Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aposematismus

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Aposematismus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aposematismus"

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Rojas, Bibiana, Janne Valkonen, and Ossi Nokelainen. "Aposematism." Current Biology 25, no. 9 (May 2015): R350—R351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.015.

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Camazine, Scott. "Olfactory aposematism." Journal of Chemical Ecology 11, no. 9 (September 1985): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01024116.

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Weldon, Paul J. "Chemical aposematism." Chemoecology 23, no. 4 (August 22, 2013): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-013-0140-3.

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Guilford, Tim, and Innes Cuthill. "Aposematism and bioluminescence." Animal Behaviour 37 (February 1989): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(89)90126-7.

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Caro, Tim, and Graeme Ruxton. "Aposematism: Unpacking the Defences." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34, no. 7 (July 2019): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.015.

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Marek, Paul, Daniel Papaj, Justin Yeager, Sergio Molina, and Wendy Moore. "Bioluminescent aposematism in millipedes." Current Biology 21, no. 18 (September 2011): R680—R681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.012.

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Holen, Øistein Haugsten, and Thomas Owens Svennungsen. "Aposematism and the Handicap Principle." American Naturalist 180, no. 5 (November 2012): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/667890.

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Härlin, Carina, and Mikael Härlin. "Towards a historization of aposematism." Evolutionary Ecology 17, no. 2 (March 2003): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1023047930360.

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Barnett, James B., Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, and Innes C. Cuthill. "Aposematism: balancing salience and camouflage." Biology Letters 12, no. 8 (August 2016): 20160335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0335.

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Aposematic signals are often characterized by high conspicuousness. Larger and brighter signals reinforce avoidance learning, distinguish defended from palatable prey and are more easily memorized by predators. Conspicuous signalling, however, has costs: encounter rates with naive, specialized or nutritionally stressed predators are likely to increase. It has been suggested that intermediate levels of aposematic conspicuousness can evolve to balance deterrence and detectability, especially for moderately defended species. The effectiveness of such signals, however, has not yet been experimentally tested under field conditions. We used dough caterpillar-like baits to test whether reduced levels of aposematic conspicuousness can have survival benefits when predated by wild birds in natural conditions. Our results suggest that, when controlling for the number and intensity of internal contrast boundaries (stripes), a reduced-conspicuousness aposematic pattern can have a survival advantage over more conspicuous signals, as well as cryptic colours. Furthermore, we find a survival benefit from the addition of internal contrast for both high and low levels of conspicuousness. This adds ecological validity to evolutionary models of aposematic saliency and the evolution of honest signalling.
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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Carrion-based plant aposematism: Do plants use visual carrion-based aposematism to deter herbivores?" Biochemist 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03605036.

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Insect carrion and trapped live insects are attached to the surfaces of many plant species that have sticky or hooked trichomes or are sticky following the exudation of latex or resin when wounded. Direct physical/chemical defences by trichomes, resins and latex are well known. In addition, such attached carrion is known to attract predators that indirectly defend the plants against further insect attacks. I propose that, in addition, the attached dead or trapped living insects may serve as billboards: (i) cueing visually to other herbivores that the plants are already occupied; and (ii) cueing and signalling them both visually and by rotting carrion or stress volatiles emitted from trapped insects that such plants are dangerous and even deadly. This is a type of an extended phenotype (via insect bodies and volatiles), ‘second-hand’ plant aposematism, based on non-self but still plant-associated signals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aposematismus"

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Guilford, T. "Aposematism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382678.

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Teichmann, J. "Models of aposematism and the role of aversive learning." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13431/.

