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Journal articles on the topic 'Apical seal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Amlani, Harsh. "Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 2 (2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1215.

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ABSTRACT Microorganisms can reach the dental pulp through the open cavity, dentinal tubules, gingival sulcus, periodontal ligament through a broken occlusal seal or faulty restoration of tooth previously treated by endodontic therapy or extension of a periapical infection from adjacent infected teeth. During operative procedures, these possible paths must be considered to prevent ingress. While endodontic therapy is being performed, these paths must be blocked to avoid contamination during and after the treatment. Well treated tooth might also fail if microorganisms reach the periradicular tissues. After root canal obliteration, care must be taken to ensure maintenance of the coronal as well as apical seal from contaminants. How to cite this article Amlani H, Hegde V. Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal. World J Dent 2013;4(2):113-116.

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2

Loeck, M., J. Becker, and P. Reichart. "Apical seal problems in therapeutics replantations." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 17, no. 2 (April 1988): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(88)80183-8.

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3

Stock, C. "Endodontics--position of the apical seal." British Dental Journal 176, no. 9 (May 1994): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4808442.

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4

Zogheib, Carla, and Etienne Medioni. "Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha." World Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2012): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1150.

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ABSTRACT Forty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth instrumented with ProTaper system to apical preparations 0.25, 0.40 and 0.60 mm (n = 16 each) were divided into six groups for filling as following: Group 1: Apical preparation 25/100 + gutta-percha/AH Plus sealer, group 2: Apical preparation 25/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 3: Apical preparation 40/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus sealer, group 4: Apical preparation 40/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 5: Apical preparation 60/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus, group 6: Apical preparation 60/100 + Resilon/Real Seal. All teeth were filled using the warm vertical technique. Horizontal sections at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the apex were observed by SEM under 200 × magnification. Sections were digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope and the images were transferred to a compatible PC for image analysis. The surface area of voids were calculated and compared at all levels; using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Sidak correction and Mann-Whitney U test (p > 0.05). Comparisons within each group (gutta-percha/AH plus and Resilon/Real Seal) showed the presence of voids but there was no significant difference between any level of sectioning for apical preparations of 25 and 40 (p > 0.05). The only difference was in the groups prepared to size 60 and filled with Resilon/ Real Seal which showed significantly more voids than the group filled with gutta-percha/AH plus and especially at the 3 mm level. Conclusion The system Resilon/Real Seal did not achieve better results in terms of sealing ability in the apical third when compared to the conventional gutta-percha/AH plus sealing system. How to cite this article Zogheib C, Naaman A, Medioni E. Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha. World J Dent 2012;3(2):166-170.

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Suchina, John A., and John R. Ludington. "Dowel space preparation and the apical seal." Journal of Endodontics 11, no. 1 (January 1985): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(85)80100-x.

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6

Arora, Suraj, Priyanka Saluja, Shugufta Mir, ShashitS Bavabeedu, AnshadM Abdulla, and SuheelM Baba. "Relation between apical seal and apical preparation diameter: An in vitro study." Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_97_20.

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7

Kaur, H., S. Chaudhary, and P. Tangde. "MTA : Boon to Apexification." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-7-2-114.

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ABSTRACT A significant problem associated with the endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with open apices is achieving an acceptable seal in the apical area to allow compaction of root filling material. The procedure to create an apical barrier with a hard tissue at the root end is termed as Apexification. Calcium hydroxide is currently the most accepted material for the same. Because of the certain inadequacies associated with Calcium hydroxide Apexification, employing of an apical plug using MTA (Mineral Trioxide aggregate) has gained popularity in recent years. This article is thus an insight to the evolution and recent trends in Apexification.

