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Baniaș, Ovidiu, Diana Florea, Robert Gyalai, and Daniel-Ioan Curiac. "Automated Specification-Based Testing of REST APIs." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 5375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165375.
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Nowadays, REpresentational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces (REST APIs) are widely used in web applications, hence a plethora of test cases are developed to validate the APIs calls. We propose a solution that automates the generation of test cases for REST APIs based on their specifications. In our approach, apart from the automatic generation of test cases, we provide an option for the user to influence the test case generation process. By adding user interaction, we aim to augment the automatic generation of APIs test cases with human testing expertise and specific context. We use the latest version of OpenAPI 3.x and a wide range of coverage metrics to analyze the functionality and performance of the generated test cases, and non-functional metrics to analyze the performance of the APIs. The experiments proved the effectiveness and practicability of our method.
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Jiang, Nan, and Yan Zhong Hu. "Cloud Computing Model and REST APIs Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.416.
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Cloud computing exposes software as a service, platform as a resource, and infrastructure as a service. The way of Web services work naturally makes it the system interface for software communication of a cloud computing architecture. And REST(REpresentational Status Transfer) philosophy is a better way to construct Web services since it is fundamental to the Web and can make full use of the features of the Web. We implement RESTful APIs for learning resource cloud, and the benefits of an Ajax(Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) Web service client to the REST APIs are discussed.
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Paredes-Valverde, Mario Andrés, Giner Alor-Hernández, Alejandro Rodr’guez-González, and Gandhi Hernández-Chan. "Developing Social Networks Mashups: An Overview of REST-Based APIs." Procedia Technology 3 (2012): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.03.022.
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Ferreira, Hiro Gabriel Cerqueira, Edna Dias Canedo, and Rafael Timóteo De Sousa Junior. "A ubiquitous communication architecture integrating transparent UPnP and REST APIs." International Journal of Embedded Systems 6, no. 2/3 (2014): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2014.063816.
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Mowla, Saleh, and Sucheta V. Kolekar. "Development and Integration of E-learning Services Using REST APIs." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 04 (February 26, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i04.11687.
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E-Learning systems have gained a lot of traction amongst students and academicians due to their flexible nature in terms of location independence, time, effort, cost and other resources. The rapidly changing nature of the education domain makes the design, development, testing, and maintenance of E-Learning systems complex and expensive. In order to adapt to the changing policies of educational institutes as well as improve the performance of students, the paper presents a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach to minimize the cost and time associated with the development of E-Learning systems. The paper illustrates the development of independent E-Learning web services and how they can be combined to implement the required policies of respective education institutes. The paper also presents a sample policy implemented using developed web services to achieve the required objectives.
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Paganelli, Federica, Terence Ambra, Alessandro Fantechi, and Dino Giuli. "Formalizing REST APIs for web-based communication and SIP interworking." Telecommunication Systems 66, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-016-0271-2.
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Haupt, Florian, Frank Leymann, and Karolina Vukojevic-Haupt. "API governance support through the structural analysis of REST APIs." Computer Science - Research and Development 33, no. 3-4 (September 22, 2017): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00450-017-0384-1.
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Katayama, T., M. Nakao, and T. Takagi. "TogoWS: integrated SOAP and REST APIs for interoperable bioinformatics Web services." Nucleic Acids Research 38, Web Server (May 14, 2010): W706—W711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq386.
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Wang, Dong Jin, Mei Na Song, and Yan Li. "OneAPI Restful Services and Java Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1159.
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In the past several years, there have been dramatic changes on the Web services landscape．After the traditional XML-PC web service, a new style-Representati0nal State Transfer (REST) is applied to Web services. In addition, the telecom operators have provided different APIs. OneAPI standards have been proposed. This article mainly introduces OneAPI standards and REST architecture. Some OneAPI supplied by GSMA website to provide REST service. Sample program implements can get the user address though the OneAPI.
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Rantanen, Petri. "REST API example generation using Javadoc." Computer Science and Information Systems 14, no. 2 (2017): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis161022009r.
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Formatting and editing documentation can be a tedious process regardless of how well your documentation templates are made. Especially, keeping the code examples up-to-date can be time-consuming and error-prone. The research presented in this article describes a Javadoc extension that can be used to produce example data in combination with automatically generated API method call examples, and explains how the APIs in our implementation are organized to further ease the automatic documentation process. The primary goal is to make generating method call examples for (RESTful) web services easier. The method has been used in the implementation of a media content analysis service, and the experiences, advantages of using the described approach are discussed in this article. The method allows easier validation and maintenance for the documentation of method usage examples with a downside of an increased workload in the implementation of software components required for the automatic documentation process.
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Palma, Francis, Javier Gonzalez-Huerta, Mohamed Founi, Naouel Moha, Guy Tremblay, and Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc. "Semantic Analysis of RESTful APIs for the Detection of Linguistic Patterns and Antipatterns." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 26, no. 02 (May 16, 2017): 1742001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017420011.
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Identifier lexicon may have a direct impact on software understandability and reusability and, thus, on the quality of the final software product. Understandability and reusability are two important characteristics of software quality. REpresentational State Transfer (REST) style is becoming a de facto standard adopted by software organizations to build their Web applications. Understandable and reusable Uniform Resource Identifers (URIs) are important to attract client developers of RESTful APIs because good URIs support the client developers to understand and reuse the APIs. Consequently, the use of proper lexicon in RESTful APIs has also a direct impact on the quality of Web applications that integrate these APIs. Linguistic antipatterns represent poor practices in the naming, documentation, and choice of identifiers in the APIs as opposed to linguistic patterns that represent the corresponding best practices. In this paper, we present the Semantic Analysis of RESTful APIs (SARA) approach that employs both syntactic and semantic analyses for the detection of linguistic patterns and antipatterns in RESTful APIs. We provide detailed definitions of 12 linguistic patterns and antipatterns and define and apply their detection algorithms on 18 widely-used RESTful APIs, including Facebook, Twitter, and Dropbox. Our detection results show that linguistic patterns and antipatterns do occur in major RESTful APIs in particular in the form of poor documentation practices. Those results also show that SARA can detect linguistic patterns and antipatterns with higher accuracy compared to its state-of-the-art approach — DOLAR.
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Shumkova, Rositsa, Ani Georgieva, Georgi Radoslavov, Daniela Sirakova, Gyulnas Dzhebir, Boyko Neov, Maria Bouga, and Peter Hristov. "The first report of the prevalence of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria." PeerJ 6 (January 31, 2018): e4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4252.
