Relevant bibliographies by topics / API 653

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Academic literature on the topic 'API 653'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "API 653"

1

Satiawan, Budi, and Tanjung Rahayu Raswitaningrum. "EVALUASI PENURUNAN PONDASI TANGKI MINYAK SESUAI API 653." Konstruksia 11, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/jk.11.2.127-133.

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Lapangan pengolahan minyak dan gas menyimpan banyak fasilitas peralatan berupa tangki pelat baja yang melayani penyimpanan fluida diantaranya berupa minyak. Beberapa masalah yang mungkin terjadi pada tangki yang telah beroperasi sekian lama adalah penurunan pada pondasi. Suatu tangki yang telah beroperasi sekitar 20 tahun terindikasi secara visual telah mengalami kemiringan. Indikasi awal terhadap kemiringan tersebut adalah telah terjadinya penurunan tidak seragam (differential settlement) pada pondasi tangki. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah tangki tersebut masih dapat digunakan dan dalam kondisi aman untuk dioperasikan atau memerlukan perbaikan. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi penurunan yang terjadi pada tangki tersebut sesuai metode analisis pada American Petroleum Institute (API) 653. API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, fifth edition memberikan rekomendasi metoda untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap penurunan tanah (settlement). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tangki di beberapa titik telah melebih batas penurunan maksimum sehingga diperlukan adanya perbaikan lebih lanjut.
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M., Ananda, Sabitha Nair, and Mainak H. "ARINC 653 API and its application – An insight into Avionics System Case Study." Defence Science Journal 63, no. 2 (March 23, 2013): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.4268.

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Kholis, Ikhsan. "Analisa Corrosion Rate dan Remaining Life Pada Storage Tank T-XYZ Berdasarkan API 653 di Kilang PPSDM Migas." Jurnal Nasional Pengelolaan Energi MigasZoom 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37525/mz/2020-2/259.

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Salah satu peralatan yang banyak terdapat dalam industri migas adalah tangki penimbun. Keberadaan tangki penimbun sangat vital pada produksi industri perminyakan. Sering terjadi kecelakaan yang menimpa tangki timbun dalam industri migas yang menimbulkan kerugian besar. Pada tulisan ini dibahas tentang corrosion rate dan remaining life pada aboveground existing fixed cone roof tank dalam kondisi in-service dengan API Std 653 sebagai standar acuan.
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Kala, Zdeněk, Jakub Gottvald, Jakub Stoniš, and Abayomi Omishore. "SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS STATE IN SHELL COURSES OF WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 6, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2014.957899.

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The paper deals with the analysis of reliability and safety of a welded tank for the storage of oil, which is located in the Czech Republic. The oil tank has a capacity of 125 thousand cubic meters. It is one of the largest tanks of its kind in the world. Safety is ensured by a steel outer intercepting shell and a double bottom. The tank was modelled in the programme ANSYS. The computational model was developed using the finite element method – elements SHELL181. A nonlinear contact problem was analysed for the simulation of the interaction between the bottom plate and foundation. The normative approach in design and check of tanks according to standards API 650, ČSN EN 14015, EEMUA 159 and API 653 is mentioned. The dominant loading of the filled tank is from oil. The normative solution is based on the shell theory, which considers constant wall thickness. For real tanks sheet thicknesses of individual courses increase with increasing depth. Stochastic sensitivity analysis was used to study the effect of the variability of the thickness of the ith course on the stress of adjacent courses. The Latin Hypercube Sampling method was implemented during analysis.
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Gruchenkova, Alesya, Aleksandr Tarasenko, and Petr Chepur. "Modeling of storage tank settlement based on the United States standards." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814301008.

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Up to 60% of storage tanks in operation have uneven settlement of the outer bottom contour, which often leads to accidents. Russian and foreign regulatory documents have different requirements for strain limits of metal structures. There is an increasing need for harmonizing regulatory documents. The aim of this study is to theoretically justify and to assess the possibility of applying the U.S. standards for specifying the allowable settlement of storage tanks used in Russia. The allowable uneven settlement was calculated for a vertical steel tank (VST-20000) according to API-653, a standard of the American Petroleum Institute. The calculated allowable settlement levels were compared with those established by Russian standards. Based on the finite element method, the uneven settlement development process of a storage tank was modeled. Stress-strain state parameters of tank structures were obtained at the critical levels established in API-653. Relationships of maximum equivalent stresses in VST metal structures to the vertical settlement component for settlement zones of 6 to 72 m in length were determined. When the uneven settlement zone is 6 m in length, the limit state is found to be caused by 30-mm vertical settlement, while stresses in the wall exceed 330 MPa. When the uneven settlement zone is 36 m in length, stresses reach the yield point only at 100-mm vertical settlement.
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Naranjo-Flores, Milton G., Lenin S. Orozco-Cantos, Santiago A. López-Ortiz, Milton I. Quinga-Morales, Edwin F. Viteri-Núñez, and Gloria E. Miño Cascante. "Proyecto de diseño de un Plan de Mantenimiento de tanques de almacenamiento: Techo de domo geodésico." Polo del Conocimiento 3, no. 5 (May 4, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/pc.v3i5.491.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Este artículo plantea un plan de mantenimiento acorde a las nuevas tecnologías de mantenimiento y que se correspondan con los nuevos tipos de tanques de techo de domo geodésico, que se instalan como parte de la modernización de la planta ubicada en la Refinería Estatal Esmeraldas. Para este proyecto se tomó como referencia la norma API 653, considerando las normas encontradas y analizadas como es RP 579, Std 620, Std 650 RP 651, RP 652, Std 2000, RP 2003, STD 2015, RP 2016, Publ 2201, RP 2207, Publ 2217A, ASME 1, SNT-TC-1A, ASTM3, D1, STD 2610. El análisis de los resultados, permitió obtener un plan de mantenimiento preventivo detallado en actividades, personal, tiempo y frecuencias de realización con costos aproximados a la actualidad de personal, equipos y materiales que se utilizaran en cada una de las actividades de mantenimiento, calculado para toda la vida útil del tanque, para realizar un diagnóstico preventivo para evitar o disminuir daños a largo y corto plazo, en base a sus necesidades y condiciones de operación. Entre sus conclusiones, se propone la necesidad de insertar el plan de mantenimiento de forma integral en la empresa, gestionando la utilización de las tablas de actividades que contienen, frecuencia de tiempo, personal, herramientas, materiales y equipos, el mismo que proporciona la seguridad y calidad para el desarrollo y mejoramiento de sus tanques.</p>
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Wisnugroho, Joko, and Sutomo. "Numerical Study of Oil Storage Tanks during Planar Settlement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.95.

