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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Apollo Soyuz Test Project

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Academic literature on the topic 'Apollo Soyuz Test Project'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Apollo Soyuz Test Project"

1

Ross-Nazzal, J. "Detente on Earth and in Space: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project." OAH Magazine of History 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/maghis/24.3.29.

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2

Krasnyak, Olga. "The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: Construction of an Ideal Type of Science Diplomacy." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 13, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 410–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341028.

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Summary The article explores the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) of 1975, the first joint US–USSR space flight, which was embedded in the wider political, ideological and cultural contexts of the Cold War. The ASTP can be viewed through the lens of science diplomacy (SD). The data, drawn from available sources and memoirs, highlights the phenomenological approach in people-to-people interaction to analyse paths, processes and timeline dependence in such cooperation. The Weberian model of generalization and the path dependency theory of constructing an ideal type were used as the study’s theoretical frameworks. An ideal type of SD is viewed not as universal, but as a heuristic device that can be contrasted and compared with other recognized cases of SD. The significance of utilizing an ideal type of SD is to maintain mechanisms and networks effectively between countries through science and technology-related joint projects when political relations are strained or limited.

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3

ELLIS, THOMAS. "“Howdy Partner!” Space Brotherhood, Detente and the Symbolism of the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project." Journal of American Studies 53, no. 3 (March 16, 2018): 744–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875817001955.

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In 1975 American and Soviet spacecraft docked together in orbit as part of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), the world's first international crewed space mission. Focussing on the project's political symbolism, this article argues that the ASTP was an attempt by the Nixon and Ford administrations to advertise US–Soviet detente by harnessing the optimistic imagery of “space brotherhood,” an instinctive kinship supposedly shared by American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts. This was ultimately unsuccessful, as detente's critics appropriated the mission for their own symbolic use to attack US–Soviet detente as a fantastical escape from earthly problems.

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4

Jenks, Andrew. "U.S.-Soviet Handshakes in Space and the Cold War Imaginary." Journal of Cold War Studies 23, no. 2 (2021): 100–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01010.

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Abstract This article examines the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975 as an instrument of diplomacy and as a catalyst for East-West détente. The topic has received little attention in either the general literature on the Cold War—which has only recently begun to address the political significance of science and technology more generally—or in the literature on space history, which has focused mostly on the earlier race to land on the moon and has devoted little attention to the collaboration in space that has dominated crewed space missions from the 1970s, leading up to the International Space Station. The article connects two previously separate spheres of study—space history and diplomatic history—to shed light on the importance of space exploration in the bigger story of Cold War diplomacy.

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5

Volf, Darina. "Evolution of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: The Effects of the “Third” on the Interplay Between Cooperation and Competition." Minerva 59, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-021-09435-8.

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AbstractThe paper investigates the evolution of the first manned international space mission – a rendezvous and docking between a US and a Soviet spacecraft in 1975 known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The aim is to reconsider the rationales behind the ASTP from both a conceptual and an empirical perspective in order to get a better understanding of the evolution of international cooperation in the highly competitive and strategic field of space technology. Based on archival sources from Moscow, it sheds some light on those factors that led to a change in the previous reluctance of Soviets to cooperate with the US in the manned spaceflight. From the theoretical point of view, it argues that the ASTP was as much a tool of competition as one of cooperation and resulted from an interplay between cooperative and competitive logics. To explain the turn towards cooperative practices, the article looks at the complex constellation of competitive relations that existed within the national and international context of space exploration and changed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The decisive role in those changes was played by factors that can be subsumed under the notion of the so-called “third.”

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6

O'Rangers, Eleanor A. "Supporting Humans in Space: A Brief Historical Perspective of the US Manned Spaceflight Program." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190003016002002.

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Space medicine can trace its origins to health care research, training, and practices in the US Air Force and Navy in the 1950s. As the US-Russian “space race” took shape following the launch of Sputnik, interest in space medicine intensified. Most of the medical research in the early days of US manned spaceflight (Project Mercury through the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project) was incorporated as mission objectives on most flights. Although this approach was not optimal for systematic data collection, it did reveal some adverse health consequences of space travel, such as space motion sickness, bone and muscle wasting, and orthostasis. Beginning with the Space Shuttle Program, dedicated space medicine and physiology missions were flown, which began to expand our knowledge of the potential effects—and hazards—of spaceflight. As we gain greater experience with long-duration spaceflight, it is hoped that countermeasures will be identified to mitigate many of the health concerns of space travel. Such work will be crucial for the conduct of interplanetary travel to Mars and beyond. With the possibility of the Chinese taking a significant foothold in space, a renewed sense of urgency regarding space medical research may emerge in the near future.