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Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the two main microsporidian parasites causing nosematosis in the honey bee Apis mellifera. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the area of Bulgaria. The 16S (SSU) rDNA gene region was chosen for analysis. A duplex PCR assay was performed on 108 honey bee samples from three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed that the samples from the northern part of the country were with the highest prevalence (77.2%) for Nosema ceranae while those from the mountainous parts (the Rodopa Mountains, South Bulgaria) were with the lowest rate (13.9%). Infection with Nosema apis alone and co-infection N. apis/N. ceranae were not detected in any samples. These findings suggest that Nosema ceranae is the dominant species in the Bulgarian honey bee. It is not known when the introduction of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria has occurred, but as in the rest of the world, this species has become the dominant one in Bulgarian Apis mellifera. In conclusion, this is the first report for molecular detection of Nosema infection of honey bee in Bulgaria. The results showed that N. ceranae is the main Nosema species in Bulgaria.
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McGrath, H., E. Stefanakis, and M. Nastev. "DEM Fusion of Elevation REST API Data in Support of Rapid Flood Modelling." GEOMATICA 70, no. 4 (December 2016): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2016-402.
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Digital elevation models (DEM) are an integral part of flood modelling. High resolution DEM data are not always available or affordable for communities, thus other elevation data sources are explored. While the accuracy of some of these sources has been rigorously tested (e.g., SRTM, ASTER), others, such as Natural Resources Canada’s Canadian Digital Elevation Model (CDEM) and Google and Bings’ Elevation REST APIs, have not yet been properly evaluated. Details pertaining to acquisition source and accuracy are often unreported for APIs. To include these data in geospatial applications and test and reduce uncertainty, data fusion is explored. Thus, this paper introduces a new method of elevation data fusion. The novel method incorporates clustering and inverse distance weighting (IDW) concepts in the computation of a new fusion elevation surface. The results of the individual DEMs and fusion DEMs are compared to high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) surface and flood inundation maps for two study areas in New Brunswick. Comparison of individual surfaces to LiDAR find that the results meet their posted accuracy specifications, with the Bing data computing the smallest mean bias and the CDEM the smallest RMSE. Fusion of all three surfaces via the proposed method increases the correlation and minimizes both RMSE and mean bias when compared to LiDAR, independent of the terrain, thus producing a more accurate DEM.
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Gómez, Omar S., Raúl H. Rosero, and Karen Cortés-Verdín. "CRUDyLeaf: A DSL for Generating Spring Boot REST APIs from Entity CRUD Operations." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2020-0024.
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AbstractDomain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are programming languages designed specifically to express solutions to problems in a particular domain. It is said they foster productivity and quality. In this work we describe CRUDyLeaf, a DSL focused on the generation of Spring Boot REST APIs from entity CRUD operations. Spring Boot is an open source Java-based framework used to implement the REST architecture style. It has gained popularity among developers mainly because it allows to build stand-alone and production ready software applications (avoiding the use of an application server). Through seven proposed stages (domain immersion, golden application implementation, syntax definition, meta model generation, code generator implementation, deployment, and refinement) we describe the development of this DSL. We also exemplify and evaluate the proposed DSL. Our findings suggest a yield automation rate of 32.1 LOC (Lines Of Code) for each LOC written in this DSL, among other observed benefits.
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Malki, Abdelhamid, and Sidi Mohammed Benslimane. "Semantic Cloud." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 8, no. 4 (October 2013): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2013100102.
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Mashups allowed a significant advance in the automation of interactions between applications and Web resources. In particular, the combination of web Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) is seen as a strength, which can meet the complex needs by combining the functionality and data from multiple services within a single Mashup application. Automating the process of building Mashup based mainly on the Semantics Web APIs which facilitate to the developer their selection and matching. In this paper, we introduce reference architecture with six layers representing the main functional blocks for annotating, combining and deploying Web APIs in Cloud environment. We introduce Semantic Annotation for Web Application Description Language (SAWADL), an extension of the Web Application Description Language (WADL) that allows the semantization of the REST Web Service. The proposed architecture uses the Cloud Computing technology as a promising solution to increase the number of public API and therefore making the engineering process of Mashup applications more agile and more flexible.
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Woyke, Jerzy, Jerzy Wilde, and Maria Wilde. "Swarming and Migration of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa Honey Bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan." Journal of Apicultural Science 56, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10289-012-0009-7.
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Swarming and Migration ofApis dorsataandApis laboriosaHoney Bees in India, Nepal and BhutanThe migratory open air nestingApis dorsataandApis laboriosahoneybees migrate at least twice a year. DNA genotyping showed that the same swarms return to their natal nesting sites. We examined 23 nesting sites in Nepal, India and Bhutan, on which 587 colonies ofA. dorsataandA. laboriosanested. The results showed that the frequency of the periodic mass flights (PMF) performed by the colonies is a good indicator of the status of current colony performance. During the swarming period, both,A. dorsataandA. laboriosaissue several swarms. In some colonies, so many bees swarmed out, that those remaining in the maternal colonies did not cover the combs. After the rest of the brood emerged, all the bees of such colonies abscond during the swarming period. Thus, absconding appeared in results of total out swarming. The swarms do not migrate directly to the seasonal alternative nesting sites, but establish new colonies in the areas around. After environmental conditions deteriorate, all the bees with their queens abscond and migrate to alternate seasonal nesting sites. The next season, the swarms do not return to their original reproductive natal sites, but to those sites they occupied the previous season lately, where from they absconded.
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Febriyanti, Devy, EMANTIS ROSA, and Rochmah Agustrina. "TYPES AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY INSECT POLINATORS IN ORDER GARDEN AND GARDEN FRUIT LIWA." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i2.148.
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Pollinator insects are insects that play a role in pollinating plants. This research was conducted in December-January 2020 at the Liwa Botanical Garden which aims to determine the types and daily activities of pollinator insects in the Liwa Botanical Garden Ornamental and Fruit Parks. The research used observation methods in 2 locations, namely Ornamental Gardens and Fruit Gardens. Pollinator insect sampling using a sweap net. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results found that including pollinator insects in the Ornamental Park were 11 species and 165 individuals, namely (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina bolina, Neptis clinioides gunongensis, Oriens gola, Euploea mulciber, Elymnias panthera, Apis cerana, Apis florea, Xilocopa confuse, Lucilia sericerata, Coccinella septempuncata), in the Fruit Garden there were 6 species and 276 individuals, namely (Bactrocera dorsalis, Eurema blanda, Zizina otis, Ypthima baldus newboldi, Apis cerana, and Apis florea). Observation of Junonia orithya's daily activities starts in the morning at 08: 00-11: 00 WIB. Flying activities are initiated by the butterfly around the flower plant then perching on the leaves to sunbathe, suck nectar, suck minerals, suck nectar repeatedly, and look for a partner to carry out mating activities. Observation of daily afternoon activities was carried out at 14: 00-16: 00 WIB Junonia orithya was seen carrying out her activities such as in the morning. When the brightness starts to decrease for example due to rain, the butterflies will rest and take shelter under the leaves or bush environment.