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8

Jafarzadeh, Hamid, Zahed Mohammadi, Sousan Shalavi, and Jun-Ichiro Kinoshita. "Establishing Apical Patency: To be or not to be?" Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 4 (2017): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2040.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The apical portion of the root canal is very complex and challenging during endodontic treatment. Root canal preparation and obturation to the apical constriction may provide the best prognosis. Incomplete debridement, foramen transportation, and inadequate seal in the apical portion are considered to be responsible for treatment failure. The technique “apical patency” is considered as a way for maintaining the apical part the free of the debris by recapitulation, using a small K-file through the area of the apical foramen. This term was firstly proposed by Buchanan. In this technique, the smallest diameter file is set 1 mm longer than working length and recapitulated after each instrument to prevent packing of debris in the apical part. Apical patency has been found to be effective in achieving an apical seal with gutta-percha. Teeth prepared with a step back method and with maintained apical patency may show less leakage when obturated with cold lateral condensation technique. Data regarding the effect of apical patency on the healing of periapical tissue are very scarce, and it has been shown that the patency file has detrimental effect on the healing of periapical tissues in animal studies. However, using patency file in endodontic treatment is controversial and further studies are needed. The purpose of this article is to review the effect of using a patency file on the extrusion of root canal contents, the apical seal, postoperative pain, and healing of periapical tissues. Furthermore, the effect of establishing patency on reaching irrigation solutions to the apical portion of the canal and prognosis of root canal treatment are discussed. Clinical significance How to cite this article Mohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Kinoshita J-I. Establishing Apical Patency: To be or not to be? J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):326-329.

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Yildirim, Tahsin, and Nimet Gencoglu. "Use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in the Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions: Reports of Three Cases." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 04 (October 2010): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697867.

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Pulpal and periradicular pathosis are the result of microbial, mechanical, or chemical invasion. Microorganisms are the main irritants of pulpal and periapical tissues. The goal of the obturation is to obtain a fluid-tight seal of the root canal system from its coronal aspect through its apical extent to preserve from the irritants.. Root apices have morphological irregularities in teeth with periapical lesions. Therefore, it is more difficult to produce hermetically apical stop with conventional guttapercha obturation techniques. This case report describes the treatment and six years follow-up of the teeth with large periapical lesion using MTA as apical filling material. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:468- 474)

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10

Monsef, M., K. Hamedzadeh, and A. Soluti. "OR 15 Effect of apical patency on the apical seal of obturated canals." Journal of Endodontics 23, no. 4 (April 1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80072-6.

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11

Souza, Ronaldo Araújo, Yara T. Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Suely Colombo, Maurício Lago, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, and Jesus Djalma Pécora. "Healing of a tooth with an overinstrumented apex, extensive transportation and periapical lesion using a 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug: an 8-year follow-up report." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 5 (October 2012): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000500024.

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Besides the risk of filling material extrusion throughout the apex, a satisfactory apical seal can be difficult to achieve in canals with open apices or iatrogenic enlargements of the apical constriction. These situations pose a challenge to root canal filling. This paper describes the root canal filling of a maxillary right canine with an overinstrumented apex, complete loss of the apical stop, extensive canal transportation and apical periodontitis. A 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug was placed before root canal filling. The plug was made by soaking paper points with saline, dipping the points in calcium hydroxide powder and then applying it to the apex several times, until a consistent apical plug was obtained. The canal was then irrigated with saline in order to remove any residual calcium hydroxide from the root canal walls, dried with paper points and obturated with an inverted #80 gutta-percha cone and zinc oxide-eugenol based sealer by the lateral condensation technique. An 8-year radiographic follow-up showed formation of mineralized tissue sealing the apical foramen, apical remodeling and no signs of apical periodontitis.

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12

Jacobson, Antone G., George F. Oster, Garrett M. Odell, and Louis Y. Cheng. "Neurulation and the cortical tractor model for epithelial folding." Development 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.96.1.19.

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We present here a new model for epithelial morphogenesis, which we call the ‘cortical tractor model’. This model assumes that the motile activities of epithelial cells are similar to those of mesenchymal cells, with the added constraint that the cells in an epithelial sheet remain attached at their apical circumference. In particular, we assert that there is a time-averaged motion of cortical cytoplasm which flows from the basal and lateral surfaces to the apical region. This cortical flow carries with it membrane and adhesive structures that are inserted basally and resorbed apically. Thus the apical seal that characterizes epithelial sheets is a dynamic structure: it is continuously created by the cortical flow which piles up components near where they are recycled in the apical region. By use of mechanical analyses and computer simulations we demonstrate that the cortical tractor motion can reproduce a variety of epithelial motions, including columnarization (placode formation), imagination and rolling. It also provides a mechanism for driving active cell rearrangements within an epithelial sheet, while maintaining the integrity of the apical seal. Active repacking of epithelial cells appears to drive a number of morphogenetic processes. Neurulation in amphibians provides an example of a process in which all four of the above morphogenetic movements appear to play a role. Here we reexamine the process of neurulation in amphibians in light of the cortical tractor model, and find that it provides an integrated view of this important morphogenetic process.