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7

Belokonov, I. V., A. V. Ivliev, A. M. Bogatyrev, A. A. Kumarin, I. A. Lomaka, and S. P. Simakov. "Selection of project structure for nanosatellite propulsion system." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2019-18-3-29-37.

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This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental research of a prototype of a propulsion system for periodical low-Earth orbit correction of research-and-educational nanosatellites. For that purpose, the prototype is to provide at least 20 m/s relative velocity for a 3U CubeSat with a mass not exceeding 4.5 kg. The personnel and environment safety were taken into account during testing and operation along with the ability to be launched as an associated payload by a “Soyuz”-series launch vehicle or from the ISS. An electro-thermal propulsion system (ResistoJet) was designed with “nonfreezing” mixture of ethanol and distilled water used as the working fluid. It is shown that a standard vehicle power system is capable of initiating one corrective thrust impulse per orbit with flight velocity change of about 0.1 m/s by introducing pulse energy storage units and allocating sufficient time for their charging in the flight profile. The propulsion system prototype was tested in atmospheric conditions. For that purpose shortened “atmospheric” nozzles were used. Testing was carried out using a zero-torque test-bench with high-speed cameras. The measured thrust value was in agreement with the calculated value of 44 mN.

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8

Martini, M., S. Dell’Agnello, D. Currie, G. O. Delle Monache, R. Vittori, S. Berardi, A. Boni, et al. "MOONLIGHT: A NEW LUNAR LASER RANGING RETROREFLECTOR AND THE LUNAR GEODETIC PRECESSION." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (December 17, 2013): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0746.

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Since the 1970s Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) to the Apollo Cube Corner Retroreflector (CCR) arrays (developed by the University of Maryland, UMD) supplied almost all significant tests of General Relativity (Alley et al., 1970; Chang et al., 1971; Bender et al.,1973): possible changes in the gravitational constant, gravitational self-energy, weak equivalence principle, geodetic precession, inverse-square force-law. The LNF group, in fact, has just completed a new measurement of the lunar geodetic precession with Apollo array, with accuracy of 9 × 10−3, comparable to the best measurement to date. LLR has also provided significant information on the composition and origin of the moon. This is the only Apollo experiment still in operation. In the 1970s Apollo LLR arrays contributed a negligible fraction of the ranging error budget. Since the ranging capabilities of ground stations improved by more than two orders of magnitude, now, because of the lunar librations, Apollo CCR arrays dominate the error budget. With the project MoonLIGHT (Moon Laser Instrumentation for General relativity High-accuracy Tests), in 2006 INFN-LNF joined UMD in the development and test of a new-generation LLR payload made by a single, large CCR (100mm diameter) unaffected by the effect of librations. With MoonLIGHT CCRs the accuracy of the measurement of the lunar geodetic precession can be improved up to a factor 100 compared to Apollo arrays. From a technological point of view, INFN-LNF built and is operating a new experimental apparatus (Satellite/lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility, SCF) and created a new industry-standard test procedure (SCF-Test) to characterize and model the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of CCRs in accurately laboratory-simulated space conditions, for industrial and scientific applications. Our key experimental innovation is the concurrent measurement and modeling of the optical Far Field Diffraction Pattern (FFDP) and the temperature distribution of retroreflector payloads under thermal conditions produced with a close-match solar simulator. The apparatus includes infrared cameras for non-invasive thermometry, thermal control and real-time payload movement to simulate satellite orientation on orbit with respect to solar illumination and laser interrogation beams. These capabilities provide: unique pre-launch performance validation of the space segment of LLR/SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging); retroreflector design optimization to maximize ranging efficiency and signal-to-noise conditions in daylight. Results of the SCF-Test of our CCR payload will be presented. Negotiations are underway to propose our payload and SCF-Test services for precision gravity and lunar science measurements with next robotic lunar landing missions. In particular, a scientific collaboration agreement was signed on Jan. 30, 2012, by D. Currie, S. Dell’Agnello and the Japanese PI team of the LLR instrument of the proposed SELENE-2 mission by JAXA (Registered with INFN Protocol n. 0000242-03/Feb/2012). The agreement foresees that, under no exchange of funds, the Japanese single, large, hollow LLR reflector will be SCF-Tested and that MoonLIGHT will be considered as backup instrument.

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9

Štefánik, Martin, and Peter Fedor. "Environmental stress in Parnassius apollo reflected through wing geometric morphometrics in a historical collection with a possible connection to habitat degradation." Nature Conservation 38 (March 18, 2020): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.38.48682.