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Muri, M. Fuadi Aziz, Hendrik Setyo Utomo, and Rabini Sayyidati. "Search Engine Get Application Programming Interface." Jurnal Sains dan Informatika 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jsi.v5i2.175.
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Application Programming Interface (API) is a function concept that can be called by other programs. The API works as a link that unites various applications of various types of platforms, commonly known as API public names. The public API has been widely spread, while its users, programmers who want to search for public APIs, must browse through various methods such as general search engines, repository documentation or directly in web articles. The user does not yet have a system specifically for collecting public-public APIs, so that users have difficulty in performing API public link searches. The solution to these problems can be solved by building a web framework with a search engine interface that provides specific public-public searches for the API, so that users can search the API public more easily. Web Service is an API that is made to support the interaction between two or more different applications through a network. Representational State Transfer (ReST) is one of the rules.
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Paganelli, Federica, Stefano Turchi, Lorenzo Bianchi, Lucia Ciofi, Maria Chiara Pettenati, Franco Pirri, and Dino Giuli. "An information-centric and REST-based approach for EPC Information Services." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 9, no. 1 (March 21, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v9i1.154.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) techniques are considered relevant building blocks for the Internet of Things. The interoperability across different RFID software and hardware infrastructures is a key requirement for achieving effective and wide-scale Internet of Thing deployments. In this context, the EPC Information Service (EPCIS) is a set of standard specifications for sharing RFID-related data (i.e., EPC events) both within and across enterprises. Although the EPCIS specifies a set of HTTP and Web Service interfaces for querying and adding EPC events, interoperability and easiness of use is hindered by the fact that client applications should be aware of the repositories that are authoritative for one or more given queries and links among related events are not explicitly represented in response messages. In this paper we argue that, by leveraging emerging REST and Linked Data paradigms, EPC events can be handled as a graph of globally-addressable information resources that can be navigated, queried, and aggregated through a uniform interface and seamlessly across organization domains. To validate this approach, we have developed a prototype that exposes the EPCIS interfaces as a set of REST APIs. The prototype implementation exploits the information modeling and management capabilities provided by a framework, called InterDataNet (IDN), that we conceived and developed to ease the realization of the Web of Data and Linked Data applications.
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Abdellatif, Manel, Rafik Tighilt, Abdelkarim Belkhir, Naouel Moha, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc, and Éric Beaudry. "A multi-dimensional study on the state of the practice of REST APIs usage in Android apps." Automated Software Engineering 27, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2020): 187–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10515-020-00272-9.
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Das, Dipta, Andrew Walker, Vincent Bushong, Jan Svacina, Tomas Cerny, and Vashek Matyas. "On automated RBAC assessment by constructing a centralized perspective for microservice mesh." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (February 1, 2021): e376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.376.
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It is important in software development to enforce proper restrictions on protected services and resources. Typically software services can be accessed through REST API endpoints where restrictions can be applied using the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model. However, RBAC policies can be inconsistent across services, and they require proper assessment. Currently, developers use penetration testing, which is a costly and cumbersome process for a large number of APIs. In addition, modern applications are split into individual microservices and lack a unified view in order to carry out automated RBAC assessment. Often, the process of constructing a centralized perspective of an application is done using Systematic Architecture Reconstruction (SAR). This article presents a novel approach to automated SAR to construct a centralized perspective for a microservice mesh based on their REST communication pattern. We utilize the generated views from SAR to propose an automated way to find RBAC inconsistencies.
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Bakic, Dragan. "Apis’s men: The black hand conspirators after the Great war." Balcanica, no. 46 (2015): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1546219b.
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The activities of Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic Apis and his clandestine Black Hand organisation in Serbia have long been scrutinised in connection with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 and the outbreak of the First World War. Regent Alexander and the Pasic government dealt severely with the Black Hand in the Salonica show trial in 1917 when Apis and two of his friends were sentenced to death, a number of officers sentenced to prison and other Black Handers purged from the civilian and military authorities. The rest of Black Handers, particularly those more prominent, who survived the war found themselves in a position of pariah in the newly-founded Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). They were constantly under the watchful eye of the authorities and suspected of plotting subversive activities. To be sure, the Black Handers remained in close contact and sought to bring about a ?revision? of the Salonica trial and rehabilitate themselves and their dead comrades. This paper focuses on three particular Black Handers, Bozin Simic, Radoje Jankovic and Mustafa Golubic - although their other friends are also mentioned in connection with them - who offered stiff resistance to the regime that had condemned them. Their cases demonstrate that some of former Apis?s associates in time came to terms with the authorities in order to secure peaceful existence or even obtain a prominent status, whereas other remained staunch opponents of King Alexander and their frustration took the shape of a left-wing opposition ranging from republicanism to outright communism.
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Folmer, E., W. Beek, and L. Rietveld. "LINKED DATA VIEWING AS PART OF THE SPATIAL DATA PLATFORM OF THE FUTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-49-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Land Registry and Mapping Agency of the Netherlands (‘Kadaster’ in Dutch) is developing an online publication platform for sharing its geospatial data assets called KDP (`Kadaster Data Platform’ in Dutch). One of the main goals of this platform is to better share geospatial data with the wider, web-oriented world, including its developers, approaches, and standards. Linked Open Data (W3C), GeoSPARQL (OGC), and Open APIs (OpenAPI Specification) are the predominant standardized approaches for this purpose. As a result, the most important spatial datasets of the Netherlands – including several key registries – are now being published as Linked Open Data that can be accessed through a SPARQL endpoint and a collection of REST APIs. In addition to providing raw access to the data, Kadaster Data Platform also offers developers functionalities that allow them to gain a better understanding about the contents of its datasets. These functionalities include various ways for viewing Linked Data . This paper focuses on two of the main components the Kadaster Data Platform is using for this purpose: FacetCheck and Data Stories.</p>
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Li, Zhenlong, Xiao Huang, Tao Hu, Huan Ning, Xinyue Ye, Binghu Huang, and Xiaoming Li. "ODT FLOW: Extracting, analyzing, and sharing multi-source multi-scale human mobility." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0255259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255259.