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13

Nischith, KG, GPV Srikumar, Shuaib Razvi, and R. Vinay Chandra. "Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 1 (2012): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1090.

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ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. Materials and methods Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Group A of 25 teeth and group B of 25 teeth and a control group of 10 teeth. Cleaning and shaping of the root canals were performed using endodontic K-files up to no. 50 size file in step-back technique. During the process, in root canals of group A, 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by 3% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used as root canal irrigant. In group B, MTAD (mixture tetracycline citric acid and detergent) was used as a root canal irrigant. In control group, saline was used as root canal irrigant. The root surfaces were then coated with nail polish of both experimental groups and control group. The samples were then immersed in India ink dye for 1 week at 37°C. Results The statistical analysis of the results showed that the apical leakage was significantly more in teeth, where smear layer was not removed. Conclusion The removal of smear layer improves the longterm apical seal and success of endodontically treated teeth. Clinical significance The development and maintenance of apical seal is desirable and considered to be a major prerequisite to improve the outcome of root canal treatment. How to cite this article Nischith KG, Srikumar GPV, Razvi S, Chandra RV. Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):23-26.

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14

Laslami, Kaoutar, Sara Dhoum, Amine El Harchi, and Iman Benkiran. "Relationship between the Apical Preparation Diameter and the Apical Seal: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2327854.

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Objectives. The aim of the study is to define the relationship between the apical preparation diameter and the apical sealing ability to highlight the importance of the preservation of the diameter and the original position of the apical foramen. Materials and Methods. 50 extracted maxillary incisors were randomly allocated into three groups of 15 teeth each (n = 15) according to the apical preparation size: Group 1: finishing file F1 corresponding to size 20 reached the working length (ProTaper Universal system Dentsply®); Group 2: prepared up to size 30 corresponding to finishing file F30; Group 3: prepared up to size 50 corresponding to finishing file F5. Five teeth were assigned to positive and negative control groups. After the filling of the root canals, the teeth were isolated and immersed in a dye solution, then cut longitudinally, photographed, and the dye penetration were calculated using a computer software. Results. Comparison of the three different apical preparation sizes showed no statistically significant differences regarding the apical microleakage. Conclusion. The most important value of the dye penetration was observed in the group with the largest apical diameter.

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15

Hatton, John F., Patrick J. Ferrillo, Gary Wagner, and Gregory P. Stewart. "The effect of condensation pressure on the apical seal." Journal of Endodontics 14, no. 6 (June 1988): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(88)80031-1.

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16

HOSOYA, N., M. NOMURA, A. YOSHIKUBO, T. ARAI, J. NAKAMURA, and C. COX. "Effect of Canal Drying Methods on the Apical Seal." Journal of Endodontics 26, no. 5 (May 2000): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200005000-00011.

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17

Kim, S. K., and Y. O. Kim. "Influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on apical seal." International Endodontic Journal 35, no. 7 (July 2002): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00539.x.

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18

Sheikh, Md Abdul Hannan, Abdul Kader Shaikh, Kamrunnahar, and Sultana Parveen. "Management of Non-vital Maxillary Central Incisors with Open Apices by MTA Plugging." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 35, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v35i4.34741.

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The major challenge of performing root canal treatment in an open apex pulp-less tooth is to obtain a good apical seal. An 11 year old boy was presented with pain in his upper anterior teeth. On clinical examination both the maxillary central incisors revealed slight discoloration and fracture of the crown. Radiographic evaluation revealed radiolucency and open apices of both central incisors. Apexification with MTA apical plug was carried out before obturation with gutta-percha and sealer and the treatment was completed within 3 consecutive appointments. In twelve months follow up both the teeth were clinically and radiographically asymptomatic and the healing of the apical area was continued. The positive clinical outcome may encourage the future use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as an apical plug material in case of non-vital open apex teeth.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(4): 196-199

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LUCENAMARTIN, C., C. FERRERLUQUE, M. GONZALEZRODRIGUEZ, V. ROBLESGIJON, and J. NAVAJASRODRIGUEZDEMONDELO. "A Comparative Study of Apical Leakage of Endomethasone, Top Seal, and Roeko Seal Sealer Cements." Journal of Endodontics 28, no. 6 (June 2002): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200206000-00001.

