Relevant bibliographies by topics / Apical size

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Apical size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Apical size"

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Souza, Ronaldo Araújo, Yara T. Corrêa Silva Sousa, José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo, João da Costa Pinto Dantas, Suely Colombo, and Jesus Djalma Pécora. "Influence of apical foramen lateral opening and file size on cemental canal instrumentation." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 2 (2012): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000200006.

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Since instrumentation of the apical foramen has been suggested for cleaning and disinfection of the cemental canal, selection of the file size and position of the apical foramen have challenging steps. This study analyzed the influence of apical foramen lateral opening and file size can exert on cemental canal instrumentation. Thirty-four human maxillary central incisors were divided in two groups: Group 1 (n=17), without flaring, and Group 2 (n=17), with flaring with LA Axxess burs. K-files of increasing diameters were progressively inserted into the canal until binding at the apical foramen
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Kum, Kee-Yeon. "Apical prepration size in infected root canals." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 35, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2010.35.1.001.

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Silva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal, João M. Teixeira, Nancy Kudsi, Luciana M. Sassone, Renato L. Krebs, and Tauby S. Coutinho-Filho. "Influence of Apical Preparation Size and Working Length on Debris Extrusion." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 1 (2016): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600337.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris by single-file reciprocating instruments with different working lengths and apical preparation sizes. Eighty human single-rooted mandibular incisors were used and conventional access cavities were prepared. Then, the specimens were divided into four groups (n=20), according to root canal instrumentation: Reciproc size 25, .08 taper and Reciproc size 40, .06 taper instruments were used at the foramen; Reciproc size 25, .08 taper and Reciproc size 40, .06 taper instruments were used 1 mm short of
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Crossley, Aaron M., Phillip M. Campbell, Larry P. Tadlock, Emet Schneiderman, and Peter H. Buschang. "Is there a relationship between dental crowding and the size of the maxillary or mandibular apical base?" Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 2 (2019): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051019-324.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether apical base size is related to dental crowding. Materials and Methods: Digital scans of dental casts were taken of 75 untreated Class I adults to measure maxillary and mandibular tooth size, dental arch perimeters, intermolar widths, and intercanine widths. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to measure the apical base of the maxilla and mandible, including the total cross-sectional area, five basal arch perimeters and five basal arch widths. Principal components factor analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between the
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Bruurs, Lucas J. M., Lisa Donker, Susan Zwakenberg, et al. "ATP8B1-mediated spatial organization of Cdc42 signaling maintains singularity during enterocyte polarization." Journal of Cell Biology 210, no. 7 (2015): 1055–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505118.

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During yeast cell polarization localization of the small GTPase, cell division control protein 42 homologue (Cdc42) is clustered to ensure the formation of a single bud. Here we show that the disease-associated flippase ATPase class I type 8b member 1 (ATP8B1) enables Cdc42 clustering during enterocyte polarization. Loss of this regulation results in increased apical membrane size with scattered apical recycling endosomes and permits the formation of more than one apical domain, resembling the singularity defect observed in yeast. Mechanistically, we show that to become apically clustered, Cdc
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Laslami, Kaoutar, Sara Dhoum, Amine El Harchi, and Iman Benkiran. "Relationship between the Apical Preparation Diameter and the Apical Seal: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2327854.

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Objectives. The aim of the study is to define the relationship between the apical preparation diameter and the apical sealing ability to highlight the importance of the preservation of the diameter and the original position of the apical foramen. Materials and Methods. 50 extracted maxillary incisors were randomly allocated into three groups of 15 teeth each (n = 15) according to the apical preparation size: Group 1: finishing file F1 corresponding to size 20 reached the working length (ProTaper Universal system Dentsply®); Group 2: prepared up to size 30 corresponding to finishing file F30; G
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Wakia, Tasnim, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Mohammad Naser, Md Shamsul Alam, and Md Ismail Hossain. "Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate for Root end Closure of Nonvital Permanent Teeth with Open Apices." Update Dental College Journal 3, no. 2 (2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i2.17994.