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In response to the soaring needs of human mobility data, especially during disaster events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated big data challenges, we develop a scalable online platform for extracting, analyzing, and sharing multi-source multi-scale human mobility flows. Within the platform, an origin-destination-time (ODT) data model is proposed to work with scalable query engines to handle heterogenous mobility data in large volumes with extensive spatial coverage, which allows for efficient extraction, query, and aggregation of billion-level origin-destination (OD) flows in parallel at the server-side. An interactive spatial web portal, ODT Flow Explorer, is developed to allow users to explore multi-source mobility datasets with user-defined spatiotemporal scales. To promote reproducibility and replicability, we further develop ODT Flow REST APIs that provide researchers with the flexibility to access the data programmatically via workflows, codes, and programs. Demonstrations are provided to illustrate the potential of the APIs integrating with scientific workflows and with the Jupyter Notebook environment. We believe the platform coupled with the derived multi-scale mobility data can assist human mobility monitoring and analysis during disaster events such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and benefit both scientific communities and the general public in understanding human mobility dynamics.
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Chen, Fu, Cheng Jie Xu, and Quan Yin Zhu. "A Design of a Sci-Tech Information Retrieval Platform Based on Apache Solr and Web Mining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.883.
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In order to service the need of high-tech companies, allow companies get the sci-tech information more quickly and efficiently. The sci-tech information retrieval platform is proposed. The platform has four parts; the web spider, the Solr engine, the SQL Server 2008 database and the client. Each part deals a core issue, the mode make whole system more flexible, scalable and fault tolerant. The web spider collect sci-tech information from the Internet, the Solr engine takes charge of indexing documents gained by the web spider, the SQL Server database store all the users information and the configuration of the whole system, the client provides several REST-like APIs to modify the configurations and get the latest information in the platform.
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Kumari, Shabnam. "REST based API." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-4 (June 30, 2017): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2200.
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Jin, Wenquan, Rongxu Xu, Sunhwan Lim, Dong-Hwan Park, Chanwon Park, and Dohyeun Kim. "Integrated Service Composition Approach Based on Transparent Access to Heterogeneous IoT Networks Using Multiple Service Providers." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (May 28, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590605.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the number of connected devices to be increased rapidly based on heterogeneous technologies such as platforms, frameworks, libraries, protocols, and standard specifications. Based on the connected devices, various applications can be developed by integrating domain-specific contents using the service composition for providing improved services. The management of the information including devices, contents, and composite objects is necessary to represent the physical objects on the Internet for accessing the IoT services transparently. In this paper, we propose an integrated service composition approach based on multiple service providers to provide improved IoT services by combining various service objects in heterogeneous IoT networks. In the proposed IoT architecture, each service provider provides web services based on Representational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interface (API) that delivers information to the clients as well as other providers for integrating the information to provide new services. Through the REST APIs, the integration management provider combines the service result of the IoT service provider to other contents to provide improved services. Moreover, the interworking proxy is proposed to bridge heterogeneous IoT networks for enabling transparent access in the integrated services through proving protocol translating on the entry of the device networks. Therefore, the interworking proxy is deployed between the IoT service provider and device networks to enable clients to access heterogeneous IoT devices through the composited services transparently.
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Brutscher, Laura M., Boris Baer, and Elina L. Niño. "Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and Health: A Review." Insects 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10010008.
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Honey bees are major pollinators of agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. In recent years, honey bee colonies have exhibited high annual losses and commercial beekeepers frequently report poor queen quality and queen failure as the primary causes. Honey bee colonies are highly vulnerable to compromised queen fertility, as each hive is headed by one reproductive queen. Queens mate with multiple drones (male bees) during a single mating period early in life in which they obtain enough spermatozoa to fertilize their eggs for the rest of their reproductive life span. The process of mating initiates numerous behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes that shape the fertility of the queen and her influence on the colony. For example, receipt of drone semen can modulate queen ovary activation, pheromone production, and subsequent worker retinue behavior. In addition, seminal fluid is a major component of semen that is primarily derived from drone accessory glands. It also contains a complex mixture of proteins such as proteases, antioxidants, and antimicrobial proteins. Seminal fluid proteins are essential for inducing post-mating changes in other insects such as Drosophila and thus they may also impact honey bee queen fertility and health. However, the specific molecules in semen and seminal fluid that initiate post-mating changes in queens are still unidentified. Herein, we summarize the mating biology of honey bees, the changes queens undergo during and after copulation, and the role of drone semen and seminal fluid in post-mating changes in queens. We then review the effects of seminal fluid proteins in insect reproduction and potential roles for honey bee drone seminal fluid proteins in queen reproduction and health. We finish by proposing future avenues of research. Further elucidating the role of drone fertility in queen reproductive health may contribute towards reducing colony losses and advancing honey bee stock development.
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THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ), Y., I. GEORGOULAKIS (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ), and A. FOUNDA (Α. ΦΟΥΝΤΑ). "Dipteran species in agricultural region of eastern Thessaloniki." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15697.
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In an agricultural region of Thessaloniki province, fly traps were placed, which contained substances in order to attract flies with the purpose to trap and identify them. The substances were, pieces offish, meat and feta cheese, sugar and faeces of small ruminants. Fifteen different flies species were trapped, of which, thirteen are mentioned in the international bibliography, as parasites, such as, Musca domestica, Muscina sp, Fannia sp, Phormia regina, Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata, Calliphora erythrocephala (vicina), Sarcophaga sp, Oestrus ovis, Gasterophillus sp, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia (Shiphona) irritans, Chrysops sp and Hydrotaea (Ophyra) spp and two, as no parasites, such as Drosophilla melanogaster and Apis mellifera. From the trapped flies, Hydrotaea sp, Muscina sp, Fannia sp and Phormia regina, were identified for the first time in Greece. From the substances which were used in order to attract the flies, the fish was the one that all flies showed preference to, in the greater number, while the rest of the substances they chose descending order, was meat, sugar and feta cheese. Finally, only one fly was found in the excrement of small ruminants.
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Buchmann, Robert Andrei. "Selected Topics on Enablers for Next-Generation Information Systems Development: Editorial Introduction to Issue 25 of CSIMQ." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, no. 25 (December 31, 2020): I—II. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2020-25.00.
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The 25th issue of CSIMQ presents four articles that investigate novel enablers for information systems development. Three of the selected articles focus on conceptual modeling methods, whereas the fourth one investigates the readiness of SMEs for Industry 4.0 adoption. Model-driven engineering was both tailored (on method level) and applied in two of the papers, taking a Design Science approach to develop proofs-of-concept for the notion of “technology-specific modeling”, a particular flavor of domain-specific modeling – more precisely, technology-specific modeling languages reflect the specificity of a technological ecosystem or pattern (e. g. REST APIs, MVC Web development frameworks). The third paper's contribution may also be seen as a modeling method, although it is not framed as such – it focuses on a design viewpoint and its theoretical applicability in business scenarios. This method proposes a chemistry-inspired technique for optimizing enterprise collaboration patterns based on their KPI effects. Finally, the last paper takes a systematic literature review approach to investigate Industry 4.0 adoption at SME level through the lens of a modified version of the IMPULS assessment model.
