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Journal articles on the topic 'API ZYM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Vágvölgyi, Csaba, Klaudia Magyar, Tames Papp, Zsuzsanna Palágyi, Lajos Ferenczy, and Ágnes Nagy. "Value of substrate utilization data for characterization of Mucor isolates." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-083.

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Twenty-seven strains representing 10 Mucor species were assayed for their ability to utilize various substrates as carbon sources. They were also examined for their exoenzyme activities by means of the API-ZYM microtest system. Cluster analysis of resulting data revealed a loose correlation between these physiological patterns and the species designation of the isolates. Though different strains of the same species often vary in their substrate utilization abilities, the value of this approach to provide complementary data for the characterization of Mucor isolates has been demonstrated.Key words: Mucor, substrate utilization, API-ZYM, numerical taxonomy.

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2

Doğan, Başak, Sirkka Asikainen, and Hannele Jousimies-Somer. "Evaluation of Two Commercial Kits and Arbitrarily Primed PCR for Identification and Differentiation ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.742-747.1999.

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The closely related species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, andHaemophilus paraphrophilus are common findings in oral microbiota. The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability of the Rapid NH and API ZYM kits and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) in the identification and differentiation of the three species from each other. The material included 62 clinical isolates and three reference strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans representing the 5 serotypes and 18 AP-PCR genotypes. Haemophilus species included 12 clinical isolates and 11 reference strains of H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, and 5 other species. For the PCR amplification, the oligonucleotide 5′-CAGCACCCAC-3′ was used as a primer. Contrary to the consistent performance of API ZYM, the Rapid NH system was able to identify only 10 of 65 (15%) A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates, whereas allHaemophilus species were correctly identified. The API ZYM test differentiated A. actinomycetemcomitans from H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus by negative β-galactosidase and α-glucosidase reactions and a positive esterase lipase reaction. However, the API ZYM test was unable to differentiateH. aphrophilus from H. paraphrophilus, it also could not differentiate A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes from each other. Among the H. aphrophilus isolates three AP-PCR genotypes and among H. paraphrophilus isolates only one AP-PCR genotype, distinct from those of A. actinomycetemcomitans, were found. The Rapid NH test showed poor ability to identify clinical isolates of all A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Moreover, AP-PCR genotyping proved to be a rapid method for the species differentiation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, H. aphrophilus, and H. paraphrophilus.

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3

Sakai, Masahiro, M. K. Soliman, T. Yoshida, and Masanori Kobayashi. "Identification of Pathogenic Fish Bacteria Using the API ZYM System." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-129.

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The API ZYM system was used to identify the bacterial fish pathogens Enterococcus seriolicida, β-hemolytic Streptococcus sp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Pasteurella piscicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Flexibacter columnaris, and F. maritimus. As additional tests, Gram stain and the activities of cytochrome oxidase and catalase were examined. The results of APS ZYM and the additional tests were coded for easy identification. Several biotypes were demonstrated by Streptococcus sp., V. anguillarum, and A. hydrophila. Other bacteria showed uniform profiles. This system can distinguish each fish pathogen from all other bacterial species examined.

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4

Levett, P. N. "Identification ofClostridium difficile using the API ZYM system." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology 4, no. 5 (October 1985): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02014434.

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5

Tanner, A. C., M. N. Strzempko, C. A. Belsky, and G. A. McKinley. "API ZYM and API An-Ident reactions of fastidious oral gram-negative species." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22, no. 3 (1985): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.22.3.333-335.1985.

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6

Poh, C. L., and G. K. Loh. "Enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia by API ZYM profile." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 3 (1988): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.3.607-608.1988.

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7

St. Leger, R. J., A. K. Charnley, and R. M. Cooper. "Enzymatic characterization of entomopathogens with the API ZYM system." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 48, no. 3 (November 1986): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(86)90067-4.

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8

del Corral, F., and R. L. Buchanan. "Evaluation of the API-ZYM system for identification ofListeria." Food Microbiology 7, no. 2 (June 1990): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-0020(90)90015-a.