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The majority of species are under predatory risk in their natural habitat and targeted by predators as part of the food web. Through the process of evolution by natural selection manifold mechanisms have emerged to avoid predation. As Fisher argued, it is the ubiquitous presence of anti-predator adaptations which shows that predation plays a significant role in the ecology and evolution of ecosystems. These ecosystems are intrinsically complex which derives from the high entanglement of organisms interacting in competitive relationships: the prey is part of the predator’s environment and vice versa. As a result, the evolution of predator and prey is best described as a co-evolutionary process of predator-prey systems. It is common to classify anti-predator adaptations into ‘primary defences’ and ‘secondary defences’. Primary defences operate before an attack by reducing the frequency of detection or encounter with predators. Secondary defences, which are used after a predator has initiated prey-catching behaviour, commonly involve the expression of toxins or deterrent substances which are not observable by the predator. Hence, the possession of such secondary defence in many prey species comes with a specific signal of that defence. This pairing of a toxic secondary defence and a conspicuous primary defence is known as aposematism. Previous models mainly focused on questions of the initial evolution of aposematism in ancestrally cryptic populations. However, the field has a renewed interest in questions beyond the initial evolution of aposematism such as: how conspicuous should a signal be, and how much should be invested into secondary defence? Moreover, which factors influence evolutionary stability of aposematic solutions. Within this context, the role of co-evolution and the mechanisms of aversive learning are at the heart of the current research. On the one hand, to explain stability and persistence of aposematic signals requires a theory of co-evolution of defence and signals. On the other hand, the role of the predator and details of the predator’s aversive learning process gained renewed interest of the field. As the selective agent, aversive learning is an important aspect of predator avoidance and of the co-evolution of predator-prey systems. In the first chapter, this thesis will review the literature on aposematism and introduce the different selective pressures acting on aposematic prey. The thesis will then identify open questions of interest around aposematism. In the second chapter the thesis will focus on the perspective of the prey. The introduction of a game theoretical model of co-evolution of defence and signal will be followed by an adaptation of the model for finite populations. In finite populations, investigating the co-evolution of defence and signalling requires an understanding of natural selection as well as an assessment of the effects of drift as an additional force acting on stability. In the third chapter the thesis will adopt the perspective of the predator. It will introduce reinforcement learning as an normative framework of rational decision making in a changing environment. An analysis of the consequences of aposematism in combination with aversive learning on the predator’s diet and energy intake will be followed by a lifetime model of optimal foraging behaviour in the presence of aposematic prey in the fourth chapter. In the last chapter I will conclude that the predator’s aversive learning process plays a crucial role in the form and stability of aposematism. The introduction of temporal difference learning allows for a better understanding of the specific details of the predator’s role in aposematism and presents a way to take the discipline forward.
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Rudh, Andreas. "Aposematism, Crypsis and Population Differentiation in the Strawberry Poison Frog." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175240.

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Evolutionary transitions between the two major predator avoidance strategies aposematism and crypsis are expected to be associated with changes in many important traits of animals. However, empirical studies on populations experiencing ongoing or recent transitions between these strategies are rare. This thesis investigates the co-evolution of traits among populations of the Strawberry poison frog D.pumilio in Bocas del Toro, Panama. I found that all investigated populations were genetically distinct but that colour and pattern did not correlate with genetic or geographic distance, which suggests that selection needs to be invoked to explain the observed variation. Based on the chromatic contrast between frog dorsal colour and the natural habitat substrates used by the frogs, the populations were defined as bright or dull coloured. I found that frogs from bright coloured populations were larger. This is expected if aposematism is enhanced by large signals while crypsis is enhanced by small size. Further, individuals from bright coloured populations had a coarser black dorsal pattern, which is expected if crypsis is impaired by a bold pattern. The importance of pattern coarseness was confirmed by an avian detection experiment showing that coarse patterned dark green prey were more easily detected than dark green prey without pattern or with fine pattern. I put forward the hypothesis that enhanced protection, gained by aposematism, may affect behaviours that influence dispersal and pairing patterns. Indeed, males from bright coloured populations displayed at more exposed sites and showed a tendency to be more explorative and aggressive. In summary, my results show that the bright and dull coloured populations most likely represent an aposematic and a cryptic strategy, respectively. Furthermore, I show that evolutionary changes between aposematism and crypsis can be associated with coevolution of both morphology and behaviour. I argue that this coevolution may increase the likelihood of both pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolation. This is because greater phenotypic differences between populations increase the likelihood of selection against badly adapted migrants and hybrids with intermediate traits.
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Oliveira, Filho Jaires Gomes de. "Uso de compostos repelentes produzidos por cães resistentes ao Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato para o seu controle em cães susceptiveis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8188.