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Otieno, Nickson E., Kenneth Njoroge, Bernard Agwanda, Mary Gikungu, and John Mauremooto. "Mobilizing digitized museum specimen records to highlight important animal pollinators in East Africa." Collection Forum 28, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-0005-28.1.21.
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Abstract There is an increasing global demand for existing natural history information for use in education, conservation, and policy formulation. Museum specimen collection records, being voluminous, are particularly significant in addressing such demands. This is even more critical in developing countries where daily human life is intimately linked to the environment. We demonstrate how existing museum specimen collection records were mobilized to highlight important animal pollinators in three East African countries. The bulk of the records were obtained from a Specify database of existing zoological collections held at the National Museums of Kenya, and the rest were from such alternative sources as published material, discussions with pollination experts, and online taxonomic portals and other tools. Identified to genus or species level, pollinator-ranking criteria encompassed region-wide distribution, number of plants pollinated, importance index of plants pollinated, and plant dependency on pollination. Overall, insects, especially Apis mellifera, were the most important pollinators in the region, pollinating the largest number of plants of diverse domestic, socioeconomic, and ecological significance. The results underscore potential use of specimen record-based informatics to guide agricultural and economic policy in East Africa.
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Peroni, Silvio, and David Shotton. "OpenCitations, an infrastructure organization for open scholarship." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 1 (February 2020): 428–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00023.
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OpenCitations is an infrastructure organization for open scholarship dedicated to the publication of open citation data as Linked Open Data using Semantic Web technologies, thereby providing a disruptive alternative to traditional proprietary citation indexes. Open citation data are valuable for bibliometric analysis, increasing the reproducibility of large-scale analyses by enabling publication of the source data. Following brief introductions to the development and benefits of open scholarship and to Semantic Web technologies, this paper describes OpenCitations and its data sets, tools, services, and activities. These include the OpenCitations Data Model; the SPAR (Semantic Publishing and Referencing) Ontologies; OpenCitations’ open software of generic applicability for searching, browsing, and providing REST APIs over resource description framework (RDF) triplestores; Open Citation Identifiers (OCIs) and the OpenCitations OCI Resolution Service; the OpenCitations Corpus (OCC), a database of open downloadable bibliographic and citation data made available in RDF under a Creative Commons public domain dedication; and the OpenCitations Indexes of open citation data, of which the first and largest is COCI, the OpenCitations Index of Crossref Open DOI-to-DOI Citations, which currently contains over 624 million bibliographic citations and is receiving considerable usage by the scholarly community.
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Im, Cholhong, and Changsung Jeong. "ISOMP: An Instant Service-Orchestration Mobile M2M Platform." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7263729.
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Smartphones have greater computing power than ever before, providing convenient applications to improve our lives. In general, people find it difficult to locate suitable applications and implementing new applications often requires professional skills. In this paper, we propose a new service platform that facilitates the implementation of new applications by composing prebuilt components that provide the context information of mobile devices such as location and contacts. Our platform introduces an innovative concept named context collaboration, in which smartphones exchange context information with each other, which in turn is used to deduct useful inferences. The concept is realized by instant orchestration, which assembles some components and implements a composite component. The interactive communication interface helps a mobile device to communicate with other devices using open APIs, such as SOAP and HTTP (REST). The platform also works in heterogeneous environments, for example, between Android and iOS operating systems. Throughout the platform, mobile devices can act as smart M2M machines with context awareness, enabling intelligent tasks on behalf of users. Our platform will open up a new and innovative pathway for both enhanced mobile context awareness and M2M, which is expected to be a fundamental feature of the next generation of mobile devices.
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Gobeill, Julien, Déborah Caucheteur, Pierre-André Michel, Luc Mottin, Emilie Pasche, and Patrick Ruch. "SIB Literature Services: RESTful customizable search engines in biomedical literature, enriched with automatically mapped biomedical concepts." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (May 7, 2020): W12—W16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa328.
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Abstract Thanks to recent efforts by the text mining community, biocurators have now access to plenty of good tools and Web interfaces for identifying and visualizing biomedical entities in literature. Yet, many of these systems start with a PubMed query, which is limited by strong Boolean constraints. Some semantic search engines exploit entities for Information Retrieval, and/or deliver relevance-based ranked results. Yet, they are not designed for supporting a specific curation workflow, and allow very limited control on the search process. The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Literature Services (SIBiLS) provide personalized Information Retrieval in the biological literature. Indeed, SIBiLS allow fully customizable search in semantically enriched contents, based on keywords and/or mapped biomedical entities from a growing set of standardized and legacy vocabularies. The services have been used and favourably evaluated to assist the curation of genes and gene products, by delivering customized literature triage engines to different curation teams. SIBiLS (https://candy.hesge.ch/SIBiLS) are freely accessible via REST APIs and are ready to empower any curation workflow, built on modern technologies scalable with big data: MongoDB and Elasticsearch. They cover MEDLINE and PubMed Central Open Access enriched by nearly 2 billion of mapped biomedical entities, and are daily updated.
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Choi, Min. "Research of Distributed Computing with REST Open API Web Services." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 18, no. 10 (October 31, 2014): 2473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.10.2473.
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Jiang, W., and E. Stefanakis. "A RESTFUL API FOR THE EXTENDED WHAT3WORDS ENCODING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4 (September 19, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-97-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geocoding is a fundamental task of Geographic Information System (GIS) processing and analysis. It allows the transformation between a location reference (i.e., an address or an alphanumeric code) and coordinates, which is often an essential step when performing spatial analysis, mapping, and other geolocation related processes. Providing software functionality through RESTful APIs is a common practice in geospatial applications. Client programs are able to access or process geospatial data easily through a lightweight and scalable RESTful web service. Existing geocoding RESTful API providers include Google Maps Geocoding API, ArcGIS Geocoding REST API, MapQuest Open Geocoding API and what3words (w3w) Geocoding API. Extensions of what3words geocoding system have recently been proposed to overcome its limitation of fixed resolution and lack of consideration of the third dimension. This paper considers one of the extensions, the Quadtree Extension Model (QTEM) and introduces a RESTful API that provides operations for forward geocoding, reverse geocoding, single line and polygon encoding, and centre points encoding for a given area. The resources published by the web service could be implemented by software programs performing indoor and outdoor location referencing, location marking and path finding. This API could facilitate various geographic applications such as facility management, emergency evacuation, navigation and student survey data management in a university campus environment.</p>
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Hendricks, Ginny, Dominika Tkaczyk, Jennifer Lin, and Patricia Feeney. "Crossref: The sustainable source of community-owned scholarly metadata." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 1 (February 2020): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00022.