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Inspection and maintenance are necessary to maintain the continuity of critical equipment operations such as oil storage tank. The criteria for the various types of settlement specified in American Petroleum Institute (API) 653. However, the criteria for planar settlement could not be determined. In this paper, a finite element model is developed to study the hoop stress of the tank during planar settlement. In this paper, 384 finite element models were built in order to predict the most effective allowable planar settlement at oil storage tanks. Each model is variation of the tank size, shell plate thickness, seismic zone and planar tilt of the tank. Based on size of tank population in Pertamina, 8 of standard tank size from 500-10.000 m3 were simulated. The simulation results are validated by case study in 500-5.000 m3 full scale oil storage tank. From the results, equation for criteria of planar settlement has been created.
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Yoshida, Shoichi. "Behavior of Localized Bottom Bulge in Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks Under Liquid Pressure." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (August 31, 2001): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1426406.

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The bottom plate of aboveground oil storage tanks can bulge, separating from the foundation due to welding deformation. When such a bulge is subjected to liquid pressure, it deforms continuously to make contact with the foundation from the edge, and the remaining area of the bulge decreases with increasing liquid pressure. As a result, the deformation is extremely localized and plastic strain occurs at the bulge. This paper presents a plane strain finite element analysis for the evaluation of localized bottom bulges in aboveground oil storage tanks. Load-incremental, elastic-plastic large deformation analysis is carried out considering the bottom plate contact with the foundation. The relationship of the plastic strain at the bulged bottom plate to the liquid pressure is discussed together with the deformation of the bulge. As a result, the bottom plate thickness has a significant effect on the deformation, but the bulged height does not. After the bulged center makes contact with the foundation, the stress and strain do not increase with increasing liquid pressure. In addition, the permissible bulged profile specified by API Standard 653 elastically deforms to make contact with the foundation under low liquid pressure.
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Zickler, Michael. "SPCC INSPECTION RESULTS IN IMPROVED CORROSION PROTECTION AT MAJOR REFINERY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-135.

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ABSTRACT EPA Region 3 conducted an SPCC/FRP inspection in late 1997 by at a major east coast refinery, situated along Curtis Bay in Baltimore MD. Curtis Bay drains into the Chesapeake Bay and a release from the site could severely impact a sensitive ecological area. During the inspection, the inspectors observed evidence of deterioration in the concrete foundations of several of the tanks. A Notice of Non-Compliance was sent to the company outlining deficiencies noted during the inspection and from the SPCC plan review. The company addressed the SPCC plan deficiencies but failed to address issues regarding the tank foundations, periodic integrity testing and protection of buried piping. An Administrative Complaint was issued under Section 311 of the CWA. The company denied the allegations and asked for an administrative hearing. An Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) process was arranged. One result of the ADR was that the Facility agreed to further assess the cathodic protection system and soil corrosivity, and to evaluate the foundations of five of the ASTs. Simultaneously, EPA arranged for an expert to provide technical consulting support in the area of American Petroleum Institute (API) 653 inspections and compliance procedures. When the company submitted the results of their API inspection, they indicated that the ASTs were safe and calculated the remaining service life to exceed the 20 year inspection interval requirement. They proposed the next inspection interval to be the maximum of 20 years. EPA's consultant was able to demonstrate that the company had made incorrect assumptions about the as-built tank foundation design. This resulted in incorrect calculations regarding the degree of existing cathodic protection. As a result, EPA prevailed in recalculating a service life/internal inspection interval of 4.58 years and requiring some additional corrective measures to be taken at the facility. The result of EPA's action is that the ASTs located at the site will be operated with a higher degree of safety and environmental protection.
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Lengsfeld, Manfred, Ken Bardia, Jaan Taagepera, Kanajett Hathaitham, Donald La Bounty, and Mark Lengsfeld. "Analysis of Loads for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (September 27, 2006): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748829.

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The analysis of tank nozzles for API 650, (American Petroleum Institute, 1998, API Standard 650, 10th ed.) tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom, 1997, ASME Paper No. 77-PVP-19 and the other by Billimoria and Tam 1980, ASME Paper No. 80-C2/PVP-5. Although Appendix P is optional, the industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120feet(33.6m) in diameter this Appendix is not applicable. In previously published papers, the authors used finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the experimental results reported by Billimoria and Tam for low-type nozzles. The analysis showed the variance between stiffness coefficients and stresses obtained by FEA and API 650 methods for tanks. In this paper, the authors have expanded the scope to include almost any size of nozzle as well as tank size. Stress factors for nozzles at different elevations on the shell are provided. Nozzles located away from a discontinuity are analyzed based on the method provided by the Welding Research Council (WRC), New York, Bulletin No. 297, 1987. Stress reduction factors have been developed using FEA for nozzles located closer to a discontinuity. Mathematical equations are provided together with the curves for the stress factors. The results of this paper have been incorporated into Appendix P of API 650 with the Addendum 3 of the 10th edition which was issued in 2003.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "API 653"

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Reyna, Barandiarán Alvaro Gerardo Jesús. "Inspección de fondo de tanques de almadenamiento API 650 mediante emisión acústica." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6248.