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of MTA in nonvital teeth with open apices. Methods: Twenty-five non-vital teeth with open apices were treated with MTA apexification procedure. Standard endodontic procedures were followed and an apical plug of at least 5 mm was created by using MTA after a calcium hydroxide intra-canal dressing for at least 1 week. Final obturation was done after 24 hours by vertical compaction technique using gutta percha. Patients were recalled at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months interval. Clinical outcome was evaluated by assessing pain, tenderness, mobilit
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Teixeira, J. M. S., F. M. Cunha, R. O. Jesus, E. J. N. L. Silva, S. R. Fidel, and L. M. Sassone. "Influence of working length and apical preparation size on apical bacterial extrusion during reciprocating instrumentation." International Endodontic Journal 48, no. 7 (2014): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.12357.

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Hecker, Hanjo, Tibor Bartha, Claus Löst, and Roland Weiger. "Determining the apical preparation size in premolars: part III." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 110, no. 1 (2010): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.03.001.

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Pecora, J. D., A. Capelli, D. M. Z. Guerisoli, J. C. E. Spanó, and C. Estrela. "Influence of cervical preflaring on apical file size determination." International Endodontic Journal 38, no. 7 (2005): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00946.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Apical size"

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Cunha, Fernando Marques da. "Determinação do diâmetro anatômico apical de pré-molares superiores ex vivo através das limas tipo K, Flexofile, Nitiflex e LightSpeedLSX." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1970.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>A proposta deste estudo ex vivo foi avaliar a influência da utilização de diferentes instrumentos endodônticos na determinação do diâmetro anatômico apical de pré-molares superiores com dois canais (n=30). Os espécimes foram submetidos a um mesmo protocolo desde a remoção da coroa até o alargamento dos terços cervical e médio com brocas Gattes-Glidden #1 a #4. Os instrumentos foram divididos em quatro grupos distintos, de acordo com o tipo de instrumento utilizado: Grupo 1 Flexofile; Grupo 2 - LightSpeedLSX; Grupo 3 - Nitiflex;
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Fike, Jeremy W. DDS. "Assessment of changes in the size of periapical radiolucencies 3-12 months post non-surgical root canal treatment using CBCT imaging: A pilot study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4139.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in size of periapical lesions 3-12 months following root canal treatment using CBCT. Patients who had non-surgical root canal therapy (NSRCT) or non-surgical retreatment (ReTx) from July 30,2014 to August 19, 2015 with a periapical lesion of endodontic origin and received NSRCT or ReTx and had a pre-treatment or intra-treatment CBCT were invited to participate. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and post- treatment CBCT images were performed. A total of 20 patients with 23 treated teeth with 30 separate periap
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Meads, Michael Vearl. "Effects of Short Shoot Number and Presence of an Apical Meristem on Rhizome Elongation, New Short Shoot Production, and New Rhizome Meristem Production of Thalassia Testudinum Banks and Solander Ex König Planting Units in Tampa Bay." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4157.

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Thalassia testudinum Banks and Solander ex König is the dominant seagrass in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and the West Coast of Florida, yet little rhizome elongation, new short shoot production, or new rhizome meristem production data has been collected via direct measurement. A study of the rhizome growth of T. testudinum was completed in December 2004 in southern Tampa Bay that determined growth after 26.5 months. Two PVC planting frames each containing four rhizomes with 2 short shoots, two rhizomes with 4 short shoots, and two rhizomes with 8 short shoots were planted next to existing T.
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SOUSA, José Aldenor de. "Divergências morfométricas entre populações isoladas de Melipona subnitida Ducke (hymenoptera: Apidae) no semiárido." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/843.

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Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-29T18:46:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ALDENOR DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1307578 bytes, checksum: c7064a40d0c4cd6a65251e2fac21f6e0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-29T18:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ALDENOR DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1307578 bytes, checksum: c7064a40d0c4cd6a65251e2fac21f6e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um estudo morfométrico desta espécie de abelha criada em condições artificiais no semiár
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Da, Silva Sophie. "Identification des gènes CiSTM et CiCLV1p chez Cichorium intybus : implicatio potentielle dans les modifications d'identité cellulaire au cours des phases précoces de l'embryogenèse somatique et du développement des embryons zygotiques et de la graine." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb7d2815-c338-4560-bd04-b5e881028bde.