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This paper describes the scholarly metadata collected and made available by Crossref, as well as its importance in the scholarly research ecosystem. Containing over 106 million records and expanding at an average rate of 11% a year, Crossref’s metadata has become one of the major sources of scholarly data for publishers, authors, librarians, funders, and researchers. The metadata set consists of 13 content types, including not only traditional types, such as journals and conference papers, but also data sets, reports, preprints, peer reviews, and grants. The metadata is not limited to basic publication metadata, but can also include abstracts and links to full text, funding and license information, citation links, and the information about corrections, updates, retractions, etc. This scale and breadth make Crossref a valuable source for research in scientometrics, including measuring the growth and impact of science and understanding new trends in scholarly communications. The metadata is available through a number of APIs, including REST API and OAI-PMH. In this paper, we describe the kind of metadata that Crossref provides and how it is collected and curated. We also look at Crossref’s role in the research ecosystem and trends in metadata curation over the years, including the evolution of its citation data provision. We summarize the research used in Crossref’s metadata and describe plans that will improve metadata quality and retrieval in the future.
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Drapal, Margit, Eugenia M. A. Enfissi, and Paul D. Fraser. "Metabolic effects of agro-infiltration on N. benthamiana accessions." Transgenic Research 30, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-021-00256-9.
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AbstractOver the recent years, Nicotiana benthamiana has gained great importance as a chassis for the production of high value, low volume pharmaceuticals and/or active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The process involving infiltration of the N. benthamiana leaves with Agrobacterium spp, harbouring vectors with the gene of interest, facilitates transient expression. To date, little information is available on the effect of the agro-infiltration process on the metabolome of N. benthamiana, which is necessary to improve the process for large-scale, renewable manufacturing of high value compounds and medical products. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess metabolic adaptation of N. benthamiana as a response to the presence of Agrobacterium. The present study elucidated changes of the steady-state metabolism in the agroinfiltrated leaf area, the area around the infection and the rest of the plant. Furthermore, the study discusses the phenotypic advantages of the N. benthamiana lab strain, optimised for agro-infiltration, compared to three other wild accessions. Results showed that the lab strain has a different metabolic composition and showed less alterations of the phenylpropanoid pathway and cell wall remodelling in the agroinfiltrated leaf areas, for example chlorogenic acid, cadaverine and C18:0–2-glycerol ester. In conclusion, both of these alterations present potential candidates to improve the phenotype of the N. benthamiana lab strain for a more efficient transient expression process.
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Kim, Sang-Il, and Hwa-Sung Kim. "API Selection and Automatic Open API Composition Method Based on REST Protocol." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 38C, no. 7 (July 31, 2013): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38c.7.587.
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Cornetta, Gianluca, Francisco Javier Mateos, Abdellah Touhafi, and Gabriel-Miro Muntean. "Modelling and Simulation of a Cloud Platform for Sharing Distributed Digital Fabrication Resources." Computers 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers8020047.
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Fabrication as a Service (FaaS) is a new concept developed within the framework of the NEWTON Horizon 2020 project. It is aimed at empowering digital fabrication laboratories (Fab Labs) by providing hardware and software wrappers to expose numerically-controlled expensive fabrication equipment as web services. More specifically, FaaS leverages cloud and IoT technologies to enable a wide learning community to have remote access to these labs’ computer-controlled tools and equipment over the Internet. In such context, the fabrication machines can be seen as networked resources distributed over a wide geographical area. These resources can communicate through machine-to-machine protocols and a centralized cloud infrastructure and can be digitally monitored and controlled through programmatic interfaces relying on REST APIs. This paper introduces FaaS in the context of Fab Lab challenges and describes FaaS deployment within NEWTON Fab Labs, part of the NEWTON European Horizon 2020 project on technology enhanced learning. The NEWTON Fab Labs architecture is described in detail targeting software, hardware and network architecture. The system has been extensively load-tested simulating real use-case scenarios and it is presently in production. In particular, this paper shows how the measured data has been used to build a simulation model to estimate system performance and identify possible bottlenecks. The measurements performed show that the platform delays exhibit a tail distribution with Pareto-like behaviour; this finding has been used to build a simple mathematical model and a simulator on top of CloudSim to estimate the latencies of the critical paths of the NEWTON Fab Lab platform under several load conditions.
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Neinstein, Aaron, Jenise Wong, Howard Look, Brandon Arbiter, Kent Quirk, Steve McCanne, Yao Sun, Michael Blum, and Saleh Adi. "A case study in open source innovation: developing the Tidepool Platform for interoperability in type 1 diabetes management." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 2 (September 2, 2015): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv104.
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Abstract Objective Develop a device-agnostic cloud platform to host diabetes device data and catalyze an ecosystem of software innovation for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Materials and Methods An interdisciplinary team decided to establish a nonprofit company, Tidepool, and build open-source software. Results Through a user-centered design process, the authors created a software platform, the Tidepool Platform, to upload and host T1D device data in an integrated, device-agnostic fashion, as well as an application (“app”), Blip, to visualize the data. Tidepool’s software utilizes the principles of modular components, modern web design including REST APIs and JavaScript, cloud computing, agile development methodology, and robust privacy and security. Discussion By consolidating the currently scattered and siloed T1D device data ecosystem into one open platform, Tidepool can improve access to the data and enable new possibilities and efficiencies in T1D clinical care and research. The Tidepool Platform decouples diabetes apps from diabetes devices, allowing software developers to build innovative apps without requiring them to design a unique back-end (e.g., database and security) or unique ways of ingesting device data. It allows people with T1D to choose to use any preferred app regardless of which device(s) they use. Conclusion The authors believe that the Tidepool Platform can solve two current problems in the T1D device landscape: 1) limited access to T1D device data and 2) poor interoperability of data from different devices. If proven effective, Tidepool’s open source, cloud model for health data interoperability is applicable to other healthcare use cases.
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Giallonardo, Ester, Francesco Poggi, Davide Rossi, and Eugenio Zimeo. "Semantics-Driven Programming of Self-Adaptive Reactive Systems." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 30, no. 06 (June 2020): 805–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194020400082.