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En la actualidad existe una gran cantidad de tanques de almacenamiento en la industria petrolera, los cuales deben ser inspeccionados con cierta periodicidad para garantizar su buen estado. El mayor problema que existe en la actualidad es que las refinerías evitan realizar estas tareas debido al prolongado tiempo de inspección y se requiere dejar fuera de servicio a los tanques evaluados. En muchas ocasiones, las inspecciones ofrecen resultados favorables, indicando que los tanques se encuentran en buen estado; sin embargo, con la finalidad de evitar que un equipo quede fuera de servicio durante la inspección, se plantea emplear una técnica alternativa de la emisión acústica, la cual evalúe la integridad de los fondos de tanques de almacenamiento, permitiendo un ahorro de tiempo y dinero a la industria petrolífera. La presente tesis está avocada a implementar y documentar la técnica alternativa de inspección de tanques de almacenamiento API- 650, partiendo de los procedimientos generales de inspección hasta la aplicación en un caso específico, cuyos resultados obtenidos mostraron la gran capacidad del método de Emisión Acústica para evaluar la integrad de los fondos de tanques de almacenamiento.
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Li, Xinshan. "Modelling levator ani mechanics during the second stage of labour." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6539.

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This thesis presents a modelling framework that quantitatively analyses the mechanical behaviour of the levator ani (LA) muscle during the second stage of labour. This modelling framework would enable the identification of risk factors (for muscle birth simulations. Both factors showed marked effects on the mechanical response of the LA muscle. The dorsal-caudal aspect of the LA muscle and the insertions to the pubis were identified as high risk areas of muscle damage, due to large stretches (>2.5) predicted by the model. LA muscle trauma at these locations has also been observed clinically. This modelling framework was then applied to simulate the use of an intra- vaginal device test in order to investigate the passive muscle properties in control and high impact, frequent intense training (HIFIT) women. Results of this study suggest no difference in the passive stiffness between these two groups, which is in contrast to previous findings based on a simplified conceptual model. However, the relative difference in the average force was comparable with previous results. The study demonstrated the ability of the modelling framework to quantitatively interpret clinical data in silico.
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SantAnna, Alexandre Magno de Souza. "Efeito da hidrogenação em solução NS4 nas propriedades do aço API 5L X-65." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1287.

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O comportamento do aço API 5L X65 foi estudado em solução sintética NS4. Estudou-se o efeito da hidrogenação ao aplicar um potencial catódico nas amostras de tração e de impacto Charpy. Estas amostras foram imersas em solução saturada de sulfato de cobre para evitar a saída de hidrogênio, sendo posteriormente foram testadas à tração e ao impacto. Algumas amostras foram tratadas superficialmente por shot peening antes de serem hidrogenadas. Após todos esses tratamentos foi medida a tensão residual nas amostras por tensometria de raios X. Adicionalmente, foram levantadas curvas de polarização anódica e catódica do aço na solução NS4 desaerada com nitrogênio gasoso e simulado o equilíbrio químico desta solução. As superfícies de fratura das amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura.
The behavior of API 5L X-65 steel immersed in synthetic solution NS4 was studied. The changes caused on the effect of the hydrogen when applying a cathodic electrical potential on tensile and impact samples were also studied. The samples were immersed into saturate solution of copper sulfate to avoid the hydrogen desorption and after that, were performed tensile and impact tests. Some samples were submitted to shot peening process before suffering the hydrogen action. After these treatments the residual stress was determined by X ray tensometry. Additionally, cathodic and anodic polarization curves were obtained in NS4 solution deaerated with nitrogen gas. Moreover, the chemical balance of NS4 solution was performed. The fracture surfaces of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
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Song, Jane (Zhiyan). "What is the cost of the APB 23 assertion? indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings, investment profitability, and financial reporting incentives." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6503.

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In December 2017, Congress enacted the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (TCJA), which transitioned the U.S. to a quasi-territorial tax system and reduced incentives for U.S. multinational firms to invest overseas. Although prior studies find that the U.S. repatriation tax motivates firms to reinvest earnings offshore, they do not differentiate between investment outcomes attributable to tax deferral and financial reporting motives. I investigate the effect of financial reporting incentives to designate foreign earnings as indefinitely reinvested (IRFE) under APB 23 on foreign investment. Using a sample of U.S. multinational firms from 2007-2015, I decompose reported IRFE into a component based on investment and tax incentives to invest overseas (predicted IRFE), and a residual component that captures financial reporting incentives (excess IRFE). I find that excess IRFE are positively correlated with a history of benchmark-beating and CEO equity incentives. Excess IRFE, but not predicted IRFE, are significantly negatively associated with future foreign pretax ROA, especially relative to an estimated benchmark ROA. An increase in excess IRFE of one percent of assets is associated with a cumulative reduction of approximately 66 to 79 basis points in foreign pretax ROA and foreign ROA gap over the next three years. Among a set of privately owned firms, which face reduced reporting incentives, excess IRFE is not associated with future foreign profitability. Moreover, excess IRFE is associated with greater total cash holdings and foreign short-term investments than predicted IRFE. These results suggest that financial reporting incentives play a significant role in the accumulation of foreign earnings abroad and have negative profitability consequences.
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Alves, Adriano Almeida. "Uso de indicadores para a an?lise ambiental na unidade de conserva??o apa Serra Branca - Ba." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2018. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/673.