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L'embryogenèse somatique est un processus au cours duquel des cellules différenciées se dédifférencient pour ensuite réorienter leur programme génétique vers une voie embryogène. Dans le cadre de l'étude du déterminisme de la réactivation cellulaire à l'origine de la fonnation des embryons somatiques, notre objectif était d'identifier chez la chicorée des gènes impliqués dans l'identité des cellules méristématiques, tels que les gènes AtSTM et AtCLV1 d'Arabidopsis, et de détenniner leur profil d'expression au cours des stades précoces de l'embryogenèse zygotique et de l'embryogenèse somatique.
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Halfman, Cynthia Mary. "An examination of the correlation between shoot apical meristem size and leaf heterophylly in Pisum sativum /." 2009. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/37/.

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Lin, Kuo-Feng, and 林國豐. "Root Canal Cleanliness Comparison after Different Sizes of Apical Enlargement Following Preparation with Ni-Ti Rotary Instrument." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03870781333353069324.

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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>牙醫學研究所碩士班<br>95<br>The most important objective of root canal therapy is to minimize the number of microorganisms and pathologic debris in root canal system to prevent or treat periradicular periodontitis. It depends on how to clean and shape the root canal system to achieve the objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the cleanliness of the root canal wall in different levels after preparation with the same tapering Ni-Ti rotary instruments and apical preparation with different hand file. A total of 40 roots with 80 canals were divided into four groups. ProTaperTM R
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Sedghi, Mohammad Bagher. "Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Reinigungswirkung von Handspülung, Ultraschallspülung und RinsEndo bei Wurzelkanälen mit unterschiedlicher apikaler Präparationsgröße." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B1C5-4.

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Books on the topic "Apical size"

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Tourneau, Thierry Le, Luis Caballero, and Tsai Wei-Chuan. Right atrium. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0024.

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The right atrium (RA) is located on the upper right-hand side of the heart and has relatively thin walls. From an anatomical point of view, the RA comprises three basic parts, the appendage, the vestibule of the tricuspid valve, and the venous component (superior and inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus) receiving the deoxygenated blood. The RA is a dynamic structure dedicated to receive blood and to assist right ventricular (RV) filling. The three components of atrial function are the reservoir function during ventricular systole, the conduit function which consists in passive blood tra
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Book chapters on the topic "Apical size"

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Henein, Michael. "Valvular heart disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jeremy Dwight. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0352.

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Rheumatic valve disease remains prevalent in developing countries, but over the last 50 years there has been a decline in the incidence of rheumatic valve disease and an increase in the prevalence of degenerative valve pathology in northern Europe and North America. In all forms of valve disease, the most appropriate initial diagnostic investigation is almost always the echocardiogram. The most common cause is rheumatic valve disease. Other causes include mitral annular calcification, congenital mitral stenosis, infective endocarditis (very rarely), and systemic lupus erythematosus (Liebman–Sachs endocarditis). The important consequences of mitral stenosis are its effect on left atrial pressure, size, and the pulmonary vasculature; it commonly causes atrial fibrillation. Presenting symptoms are typically exertional fatigue and breathlessness; systemic embolism can occur. Characteristic physical signs are irregular pulse, tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound, opening snap, and an apical low-pitched rumbling mid-diastolic murmur.
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Dalton, David R. "Roots, Shoots, Leaves, and Grapes." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0015.