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20

Sritharan, Anjella. "Discuss That The Coronal Seal Is More Important Than The Apical Seal For Endodontic Success." Australian Endodontic Journal 28, no. 3 (December 2002): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2002.tb00404.x.

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Sumanthini, M. V., and Mausami A. Malgaonkar. "Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate apical plugs – Case report." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 1, no. 2 (2011): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcd-1-2-40.

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Abstract The case report describes the treatment of maxillary central incisors with open apex, due to apical root resorption, as a consequence of trauma experienced three years earlier. Open apices pose a challenge during endodontic treatment. Several materials and methods have been widely studied and tried in the past. Obtaining an adequate apical seal is of paramount importance regardless of the material or technique used. In the present case the involved teeth were treated nonsurgically using white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an artificial apical barrier. The treated teeth were asymptomatic and the follow up clinical and radiographic examination showed healing with apparent regeneration of periradicular tissues. Extrusion of MTA beyond the root end was not an obstacle in the healing process. MTA can be considered an effective material to treat infected open apex teeth with large periapical lesions.

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Minnich, Scott G., Gary R. Hartwell, and Frank R. Portell. "Does cold burnishing gutta-percha create a better apical seal?" Journal of Endodontics 15, no. 5 (May 1989): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(89)80236-5.

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23

Haddix, James E., Gordon D. Mattison, Carolyn A. Shulman, and Frank E. Pink. "Post preparation techniques and their effect on the apical seal." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 64, no. 5 (November 1990): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(90)90119-w.

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Darmawi, Imelda, Dennis Dennis, and Trimurni Abidin. "MTA AS AN APICAL PLUG IN NONVITAL TOOTH WITH OPEN APEX : A CASE REPORT." B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah 5, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v5i2.155.

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Gigi imatur dengan nekrosis pulpa akibat trauma , karies atau pathosispulpa. Dimana pembentukan dentin terganggu dan perkembangan akarberhenti sehingga terjadi perubahan warna gigi. Mineral trioxideaggregate (MTA) adalah bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untukapeksifikasi apeks terbuka karena biokompatibilitasnya, nonmutagenisitas,non-neurotoksisitas, kemampuan regeneratif, dan sifatseal yang baik. Pada kasus ini penggunaan MTA sebagai plug apikal,pada gigi yang imature dengan apeks terbuka merupakan keputusanyang tepat. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah menjelaskanpenggunaan MTA sebagai apical pluq pada gigi insisivus lateralmaksila dengan diagnosis pulpa nekrosis dengan apeks terbuka dandilanjutkan bleaching internal. Seorang pasien pria 43 tahun yangdatang ke RSGM, Universitas Sumatera Utara dengan keluhan utamagigi yang berubah warna . Pemeriksaan radiografi menunjukkan apeksterbuka untuk gigi #12. Setelah cleaning and shapping dilakukan,kalsium hidroksida ditempatkan sebagai medikamen intracanal. MTAdiletakkan kedalam saluran akar dengan ketebalan 3-4 mmmenggunakan hand pluggers. Obturasi dengan gutta-perchatermoplastik. Penggunaan MTA telah banyak direkomendasikan untukkasus apeks terbuka. Karena memiliki apical seal yang baik,biokompatibilitas dan kemampuan regenerasi jaringan periodontal.Setelah di Follow up tidak adanya keluhan baik secara klinis maupunradiografi. Laporan kasus ini menunjukkan MTA sebagai bahanalternatif untuk apical plug pada metode konvensional apeksifikasi.