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9

Hermoso de Mendoza, J., A. Arenas, J. M. Alonso, J. M. Rey, M. C. Gil, J. M. Anton, and M. Hermoso de Mendoza. "Enzymatic activities of Dermatophilus congolensis measured by API ZYM®." Veterinary Microbiology 37, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(93)90191-9.

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10

Satyanarayana, T., Louis Chavant, and Charles Montant. "Applicability of API ZYM for screening enzyme activity of thermophilic moulds." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85, no. 4 (December 1985): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80271-0.

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11

Gruner, Eva, Alexander von Graevenitz, and Martin Altwegg. "The API ZYM system: a tabulated review from 1977 to date." Journal of Microbiological Methods 16, no. 2 (October 1992): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(92)90030-8.

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12

Charteris, William P., Phillip M. Kelly, Lorenzo Morelli, and J. Kevin Collins. "Quality control Lactobacillus strains for use with the API 50CH and API ZYM systems at 37 °C." Journal of Basic Microbiology 41, no. 5 (October 2001): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4028(200110)41:5<241::aid-jobm241>3.0.co;2-2.

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13

Lai, Qiliang, Jun Yuan, Fuying Li, Tianling Zheng, and Zongze Shao. "Ruegeria pelagia is a later heterotypic synonym of Ruegeria mobilis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.013490-0.

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The 16S rRNA genes of Ruegeria pelagia NBRC 102038T and Ruegeria mobilis NBRC 101030T were resequenced and the results confirmed that they differ by only one base in their almost full-length sequences (1425 nt). The gyrB gene sequence similarity between the two strains was also high (97.7 %). The outcome of API 20NE, API ZYM and antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the two strains show only one difference, in β-galactosidase activity, in API tests and five differences in susceptibility among 30 tested antibiotics. In addition, similar BOX-PCR fingerprints were obtained and the DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was 91±4 %. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that Ruegeria pelagia Lee et al. 2007 is a later heterotypic synonym of Ruegeria mobilis Muramatsu et al. 2007.

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14

Head, C. B., and S. Ratnam. "Comparison of API ZYM system with API AN-Ident, API 20A, Minitek Anaerobe II, and RapID-ANA systems for identification of Clostridium difficile." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 1 (1988): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.1.144-146.1988.

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15

Morton, Darren, and Kama D. Bardhan. "Helicobacter pylori biochemical activity assessed by api zym test: Relation to disease?" Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 2000): A1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)80967-1.

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16

de Oliveira, Rodrigo Cardoso, Ricardo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Caroline de Marchi Bordon, Dauri José Tessmann, Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada, and João Batista Vida. "Enzymatic Characterization of Corynespora cassiicola Isolates Using the API-ZYM® System." Journal of Phytopathology 161, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12043.

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17

Kilvington, S., and D. G. White. "Rapid identification of thermophilic Naegleria, including Naegleria fowleri using API ZYM system." Journal of Clinical Pathology 38, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.38.11.1289.

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18

Boiron, Patrick, and Fr�d�rique Provost. "Enzymatic characterization of Nocardia spp. and related bacteria by API ZYM profile." Mycopathologia 110, no. 1 (April 1990): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00442770.

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19

de La Higuera, Angustias, José Gutiérrez, José Liébana, Antonio Garcia-Mendoza, and Ana Castillo. "A new biotyping method for Streptococcus mutans with the API ZYM system." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 5, no. 2 (February 1999): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00108.x.

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20

O'Dell, William, Pamela Scanlan, and Robert Ramaley. "Pathogenic Naegleria from Thermal Springs." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 11 (January 1, 1987): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1987.2643.

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The long range goal of this research is to document the occurrence of pathogenic amoebae in thermal habitats that have been altered or disturbed by human activity. Immediate goals for this year included the comparison of filtration with centrifugation as a means of concentration of amoebae in water samples and testing the feasibility of using a comerercially available enzyme detection system (API ZYM) for the identification of pathogenic Naegleria.