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As noted earlier and as anticipated by Charles and Francis Darwin it has been argued that plants sense the direction of gravity (gravitropism) by movement of starch granules found in cells called statocytes that contain compartments (organelles) called statoliths. The synthesis of statoliths appears to occur in the plastid (plant organelle) compartments called amyloplasts (Figure 7.1, 1). It has been suggested that this gravitropic signal then leads to movement of plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) (Figure 7.2), through the phloem opposite to the pull of gravity to promote stem growth. Chloroplasts (Figure 7.1, 2) are cell compartments (plastids or organelles) in which photosynthesis is carried out. The process of photosynthesis, discussed more fully later, is accompanied by the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (Figure 7.3). ATP is consumed and converted to ADP and Pi in living systems. The cycle of production and consumption allows ATP to serve as an “energy currency” to pay for the reactions in living systems. Beyond this generally recognized critical function of chloroplasts, it has recently been pointed out that light/ dark conditions affect alternative splicing of genes which may be necessary for proper plant responses to varying light conditions. The organelles or plastids which contain the pigments for photosynthesis and the amyloplasts that store starch are only two of many kinds of plastids. Other plastids, leucoplasts for example, hold the enzymes for the synthesis of terpenes, and elaioplasts store fatty acids. Apparently, all plastids are derived from proplastids which are present in the pluripotent apical and root meristem cells. The cell wall (Figure 7.1, 3) is the tough, rigid layer that surrounds cells. It is located on the outside of the flexible cell membrane, thus adding fixed structure. A representation of a portion of the cell wall (as made up of cellulose and peptide cross-linking) is shown below in Figure 7.7. The cells will have different sizes as a function of where they are found (e.g., leaf, stalk, root), but in every case, the cell wall limits the size of the membrane that lies within.
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Wang, X., CE Aubin, and RM Schwend. "Concave or convex rod translation first in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation with differential rod contouring?" In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210455.

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The objective was to assess deformity correction and bone-screw force associated respectively with concave manipulation first, convex manipulation first, and different differential rod contouring configurations. Instrumentation scenarios were computationally simulated for 10 AIS cases with mean thoracic Cobb angle (MT) of 54±8°, apical vertebral rotation (AVR) of 19±2° and thoracic kyphosis of 21±9°. Instrumentations with major correction maneuvers using the concave side rod were first simulated; instrumentations with major correction maneuvers using the convex side rod were then simulated. Simulated correction maneuvers were concave/convex rod translation followed by apical vertebral derotation and then convex/concave rod translation. There were no significant differences in deformity corrections and bone-screw forces between concave rod translation first and convex rod translation first with differential rod contouring. Increasing differential rod contouring angle and concave rod diameter improved AVR correction and increased the TK and bone-screw forces; the effect on the MT Cobb angle was not clinically significant.
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McKinney, Tomothy. "Pelvic Reconstruction of Vaginal Apical Vault Defects Using Site-specific Repair." In State of the Art Atlas of Endoscopic Surgery in Infertility and Gynecology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10781_30.

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Knoers, Nine V. A. M., and Elena N. Levtchenko. "Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0506.

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Glycosuria—glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule is carried out by two different pairs of apical Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent (SGLT1 and -2) and basolateral Na<sup>+</sup>-independent (GLUT1 and -2) glucose transporters. Abnormalities in renal glucose transport can be seen in association with other defects of proximal tubular transport. Familial renal glycosuria is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the SGLT2-encoding gene, SLC5A2. Phosphate-handling disorders—the plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate depends on the balance between intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and the internal contribution from bone. Changes of serum phosphate levels can be caused by numerous inherited and acquired conditions. Disorders associated with increased urinary phosphate excretion and low serum phosphate levels produce symptoms that mainly affect the bones: rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Magnesium-handling disorders—normal plasma magnesium concentration is achieved by variation of urinary magnesium excretion in response to altered uptake by the intestine. The main site of magnesium absorption is the small bowel, via paracellular simple diffusion at high intraluminal concentrations, and via active transcellular uptake through the magnesium channel TRPM6 at low concentrations. Regulation and fine-tuning of serum magnesium concentration occurs primarily in the kidney. Genetic disorders of magnesium handling include Gitelman’s syndrome. Aminoaciduria and renal Fanconi’s syndrome—most amino acids (except for tryptophan, which is protein bound) are freely filtered by the glomerulus, after which 95 to 99.9% are reabsorbed in the proximal tubules by apical Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent cotransporters and Na<sup>+</sup>-independent cotransporters. Aminoaciduria is defined as urinary excretion of more than 5% of the filtered load of an amino acid. Renal Fanconi’s syndrome is characterized by a generalized defect of both Na<sup>+</sup>-coupled and receptor-mediated proximal tubular transport.
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Kundaliya, Brijesh. "Challenges of WSNs in IoT." In Wireless Sensor Networks - Design, Deployment and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95352.