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In recent years, new classes of highly dynamic, complex systems are gaining momentum. These classes include, but are not limited to IoT, smart cities, cyber-physical systems and sensor networks. These systems are characterized by the need to express behaviors driven by external and/or internal changes, i.e. they are reactive and context-aware. A desirable design feature of these systems is the ability of adapting their behavior to environment changes. In this paper, we propose an approach to support adaptive, reactive systems based on semantic runtime representations of their context, enabling the selection of equivalent behaviors, i.e. behaviors that have the same effect on the environment. The context representation and the related knowledge are managed by an engine designed according to a reference architecture and programmable through a declarative definition of sensors and actuators. The knowledge base of sensors and actuators (hosted by an RDF triplestore) is bound to the real world by grounding semantic elements to physical devices via REST APIs. The proposed architecture along with the defined ontology tries to address the main problems of dynamically re-configurable systems by exploiting a declarative, queryable approach to enable runtime reconfiguration with the help of (a) semantics to support discovery in heterogeneous environment, (b) composition logic to define alternative behaviors for variation points, (c) bi-causal connection life-cycle to avoid dangling links with the external environment. The proposal is validated in a case study aimed at designing an edge node for smart buildings dedicated to cultural heritage preservation.
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Muzzamil, P. Z. "Artificial Intelligence based BOT to Manage and Administer Cloud Services." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35367.
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In the era of cloud computing, every company uses cloud technology for its applications and other infrastructure to provide a highly available and easily accessible user experience. While monitoring and managing these assets becomes a hectic work for the IT admins. On which the Level of Effort (LOE) of the resource allocated will be high and the resource must reach different console for different information. Introducing an AI-powered bot which can monitor and manage the cloud assets will reduce the manpower drastically. Most enterprises currently have very rudimentary systems of resource management where someone in the role of an Azure or resource administrator log on to the Admin Portal of their resources and have to apply filters and search through multiple screens to find even the most basic information regarding utilization and cost. This leads to inefficient management of resources and almost leads to overspending in resources that are being underutilized. The implementation of the project will involve creating a cloud services management bot that can be integrated with an enterprise’s collaboration suite as a way to enhance the enterprise’s modern workspace. The bot is to be trained on a set of query data as part of the artificial intelligence process using the natural language processing packages that are included in the Azure Cognitive Services suite. Once queries are processed, the system will connect with the respective endpoints of the Azure Resource Management REST APIs to retrieve relevant resource utilization information and show that to the end-user.
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Macklin, James, Markus Englund, Falko Glöckler, Mikko Heikkinen, Jana Hoffmann, Keith Newton, and Fredrick Ronquist. "General introduction to DINA." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 18, 2018): e25646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25646.
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The DINA Consortium (“DIgital information system for NAtural history data”, https://dina-project.net, Fig. 1) was formed in order to provide a framework for like-minded large natural history collection-holding institutions to collaborate through a distributed Open Source development model to produce a flexible and sustainable collection management system. Target collections include zoological, botanical, mycological, geological and paleontological collections, living collections, biodiversity inventories, observation records, and molecular data. The DINA system is architected as a loosely-coupled set of several web-based modules. The conceptual basis for this modular ecosystem is a compilation of comprehensive guidelines for Web application programming interfaces (APIs) to guarantee the interoperability of its components. Thus, all DINA components can be modified or even replaced by other components without crashing the rest of the system as long as they are DINA compliant. Furthermore, the modularity enables the institutions to host only the components they need. DINA focuses on an Open Source software philosophy and on community-driven open development, so the contributors share their development resources and expertise outside of their own institutions. One of the overarching reasons to develop a new collection management system is the need to better model complex relationships between collection objects (typically specimens) involving their derivatives, preparations and storage. We will discuss enhancements made in the DINA data model to better represent these relationships and the influence it has on the management of these objects, and on the sharing of information. Technical detail of various components of the DINA system will be shown in other talks in this symposium followed by a discussion session.
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Alpatov, A. N. "SIMULATION SERVER REST API BASED ON THE SPECIFICATION FOR TESTING WEB APPLICATIONS." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies) 2, no. 11 2020 (2020): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.38371.
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Ismail, Masawanga Yahya, Joel Felichesmi Tarimo, and Canisius John Kayombo. "Beekeeping Potential, Richness, and Distribution of Plant Species Foraged by Stinging Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) in West Kilimanjaro Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS) Plantation." International Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.3.1.301.
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An assessment of beekeeping potential, richness, and distribution of plant species foraged by stinging honey bee Apis mellifera L. in West Kilimanjaro Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS) Plantation area was conducted in 2020. A total of 40, 20 m x 20 m plots were set on the 5 natural vegetation remnants within the plantation forest ranges of Sanya juu, Lemosho, Hill wood, Wasendo, and Londrosi at an interval of 100 m. Within the 20 m x 20 m, 1 m x 1 m nested plots were established to assess herbs, sedge, grasses, and seedlings, while 2 m x 5 m were established to determine shrubs. Agriculture crops grown by the bordering villagers were identified and evaluated for the bee forage potential. Plant species richness (S) was determined from the total number of plant species identified from every site using the Shannon Weiner Diversity Index (H’). Plant species distribution was determined grounded on the frequency (F) and evenness (E) were determined. The sites were revealed to have high plant species diversity foraged by stinging honey bees. A total of 204 plant species belonging to 76 families and 178 genera were identified. The calculates H’ of 2.37 for non-wood plants and 3.05 for wood plants implied high plant diversity. The most distributed plant species had a relative frequency (RF) of 6.250 ± 3.0303, while the rest had an RF < 3.0303. The disappearance of one species does not cause any significant effect on bees, as they can go for another species in the area. 92% of non-woody plants and 94% of the identified woody plants were known to be foraged by stinging honey bees. The evenness (E) of 0.7484 for non-wood plants and 0.795 implied that the plants in all categorize were not evenly distributed. West Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation (WKFP) natural forest patches are potential for honey beekeeping. Stinging honey bee fodder plants should be planted, regular visits to the project sites should be exercised to protect honey theft, spot clearing to give a room for naturally germinated seedlings covered by climbers. Further study should be done on the biological species diversity, training to beekeeping staff, and plan for regular inspection of the honey bee colony strength will help to reveal any challenges facing the venture including diseases and hives strengths and weakness.
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Fok, Chien-Liang, Gwendolyn Johnson, John D. Yamokoski, Aloysius Mok, and Luis Sentis. "ControlIt! — A Software Framework for Whole-Body Operational Space Control." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 01 (March 2016): 1550040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843615500401.