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, the "brown dog tick", preferentially parasite the domestic dog, in the latter can parasite others mammals species including humans. This tick demonstrates a hunting behavior by its host, being widely attracted by the bark and the CO2 among other signs related to the presence of its hosts. Despite being commonly found parasite on dogs, it is known that some breeds such as beagles are less parasitic than other breeds like English Cocker Spaniel which can present a parasitic load about up to 11.5 times higher than mongrel dogs. It is notable a capacity of ticks and other arthropods in their hosts in relation to desirable or undesirable characteristics that can perceive these by means of chemoreception of volatile compounds emanated by these hosts. This adaptive tool is called olfactory aposematism. Olfactory apostotism is capable of an ectoparasite in avoiding its hosts through a perception of a volatile chemical emanated by it that signals a negative adaptive response to the arthropod. Usually this response may be linked to immune factors, excessive grooming, inaccessibility or other factors. One of the big problems nowadays undoubtedly is the control of ticks and diseases that are transmitted to their hosts during the blood repast. One of the alternatives for control of parasitism in order to deter ticks from the search for their hosts is a use of compounds found in resistant hosts that are interpreted by these arthropods as non-hosts. These compounds demonstrate a more specific activity between arthropod parasites and their hosts, since they were selected during an adaptation between species involved in this parasite-host relationship forging bases of parasite selection by susceptible and resistant hosts.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, também conhecido como “carrapato marrom do cão”, parasita preferencialmente o cão doméstico, no entanto pode parasitar inúmeras outras espécies mamíferas inclusive seres humanos. Este carrapato demonstra um comportamento de busca ativa por seu hospedeiro, sendo amplamente atraído pelo latido e pelo CO2 e outros sinais relacionados a presença de seus hospedeiros. Apesar de parasitar preferencialmente cães sabe-se que algumas raças como o beagle são menos parasitadas que outras raças como Cocker spaniel inglês que podem apresentar uma carga parasitaria cerca de até 11,5 vezes maior que cães mestiços. É notável a capacidade de carrapatos e demais artrópodes tem em selecionar seus hospedeiros em relação a características desejáveis ou indesejáveis que conseguem perceber destes, por meio da quimiorrecepção de compostos voláteis emanados pelos hospedeiros. A esta ferramenta adaptativa damos o nome aposematismo olfativo que é capacidade de um de parasito em evitar seus hospedeiros mediante a percepção de um químico emanado por este que sinalize uma resposta adaptava negativa ao artrópode. Geralmente esta resposta pode estar ligada a fatores imunes, excesso de grooming ou inacessibilidade ou demais fatores. Um dos grandes problemas na atualidade sem dúvida e o controle de carrapatos e doenças que são transmitem a seus hospedeiros durante o repasto sanguíneo. Uma das alternativas para o controle de parasitismo afim de dissuadir os carrapatos da busca por seus hospedeiros é uma utilização de compostos encontrados em hospedeiros resistentes que são interpretados por estes artrópodes como não hospedeiros. Estes compostos demonstram atividade mais especifica entre artrópode parasitos e seus hospedeiros, pois foram selecionados durante uma adaptação entre espécies envolvidas nesta relação parasitohospedeiro forjando bases da seleção de parasitos por hospedeiros suscetíveis e resistentes.
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Kazemi, Baharan. "Evolution of Mimicry and Aposematism Explained: Salient Traits and Predator Psychology." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148488.