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IoT and WSNs are the prime moving force for technology in the current world. WSNs unfold their capacity day by day in almost every aspect of life. IoT enables to integrate the different devices and makes it possible to communicate with each other. It makes life easier and upgrades the application’s usage to the next level. The integration of WSNs with IoT will help to reach apical of the usage of applications. The combination of WSNs and IoT will open up new doors in almost all the possible fields however the amalgamation of both the technology needs careful consideration about bringing the both on same level. The IoT is considered a mighty giant with enormous power and capability. On the other side, WSNs are miniature having limited resources but the tremendous capability to penetrate in almost every aspect of life. WSN’s limited resources are the main concern while integrating it with the IoT. The integration will make it possible to access the sensor node from any part of the world. It implies that now the sensor node is open for any heterogeneous internet user in the world. It will cause a security issue. Moreover, the topology and addressing of WSNs are different from the normal internet which needs to be addressed during the integrations. And there are other challenges too which we discussed in depth in this chapter.
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Regueira Fernández, Xosé Luís, and María José Ginzo. "A crosslinguistic study of voiceless fricative sibilants in Galician and European Portuguese." In Romance Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739401.003.0004.

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This study examines the sibilant fricatives produced by seventeen Galician and twenty-two Portuguese speakers. Galician and Portuguese are closely related languages that present important continuities, although it is in their phonological and phonetic systems that they diverge most obviously. By means of the analysis of spectra and spectral moments, chiefly the spectral mean, postalveolar sibilants and front (alveolar or alveolo-dental) sibilants are differentiated in both Galician and Portuguese. Much variation has been found in front sibilant realizations among speakers and even between different realizations by the same speaker. This variation is especially striking among male Galician speakers, where it was possible to distinguish three different articulations, identified here as an apico-aveolar [s̺], a lamino-alveolar [s], and a lamino-dental [s̪] sibilant. The research results point to a loss of phonetic diversity on the Portuguese side of the political border, while in Galicia it is better preserved, although it is losing ground.
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Dalton, David R. "The Roots of the Grape Vine." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0013.

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Aside from grafting onto already established rootstock or the development of roots from a planted cane (vide supra), root systems develop from the radicle in the plant’s seed. Both as roots begin to form from the cane, and as the sprouting seed coat opens in response to soil temperature, moisture, and genetic programming left in place when the seed formed, the roots begin to grow and interact with the rhizosphere. Similarly, signals received by rootstock where grafting has been effected also occur. The roots begin to bring moisture and food to produce and support the stem and, eventually, the leaves, flowers, and fruit. Heavily fruited plants such as grapes require additional support for the stems. In the roots, epidermal (surface) cells elongate and develop into root hairs. Beneath the epidermal cells it appears that the phloem cells which bring the starch bodies (amyloplasts) to the root tips and help direct which way “down” is, develop first. Then xylem elements develop in order to move the minerals into the system. Most of the minerals are absorbed through channels developing in the walls of the growing undifferentiated cells (the meristems). Because of concentration gradients (i.e., there is less on one side of a cell membrane than on the other), some minerals appear to be actively transported into the cells of the xylem (presumably through similar channels) in response to signals emanating from the plant. From the xylem cells, the minerals and water move upward into the apical meristem and get distributed to other regions. Interestingly, although most of the cells are derived from the same group of meristems which thus might be considered true stem cells, it is genetic programming which permits that differentiation. Thus, the derivatives of the meristems undergo transformation and develop into various cell types that perform the different functions (Figure 6.1). Relatively recently there has been an increased interest in what has been the largely unexplored biology of roots.
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Dalton, David R. "The Light on the Leaves." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0017.