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Tanomaru-Filho, Mário, Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru, Mario Roberto Leonardo, and Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva. "Periapical repair after root canal filling with different root canal sealers." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 5 (2009): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000500006.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical repair after root canal filling with different endodontic sealers. Sixty-four root canals from dog´s teeth were filled, divided into 4 groups (n=16). Root canals were instrumented with K-type files and irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Root canals were filled in the same session by active lateral condensation of the cones and sealers: Intrafill, AH Plus, Roeko Seal and Resilon/Epiphany System. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the tissues to be evaluated were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For histopathological analysis, the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory process, mineralized tissue resorption, and apical mineralized tissue deposition. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Intrafill had less favorable results in terms of apical and periapical repair, compared to the other sealers (p<0.05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal, and Epiphany sealers had similar and satisfactory results (p>0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus and the materials Roeko Seal and Epiphany are good options for clinical use in Endodontics.

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Wagle, S., N. Joshi, and K. Prajapati. "Management of a non-vital immature tooth using MTA as an apical plug: Two case reports." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12574.

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MTA appears to be a valid option for apexification with its main advantage being, the speed at which the treatment can be completed. A major problem in performing endodontics in immature teeth with necrotic pulp and wide open apices is obtaining an optimal seal of the root-canal system. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), has been proposed as a potential material to create an apical plug at the end of the root-canal system, thus preventing the extrusion of filling materials.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12574

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Holland, Roberto, Sueli Satomi Murata, Henrian Gonzaga Barbosa, Osvaldo Garlipp, Valdir de Souza, and Eloi Dezan Junior. "Apical seal of root canals with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide." Brazilian Dental Journal 15, no. 1 (2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402004000100005.

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The objective of this research was to determine if gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] improve the apical seal after root canal filling and if the master point does it alone. Human single recently extracted teeth were biomechanically prepared and the root canals filled by the lateral condensation technique with ZOE and gutta-percha points, with or without calcium hydroxide. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue solution in a vacuum environment for 24 h after which they were processed for stereomicroscope evaluation. Better results were observed with the teeth filled with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide (p=0.01). We conclude that these new points make a better apical seal and that these results can also be obtained with the calcium hydroxide master point associated with regular ones (p=0.05).

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Makkar, Sameer, Nisha Kaler, and Navjot Mann. "Pulp revascularization of an immature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis: A case report." Serbian Dental Journal 60, no. 2 (2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1302099m.

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The present case report analyzes the outcome of revascularization treatment of an immature permanent tooth with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. The canal was disinfected with copious irrigation and application of triple antibiotic paste. After the disinfection protocol was completed, apical bleeding was induced in the canal resulting in the formation of a blood clot. An absorbable scaffold was placed over it followed by an adequate triple coronal seal. After nine months follow-up, increased thickening of dentinal walls with intact lamina dura and complete apical closure was reported radiographically. Therefore, revascularization therapy could be recommended as an alternative treatment option.

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MCDONALD, N. J., and T. C. DUMSHA. "An evaluation of the retrograde apical seal using dentine bonding materials." International Endodontic Journal 23, no. 3 (May 1990): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00093.x.

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Baldissera, Renata, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Márcia Helena Wagner, Milton Carlos Kuga, Fabiana Soares Grecca, Augusto Bodanezi, Luis Carlos da Fontoura Frasca, and Marcus Vinícius Reis Só. "Adhesion of real seal to human root dentin treated with different solutions." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 5 (October 2012): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000500009.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigants on sealer-dentin bond strength when using Real Seal. Thirty single-rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups. In one group, the teeth were irrigated with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl after each file change, flushed with 17% EDTA for 3 min and finally rinsed with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. In the other two groups, rinse with NaOCl was replaced with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 0.9% saline, respectively. Each root was sectioned transversally into apical, middle and coronal thirds to obtain 2-mm-thick slices. Each slice was filled with Real Seal and Resilon. Push-out test was used to analyze bond strength and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed, according to SEM observations. The push-out test did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the irrigants. However, the groups exhibited significantly different (p<0.05) bond strengths in terms of the root canal third. Higher bond strength was observed at the apical third when compared with coronal third, while middle third presented intermediary values. Fifteen specimens were analyzed by SEM (5 per group). Eleven specimens exhibited adhesive failures (5 in saline, 4 in NaOCl and 2 in CHX group); 2 cohesive failures were observed in the CHX group, and 1 mixed failure each was observed in the CHX and NaOCl groups. The tested irrigants did not influence the bond strength of Resilon and Real Seal to dentin. The apical third exhibited higher mean bond strengths and adhesive failures were predominant.

