to correlate wireline logs. Reservoir and simulation models of the outcrop and a two-section area of the Seminole San Andres field were constructed using rock-fabric units within high-frequency cycles (HFC's) as a geologic framework. Simulations were performed using these models to investigate critical factors affecting recovery. High-frequency cycles and rock-fabric units are th

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19

Al-Shammasi, A. A. "A Review of Bubblepoint Pressure and Oil Formation Volume Factor Correlations." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 02 (2001): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71302-pa.

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Summary This paper evaluates published correlations and neural-network models for bubblepoint pressure (pb) and oil formation volume factor (Bo) for their accuracy and flexibility in representing hydrocarbon mixtures from different locations worldwide. The study presents a new, improved correlation for pb based on global data. It also presents new neural-network models and compares their performances to numerical correlations. The evaluation examines the performance of correlations with their original published coefficients and with new coefficients calculated based on global data, data from s

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20

Cobanoglu, Cihan, Muhittin Cavusoglu, and Gozde Turktarhan. "A beginner’s guide and best practices for using crowdsourcing platforms for survey research: The Case of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)." Journal of Global Business Insights 6, no. 1 (2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.6.1.1177.

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Introduction Researchers around the globe are utilizing crowdsourcing tools to reach respondents for quantitative and qualitative research (Chambers & Nimon, 2019). Many social science and business journals are receiving studies that utilize crowdsourcing tools such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), Qualtrics, MicroWorkers, ShortTask, ClickWorker, and Crowdsource (e.g., Ahn, & Back, 2019; Ali et al., 2021; Esfahani, & Ozturk, 2019; Jeong, & Lee, 2017; Zhang et al., 2017). Even though the use of these tools presents a great opportunity for sharing large quantities of data quick

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21

Bohra, Harsh, Eyas Azzuni, and Sukru Guzey. "Seismic Analysis of Open-Top Storage Tanks With Flexible Foundation." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 141, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043373.

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The behavior of aboveground storage tanks subjected to seismic excitation was investigated using numerical methods by taking flexibility of foundation into account. The hydrostatic load due to stored liquid has an axisymmetric distribution on the tank shell and base. However, during seismic events, the hydrodynamic load originating from the seismic acceleration of liquid in the tank starts to act in the direction of the earthquake motion. This leads to a nonaxisymmetric loading distribution, which may result in buckling and uplifting of the tank structure. Finite element models were created ha

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22

Sathyanarayanan, Sridhar, and Seshu M. R. Adluri. "Incorporation of Friction Coefficient in the Design Equations for Elevated Temperature Tanks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 135, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007042.

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Storage tanks operating at elevated temperatures (200 °F to 500 °F) need to consider stresses due to thermal expansions and restraints, due to the tank shell and bottom plate interactions and operating conditions in addition to the design requirements for ambient temperature tanks. Appendix M of API Standard 650 provides additional requirements and guidelines for the design of tanks operating at elevated temperatures. These are based on Karcher's method which gives a simplified procedure for determining the stresses (strain range) in the tank wall and bottom plate. A factor named “C” is used f

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23

Chiang, Yen-Chen, and Sukru Guzey. "Influence of Internal Inward Pressure on Stability of Open-Top Aboveground Steel Tanks Subjected to Wind Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 141, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4042992.

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The results of wind tunnel tests indicate that there is an internal inward pressure induced by wind excitation when open-top tanks are examined, but not when close-top tanks are examined. This internal pressure is considered in many design documents outside of the U.S., however, ASCE-7 and API 650 do not explicitly address this factor. This study examined the effect of this internal pressure by conducting finite element analyses. Open-top tanks with height to diameter ratios of 0.11, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 were modeled using a finite element program. A linear bifurcation analysis and a po

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24

De Biagi, Valerio, Bernardino Chiaia, Luca Fiorentini, and Cristina Zannini Quirini. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Fuel Storage Tanks in Italy." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 141, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040313.