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As noted earlier in the general description of the plant cell, there is a site at which photosynthesis, the process which allows plants to capture sunlight and convert it into energy, occurs. It is this process which has produced oxygen on the planet, food for herbivores, and the cool green hills of Earth we enjoy today. The capture of sunlight allows the grape vine to grow and produce fruit. Of course, while the discussion of the “light reactions” (capture of sunlight) and the subsequent so-called “dark reactions” (producing carbohydrates) is necessarily brief here, it is, nonetheless, an exciting story. We are only now beginning to understand a little of it. The earlier picture (Figure 7.1) of the plant cell is repeated here (Figure 9.1) so that the position of the chloroplast is seen. Refer to page 24 for a discussion of the numbered items. As the leaves begin to develop alongside the apical meristem, proplastids, which are present in the meristematic regions of the plant, are formed. Proplastids grow into plas¬tids (such as amyloplasts and chloroplasts) as they mature in different ways dictated by the plant’s DNA. Some plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) carry pigments, discussed more fully below, that allow them to carry out photosynthesis. Others are used for storage of fat, starch (amyloplasts) or specialized proteins. Still other plastids are used to synthesize specialized compounds needed to form different tissues or to produce compounds for protection (e.g., tannins). Each plastid builds multiple copies of its DNA as it grows. If it is growing rapidly, it makes more genome copies than if it is growing slowly. The genes, ignoring epigenetic (literally “above the gene”) and postgenetic (literally “after the gene”) modifications, about which we still have much to learn, encode plastid proteins, the regulation of whose expression controls differentiation and thus which plastid is eventually formed. However, despite the differentiation of plastids, it appears that many plastids remain connected to each other by tubes called stromules through which proteins can be exchanged.
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Conference papers on the topic "Apical size"

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Yang, Jui-Ming, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Three-Dimensional Laminar Flow for Localized Cellular Stimulation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61643.

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Stimulation of living mammalian cells is primarily accomplished by the delivery of chemical agents to single cells or cell populations. Due to the fast response time of diffusion for these agents over the small size scale of individual cells, localized stimulation is limited. Currently, there are alternate techniques that can produce localized gradients of chemical stimulants over single cells, but they lack the ability for long time scale events that are requisite for many cellular processes because of this diffusion limitation. We have developed a device that is able to create chemical agent
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Gao, Ling, Max Mandelbaum, Nicholas Liaw, et al. "Early Cellular and Molecular Changes During Hemodynamic Initiation of Intracranial Aneurysms in a Rabbit Model." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19598.

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Hemodynamics constitutes a critical factor in the formation of intracranial aneurysms. However, little is known about how an intracranial arterial wall responds to a hemodynamic insult, and how that response contributes to aneurysm formation. Unlike straight arterial segments (which respond to increased flow by expansive remodeling) and sinuses opposing bifurcation apices (which harbor recirculation flows and are prone to atherosclerotic development), aneurysmal degeneration occurs on the apical side of the bifurcation in the immediate peri-apical region, where flow creates very high wall shea
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Rentzsch, Ines, Martin Deile, Sven Meissner, et al. "Airflow-Induced Shear-Stress Of The Apical Side Of Lung Epithelial Cells Induces Cytokine Release In Vitro." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2090.

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Chang, Shyy Woei, Tong-Minn Liou, Shyr Fuu Chiou, and Shuen Fei Chang. "High Rotation Number Heat Transfer of Rotating Trapezoidal Duct With 45-deg Staggered Ribs and Bleeds From Apical Side Wall." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28174.

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An experimental study of heat transfer in a radially rotating trapezoidal duct with two opposite walls roughened by 45° staggered ribs and mid-rib bleeds from the apical side wall is performed. Centerline heat transfer variations on two rib-roughened surfaces are measured for radially outward flows with and without bleeds at test conditions of Reynolds number (Re), rotation number (Ro) and density ratio (Δρ/ρ) in the ranges of 15000–30000, 0–0.8 and 0.04–0.31, respectively. Geometrical configurations and rotation numbers tested have considerably extended the previous experiences that offer pra
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Fuentes, Daniela E., and Peter J. Butler. "Dynamics of Membrane Rafts, Talin, and Actin at Nascent and Mechanically Perturbed Focal Adhesions." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54027.