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Whole Body Operational Space Control (WBOSC) enables floating-base highly redundant robots to achieve unified motion/force control of one or more operational space objectives while adhering to physical constraints. It is a pioneering algorithm in the field of human-centered Whole-Body Control (WBC). Although there are extensive studies on the algorithms and theory behind WBOSC, limited studies exist on the software architecture and APIs that enable WBOSC to perform and be integrated into a larger system. In this paper, we address this by presenting ControlIt!, a new open-source software framework for WBOSC. Unlike previous implementations, ControlIt! is multi-threaded to increase maximum servo frequencies using standard PC hardware. A new parameter binding mechanism enables tight integration between ControlIt! and external processes via an extensible set of transport protocols. To support a new robot, only two plugins and a URDF model is needed — the rest of ControlIt! remains unchanged. New WBC primitives can be added by writing Task or Constraint plugins. ControlIt!’s capabilities are demonstrated on Dreamer, a 16-DOF torque controlled humanoid upper body robot containing both series elastic and co-actuated joints, and using it to perform a product disassembly task. Using this testbed, we show that ControlIt! can achieve average servo latencies of about 0.5[Formula: see text]ms when configured with two Cartesian position tasks, two orientation tasks, and a lower priority posture task. This is 10 times faster than the 5[Formula: see text]ms that was achieved using UTA-WBC, the prototype implementation of WBOSC that is both application and platform-specific. Variations in the product’s position is handled by updating the goal of the Cartesian position task. ControlIt!’s source code is released under LGPL and we hope it will be adopted and maintained by the WBC community for the long term as a platform for WBC development and integration.
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Xu, Rongxu, Wenquan Jin, and Dohyeun Kim. "Microservice Security Agent Based On API Gateway in Edge Computing." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 10, 2019): 4905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224905.
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Internet of Things (IoT) devices are embedded with software, electronics, and sensors, and feature connectivity with constrained resources. They require the edge computing paradigm, with modular characteristics relying on microservices, to provide an extensible and lightweight computing framework at the edge of the network. Edge computing can relieve the burden of centralized cloud computing by performing certain operations, such as data storage and task computation, at the edge of the network. Despite the benefits of edge computing, it can lead to many challenges in terms of security and privacy issues. Thus, services that protect privacy and secure data are essential functions in edge computing. For example, the end user’s ownership and privacy information and control are separated, which can easily lead to data leakage, unauthorized data manipulation, and other data security concerns. Thus, the confidentiality and integrity of the data cannot be guaranteed and, so, more secure authentication and access mechanisms are required to ensure that the microservices are exposed only to authorized users. In this paper, we propose a microservice security agent to integrate the edge computing platform with the API gateway technology for presenting a secure authentication mechanism. The aim of this platform is to afford edge computing clients a practical application which provides user authentication and allows JSON Web Token (JWT)-based secure access to the services of edge computing. To integrate the edge computing platform with the API gateway, we implement a microservice security agent based on the open-source Kong in the EdgeX Foundry framework. Also to provide an easy-to-use approach with Kong, we implement REST APIs for generating new consumers, registering services, configuring access controls. Finally, the usability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by evaluating the round trip time (RTT). The results demonstrate the efficiency of the system and its suitability for real-world applications.
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Smith, Eric A., and Irene L. G. Newton. "Genomic Signatures of Honey Bee Association in an Acetic Acid Symbiont." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 10 (September 1, 2020): 1882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa183.
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Abstract Recent declines in the health of the honey bee have startled researchers and lay people alike as honey bees are agriculture’s most important pollinator. Honey bees are important pollinators of many major crops and add billions of dollars annually to the US economy through their services. One factor that may influence colony health is the microbial community. Indeed, the honey bee worker digestive tract harbors a characteristic community of bee-specific microbes, and the composition of this community is known to impact honey bee health. However, the honey bee is a superorganism, a colony of eusocial insects with overlapping generations where nestmates cooperate, building a hive, gathering and storing food, and raising brood. In contrast to what is known regarding the honey bee worker gut microbiome, less is known of the microbes associated with developing brood, with food stores, and with the rest of the built hive environment. More recently, the microbe Bombella apis was identified as associated with nectar, with developing larvae, and with honey bee queens. This bacterium is related to flower-associated microbes such as Saccharibacter floricola and other species in the genus Saccharibacter, and initial phylogenetic analyses placed it as sister to these environmental bacteria. Here, we used comparative genomics of multiple honey bee-associated strains and the nectar-associated Saccharibacter to identify genomic changes that may be associated with the ecological transition to honey bee association. We identified several genomic differences in the honey bee-associated strains, including a complete CRISPR/Cas system. Many of the changes we note here are predicted to confer upon Bombella the ability to survive in royal jelly and defend themselves against mobile elements, including phages. Our results are a first step toward identifying potential function of this microbe in the honey bee superorganism.
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Marraco, Agustín Daniel, Genaro Camele, Waldo Hasperué, Sebastián Menazzi, Martín Abba, and Matías Butti. "Modulector: una plataforma como servicio para el acceso a bases de datos de micro ARNs." Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico y Social 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/26838559e030.
Full textAbstract:
El notable crecimiento del volumen de datos genómicos y la enorme variedad de bases de datos que los almacenan, hacen indispensable disponer de mecanismos eficientes y eficaces de integración. En la actualidad se encuentran disponibles varias herramientas que ofrecen APIs (Interfaz de programación de aplicaciones) que permiten acceder a dicha información, que pueden ser utilizados tanto a través de lenguajes de programación como de navegadores a partir de servicios web. Sin embargo, en dominios específicos de la bioinformática como el caso de los micro ARN -pequeñas moléculas de ARN de gran interés por su capacidad de regular la actividad de otros genes- la mayoría de las soluciones recurren en problemas que dificultan su uso, incluyendo la falta de procesos que simplifiquen la actualización de sus bases de datos a medida que se publica nueva información, tiempos de respuesta inadecuados, dificultad para garantizar la escalabilidad, falta de consistencia en el formato de intercambio de datos, funcionalidad extremadamente limitada, errores por falta de mantenimiento, entre otros problemas frecuentes.
En el presente trabajo se presenta Modulector, una solución que integra información de bases de datos genómicas, con bases de datos de micro ARNs (microARNs), para simplificar el acceso a las distintas dimensiones de información de los microARNs de interés (secuencias, fármacos y patologías asociadas, genes regulados, publicaciones científicas), poniendo especial énfasis en resolver las problemáticas técnicas comunes descritas anteriormente.
Modulector brinda acceso a través de una API REST (API para la transferencia de estado representacional), garantiza tiempos de respuesta adecuados y escalabilidad, tiene capacidad de ordenamiento, filtro, búsqueda y paginado de resultados. La solución utiliza contenedores, simplificando el despliegue en cualquier servidor, lo que la hace adaptable para la mayoría de los casos de uso donde se quiere utilizar Modulector de manera privada. Toda la información retornada por Modulector se encuentra normalizada en formato JSON, haciéndola eficiente para su manipulación mediante cualquier herramienta de desarrollo. El código fuente de Modulector está disponible en https://github.com/omics-datascience/modulector.