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Aposematic species have evolved conspicuous warning signals, such as bright colors and striking patterns, to deter predators. Some edible and harmless species take advantage of this deterrent effect by mimicking their appearance. Mimicry is a great example of how natural selection produces remarkable adaptations. However, while some species evolve a very close similarity to their models to effectively avoid attacks, others are successful in doing so despite an incomplete similarity, i.e. imperfect mimicry. In some cases, it is surprising how such a crude disguise can fool predators. Why and how imperfect mimicry can persist has been much discussed and considered as a problem for the theory of natural selection. It is therefore of great interest to understand what makes it possible. Predator psychology is an important factor in the evolution of aposematism and mimicry. In the past decades it has been suggested that certain components of prey appearance are more important to predators than others during prey assessment. We developed this idea by incorporating concepts from associative learning, and presented a new approach to explain imperfect mimicry. Our general hypothesis is that prey traits have different salience to predators. Certain traits are perceived as highly salient and are thus used primarily in the discrimination and generalization of prey, while traits with low salience are overshadowed and not used in the assessment. The salience of a trait can depend on how conspicuous or discriminable it is in the particular context, and can vary due to for example previous predator experience. We tested our ideas with wild blue tits and domestic chickens as predators, and artificial and semi-natural prey stimuli. In paper I we found that the trait that was perceived as most salient (color) was the one used to discriminate and generalize between prey. Mimics of that specific trait were highly avoided, despite differences in the other traits. We also found that salience is relative and context dependent (paper II). In a context where two traits were perceived as similarly salient, mimicry of a single trait offered intermediate protection, while mimicry of both offered high protection. In another context, the traits were perceived differently salient, and mimicry of one trait was enough for high protection. In paper III we tested a proposed scenario for the initiation of mimicry evolution in the edible butterfly mimic Papilio polyxenes asterius to its noxious model Battus philenor. The results showed that a partial similarity with the model in the salient black wing color offered intermediate protection from attacks, despite a general dissimilarity. This thesis investigates the major questions of imperfect mimicry: the initial step of mimicry evolution, the persistence of imperfect mimicry, and variation in mimic-model similarity. We conclude that mimicry evolution can begin in a non-mimetic species that acquires similarity to a model species in a high-salience trait. When multiple traits have similar salience, multi-trait mimicry is needed for higher protection. Mimicry can remain imperfect if the differences are in traits with low salience, and therefore under low or no selection pressure to change. To complete the picture, we showed that predators can have a biased generalization toward a more pronounced version of a salient trait (paper IV). The evolution of aposematism could therefore be explained by gradual enhancement of salient traits.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Mann, Victoria. "The Characteristics of Aposematism and Noxious Spray in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752121.

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Skunk spray produced in the anal glands of the striped skunk can have extremely adverse effects on potential predators, who then learn to avoid provoking these animals in the future. Despite this spray being an extremely effective predator deterrent, few studies have assessed the molecular constituents found within striped skunk spray, and no studies have attempted to assess how important ecological factors could influence the strength of the spray. The goal of this study was to assess the honesty of striped skunk pelage and the influence of predation risk and life history on skunk musk by measuring the variation in the amounts of the major noxious chemicals of skunk spray, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifty-eight anal secretion samples and dorsal stripe images were collected from striped skunks from two separate locations differing in mammalian and avian predation risk. Overall, the findings of this study support the hypothesis that striped skunk spray and pelage whiteness varies more in areas with greater risk of predation by mammals, and anal secretion noxiousness is influenced by the skunk’s weight, sex, and reproductive state. The aposematic coloration exhibited by skunks as well as the defensive spray mechanism is largely influenced and selectively maintained by mammalian predation pressures.

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Flores, De Gracia Eric Enrique. "Early development and the honesty of aposematic signals in a poison frog." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8170.