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A single endothelial cell was deformed at the apical surface by binding a functionalized nanoelectrode probe to a predetermined location on the surface of the cell. After identifying the point of contact, as recognized by the electronic signature of the nanoelectrode, and allowing binding to the cell of the fibronectin-functionalized tip, a focal adhesion site was induced at the probe site. The probe was displaced thereby applying a prescribed shear deformation to the surface of the cell. Locations of membrane rafts were identified by cholera toxin, and focal adhesion proteins were assessed us
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Magomadova, Alisa. "СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ГНЕЗДА, МАРКИРУЮЩИЕ СОМАТИЗМЫ В РАЗНОСТРУКТУРНЫХ ЯЗЫКАХ". У Social`no-ekonomicheskie i gumanitarnye nauki: sbornik izbrannyh statei po materialam Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferencii (Sankt-Peterburg, Fevral` 2020). ГНИИ "Нацразвитие", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/seh289.2020.36.81.002.

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В статье рассматриваются в сравнительном аспекте номинативные единицы русского и чеченского языков, входящие, в корреляционные словообразовательные гнезда с вершинными словами глаз, ухо. Данные соматизмы мало изучены не только со стороны словообразовательных свойств, но и их функциональных значений.The article examines in comparative aspect the nominative units of the Russian and Chechen languages that are included in the correlation word-formation nests with the apices of the eyes, ear. These somatisms are poorly studied not only from the side of derivational properties, but also from their f
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He, Zhaoming, and Shamik Bhattacharya. "Mitral Valve Annulus Tension." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192247.

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The mitral valve annulus is an anatomical structure joining the leaflets and left ventricle wall. It is divided into the fibrous annulus in the anteromedial section and the myocardium annulus in the posterolateral section, according to annulus histology. Two trigones are in the fibrous annulus. Mitral annulus supports leaflets in the valve coaptation and controls inflow hemodynamics during a cardiac cycle. When the mitral valve is fully open during diastole, inflow drag force on the leaflets and chordae pulls the leaflets approximately apically. As mitral valve leaflets coaptate during systole
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Dolan, Jennifer, Sukhjinder Singh, Hui Meng, and John Kolega. "Differential Responses of Endothelial Cells to Positive and Negative Wall Shear Stress Gradients." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19535.

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Cerebral aneurysms tend to develop at bifurcation apices or the outer side of curved vessels where the blood vessel wall experiences complex hemodynamics. In vivo studies have recently revealed that the initiation of cerebral aneurysms is confined to a well-defined hemodynamic microenvironment. Specifically aneurysms form where the vessel wall experiences high fluid shear stress (wall shear stress, WSS) and flow is accelerating, so that the wall is exposed to a positive spatial gradient in the fluid shear stress (wall shear stress gradient, WSSG)[1,2]. Closer examination of such in vivo studie
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Itoh, Akitoshi, Masahiro Kawamata, and Tomohiro Hirai. "An Object Transportation System Using Controlled Daphnia Magna." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87338.

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In this study, we tried to create an object transportation system using Daphnia magna. We developed a target object for the transportation experiment using a 5-mm-diameter transparent acrylic rod with a hole in the lower part. Black film and a small white ball were attached to the top surface of the object in order to improve contrast and allow easier position detection during image processing. The daphnia were first directed to the guide point, about 10 mm opposite the desired transportation direction. They were then guided to collide with the object. If a collision did not occur, they were g
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Furno, Antonella. "Ricerca storica e cartografica delle domus federiciane “fantasma” della regione del Principatus et Terra Beneventana." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11535.

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Historical and cartographic research about the ghost domus built by Frederick II in Principatus et Terra Beneventana regionDuring his reign Frederick II built a series of representative fortified constructions in southern Italy, and after reinforcing the defence line of the border with the State of the Church, he decided to build many residential estates called domus or palacium in the fundamental medieval textual source of Statutum de reparatione castrorum. This research is focused on the study of the landscape in the ancient region of Principatus et Terra Beneventana during the thirteenth ce
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