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21

Liu, Yang, Qiliang Lai, Juan Du, and Zongze Shao. "Reclassification of Bacillus invictae as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus altitudinis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_8 (August 1, 2015): 2769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000336.

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The aim of this study was to reclarify the taxonomic status of strain Bacillus invictae Bi.FFUP1 T by performing comparative analyses with the other four type strains within the Bacillus pumilus group. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strains B. invictae Bi.FFUP1 T ( = DSMZ 26896T = MCCC 1A07089T), B. altitudinis 41KF2bT ( = DSMZ 21631T = MCCC 1A06452T), B. safensis FO-36bT ( = DSMZ 19292T = MCCC 1A6451T), B. pumilus ATCC 7061T ( = DSMZ 27T = MCCC 1A06453T) and B. xiamenensis HYC-10T ( = MCCC 1A00008T) were, respectively, 82.90 % and 98.10 %, which are greater than the thresholds for bacterial species delineation, suggesting that they should belong to the same species, while the dDDH and ANI values between strain B. invictae DSMZ 26896T and the other three type strains within the B. pumilus group were below the respective thresholds of 70 % and 95 %. Meanwhile, B. invictae DSMZ 26896T and B. altitudinis 41KF2bT shared 98.7 % gyrB gene sequence similarity based on resequencing, whereas strain B. invictae DSMZ 26896T shared low similarities ( < 95 %) with the other three type strains. In addition, in comparison with those from the other three type strains, phenotypic data of B. invictae DSMZ 26896T and B. altitudinis 41KF2bT, including API 20NE, API ZYM, Biolog GN2 and API 50CHB tests, showed slight differences. The data from these combined genotypic and phenotypic analyses suggest that Bacillus invictae Branquinho et al. 2014 should be regarded as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus altitudinis Shivaji et al. 2006.

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22

Fontana, Carla, Teresa Jezzi, Gian Piero Testore, and Benedetto Dainelli. "Differentiation ofClostridium difficile, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium sordellii, andClostridium perfringensfrom Diarrheal Stool by API ZYM and API LRA Oxidase Test." Microbiology and Immunology 39, no. 4 (April 1995): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02194.x.

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23

Takada, Kazuko, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Yutaka Sato, and Masatomo Hirasawa. "Prevotella dentasini sp. nov., a black-pigmented species isolated from the oral cavity of donkeys." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.017020-0.

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Four strains (NUM 1903T, NUM 1904, NUM 1912 and NUM 1925) that were obligately anaerobic, pigmented, Gram-negative-staining rods were isolated from the oral cavity of donkeys. These strains were analysed using the Rapid ID 32A, API 20A and API ZYM systems, by DNA–DNA hybridization with other related species and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that each of the new isolates was a member of the genus Prevotella and related to Prevotella multiformis PPPA21T, showing about 93 % sequence similarity. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the four strains are representatives of a novel species, for which the name Prevotella dentasini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NUM 1903T (=JCM 15908T=DSM 22229T).

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24

WANG, YING, TIANLI YUE, YAHONG YUAN, and ZHENPENG GAO. "Isolation and Identification of Thermo-Acidophilic Bacteria from Orchards in China." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.390.

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Eight strains of thermo-acidophilic bacteria have been isolated from apple orchards in Shaanxi Province, China. The isolated strains were identified at the species level by comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences. It was found that all strains could be assigned to two genera. The strain YL-5 belonged to Alicyclobacillus, and other isolates belonged to Bacillus. The enzymatic patterns by the API ZYM system showed very significant differences between 12 strains of Alicyclobacillus and 8 strains of Bacillus. The ability of guaiacol production varied among different strains.

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25

Huang, Jiexun, Baolin Sun, and Xiaobo Zhang. "Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sea sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.013300-0.

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A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain S4T, was isolated from coastal sediment collected off Xiamen, China. The physiological and biochemical features of strain S4T, determined using the API 20NE, API ZYM and Biolog GN2 systems, were similar to those of members of the genus Shewanella. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences placed strain S4T in the genus Shewanella, and it was most closely related to Shewanella oneidensis and related species. DNA–DNA hybridization demonstrated only 11.9–30.4 % relatedness between S4T and the type strains of related Shewanella species. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain S4T is classified in the genus Shewanella as a representative of a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4T (=CCTCC M 209017T =JCM 16212T).