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The creation of Conservation Units has been showing the most widespread idea in our current conception of nature conservation, mainly with the various transformations that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century. The Environmental Protection Areas (APA) are an example of Conservation Units, as is the case of APA Serra Branca, a Sustainable Use Conservation Unit. There are several criteria used for the delimitation of a Conservation Unit, and the risk of environmental vulnerability is one of them, so this work aimed to analyze the environmental vulnerability of the APA Serra Branca through environmental indicators for the elaboration of an Environmental Zoning, using variables that point out and quantify vulnerable areas as a means of responding if environmental indicators are capable of measuring environmental vulnerability, making it possible to infer about environmental sustainability and the possible fragilities and potentialities of the area. The application of geoprocessing techniques subsidized the analysis and integration of data and information, as well as the generation of products, such as cartographic. It was these techniques that made it possible to obtain the results such as: Map of Critical Areas; Modeling of the Environmental Vulnerability of the APA Serra Branca and Environmental Zoning of the APA Serra Branca. In order to define the critical areas, the criteria proposed by Bessa Junior and Muller were taken into account, taking into account environmental indicators (Hypsometry, Declivity, Hydrography) that were crossed through the intersection with the land Use and Coverage map. The modeling developed was based on criteria adapted from Crepani to local reality. The map of environmental vulnerability derived from map algebra related to the themes: Land Declivity, Use and Coverage, Geomorphology, Geology and Soils, for each variable, a vulnerability value was inserted through a map reclassification technique. As a final result, the Environmental Zoning was generated, which was derived from the intersection of the Environmental Vulnerability map with the Land Use and Coverage map. At the end of these stages, it was possible to observe the areas with greater environmental vulnerability, and the areas that were more stable, which represented the greater part of the APA Serra Branca area
A cria??o de Unidades de Conserva??o vem se mostrando a ideia mais difundida na nossa atual concep??o de conserva??o da natureza, principalmente com as diversas transforma??es que ocorreram na segunda metade do s?culo XX. As ?reas de Prote??o Ambiental (APA) s?o um exemplo de Unidades de Conserva??o, como ? o caso da APA Serra Branca, uma Unidade de Conserva??o de Uso Sustent?vel. S?o diversos os crit?rios utilizados para a delimita??o de uma Unidade de Conserva??o, e o risco a vulnerabilidade ambiental ? um deles, ent?o esse trabalho objetivou analisar a vulnerabilidade ambiental da APA Serra Branca atrav?s de indicadores ambientais para a elabora??o de um Zoneamento Ambiental, utilizando vari?veis que apontem e quantifiquem ?reas vulner?veis, como meio de responder se os indicadores ambientais s?o capazes de mensurar a vulnerabilidade ambiental, possibilitando inferir sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental e as poss?veis fragilidades e potencialidades da ?rea. A aplica??o de t?cnicas de geoprocessamento subsidiou a an?lise e integra??o de dados e informa??es, bem como a gera??o de produtos, como os cartogr?ficos. Foram essas t?cnicas que tornaram poss?vel a obten??o dos resultados tais como: Mapa de ?reas Cr?ticas; Modelagem da Vulnerabilidade Ambiental da APA Serra Branca e Zoneamento Ambiental da APA Serra Branca. Para definir as ?reas cr?ticas, foram seguidos crit?rios propostos por Bessa Junior e Muller, levando em considera??o, indicadores ambientais (Hipsometria, Declividade, Hidrografia) que foram cruzados atrav?s da interse??o com o mapa de Uso e Cobertura das Terras. A modelagem desenvolvida foi baseada nos crit?rios adaptados de Crepani ? realidade local. O mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental derivou da ?lgebra de mapas relacionada aos temas: Declividade, Uso e Cobertura das Terras, Geomorfologia, Geologia e Solos, para cada vari?vel, foi inserido um valor de vulnerabilidade por meio de t?cnica de reclassifica??o de mapas. Como resultado final, foi gerado o Zoneamento Ambiental, que foi derivado da interse??o do mapa de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental com o mapa de Uso e Cobertura das Terras. Ao fim dessas etapas, foi poss?vel observar as ?reas com maior vulnerabilidade ambiental, e as ?reas que se encontravam com uma maior estabilidade, que representavam a maior parte da ?rea da APA Serra Branca
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Yawar, Sadaat Ali [Verfasser]. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Supply Chains. Relevance of Supplier Development / Sadaat Ali Yawar." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065841337/34.

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Costa, Klenio Veiga da. "Cosmovis?es da Natureza: Um estudo sobre as Representa??es Sociais de Natureza envolvidas na prote??o da Lagoa de Cima Campos dos Goytacazes RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/654.

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This study focuses on the relationship between Men and Nature, emphasizing the issue regarding the protection of Nature. Therefore, it is based on the Nature s Social Representations concept, in order to analyze the different use proposals and biodiversity meanings in Lagoa de Cima, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, which are material and symbolically disputed among Artisanal Fishermen and by the Municipality Public Power. In this sense, it is one of the main objectives to think how the distinct Nature appropriations performed by these social actors are related to their specific Nature Social Representations. They also reflect their world standpoints and, overall, their perception regarding Nature. Nevertheless, the study also aims to evaluate the reach of the Nature conservation project formulated by the Public Power the creation of Environmental Protection Area of Lagoa de Cima regarding the representation of natural resources, mainly, the one designed by the Artisanal Fishermen. The methodology of this thesis is inserted in a qualitative analysis of the social phenomena, using both the unstructured interview and participant observation. The choice of this approach is necessary once it better suits the study, because, it makes possible the analysis of issues that can not be quantified, which are sentiments, motivations, values and attitudes, which compose the Social Representations. From a theoretical standpoint, there is a brief review regarding the concept of Social Representations, based on authors like Durkheim (1983), Mauss (1974) and Moscovici (2003), also the concept of Social Representations regarding Nature is analyzed from Godelier (1981). In the sequence of the study, an analysis on the environmental preservation practices was conducted, mainly about the conservation units, aiming to the understanding of the relationship among these units and the population that historically inhabited the protection areas, supporting this analysis on authors, such as Diegues (1998) and Acselrad (2001).
A tem?tica tratada por esta disserta??o ? a rela??o de grupos sociais distintos e a Natureza, com ?nfase na quest?o relativa ? prote??o ambiental. Para tanto, este estudo baseou-se em uma an?lise, sob o prisma das Representa??es Sociais da Natureza, das distintas propostas de uso e significa??o da biodiversidade da Lagoa de Cima, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, local este que ? disputado material e simbolicamente por Pescadores Artesanais e pelo Poder P?blico Municipal. Assim, um dos objetivos ? pensar como as distintas apropria??es da Natureza feitas por estes atores sociais est?o relacionadas ?s suas espec?ficas Representa??es Sociais da Natureza. Soma-se a tal anseio, observar como as propostas de preserva??o constru?das pelos atores sociais envolvidos com a Lagoa de Cima refletem suas vis?es de mundo e, sobretudo, as suas percep??es sobre a Natureza. N?o obstante, ? tamb?m objetivo desta disserta??o avaliar a abrang?ncia do projeto de conserva??o da Natureza formulado pelo Poder P?blico a cria??o da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental da Lagoa de Cima frente ? representa??o dos recursos naturais formulada pelos Pescadores Artesanais. De modo a alcan?ar tais objetivos, este estudo lan?ou m?o de artif?cios metodol?gicos inseridos em uma perspectiva de an?lise qualitativa dos fen?menos sociais, a saber: a entrevista aberta e a observa??o participante. A escolha desta abordagem se fez necess?ria por ser esta a que se ad?qua de modo coerente com os resultados buscados por este estudo, pois, tais ferramentas metodol?gicas possibilitam a an?lise de quest?es que n?o podem ser quantificadas, a saber, anseios, sentimentos, motiva??es, valores e atitudes que comp?em as Representa??es Sociais. Do ponto de vista te?rico, a princ?pio, empreende-se uma brev?ssima revis?o acerca do conceito de Representa??es Sociais, baseada em autores como Durkheim (1983), Mauss (1974) e Moscovici (2003), feito isso, aprofunda-se o conceito de Representa??es Sociais com rela??o ? Natureza, a partir de Godelier (1981). Na seq??ncia, buscou-se empreender uma an?lise sobre as pol?ticas de preserva??o ambiental, cristalizadas nas unidades de conserva??o, com intuito de uma reflex?o sobre a rela??o entre estas e as popula??es que historicamente habitam tais ?reas, apoiando-se, sobretudo, nos escritos de Diegues (1998) e Acselrad (2001).
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Aydemir, Ali [Verfasser], Liselotte [Akademischer Betreuer] Schebek, Hans Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Linke, and Clemens [Akademischer Betreuer] Rohde. "Ermittlung von Energieeinsparpotenzialen durch überbetriebliche Wärmeintegration in Deutschland / Ali Aydemir ; Liselotte Schebek, Hans Joachim Linke, Clemens Rohde." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165773767/34.