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Seismic hazard represents one of the possible triggering causes for NaTech accidents in refineries and production plants. The vulnerability of steel storage tanks was evaluated within the framework of a rapid risk assessment. Tanks dataset is composed of 70 refinery items in located in various parts of Italy and the seismic calculations are performed in accordance to API 650 Annex E Standard. The paper summarizes the results of the investigation through two normalized parameters related to the masses and to the seismic load. Some trends in the solution are highlighted. The empirical fragility

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25

Cano-Ramírez, Jaime, José Manuel Flores-Pérez, Fernando Ambriz-Colín, and José Josías Ávilez-Ferrera. "Mantenimiento a Recipiente Contenedor Cilíndrico Vertical." Revista de Ingeniería Mecánica, March 31, 2019, 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/jme.2019.9.3.20.24.

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Keep in safe operability conditions, using the calculations to apply mechanical processes and in order to detect any anomaly that allow timely take preventive actions and repair the elements that are part of the containers in poor condition or outside the rules that govern them. In the rings using analytical methods such as the verification of thicknesses by calculating them by the methods specified in API 653 Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction of Tanks American Petroleum Institute, finding if they are outside the appropriate regulations by comparison with what is measured in re

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26

Azzuni, E., and S. Guzey. "Stability of Open Top Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks: Design of Top Wind Girder." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 139, no. 3 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4035507.

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Design of the top wind stiffeners of aboveground storage tanks designed to the requirements of API 650 is investigated. The current design methodology is based on intuition and experience without a sound technical justification. This paper investigates a diameter limit to be used in the design of the top stiffener ring by using finite-element analysis (FEA) in a parametric study. Linear bifurcation analysis (LBA) and geometrically nonlinear analysis including imperfections (GNIA) were performed on cylindrical storage tanks. By modeling tanks with different diameters and limiting the design of

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27

Tomović, Radoslav, Samir Dizdar, Safet Isić, Smajo Tuka, and Isak Karabegović. "FEM analysis of inspection manhole on large steel tanks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, November 11, 2020, 095440892097414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920974142.

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the correct application of FEM analysis can be used to find effective solutions for the design of mechanical structures. The design of the inspection openings on the tanks is being considered. There are several existing tanks of the same dimensions (20 m high and diameter 10,2 m), but they have different wall thicknesses (9,6; 15; 20 and 25 mm). For inspection purposes, assembly of manhole hatch on all tanks is required. The manhole hatch is designed applying standard API 650. All tanks are filled with the water to the top 20 m high. Several differen

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28

Sathyanarayanan, Sridhar, and Seshu M. R. Adluri. "Fatigue Stress Evaluation at Shell-to-Bottom Joint With Double Plastic Hinge in Elevated Temperature Steel Tanks on Concrete Ring Walls." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 137, no. 4 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4027202.

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The shell-to-bottom joint of hydrocarbon storage tanks is a critical location which may experience fatigue cracking and requires evaluation of the local cyclic stresses especially in the case of elevated temperature tanks. The fill/draw down cycle of the stored liquid causes low cycle fatigue near this joint and hence a fatigue evaluation is recommended. The peak alternating stress at this location, used to enter the fatigue curves is currently determined using a pseudo-elastic analysis that represents strain range due to inelastic deformations. API 650 employs beam on elastic foundation theor

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Sun, Tianlong, Eyas Azzuni, and Sukru Guzey. "Stability of Open-Topped Storage Tanks With Top Stiffener and One Intermediate Stiffener Subject to Wind Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 140, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038723.

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Aboveground vertical steel storage tanks use stiffener rings to prevent their shell wall from buckling under wind loading. The existing stiffener rings design rules from API 650 standard is known to be overly conservative. This study investigates the possibility of modifying the design rules by reducing the required size of the top stiffener ring to the same size as the intermediate stiffener ring. In this study, we used finite element analysis (FEA) to perform linear bifurcation analysis (LBA) and geometrically nonlinear analysis including imperfections (GNIA) to obtain failure load of modele

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30

Brien, Donna Lee. "A Taste of Singapore: Singapore Food Writing and Culinary Tourism." M/C Journal 17, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.767.

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Introduction Many destinations promote culinary encounters. Foods and beverages, and especially how these will taste in situ, are being marketed as niche travel motivators and used in destination brand building across the globe. While initial usage of the term culinary tourism focused on experiencing exotic cultures of foreign destinations by sampling unfamiliar food and drinks, the term has expanded to embrace a range of leisure travel experiences where the aim is to locate and taste local specialities as part of a pleasurable, and hopefully notable, culinary encounter (Wolf). Long’s foundati

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