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The causes and consequences of variation in aposematic signals during immature stages are not clearly understood. This thesis explores the effects of early environment on the expression of aposematic signals in the green and black poison frog (Dendrobates auratus), and the consequences of variation in such components in the wild. It also explores how aposematic expression relates to levels of chemical defences in immature froglets. Embryos and larvae of poison frogs in the genus Dendrobates are known to be darkly pigmented. This thesis reports for the first time polymorphism in egg pigmentation in D. auratus and ontogenetic colour change through development reverting to a normally pigmented phenotype; however whether this pigmentation results from constraints or has adaptive consequences remains unclear. Evidence on how immature individuals allocate resources to growth and warning signalling is scarce. Experimental results in this thesis show that food supply during early environment affected body size and signal luminance in post-metamorphic froglets. Therefore the relative importance of these traits in relation to predation risk was further tested, using artificial prey in a field experiment. The results indicated that rates of attack by birds correlated negatively with body size, and on the contrary survival of artificial prey was independent of signal luminance. I therefore tested the hypothesis that in the wild larger, relatively well-nourished juvenile frogs are chemically better defended. I found that in fact larger juveniles are at a selective advantage conferred by their greater foraging efficiency and their superior levels of chemical defences. Overall, these results shows plasticity in aposematic traits in relation to early environmental nutrition in D. auratus; and suggests that acquiring large body size and similar integument colour as to adults are key determinants for survival during the early stages of their terrestrial life.
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Paul, Sarah Catherine. "The price of defence : maternal effects in an aposematic ladybird." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25374.

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Offspring phenotype can be adaptively altered via maternal non-genetic inheritance. Such ‘maternal effects’ enable females to adjust their per offspring investment in response to variation in the offspring environment, and thus maximise their reproductive success. Consequently they play a pivotal role in population dynamics and the response of species to environmental change. Despite this, little is known about how maternal effects mediate reproductive investment in response to multiple or novel environmental changes, such as those driven by anthropogenic activity. I use the 2-spot ladybird intraguild predation system, where resources and predation risk are highly variable, to explore the role of maternal effects in the response of a native species to an invasive predator, as well as answering outstanding questions about how maternal effects function under complex and antagonistic sets of variables. The results indicate that it is unlikely that maternally mediated changes in egg phenotype will improve the survival of 2-spot ladybird offspring in the face of predation from larvae of the invasive harlequin ladybird. They do, however, demonstrate the importance of studying maternal effects in the context of the multiple environmental factors, which more accurately represent the complex environments in which organisms live and evolve, corroborating recent theoretical predictions. Finally I provide evidence of the multifaceted nature of parental effects in aposematic species and reveal the role that they may play in shaping the variation in defence and warning coloration observed in adult populations.
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Gonçalves, Nathalia Ximenes. "O papel da interação com presas e predadores na variação cromática de Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneidae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7756.