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Ali, Ahmed [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Noche. "Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Logistics Service Quality on Relationship Quality in Logistics Service Providers / Ahmed Ali ; Betreuer: Bernd Noche." Duisburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233199811/34.

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Meier, Christoph [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Walter, Tyson R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Browning, and Ali A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Yassine. "Time-Cost Tradeoffs in Product Development Processes / Christoph Meier. Gutachter: Ulrich Walter ; Tyson R. Browning ; Ali A. Yassine. Betreuer: Ulrich Walter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014861381/34.

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Books on the topic "API 653"

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Kufa: (Irak: 35 Hégire.-656 ap J.C.) : principes de gouvernement de l'Imam Ali(s). Beyrouth: Al-Bouraq, 1999.

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Höfler, Janez. Trubarjevi Lubi Slovenci, ali, Slovenija pred 650 leti v Strasbourgu: O pojmu Slovenije v srednjem veku. Ljubljana: Author, 2009.

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Guerrini, Mauro. De bibliothecariis. Edited by Tiziana Stagi. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-559-3.

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Nell’attività del bibliotecario la dimensione tecnica, essenziale per lavorare con competenza, non può prescindere o separarsi dall’impegno, dall’attenzione ai diritti civili e al modo in cui questi vengono vissuti e praticati nell’ambito della comunità di appartenenza. Garantire l’accesso alle informazioni non può essere limitato alla ‘nostra’ biblioteca, ma dev’essere una responsabilità che riguarda il territorio dove viviamo e dove operiamo, guardando ai nostri colleghi che possono trovarsi in situazioni più difficili della nostra e soprattutto alle persone che si trovano in difficoltà nell’esercitare i propri diritti. L’auspicio è che la trasmissione della conoscenza registrata contribuisca sempre più alla libertà, ai diritti, al benessere di tutti. Quando si capirà che investire in biblioteche significa investire per la democrazia, lo sviluppo economico e la qualità della vita? Il quadro di riferimento per comprendere e interpretare le problematiche delle biblioteche è, come sempre, quello del confronto con le tradizioni bibliotecarie internazionali, a partire dal continente europeo, proprio perché la professione ha oggi un impianto teorico e una dimensione operativa di valore globale.
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Guarnieri, Patrizia, ed. L’emigrazione intellettuale dall’Italia fascista. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-874-7.

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Che cosa accadde ai professori espulsi con le leggi razziali del 1938? E ai più numerosi e meno noti studiosi non strutturati che furono sospesi dal servizio? Che cosa fecero gli studenti cui venne negata l’iscrizione all’università o i neolaureati senza più prospettive per il loro futuro? Gli archivi universitari nulla ci dicono in proposito ; quel che si voleva era che gli studiosi e gli studenti dichiarati di ‘razza ebraica’ fossero cancellati e dimenticati. Non pochi decisero di lasciare l’Italia. Quali furono i loro percorsi e le reti di aiuto? Come vennero trattati all’estero? Quanto soffrì la cultura italiana di quelle perdite? Nel dopoguerra, l’università cercò di recuperarle? Gli espatriati che fossero tornati avrebbero potuto portare nuove conoscenze e idee, ma molti non rientrarono. Perché? Focalizzandosi sul caso rilevante di Firenze, si indaga il minimizzato fenomeno dell’emigrazione intellettuale per motivi politici e razziali. Un recente passato su cui occorre sapere e riflettere.
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Caproni, Giorgio. Il Girasole. Edited by Giada Baragli. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-495-4.