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Barbizam, João Vicente Baroni, Matheus Souza, Doglas Cecchin, and Jakob Dabbel. "Effectiveness of a silicon-based root canal sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2007): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000100005.

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The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.

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Bolli, Rashmi V., and Aanchal M. Agrawal. "Management of Traumatized Open Apex Teeth with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apexification and Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft as Apical Matrix." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1171.

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ABSTRACT Achievement of a perfect apical seal in the case of a traumatized nonvital open apex tooth is one of the most important factors affecting its long-term success. It can be treated surgically by placing a retrofill or by a nonsurgical approach by apexification. Currently, apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the treatment of choice in such cases. Herein, due to large apical diameter, limiting the MTA within the canal space is challenging, making it imperative to use a suitable apical matrix. This case report demonstrates successful management of traumatized nonvital open apex teeth with MTA apexification using demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft apical matrix. How to cite this article Bolli RV, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy VU, Agrawal AM. Management of Traumatized Open Apex Teeth with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apexification and Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft as Apical Matrix. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(3):194-199.

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Ferrari, Enrico, Didier Locca, Denis Berdajs, Carlo Marcucci, Fabrizio Gronchi, Jerome Lavanchy, René Prêtre, and Piergiorgio Tozzi. "Use of a Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder for Apical Closure in Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000118.

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During transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TA-TAVR), the apical closure remains a challenge for the surgeon, having the risk for ventricular tear and massive bleeding. Apical closure devices are already under clinical evaluation, but only a few can lead to a full percutaneous TA-TAVR. We describe the successful use of a 9-mm myocardial occluder (ventricular septal defect occluder) that was used to seal the apex after a standard TA-TAVR (using the Sapien XT 23-mm transcatheter valve and the Ascendra + delivery system). The placement of the nonmodified myocardial occluder was performed through the Ascendra + delivery system, with a very small amount of blood loss and an acceptable sealing of the apical tear. This approach is feasible and represents a further step toward true-percutaneous transapical heart valve procedures. Modified apical occluders are under evaluation in animal models.

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Radeva, Elka, Desislava Tsanova-Tosheva, Alexander Bonchev, Rumen Radev, Mario Gruncharov, Martin Vloka, Slavka Dimitrova, and Valena Ivancheva. "EVALUATION OF THE APICAL SEAL AFTER POST SPACE PREPARATION: IN VITRO STUDY." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 25, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2019251.2327.

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Leonardo, Marcela V., Edson H. Goto, Carlos R. G. Torres, Alessandra B. Borges, Cláudio A. T. Carvalho, and Daphne C. Barcellos. "Assessment of the apical seal of root canals using different filling techniques." Journal of Oral Science 51, no. 4 (2009): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.51.593.

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Smith, Jeremy J., and Steve Montgomery. "A comparison of apical seal: Chloroform versus halothane-dipped gutta-percha cones." Journal of Endodontics 18, no. 4 (April 1992): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81410-x.

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PORKAEW, P., D. RETIEF, R. BARFIELD, W. LACEFIELD, and S. SOONG. "Effects of calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal medicament on apical seal." Journal of Endodontics 16, no. 8 (August 1990): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81908-4.

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Yancich, Peter P., Gary R. Hartwell, and Frank R. Portell. "A comparison of apical seal: Chloroform versus eucalyptol-dipped gutta-percha obturation." Journal of Endodontics 15, no. 6 (June 1989): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(89)80220-1.

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Antonopoulos, Kosmas G., Thomas Attin, and Elmar Hellwig. "Evaluation of the apical seal of root canal fillings with different methods." Journal of Endodontics 24, no. 10 (October 1998): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80149-0.

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Gagliani, Massimo, Silvio Taschieri, and Raffaella Molinari. "Ultrasonic root-end preparation: Influence of cutting angle on the apical seal." Journal of Endodontics 24, no. 11 (November 1998): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80162-3.

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FROES, J., H. HORTA, and A. BARBOSADASILVEIRA. "Smear Layer Influence on the Apical Seal of Four Different Obturation Techniques." Journal of Endodontics 26, no. 6 (June 2000): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200006000-00010.