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26

Arora, Gulshan, B. H. Lee, and M. Lamoureux. "Characterization of Enzyme Profiles of Lactobacillus casei Species by a Rapid API ZYM System." Journal of Dairy Science 73, no. 2 (February 1990): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78669-9.

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27

McKellar, R. C. "Extracellular and Cell-associated Hydrolase Profiles of Pseudomonas Fluorescens using the api zym System." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1985): xxxvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(85)71847-0.

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28

González, Ana J., and Estefanía Trapiello. "Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. phaseoli subsp. nov., pathogenic in bean." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_5 (May 1, 2014): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.058099-0.

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A yellow Gram-reaction-positive bacterium isolated from bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was identified as Clavibacter michiganensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Molecular methods were employed in order to identify the subspecies. Such methods included the amplification of specific sequences by PCR, 16S amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), RFLP and multilocus sequence analysis as well as the analysis of biochemical and phenotypic traits including API 50CH and API ZYM results. The results showed that strain LPPA 982T did not represent any known subspecies of C. michiganensis . Pathogenicity tests revealed that the strain is a bean pathogen causing a newly identified bacterial disease that we name bacterial bean leaf yellowing. On the basis of these results, strain LPPA 982T is regarded as representing a novel subspecies for which the name Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. phaseoli subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LPPA 982T ( = CECT 8144T = LMG 27667T).

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29

KRUKOWSKI, HENRYK, ANDRZEJ LISOWSKI, BOŻENA NOWAKOWICZ-DĘBEK, and ŁUKASZ WLAZŁO. "Enzymatic Activity of Prototheca zopfii Strains Isolated from Cows with Mastitis." Polish Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 3 (2012): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2012-028.

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Bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca spp. can be a disease of high significance because of economic losses and the potential risk to public health. The aim of our study was to evaluate enzymatic activity of Prototheca zopfii. For this study, we used 15 P. zopfii strains previously isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Poland. We determined enzymatic profile of Prototheca species using the API ZYM system. Of the enzymatic activities detected during the study, acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, naphthol-as-bi-phosphohydrolase, esterase, lipase esterase, valine arylamidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase C14 were found in high percentage of strains.

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30

Shamoun, S. F., and R. E. Wall. "Characterization of Canadian isolates of Chondrostereum purpureum by protein content, API ZYM and isozyme analyses." Forest Pathology 26, no. 6 (December 1996): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb01079.x.

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31

Saito, Takehiko, Etsuro Ono, and Ryo Yanagawa. "Enzyme activities of the strains belonging to family leptospiraceae detected by the API ZYM system." Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology 266, no. 1-2 (August 1987): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80034-2.

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32

Patel, Drashti, Renee Gismondi, Ali Alsaffar, and Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro. "Applicability of API ZYM to capture seasonal and spatial variabilities in lake and river sediments." Environmental Technology 40, no. 24 (May 2, 2018): 3227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1468492.

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33

Cousins, D. V., and J. M. Lloyd. "Rapid identification of Haemophilus somnus, Histophilus ovis and Actinobacillus seminis using the API ZYM system." Veterinary Microbiology 17, no. 1 (May 1988): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(88)90081-8.

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34

Grehn, Michael, Franco Müller, and Regula Hugelshofer. "The API ZYM system as a tool for typing of Pasteureila multocida strains from humans." Journal of Microbiological Methods 13, no. 3 (July 1991): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(91)90045-r.

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35

Palomo, José Luis, María M. López, Pablo García-Benavides, Encarna Velázquez, and Eustoquio Martínez-Molina. "Evaluation of the API 50CH and API ZYM systems for rapid characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, causal agent of potato ring rot." European Journal of Plant Pathology 115, no. 4 (July 6, 2006): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9032-5.