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«Apriamo a caso il libro». È così che si eclissava tra il ’72 e il ’75 la voce-guida di Caproni per lasciare ad altri il microfono della trasmissione radiofonica «Il girasole». Una rubrica destinata alla divulgazione, trasmessa nelle ore di massimo ascolto del programma nazionale, con lo scopo di offrire ad un pubblico largo e diversificato una sorta di ‘sussidiario’ letterario che desse ai colti il piacere della rilettura e ai più giovani e sprovveduti quello della scoperta. Un grande poeta, Giorgio Caproni, aveva il compito di scegliere i passi da testi di ogni tempo e paese (poesia, narrativa, teatro…) e di collegarli tra loro con poche parole di presentazione in grado di ricreare un ambiente, un’epoca, insomma quanto sta intorno all’opera d’arte e la rende per tutti comprensibile e umana. È questa singolare avventura che – perduti/distrutti i materiali radiofonici – riusciamo infine a conoscere grazie all’attenta cura di Giada Baragli, che da copioni spesso lacunosi ha ricostruito il florilegio di un centinaio di brani che non solo offrono una preziosa antologia comparata della letteratura, ma ci parlano delle predilezioni e delle letture di uno straordinario, indimenticabile autore che ha anche collaborato con la radio.
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Honneth, Axel. Capitalismo e riconoscimento. Edited by Marco Solinas. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-074-1.

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Capitalismo e riconoscimento presenta, in cinque saggi per la prima volta raccolti insieme e tradotti in italiano, una densa e pregnante analisi di taluni cruciali processi socio-strutturali, morali e normativi delle società capitalistiche contemporanee dalla prospettiva delle dinamiche del reciproco riconoscimento e del disrispetto concernenti la sfera del lavoro. Particolare attenzione è dedicata ai paradossali rovesciamenti delle istanze di autorealizzazione, autonomia e responsabilità personale registratisi negli ultimi decenni nel quadro di un mercato del lavoro sempre più deregolato.
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Jasink, Anna Margherita, and Giulia Dionisio, eds. MUSINT 2. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-396-4.

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Musint 2 si propone come un testo da ‘leggere’ che accompagna il nuovo sito-web MUSINT II, seguendo e innovando le linee generali del precedente MUSINT. Ma, come i due progetti on-line differiscono sia negli aspetti tecnici che nei contenuti, pur mantenendo principi e finalità analoghi, così anche il nuovo volume assume un ruolo che lo rende una novità più consona ai progressi che caratterizzano le discipline archeologiche sia sotto l’aspetto scientifico che quello didattico. Viene mantenuta la suddivisione in tre sezioni. La prima contiene una serie di lavori direttamente legati al sito MUSINT II. Si nota un aumento delle presentazioni relative agli aspetti tecnici e didattici, ritenuti una innovazione del nuovo sito, rispetto ai contributi scientifici intesi in senso più tradizionale. La seconda sezione presenta una esemplificazione di lavori significativi di musealizzazione virtuale, volutamente scelta negli ambiti più vari, sottolineandone il taglio didattico. La terza sezione si presenta sullo stesso piano di quella del volume precedente, anche se sono riscontrabili delle novità proprio nella scelta delle ricerche: vengono infatti presentate tematiche già proposte in fase sperimentale e nuove ricerche che si sono venute individuando nel corso di questi anni attraverso le conoscenze più ampie sulle possibilità di una museologia digitale e interattiva.
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Gaffuri, Laura, and Rosa Maria Parrinello, eds. Verbum e ius. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-809-9.

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Il tema del rapporto tra Verbum e ius, tra fede, legge naturale e diritto positivo, è stato oggetto nel medioevo di un intenso dibattito. Lungi dal rimanere chiuso nei luoghi del sapere, esso è stato affidato da parte ecclesiastica a pratiche pastorali finalizzate a influire in modo concreto sulla stesura delle leggi e sugli ordinamenti non solo religiosi, ma anche civili e statuali. I saggi raccolti nel presente volume rivolgono l’attenzione a quel dibattito, ponendo al centro della propria indagine la predicazione e i predicatori che trasformarono in “comunicazione pubblica” i discorsi eruditi di esegeti, teologi, giuristi e magistri intorno ai concetti di legge, comunità e fede.
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Ferro, Maria Chiara, Laura Salmon, and Giorgio Ziffer, eds. Contributi italiani al XVI Congresso Internazionale degli Slavisti. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-723-8.

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I ventitré saggi contenuti nel volume rappresentano i contributi della delegazione italiana al XVI Congresso internazionale degli Slavisti, che si svolge a Belgrado nell’agosto del 2018. Scritti in italiano, inglese, russo e serbo, i saggi sono suddivisi in tre sezioni: linguistica, filologia e letterature slave. Come assai ampio è il ventaglio dei temi toccati, così è quantomai largo il loro arco cronologico, che dall’epoca pre- e protostorica arriva fino ai nostri giorni. Gli argomenti trattati si estendono in effetti dal protoslavo alle tradizioni scrittoria, linguistica e letteraria della civiltà slava ecclesiastica, dai rapporti linguistici e culturali fra Italia e Russia a un particolare dizionario illirico del Settecento. Nel settore della linguistica sincronica troviamo saggi in cui si approfondiscono questioni di dialettologia e sociolinguistica nell’area di confine tra Ucraina e Bielorussia, e poi i modi di esprimere il concetto di completezza in russo, alcuni costrutti concessivi del russo studiati con i metodi della ‘grammatica costruzionista’, un particolare aspetto dei sistemi verbali russo e bulgaro, e i diversi suffissi impiegati nella formazione delle coppie aspettuali nel dialetto resiano. In ambito letterario si spazia invece da Gumilev e Chlebnikov a saggi che parlano di letteratura ed ecologia, dagli scrittori armeni che scrivono in russo al poema neolatino Il canto del bisonte e ai riflessi umanistici e rinascimentali nella letteratura ucraina moderna, da una studiosa italiana di letteratura serba della prima metà del Novecento all’immagine della ‘donna forte’ nella letteratura serba dello stesso periodo. Con la loro varietà questi saggi offrono quindi nel loro insieme un’idea assai concreta di diversi degli attuali filoni di ricerca della slavistica italiana.
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Guelfi, Maria Renza, Marco Masoni, Jonida Shtylla, and Andreas Robert Formiconi, eds. Peer assessment nell’insegnamento di Informatica del Corso di Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia dell’Università di Firenze. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-890-7.

