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Journal articles on the topic 'API X65 steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Oh, Chang Kyun, Yun Jae Kim, Jong Hyun Baek, Young Pyo Kim, and Woo Sik Kim. "A Micromechanical Model for Ductile Fracture of API X65." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.43.

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This paper presents a micro-mechanical model of ductile fracture for the API X65 steel, using the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model. Experimental tests and FE damage simulations using the GTN model are performed for smooth and notched tensile bars with three different notch radii, from which micromechanical parameters in the GTN model are calibrated. The calibrated micro-mechanical model is applied to quantify pre-strain effects on plastic deformation and fracture of the API X65 steel. Good agreements of the FE damage results with experimental data suggest confidence in the use of the pro

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2

Araújo, Bruno Araújo, Reginaldo Florêncio De Paiva Filho, Eudésio Oliveira Vilar, Misael Souto De Oliveira, and Antonio Almeida Silva. "Estudo do efeito da tensão sobre a permeação por Hidrogênio em Aços API 5L X60 e API 5L X65." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 37 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n37p18-26.

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<p>Under operating conditions, the oil and gas transmission pipelines can be subjected to high pressures and, at the same time, suffer the effect of acidic substances in the transported hydrocarbons such as H2S, whose action alone or combined with stresses acting in the structure can cause degradation processes of the mechanical properties of the material. Given the importance of the phenomenon, this work has as main objective the realization of hydrogen electrochemical permeation tests in API 5L X60 and API 5L X65 steels under mechanical loading conditions. A device for performing elect

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3

Quej-Ake, L. M., J. Marín-Cruz, and A. Contreras. "Electrochemical study of the corrosion rate of API steels in clay soils." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 1 (2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2015-1512.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the corrosion process of API X52, X60, X65, X70 and X80 steels exposed to two clay soils collected in two states of Mexico (Tabasco and Campeche). To saturate the soils, 60 mL of deionized water was added to simulate the conditions for dry and wet season, due to in field, the climate change could modifies the physicochemical properties of the soils for each season of the year and this generate a variable environment, which affect the electrochemical responses on steel–soil interface. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion evaluation was carried

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4

Quej-Ake, L. M., A. Contreras, H. B. Liu, J. L. Alamilla, and E. Sosa. "Assessment on external corrosion rates for API pipeline steels exposed to acidic sand-clay soil." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 3 (2018): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2017-1874.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the susceptibility to corrosion processes of X60, X65 and X70 steels immersed in sand-clay soil with pH 3.0, using electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Design/methodology/approach Natural acidic soil sample was collected as close as possible to buried pipes (1.2 m in depth) in a Right of Way from south of Mexico. Both steels and soil were characterized through SEM and XRD. Then, open circuit potential was recorded for all steels exposed to soil at different expos

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5

Cheng, Yuanpeng, Zili Li, Yalei Zhao, Yazhou Xu, Qianqian Liu, and Yu Bai. "Effect of main controlling factor on the corrosion behaviour of API X65 pipeline steel in the CO2/oil/water environment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 4 (2017): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2016-1665.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate the corrosion behaviour of API X65 pipeline steel in the simulated CO2/oil/water emulsion using weight loss technique, potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterization of the corroded surface techniques. Design/methodology/approach The weight loss analysis, electrochemical study and surface investigation were carried out on API X65 pipeline steel that had been immersed in the CO2/oil/water corrosive medium to understand the corrosion behaviour of gathering pipeline steel. The weight loss tests were carried out in a 3L autoclave, a

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6

Hashemi, S. H. "Strength–hardness statistical correlation in API X65 steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 528, no. 3 (2011): 1648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.089.

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7

Kim, Yun Jae, Chang Kyun Oh, and Chang Sik Oh. "Application of the GTN Model to Quantify Constraint Effects on Ductile Fracture of API X65 Steels." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.667.