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36

OGUNTOYINBO, FOLARIN ANTHONY, and OLUWAJENYO MATHEW ONI. "Incidence and Characterization of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Traditional Fermented Meals in Nigeria." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2805.

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The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Bacillus cereus in fermented meals used in food seasoning in Nigeria. The microbial profiles of iru and ogiri, two Nigerian fermented vegetable proteins, were examined for presence of B. cereus. In the 50 samples tested, B. cereus was detected in all the samples, with the level of detection ranging from log 6.3 to log 8.3 g−1 sample. Phenotypic characteristics of the B. cereus isolates showed that all of them could not ferment many sugars, most especially mannitol, but they utilized propionate citrate as a source of carbon and grew anaerobically. The isolates do not produce gas from glucose but hydrolyzed starch, casein, and gelatin. API-50CHB combined with API-20E identified the isolates as B. cereus. The diarrheal enterotoxin was detected by a reversed passive latex agglutination test kit. Results showed no significant difference in toxin production between ogiri and iru B. cereus isolated from different sources; all the isolates also demonstrated positive hemolytic activity. The API-ZYM enzyme profile showed that the strains have poor hydrolytic enzyme potential; hence, their possible contributions to the fermentation of vegetable protein is doubtful. This study established the proliferation of B. cereus in fermented protein meal and determined the diarrheal toxin production potential of the organism.

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37

Kołodziejczyk, Lidia, Kinga Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz, Magdalena Twarużek, Jan Grajewski, Łukasz Łopusiewicz, Aleksandra Rybińska, Ewa Dzika, and Bogumiła Pilarczyk. "The Ovistatic Effect of Saprotrophic Soil Fungi on Ascaris suum Eggs." Folia Biologica 67, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_67-3.11.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential use of selected species of soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. sulphureum, F. verticillioides, and Penicillium expansum) for the bioregulation of the dispersive stages of a parasitic nematode – the large roundworm of pig (Ascaris suum). Experimental cultures containing A. suum eggs with soil fungi and control cultures without fungi were incubated at 26°C for 28 days. Microscopic observations of the developmental stages of the A. suum eggs (zygote, 2-8 blastomeres, morula/blastula, gastrula, and larva) were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The API-ZYM test was used to semi-quantitatively determine the activity of 19 hydrolytic fungal enzymes. The cytotoxicity of the fungi was determined with a tetrazole salt MTT assay. Microscopic observations of A. suum eggs incubated in the presence of fungi up to day 28 did not show any signs of destruction to egg shells and/or penetration of the fungi into the eggs. The ovistatic effect of all tested fungi (F. sulphureum, P. expansum, F. verticillioides, and F. oxysporum; p<0.05) was seen only on the 7th day of incubation, whereas on the 14th day, only F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum showed an inhibitory effect on the embryogenesis of A. suum, and by the 28th day, only P. expansum. The API-ZYM test showed differences in the hydrolytic activity of the tested strains, while the MTT assay showed the high cytotoxicity of F. sulphureum, the moderate cytotoxicity of F. verticillioides and P. expansum, and the low cytotoxicity of F. oxysporum. Among the fungal strains studied, F. sulphureum showed the highest ovistatic effect, which may be related to its enzymatic activity and cytotoxicity.

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38

Ling, W. H., M. Saxelin, O. Hanninen, and S. Salminen. "Enzyme Profile ofLactobacillusStrain GG by a Rapid API ZYM System: A Comparison of Intestinal Bacterial Strains." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 7, no. 2 (January 1994): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08910609409141578.

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39

Martínez, D., M. J. Molina, J. Sánchez, M. C. Moscatelli, and S. Marinari. "API ZYM assay to evaluate enzyme fingerprinting and microbial functional diversity in relation to soil processes." Biology and Fertility of Soils 52, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1055-7.

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40

Vadlejch, J., I. Langrová, M. Borovský, M. Sedmíková, I. Jankovská, J. Fechtner, and A. Lytvynets. "Enzymatic and protein differences between infective larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis conditioned or not conditioned to hypobiosis." Helminthologia 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-006-0013-1.