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Nel volume si affrontano i temi dell’e-learning nella formazione universitaria e della progettazione ed erogazione in modalità blended learning dell’insegnamento di Informatica del I anno del Corso di Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia dell’Università di Firenze. In tale insegnamento è stata sperimentata la metodologia didattica di revisione tra pari, utile in classi ad elevata numerosità; l’opera raccoglie inoltre una selezione dei migliori elaborati prodotti dagli studenti. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano l’utilità di esportare ad altri insegnamenti universitari la metodologia didattica della revisione tra pari e gli elaborati degli studenti inerenti l’e-health permette ai medici in attività di aggiungere conoscenze per utilizzare con perizia e consapevolezza le ICT nell’esercizio della professione.
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Book chapters on the topic "API 653"

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Müller-Hofmann, Frank, Martin Hiller, and Gerhard Wanner. "Java Persistence API." In Programmierung von verteilten Systemen und Webanwendungen mit Java EE, 301–53. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10512-9_9.

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Gutierrez, Felipe. "Exposing a REST API." In Introducing Spring Framework, 169–82. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6533-7_12.

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Abts, Dietmar. "Das Java Persistence API." In Grundkurs JAVA, 505–76. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21907-9_15.

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Abts, Dietmar. "Exkurs: Das Java Persistence API." In Grundkurs JAVA, 481–547. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13807-3_15.

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Müller, Rolf. "MapleSim und das MapleSim-API." In Modellierung, Analyse und Simulation elektrischer und mechanischer Systeme mit Maple™ und MapleSim™, 385–416. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07374-9_7.

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Abts, Dietmar. "Exkurs: Das Java Persistence API." In Grundkurs JAVA, 459–525. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07968-0_15.

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Müller, Rolf. "MapleSim und das MapleSim-API." In Modellierung, Analyse und Simulation elektrischer und mechanischer Systeme mit Maple™ und MapleSim™, 345–84. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29131-0_7.

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Bommes, Michael. "Ali." In Migration und Sprachverhalten, 100–153. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14583-7_2.

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Freeman, Adam. "Web API and Single-page Applications." In Pro ASP.NET MVC 5, 755–84. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6530-6_27.

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Riesen, Kaspar. "Klassen des Java API Verwenden (Teil 1)." In Java in 14 Wochen, 53–74. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30313-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "API 653"

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Greaves, Thomas H. "Managing Large Tank API 653 Re-Inspection Projects." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33756.

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Every 20 years hydrocarbon storage tanks are taken out of service for API 653 mandated inspections and repairs. While the tanks are out of service other work is often completed. This paper chronicles the steps taken to ensure all the work is identified, budgeted for, scheduled, and completed in a timely and cost effective manner. This paper assumes the reader has a working knowledge of atmospheric hydrocarbon storage tanks.
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Tetteh-Wayoe, Debra. "Shell Corrosion Allowance for Aboveground Storage Tanks." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64501.

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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. utilizes aboveground crude oil storage tanks for operational flexibility and merchant storage purposes. Most of these tanks are built in accordance with the requirements of API 650. This standard requires that an appropriate corrosion allowance be included in the minimum shell thickness calculations. A variety of sources were researched in an effort to develop a process that ensures the selected corrosion allowance allows for the safe operation of a tank for its entire service life. Some of these sources include other API standards, historical API 653 tank inspection reports, published atmospheric corrosion rates, and corrosion allowance specifications of industrial counterparts. Defining an appropriate corrosion allowance requires consideration of a number of factors: • Whether or not the product contains significant sediments and water; • Whether or not an internal lining will be applied in accordance with API 652; • The length of time to the first out-of-service inspection; • Whether or not the tank will be externally coated; • The temperature of the product stored; • The annual precipitation at the specified location; • The average chloride concentration in rainwater at the specified location. During the course of the corrosion allowance study, the issue of maximum allowable design stress was also considered. The allowable stress values specified in the standard for construction of new tanks (API 650) differs from the allowable stress values specified in the inspection standard for existing tanks (API 653). It has been suggested that the incremental difference between the minimum shell thicknesses calculated using API 650 instead of API 653 could be designated as corrosion allowance. This paper will describe the corrosion allowance calculations in detail as well as address the issue of maximum allowable design stress.
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Wilson, Tyler J. "Streaming ports: ARINC 653 API extension for reliable data transport." In 2010 IEEE/AIAA 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2010.5655318.

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Chebaro, Mohamed R., Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi, and Howard K. Yue. "Steel Storage Tank Shell Settlement Assessment Based on Finite Element and API Standard 653 Analyses." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64294.

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API Standard 653 addresses issues related to the inspection, repair, alteration and reconstruction of steel storage tanks built according to API Standard 650 or API 12C to help maintain tank integrity. Although the standard covers three types of tank settlement, namely edge, bottom and shell, this paper focuses on the assessment of shell settlement. It also provides a comparison between an analytical model based on API Standard 653 and a finite element analysis (FEA) model that replicates field operating loading and settlement conditions of storage tanks. A basis for comparison between both models was established from the maximum allowable settlement and strain values. Several scenarios were generated using actual field data collected from steel storage tanks located in Alberta to illustrate the correlation between the two models. Specific information on the storage tanks under consideration cannot be disclosed for confidentiality reasons.
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Peroš, Josip. "Application of terrestrial laser scanner in aboveground metal storage tank testing according to API – 653." In Common Foundations 2018 - uniSTem: 6th Congress of Young Researchers in the Field of Civil Engineering and Related Sciences. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, University of Split, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/co/zt.2018.24.

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Tahara, Takayasu, and Shinsuke Sando. "Overview of Regulations and Codes/Standards for Inspection Intervals of Above Ground Storage Tanks." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57105.