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This paper quantifies the effects of geometry, the loading mode and the specimen size on fracture toughness of the API X65 steel, via plane strain finite element (FE) damage analyses using the GTN model. The validity of FE damage analyses is checked first by comparing with experimental test data for small-sized, cracked bar test. Then the analyses are extended to investigate the effects of the relative crack depth and the specimen size on fracture toughness. It is shown that fracture toughness of the API X65 steel increases with decreasing the relative crack depth and increasing the specimen s

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8

El-Danaf, Ehab, Muneer Baig, Abdulhakim Almajid, Waleed Alshalfan, Marawan Al-Mojil, and Saeed Al-Shahrani. "Mechanical, microstructure and texture characterization of API X65 steel." Materials & Design 47 (May 2013): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.031.

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9

Testa, Gabriel, Nicola Bonora, Domenico Gentile, et al. "Strain capacity assessment of API X65 steel using damage mechanics." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 11, no. 42 (2017): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.42.33.

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10

Rakhshkhorshid, M., and S. H. Hashemi. "Experimental study of hot deformation behavior in API X65 steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 573 (June 2013): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.045.

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11

Oh, Chang-Kyun, Yun-Jae Kim, Jong-Hyun Baek, Young-Pyo Kim, and Woosik Kim. "A phenomenological model of ductile fracture for API X65 steel." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 49, no. 12 (2007): 1399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2007.03.008.

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12

Hashemi, Sayyed H. "Correction factors for safe performance of API X65 pipeline steel." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 86, no. 8 (2009): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2009.01.011.

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13

Mansor, N. I. I., S. Abdullah, and A. K. Ariffin. "Discrepancies of fatigue crack growth behaviour of API X65 steel." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (2017): 4719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0918-2.

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14

Knerek, Rangel, Guilherme Vieira Braga Lemos, George Vander Voort, et al. "Investigating an API X65 steel pipe cladded with alloy 625." Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração 18 (2021): e2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20212465.

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15

Hossain Seikh, Asiful, Mahmoud S. Soliman, Abdulhakim AlMajid, Khaled Alhajeri, and Waleed Alshalfan. "Austenite Grain Growth Kinetics in API X65 and X70 Line-Pipe Steels during Isothermal Heating." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246143.

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the microstructural behavior of austenite grain size (AGS) during the reheating process of two different API steel grades (X65 and X70). The steel samples were austenitized at 1150°C, 1200°C, and 1250°C for various holding times from 10 to 60 minutes and quenched in ice water. The samples were then annealed at 500°C for 24 hours to reveal the prior AGS using optical microscopy. It was noticed that the AGS in X65 grade is coarser than that of X70 grade. Additionally, the grain size increases with increasing the reheating temperature and time for bot

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16

Quej-Ake, Luis Manuel, Antonio Contreras, Hongbo Liu, Jorge L. Alamilla, and Eliceo Sosa. "The effect of the hydrodynamic and temperature on corrosion rate of API steels exposed to oilfield produced water." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 1 (2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2018-1959.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion rate for X52, X60, X65, X70 and X80 steel immersed in Mexican oilfield produced water. For the electrochemical characterization of the five steels rotating disk electrodes, 20°C, 30°C and 45°C of experimental temperature and 0, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 rpm of rotation speed were taken into account. The temperature dependence was analyzed using Arrhenius law. Thus, Rct values obtained from EIS data in comparison with the corrosion rate obtained from polarization curves data were taken into account. Hydrodynamic effects were analyzed by Rct

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17

Cho, Kyung-Mox, Joon-Ho Sung, Yun-Kyu Kim, Jong-Geol Moon, Ki-Won Kim, and Ki-Bong Kang. "Effect of Plastic Deformation on Hydrogen Induced Crack Resistance of API X65 Linepipe Steel." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 54, no. 4 (2016): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2016.54.4.295.

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18

Mansor, Nor Izan Izura, Shahrum Abdullah, Ahmad K. Ariffin, and M. Mahmud. "Determining the Accuracy of the Life Determination Analysis for Low Carbon Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.89.