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AbstractThe differences in protein and enzymatic profiles of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, both induced and non-induced to hypobiosis, have been evaluated by means of SDS-PAGE and densitometric analysis as well as by semiquantitative micromethod API-ZYM (Bio-Mérieux, France). Quantitative differences were identified in protein levels between the induced and non-induced larvae, where the amount of two polypeptides (200–220 kDa) decreased in range 32.3–35.4 % and the amount of six polypeptides (20–28 kDa) increased in range 20.0–27.0 % in the samples of induced larvae. In contrast to non-induced larvae, on gelatin-substrate gel in L3 in vitro released (IVR) proteases from larvae conditioned to hypobiosis, zones of proteolysis were observed between 21 and 34 kDa.

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41

Killer, J., J. Havlík, E. Vlková, V. Rada, R. Pechar, O. Benada, J. Kopečný, O. Kofroňová, and H. Sechovcová. "Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov., from the digestive tract of wild rodents." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_5 (May 1, 2014): 1526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.054924-0.

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Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3 % and 97.2 % sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2–99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9–84.0 % similarities), pheS (84.6–87.8 %), atpA (86.2–87.7 %), hsp60 (89.4–90.4 %) and tuf (92.7–93.6 %) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus . The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T ( = DSM 24759T = CCM 7945T).

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Staniszewska, M., D. Rabczenko, and W. Kurzątkowski. "Discrimination between the enzymatic activities of Candida albicans pleomorphic forms determined using the api® ZYM test." Mycoses 54, no. 6 (May 30, 2011): e744-e750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.02011.x.

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MNICHOWSKA-POLANOWSKA, MAGDALENA, IWONA WOJCIECHOWSKA-KOSZKO, BOGUMIA KLIMOWICZ, LUDMIA SZYMANIAK, BARBARA KRASNODĘBSKA-SZPONDER, ZBIGNIEW SZYCH, and STEFANIA GIEDRYS-KALEMBA. "Endogenous or Exogenous Origin of Vaginal Candidiasis in Polish Women?" Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 3 (2013): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-042.

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Vaginal candidiasis is a common problem of clinical practice. Many studies have been conducted to explain its origin but only a few have included Polish women. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and similarity of oral, anal and vaginal Candida albicans strains isolated from Polish women with vaginal candidiasis. The study involved 20 from 37 recruited women. Swab samples were collected from their vagina, anus, and oral cavity at two-month intervals. All the women were treated with nystatin. Yeast were recovered and identified by the germ-tube test, API /Vitek system, typed by API ZYM and RAPD-PCR. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. A total of 170 Candida albicans isolates were recovered from 180 samples collected 3 times from 3 sites of 20 women. Positive yeast vaginal cultures were found in all patients before administration of nystatin. Vaginal yeast recovery rate was decreased statistically significant in both follow-up visits (p= 0.001; p= 0.003). The same and different genotypes/biotypes were found concomitantly in a few body sites and/ or repeatedly at time interval from the same body site. The results support the concept of dynamic exchange of yeast within one woman and endogenous or exogenous origin of vaginal candidiasis.

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Durmaz, Bengül, Hannele R. Jousimies-Somer, and Sydney M. Finegold. "Enzymatic Profiles of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides Species Obtained with the API ZYM System and Rosco Diagnostic Tablets." Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, Supplement_2 (June 1, 1995): S192—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.supplement_2.s192.

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Brander, M. A., and H. R. Jousimies-Somer. "Evaluation of the RapID ANA II and API ZYM systems for identification of Actinomyces species from clinical specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30, no. 12 (1992): 3112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.30.12.3112-3116.1992.

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Wawron, W., M. Bochniarz, and M. Szczubiał. "Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0009-8.