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Monitoring climate changes and habitat degradation in threatened species without negative impact to the populations can pose a considerable challenge. A rare chance to test the morphological response of wing shape and size to environmental factors on the mountain Apollo (Parnassius apollo) collected from 1938 to 1968 at a single location – Strečno mountain pass, N Slovakia presented itself in a historical collection. The canonical variate analysis showed a significant shift from a narrower to broader forewing, with more extremes in either extra broad or narrow forewings in the post- 1960 population. Analysis of existing data was conducted to determine the possible factors affecting this change. Generally, the comparative statistics of temperature and precipitation to morphology of individuals and their fluctuating asymmetry showed no, or weak, correlations. Two extreme weather events (ECEs), identified using the historical weather data, show no correlation of wing morphology to these events. Although no strong correlations can be drawn in case of the available weather data and morphology, the results of this study can be connected to strong anthropogenic effects of a large-scale road development project taking place in the vicinity of the collection site starting in November 1959 causing changes in the available habitat and therefore a shift in the wing morphology.

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10

Garattini, M., S. Dell’Agnello, D. Currie, G. O. Delle Monache, M. Tibuzzi, G. Patrizi, S. Berardi, et al. "MOONLIGHT: A NEW LUNAR LASER RANGING RETROREFLECTOR INSTRUMENT." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (December 17, 2013): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0821.

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Since 1969 Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) to the Apollo Cube Corner Reflector (CCR) arrays has supplied several significant tests of gravity: Geodetic Precession, the Strong and Weak Equivalence Principle (SEP, WEP), the Parametrized Post Newtonian (PPN) parameter , the time change of the Gravitational constant (G), 1/r<sup>2</sup> deviations and new gravitational theories beyond General Relativity (GR), like the unified braneworld theory (G. Dvali et al., 2003). Now a new generation of LLR can do better using evolved laser retroreflectors, developed from tight collaboration between my institution, INFN–LNF (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati), and Douglas Currie (University of Maryland, USA), one of the fathers of LLR. The new lunar CCR is developing and characterizing at the “Satellite/Lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility” (SCF), in Frascati, performing our new industry standard space test procedure, the “SCF-Test”; this work contains the experimental results of the SCF-Test applied to the new lunar CCR, and all the new payload developments, including the future SCF tests. The International Lunar Network (ILN) research project considers our new retroreflector as one of the possible “Core Instruments”

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Books on the topic "Apollo Soyuz Test Project"

1

ill, Bond Higgins, ed. Handshake in space. Norwalk, Conn: Soundprints, 1998.

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2

Project Apollo: The test program. Burlington, Ont: Apogee Books, 2005.

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3

Tan, Sheri. Handshake in Space: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Soundprints, 1998.

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Tan, Sheri. Handshake in Space: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Soundprints, 1998.

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Tan, Sheri. Handshake in Space: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Soundprints, 1998.

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6

Dickson, Paul. Partnership: A NASA History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Dover Publications, Incorporated, 2011.

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Ezell, Linda Neuman, and Edward Clinton Ezell. Partnership: A NASA History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Dover Publications, Incorporated, 2013.

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Dickson, Paul. Partnership: A NASA History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Dover Publications, Incorporated, 2013.

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9

Handshake in Space: The Appollo-Soyuz Test Project. Soundprints, 2010.

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10

Tan, Sheri. Handshake in Space: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Smithsonian's Odyssey). Tandem Library, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Apollo Soyuz Test Project"

1

Thomas, Kenneth S., and Harold J. McMann. "Skylab and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project suit systems (1969–1975)." In U. S. Spacesuits, 239–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9566-7_9.

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2

Ayrey, Bill. "Skylab, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Program, and Other Development Suits." In Lunar Outfitters, 275–86. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066578.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the space suits used aboard the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Program flights and outlines their differences from the lunar mission suits. It includes details of advanced suits ILC worked on at the time in support of the future Space Shuttle missions NASA had on their drawing boards.

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3

"Skylab, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Program, and Other Development Suits." In Lunar Outfitters, 275–86. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16b787m.13.

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Phillips Mackowski, Maura. "Radiation and the Science of Risk Reduction." In Life in Space, 172–92. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402602.003.0007.

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Radiation as the ultimate limiting factor for human space exploration is discussed in this chapter, along with NASA’s success in maximizing its understanding through collaboration with other federal agencies. Radiation monitoring began during the Mercury program and continued with Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and collaborative Apollo-Soyuz, Shuttle-Mir, and space station research. Plants, animals, humans, and materials were studied in the space environment; early USAF and NASA test monkey populations were monitored; and data was collected from the military, the Department of Energy (DOE), and foreign space agencies. In spite of a few lost opportunities, notably LifeSat in the late 1980s, Johnson Space Center (JSC) was able to initiate the Bioastronautics Roadmap a decade later, accumulating data and planning risk reduction strategies for future space exploration.

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