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The objective of this paper is to obtain fatigue properties of API X65 steel using the stress life (S-N) approached. In this method S-N curve was established by relating the applied load and the number of cycles to failure. The sets of data were successfully constructed within the range of high and low cycle domains. The fully reversed loading was employed to generate the most severe damage condition. The experiment data lies approximately within correlation boundaries of 1:2 and 2:1. The mean square error was performed to evaluate the goodness of experiment to the simulated data. Therefore, w

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19

Oliveira, Mariana Cristina de, Rodrigo Monzon Figueredo, Heloisa Andréa Acciari, and Eduardo Norberto Codaro. "Corrosion behavior of API 5L X65 steel subject to plastic deformation." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 7, no. 3 (2018): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.02.006.

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20

Sim, Ho Sup, Ki Seop Cho, Kon Bae Lee, Hyung Ryul Yang, and Hoon Kwon. "Effect of Multipass Severe Rolling Process in the API X65 Steel." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1341.

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In the API X65 steel, effects of rolling and cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. In the case of accelerated cooling after multi-pass rolling in the high/low unrecrystallized range, the tensile strength was 574-670 MPa and the impact toughness was 74-109 J. In the case of accelerated cooled to 550°C and then interrupted by air cooling, on the other hand, those values were 524-538 MPa and 100-135 J, respectively. Whereas the former exhibited the continuous yielding, the latter showed discontinuous yielding. In addition, yield ratio increased from 0.59-0.6

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21

Liduino, V. S., M. T. S. Lutterbach, and E. F. C. Sérvulo. "Biofilm activity on corrosion of API 5L X65 steel weld bead." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 172 (December 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.026.

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22

Rakhshkhorshid, M. "Modeling the hot deformation flow curves of API X65 pipeline steel." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 77, no. 1-4 (2014): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6447-6.

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23

Ohaeri, Enyinnaya G., Tonye Jack, Sandeep Yadav, Jerzy Szpunar, Jiming Zhang, and Jinbo Qu. "EBSD Microstructural studies on quenched-tempered API 5L X65 pipeline steel." Philosophical Magazine 101, no. 17 (2021): 1895–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2021.1946189.

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24

Kong, Lingzhen, Lingbo Su, Xiayi Zhou, Liqiong Chen, Jie Chen, and Cheng Mao. "A Simple and Efficient Method for Obtaining the Whole-Range Uniaxial Tensile Properties of Pipeline Steel." Metals 8, no. 7 (2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070555.

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To obtain the whole-range true stress-true strain curves of API X65, a method is proposed based on the equal proportion principle and digital images. The tensile elongation was obtained by tracing the gauge points on the specimen surface, and the true strain and true stress of API X65 were calculated according to the formulae. The obtained true stress-true strain curves were validated by a 3-D finite element model. The true stress-true strain curve was set as the input data, while the engineering stress-engineering strain curve was set as the output data. The output data of the finite element

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25

Bunaziv, Ivan, Vigdis Olden, and Odd M. Akselsen. "Metallurgical Aspects in the Welding of Clad Pipelines—A Global Outlook." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153118.

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In the present work, the metallurgical changes in the welding of clad pipelines are studied. Clad pipes consist of a complex multi-material system, with (i) the clad being stainless steel or a nickel-based superalloy, (ii) the pipe being API X60 or X65 high-strength carbon steel, and (iii) the welding wire being a nickel-based superalloy or stainless steel in the root and hot pass, with a nickel or iron buffer layer, followed by filling with carbon steel wire. Alternatively, the corrosion resistant alloy may be used only. During production of the clad pipe, at the diffusion bonding temperature

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26

Oh, Chang-Kyun, Yun-Jae Kim, Jin-Moo Park, Jong-Hyun Baek, and Woo-Sik Kim. "Development of Stress-Modified Fracture Strain Criterion for Ductile Fracture of API X65 Steel." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 29, no. 12 (2005): 1621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2005.29.12.1621.

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27

Ghanbari, E., M. Iannuzzi, and R. S. Lillard. "The Mechanism of Alternating Current Corrosion of API Grade X65 Pipeline Steel." CORROSION 72, no. 9 (2016): 1196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2028.