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Enzymatic activity of yeasts isolated from the inflamed mammary secretion in dairy cows The aim of the study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from inflammatory mammary secretion. The yeasts isolated from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis (134 strains) included: Candida krusei (62 strains), Candida kefyr (48 strains), Candida lusitaniae (17 strains) and Candida famata (7 strains). The API ZYM system was used containing substrates to assess 19 hydrolytic enzymes. Substantial differences in the number and activity of hydrolyses were demonstrated in individual species. In Candida krusei, acid phosphatase showed the highest activity (4.36 points), in Candida kefyr and Candida lusitaniae - leucine arylamidase (4.93 and 4.25 points, respectively), in Candida famata - α-glucosidase (4.75 points). No activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase or α-fucosidase was observed in any of the yeasts examined.

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Stamopoulos, C. "Some enzymatic activities registered in eggs and gut tissues of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin)." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 6 (May 31, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13955.

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Nineteen enzymatic activities of eggs, gut tissues of larvae and adults of Dacus oleae have been determined using the API-ZYM micromethod. The enzymatic activities of eggs were much weaker than those of larval or adult guts. The activities increased progressively to the L2 and L3. The lack of feeding caused a reduction of certain activities in larvae (alkaline phosphatase, esterases, aminopeptidases) but not in adults. The addition of streptomycin to the food of adults, to obtain “aposymbiotic” individuals, did not have a clear effect on the activities of the insect’s various stages. Although the enzymes studied were not the only ones that occur in the insect’s gut tissues, it seems that there are few similarities between the enzymatic system of larvae and that of adults, most probably because of the different content of the two diets in essential nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, and lipids.

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McKellar, Robin C. "Determination of the Extracellular and Cell-Associated Hydrolase Profiles of Pseudomonas fluorescens Sp. Using the Analytab API ZYM System." Journal of Dairy Science 69, no. 3 (March 1986): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80453-2.

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Khashe, Shideh, and J. Michael Janda. "Biochemical and Pathogenic Properties ofShewanella alga and Shewanella putrefaciens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 3 (1998): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.3.783-787.1998.

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We characterized 49 strains of Shewanella spp. from clinical (n = 31) and nonhuman (n = 18) sources. Most Shewanella alga organisms (Gilardi biovar 2; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] biotype 2) originated from clinical material (92%), failed to produce acid from carbohydrates other than d-ribose, and were biochemically and enzymatically fairly homogeneous. In contrast, Shewanella putrefaciens organisms (Gilardi biovars 1 and 3; CDC biotype 1) were more often associated with nonhuman sources (70%), were able to utilize a number of sugars (sucrose, l-arabinose, and maltose), and were found to exhibit wider variations in biochemical characteristics; three biotypes within S. putrefaciens were detected. Notable differences between the two species in enzymatic activity, determined with the API-ZYM system (bioMérieux, Hazelwood, Mo.), and cellular fatty acid profiles, determined by the MIDI system (Microbial ID Inc., Newark, Del.), were also detected. Pathogenicity studies of mice indicate that S. alga appears to be the more virulent species, possibly due to the production of a hemolytic substance.

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Valderrama, Benjamín, José J. Ruiz, María Soledad Gutiérrez, Katherine Alveal, Mario Caruffo, Marcia Oliva, Héctor Flores, et al. "Cultivable Yeast Microbiota from the Marine Fish Species Genypterus chilensis and Seriolella violacea." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070515.

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Because of its outstanding biological and industrial importance, many efforts have been made to characterize the mycobiota of new environments and their biochemical and biotechnological potentials. Gut mycobiota can be a source of novel yeasts with the potential to be used as probiotics or have industrial applications. In this work, we characterized two as-yet unexplored yeast communities from the intestinal content of the cultured marine Chilean fishes Genypterus chilensis (G. chilensis) and Seriolella violacea (S. violacea). Yeasts were isolated through culture, identified by sequencing their ITS region, and characterized their enzymatic profile with API®ZYM. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was identified in both fish species. For the first time, Candida palmioleophila, Candida pseudorugosa, Cystobasidium slooffiae, and a member of the Yamadazyma genus were also identified and described as part of the normal fish gut–microbiota. Furthermore, the diverse enzymatic profile exhibited by some of these isolates suggests that it may be possible to develop novel applications for them, such as new probiotics and other biotechnological applications.

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