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This paper summarizes survey results of regulations and Codes/Standards, such as API Standard 653, EEMUA 159 Fire Service Law in Japan. The survey relates to inspection interval of above ground storage tanks, ASTs, typically as shown in Figure 1, in several countries in recent years.
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Deif, Sameir, Brent Leier, Michael Snow, and Mojgan Daneshmand. "Microwave Sensor Array for Corrosion Prediction in Steel Tank Bottoms." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78224.

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Throughout North America there are many crude oil storage tank facilities — also called terminals — serving as hubs, transfer points and storage. Safety precautions such as pre-service integrity testing, cathodic protection, primary and secondary containment measures, and grounding techniques have been utilized to assure safety as a top priority. These tanks undergo an in-service API 653 external inspection at least every 5 years, and are taken out of service to undergo an API 653 internal/external inspection at least every 30 years [1], [2], [3]. For these aboveground storage tanks, the bottom plate is the most vulnerable area to corrosion [4] and is also the most challenge area to inspect visually. Both sides (product-side and soil-side) of the tank bottom plate are prone to high rates of corrosion in comparison to other components such as the roof and shell [5]. Corrosion generally starts with coating defects such as air or water ingress to underling layers and exposing the steel to uncontrolled environmental factors. Internal inspection can be performed using ultrasonic measures to calculate the sheet thickness, however, external inspection is impossible without having access to the tank bottom. This paper will introduce a novel inspection method for external monitoring of the surface of the tank bottom plate in real-time. The proposed technique proactively approaches the problem by predicting the corrosion before it occurs. In this technique an array of microwave-based sensors operating at ISM band (2.57 GHz) are introduced for defect prediction. The array is composed of equally-distant and identical microwave spiral ring resonators (SRR) [6] that are electromagnetically coupled to a transmission line. All resonances created by the array elements merge in one band-stop frequency response with very high isolation. Once the sensors’ environment is altered by any defects such as an air breach, liquid ingress [7] or corrosion initiated, a resonance shift will occur indicating coating risks. To prove the concept, an initial prototype for small tanks of 3–5 ft. diameter is investigated. Two-port system data illustrates that in case of a coating defect, the frequency profile accordingly changes and provides a signature. The obtained data is used to predict possible corrosion in timely manner. The proposed sensor array enables external monitoring of tank bottoms surface where visual inspection is impossible while the tank is in-service.
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Shuai, Jian, and Kejiang Han. "The Remaining Life Prediction and Internal Inspection Interval Analysis for Large-Scale Crude Oil Storage Tank." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31104.

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As an important production facility, storage tank plays a more and more important role in the storage and transportation of crude oil and chemical product. The remaining life prediction of storage tank is to forecast the thinning trend of plate thickness, and forecast remaining life on the premise that remaining strength of storage tank meets the tank operation and safety requirements. Maximum corrosion depths of tank bottom plate obey the maximum extreme value distribution. Based on maximum extreme value distribution and statistics of corrosion data, the calculation formula of the remaining life prediction for large-scale crude oil storage tank was obtained by formula derivation. Compared with API STD 653 and EEMUA 159, the inspection interval specified by China standard SY/T 5921 is relatively conservative. The remaining life of a certain crude oil storage tank (tank A) in china is determined by the remaining life of tank bottom plate. The remaining life of tank A at the reliability of 0.99, 0.999 and 0.9999 are 25 years, 20 years and 17 years, respectively. For the acceptable failure probability of 1×10−4, the inspection interval of tank A can be extended from required 5–7 years specified by China standard SY/T 5921 to 17 years. The remaining life of crude oil storage tank predicted by the method proposed in this paper can be used as an important reference in the determination of inspection interval and tank’s maintenance.
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9

Shi, Lei, Xiaolin Wang, Jian Shuai, Kui Xu, and Ming Li. "Oil Storage Tank Settlement Assessment Based on Standard and Finite Element Analyses." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65018.

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It is well known that foundation settlement of tank is particularly severe, and can produce distortion and stress of the tank, especially differential settlement around the circumference of the foundation below the shell of large-volume tank. The settlement standards involving European EEMUA 159-2003, American API 653-2009, and Chinese codes SH/T 3123-2001, SY/T 5921-2011 for in-service assessment of large-scale storage tank were reviewed and discussed. Finite element model for strength assessment of large-scale oil storage tank was developed based on actual field data of tank foundation settlement. The whole stress distributions and deformation of seven large-scale oil storage tanks in a depot in China were analyzed under the conditions of the practical pressure test through finite-element method. It also provides a comparison between an analytical model based on settlement criteria and a finite element model that replicates field operating loading and settlement conditions of storage tanks. A basis for comparison between models was established from the maximum allowable settlement and stress values. It was found that results from settlement standards of tank in China and other countries were more conservative than those from FEA, and SY/T 5921 in China made most stringent requirements for the tank settlement. The evaluation indicators of differential foundation settlement around the tank circumference are unreasonable in standards and rules mentioned above, the structural response of tank such as stress and deformation under foundation settlement should be considered sufficiently.
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10

Lengsfeld, Manfred, Kanhaiya L. Bardia, Jaan Taagepera, Kanajett Hathaitham, Donald G. LaBounty, and Mark C. Lengsfeld. "Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1279.

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The analysis of tank nozzles for API Standard 650 [1] tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom [2] and the other by Billimoria and Tam [3]. Although Appendix P is optional, industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120 feet (33.6 m) in diameter, Appendix P is not applicable. In previously published papers [4–10], the authors used finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the experimental results reported by Billimoria and Tam for shell nozzles. The analysis showed the variance between stiffness coefficients and stresses obtained by FEA and API 650 methods for tanks. In this follow-up paper, the authors present stiffness coefficients for tank nozzles located away from a structural discontinuity. Factors to establish spring rates for nozzles varying from 6 to 48 inches and tank diameters from 30 feet to 300 feet and for nozzles at different elevations on the shell are provided. Mathematical equations are provided together with graphs for the stiffness coefficient factors.
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Reports on the topic "API 653"

1

Malone, Ryan, and Sandstone Engineering. SNL API-653 In-Service Tank Inspection and Evaluation Tank ID: 981-A2-T0 (West). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561198.

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