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GANI, O., C. VISVISIAN, and C. DECASO. "Quality of Apical Seal in Curved Canals Using Three Types of Spreaders." Journal of Endodontics 26, no. 10 (October 2000): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200010000-00001.

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43

RODA, R. S., and J. L. GUTMANN. "Reliability of reduced air pressure methods used to assess the apical seal." International Endodontic Journal 28, no. 3 (May 1995): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00291.x.

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44

Kuhre, Alan N., and Joel R. Kessler. "Effect of moisture on the apical seal of laterally condensed gutta-percha." Journal of Endodontics 19, no. 6 (June 1993): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80456-5.

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45

Barkhordar, R., M. Maher, and L. G. Watanabe. "Poster Clinic #15 — A comparative study of doxycycline irrigation on apical seal." Journal of Endodontics 19, no. 4 (April 1993): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80781-8.

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46

Rijal, Sujan. "Sealing Ability of Resin Based Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v9i2.17871.

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The primary goal is to attain a three dimensional seal, which would lead to an impervious seal. Obturation of the prepared root canal eliminates all avenues of leakage from the oral cavity and the periodontal tissues, sealing any residual irritants that remain within the root canal system after cleaning and shaping. Though the primary goal of obturation has been clearly defined there is still an ongoing research for a sealer and a core material that would provide an apical as well as coronal seal.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, Page: 58-62

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Golden, Amy L., and Philippe R. Hennet. "Root Canal Obturation using Thermafil® Endodontic Obturators in Dog Teeth." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 9, no. 3 (September 1992): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649200900302.

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The technique of using Thermafil® endodontic obturators to fill root canals in dog teeth is discussed in detail. Stainless steel carriers coated with gutta-percha were heated and inserted in instrumented canals of dog teeth. The ease of the technique is discussed and obturation efficacy is evaluated. No perfect apical seal was achieved.

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Koyess, Edmond. "Case Report: Combined nonsurgical and surgical therapy of dens invaginatus of a microdontic maxillary lateral incisor." F1000Research 9 (February 19, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21816.1.

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This report describes the management of an uncommon case of dens invaginatus of a microdontic upper lateral incisor, with an extended apical lesion. Dens invaginatus is a developmental abnormality of a tooth where enamel and dentin fold into the pulpal space. This abnormal anatomy, and the separation of two distinct root canal spaces, complicates conventional treatment, making the apical portion inaccessible to instrumentation and impeding disinfection of the canal space. The coexistence of dens invaginatus affecting a microdontic tooth is a rare anomaly found in the literature. This case report describes a young female patient with dens invaginatus affecting a microdontic maxillary lateral incisor, combined with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. The conventional treatment was completed first to disinfect the coronal portion of the accessible pulpal space. At a subsequent appointment, it was completed by a surgical approach to cleanse and seal the apical part of the root canal space. The tooth was then restored, and the orthodontic treatment was initiated. One-year follow-up demonstrated a complete healing of the apical lesion.

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Bodrumlu, Emre, and Umut Tunga. "Apical Leakage of Resilon™ Obturation Material." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 4 (2006): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-4-45.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess the apical sealing ability of Resilon™ obturation material. Methods and Materials Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups. They were obturated using lateral condensation with gutta-percha and AH 26/AH plus and Resilon™; also, 12 root canals were used as control groups. The apical leakage was measured using the dye penetration methodology. Results The teeth filled with gutta-percha and AH 26 displayed the most apical leakage. The least apical leakage was shown with Resilon™ Discussion The differences in leakage among the groups, gutta-percha with AH 26 (2.4 mm, SD:1.87), gutta-percha with AH plus (2.1 mm, SD: 1.69), and Resilon™ (1.7 mm, SD:1.32), were statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion Based on the data of this study, all groups produced a satisfactory seal. However, Resilon™ and Epiphany™ sealer showed the least apical leakage. Citation Bodrumlu E, Tunga U. Apical Leakage of Resilon™ Obturation Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:045-052.

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WU, M., B. FAN, and P. WESSELINK. "Leakage Along Apical Root Fillings in Curved Root Canals. Part I: Effects of Apical Transportation on Seal of Root Fillings." Journal of Endodontics 26, no. 4 (April 2000): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200004000-00003.

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