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28

Mazza, B., Tommaso Pastore, P. Pedeferri, and Gianni Rondelli. "Electrochemical Polarization Studies of API 5L Grade X65 Steel in Chloride Solution." Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (January 1991): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.501.

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29

Natividad, C., R. García, V. H. López, R. Galván-Martínez, M. Salazar, and A. Contreras. "Stress corrosion cracking assessment of API X65 steel non-conventionally heat treated." Materials and Corrosion 67, no. 4 (2015): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201508566.

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30

Silva, Samara Cruz da, Eduardo Alencar de Souza, Frederick Pessu, et al. "Cracking mechanism in API 5L X65 steel in a CO2-saturated environment." Engineering Failure Analysis 99 (May 2019): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.02.031.

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31

Lee, Yun-Hee, Hae Moo Lee, Yong-il Kim, and Seung-Hoon Nahm. "Mechanical degradation of API X65 pipeline steel by exposure to hydrogen gas." Metals and Materials International 17, no. 3 (2011): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-011-0614-1.

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32

Han, Kejiang, Jian Shuai, Xiaomin Deng, Lingzhen Kong, Xing Zhao, and Michael Sutton. "The effect of constraint on CTOD fracture toughness of API X65 steel." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 124-125 (July 2014): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.04.014.

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33

Hashemi, S. H., and D. Mohammadyani. "Characterisation of weldment hardness, impact energy and microstructure in API X65 steel." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 98 (October 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2012.05.011.

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34

Kim, Young Pyo, Cheol Man Kim, Woo Sik Kim, and Kwang Seon Shin. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Girth Weld of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.303.

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A clear understanding of fatigue properties for the pipeline steel and its weld is important to provide information for pipeline design during pipeline construction and predict pipeline fatigue life during pipeline operation. The materials used in this study are API 5L X65 pipeline steel generally used for natural gas transmission. This pipeline was welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with V-groove configuration. The fatigue crack growth behaviors of pipeline steel and its girth weld according to crack growth directions and stress ratios were investi

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35

Wang, Xinhua, Xinghua Tang, Liwei Wang, Cui Wang, and Wenqing Zhou. "Synergistic effect of stray current and stress on corrosion of API X65 steel." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 21 (November 2014): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2014.09.007.

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36

Majidi-Jirandehi, A. A., and S. H. Hashemi. "Weld metal fracture characterization of API X65 steel using drop weight tear test." Materials Research Express 6, no. 1 (2018): 016552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aae797.

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37

Fatoba, Olusegun, and Robert Akid. "Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of API 5L X65 Pipeline Steel at Room Temperature." Procedia Engineering 74 (2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.263.

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38

Sosa, E., V. García-Arriaga, and H. Castaneda. "Impedance distribution at the interface of the API steel X65 in marine environment." Electrochimica Acta 51, no. 8-9 (2006): 1855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.142.

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39

Jack, Tonye Alaso, Reza Pourazizi, Enyinnaya Ohaeri, Jerzy Szpunar, Jiming Zhang, and Jinbo Qu. "Investigation of the hydrogen induced cracking behaviour of API 5L X65 pipeline steel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 35 (2020): 17671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.211.

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40

Oh, Chang-Kyun, Yun-Jae Kim, Jong-Hyun Baek, and Woo-sik Kim. "Development of stress-modified fracture strain for ductile failure of API X65 steel." International Journal of Fracture 143, no. 2 (2007): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-006-9036-3.

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41

Silva, Cleiton Carvalho, Hélio Cordeiro de Miranda, Marcelo Ferreira Motta, Daniel Correia Freire Ferreira, Ricardo Marinho Reppold, and Giovani Dalpiaz. "A Study on the Effect of the Interpass Temperatures in Properties and Microstructures of the Alloy 625 Dissimilar Fusion Zone." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2816.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness in the contribution of the interpass welding in the microstructures and properties of the dissimilar fusion zones produced with an alloy 625 and API 5L X65 steel pipes. Three multipass welded joints with v-groove, were made under the same welding parameters, therefore, changing only the interpass temperatures at: 150°C, 250°C and 450°C. The microstructural characterization was performed using the light microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness test, charpy-V impact test and the transverse tensile test were con

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42

Meriem-Benziane, Madjid, Sabah A. Abdul-Wahab, Nesar Merah, and Benoauda Babaziane. "Numerical Analysis of the Performances of Bonded Composite Repair with Adhesive Band in Pipeline API X65." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1101.

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The technique of adhesively bonded composite patch repair has been successfully applied in pipeline of API X65 components repair and has recently been expanded to commercial pipeline industry. In the present paper, the crack growth behavior of cracked pipeline API X65 repaired with bonded composite patch was investigated. The ﬁnite element approach was applied in order to analyses the circumferential crack’s behavior repaired by a carbon-epoxy composite patch. The effects of the properties of the patch on the evolution of the stress intensity factor, according of angle crack tip, were discusse

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43

Farhad, Farnoosh, Xiang Zhang, and David Smyth-Boyle. "Fatigue behaviour of corrosion pits in X65 steel pipelines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 5 (2018): 1771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218776338.

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Corrosion pits are a form of geometrical discontinuity that lead to stress and strain concentration in engineering components, resulting in crack initiation under service loading conditions and ultimately fracture and failure. Initiation and propagation of cracks in offshore pipelines can lead to loss of containment and environmental and commercial impacts. In order to prevent such failures, tools to predict the structural integrity of pipelines need to be improved. This work investigates the fatigue behaviour of corrosion pits in API-5L X65 grade steel pipeline utilising numerical and analyti

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44

de Brito, Luciana V. R., Ricardo Coutinho, Eduardo H. S. Cavalcanti, and Marlene Benchimol. "The influence of macrofouling on the corrosion behaviour of API 5L X65 carbon steel." Biofouling 23, no. 3 (2007): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010701258966.

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45

Rakhshkhorshid, Masoud, and Sayyed Hojjat Hashemi. "Firefly algorithm assisted optimised NN to predict the elongation of API X65 pipeline steel." International Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Optimisation 4, no. 3 (2013): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmno.2013.056536.

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46

Soudani, M., M. Hadj Meliani, K. El-Miloudi, et al. "Reduction of hydrogen embrittlement of API 5l X65 steel pipe using a green inhibitor." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 24 (2018): 11150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.236.

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47

Mohtadi-Bonab, M. A., M. Eskandari, H. Ghaednia, and S. Das. "Effect of Microstructural Parameters on Fatigue Crack Propagation in an API X65 Pipeline Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 25, no. 11 (2016): 4933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2335-6.

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48

Sadeghi, Mohammad Amin, and Mehdi Javidi. "Investigation on stress corrosion cracking of API 5L X65 steel in CO2 corrosion medium." Materials Science and Engineering: A 824 (September 2021): 141856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141856.

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49

Korda, Akhmad Ardian, Rizky Hidayat, and Setiadi Suriana. "Kinetics of Strain Aging Behavior of API 5L X65 and API 5L B Steel Types on Long-Term Operations." International Journal of Technology 7, no. 3 (2016): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v7i3.2812.

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50

de Oliveira, Misael Souto, Antonio Almeida Silva, Marco Antonio dos Santos, Jorge Antonio Palma Carrasco, and João Vitor de Queiroz Marques. "Calibration of the AC Potential Dropping System (ACPD) for Determination of Crack Growth in API 5L X65 Steel under Cathodic Protection Effect." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.412.

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In this work the calibration of an Alternative Current Potential Drop (ACPD) system was performed to monitore laboratory mechanical tests on marine environment under cathodic protection. The calibration was done on CT type specimens of API 5L X65 steel dimensioned according to ASTM E1820 standard., The crack propagation during a tensile test with displacement control in an ACPD equipment was monitored through the performs points collection by two channels: one that monitors the crack growth and another that monitors a region free of crack. Using a profile projector and graphical data processin

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