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The sensory drive theory predicts that signals, sensory systems, and signaling behavior should coevolve. Variation in the sensory systems of prey and predators may explain the diversity of color signals, such as color polymorphism. The spider Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneidae) possesses several conspicuous color morphs. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the color polymorphism of G. cancriformis may be maintained by pressure from multiple signal receivers, such as prey and predators with distinct color vision systems. In orb-web spiders, the prey attraction hypothesis states that conspicuous colors are prey lures that increase spider foraging success via flower mimicry. However, in highly defended species, conspicuous colors could also be a warning signal to predators. We used color vision modelling to estimate chromatic and achromatic contrast of G. cancriformis morphs as perceived by potential prey and predator taxa. To assess the role of prey, we conducted a prey capture experiment in the field, in which webs were assigned to four treatments: yellow, red, and black models, or no model. For each treatment, we counted the number of prey trapped on the webs and the calculated webs damaged area. To assess the role of predators on the evolution of conspicuous color patterns and polymorphism, we conducted a second field experiment, allocating yellow, red and black spider models in nylon threads along the vegetation, and observed the number of attack markings for each of them. Our results revealed that individual prey and predator taxa perceive the conspicuousness of morphs differently. Therefore, the multiple prey and multiple predator hypotheses may explain the evolution of color polymorphism in G. cancriformis. The results of prey capture experiment did not corroborate the prey attraction hypothesis nor the prey specific adaptation of color polymorphism. On the predation experiment, we found that black spider models presented more markings, which indicates that yellow and red models were less preferred, possibly suggesting that spider coloration may play a role on predator avoidance. Our results, however, do not corroborate the hypothesis that multiple predators influence polymorphism evolution. Color polymorphism in this species is possibly a multi-functional attribute, where some morphs benefits from aposematism, whereas others may alternative fitness advantages. Non-adaptive explanation should also be considered in future experiments of the evolution and maintenance of color polymorphisms.
A teoria de “sensory drive” prediz que sinais, sistemas sensoriais e comportamentos de sinalização devem coevoluir. Variação no sistema sensorial de presas ou predadores pode explicar a diversidade de colorações existentes e polimorfismos de cores. A aranha de teia orbicular Gasteracantha cancriformis apresenta padrões de coloração conspícuos e polimorfismo de cor. A evolução e manutenção de tal variação cromática pode ser influenciada por presas e predadorescom sistemas visuais diferentes, já que um mesmo morfo é percebido distintamente por potenciais presas e predadores. A coloração conspícua, entretanto, não se assemelha à coloração de flores. Tampouco influencia na captura de presas, visto que modelos dessa aranhas apresentaram números similares de presas nas teias. Portanto, ao contrário de outras aranhas de teia orbicular, para as quais a coloração chamativa é atribuída ao mimetismo floral, para G. cancriformis, esta hipótese não é corroborada. Os morfos amarelo e vermelho apresentam coloração típica de organismos aposemáticos e são conspícuos para a visão de uma ave. O morfo vermelho apesar de não ser conspícuo na visão de vespas, ainda assim poderia estar protegido de predação por camuflagem. Dessa forma, esses morfos poderiam ser mantidos na população devido à pressão de diferentes predadores, morfos vermelhos sinalizariam impalatabilidade para aves, enquanto morfos amarelos, para vespas. Porém, essas diferenças não foram observadas experimentalmente. Em campo, modelos pretos de aranha apresentaram mais marcas de predação do que modelos amarelos e vermelhos, também sugerindo que em G. cancriformis a coloração chamativa pode ser um sinal de advertência para predadores. Porém, a multiplicidade de predadores por si só não explica a variação cromática em populações dessa espécie de aranha. Consequentemente, o polimorfismo de cor em G. cancriformis pode ser uma característica multi-funcional, onde morfos não aposemáticos seriam mantidos nas populações devido a outras funções adaptativas, como camuflagem ou termorregulação.
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Briolat, Emmanuelle Sophie. "The form and function of warning signals in Lepidoptera, with a special focus on burnet moths (Zygaenidae)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31659.

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Many species use visual features to avoid predation by several methods, such as concealing themselves, deceiving predators and hindering capture. One of the most striking strategies is aposematism, or warning coloration, in which prey use conspicuous visual signals to advertise chemical or physical defences, and thereby deter predators from attacking. My thesis focuses on the form of these warning signals, namely which elements of visual patterns might be most effective in generating predator avoidance, as well as how these different visual features relate to defence levels and ultimately to prey survival in the wild. To address these issues, I studied the warning signals of Lepidoptera and in particular burnet moths (Zygaenidae: Zygaeninae), day-flying moths with distinctive red and black wings and the remarkable ability to both synthesise defensive compounds and sequester them from their host plants. Technological advances and a growing understanding of animal vision mean that animal signals can be studied in an increasingly precise and ecologically-relevant way. Throughout this thesis, I use sophisticated methods to quantify both the defensive chemicals and wing coloration of burnet moths, as perceived by their avian predators. I examine the key features of day-flying defended Lepidoptera, then focus on the potential for quantitative signal honesty in burnet moths. I explore the relationship between defence levels and measures of coloration, both within the six-spot burnet moth, Zygaena filipendulae, and across species in the Zygaenidae, then test the effects of variation in warning signals on predation risk for artificial burnet-like prey in the field. My work highlights some of the complicating factors that should be accounted for in the study of warning coloration, especially when investigating the potential for quantitative signal honesty. I hope my thesis will provide a basis for future research on the defensive strategies of day-flying moths and inspire others to pursue investigations into aposematism in the Zygaenidae.
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Books on the topic "Aposematismus"

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Komárek, Stanislav. Mimicry, aposematism and related phenomena: Mimetism in nature and the history of its study. München: Lincom Europa, 2003.

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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Aposematism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0007.

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Aposematism is the pairing of two kinds of defensive phenotype: an often repellent secondary defence that typically renders prey unprofitable to predators if they attack them and some evolved signal that indicates the presence of that defence. Aposematic signals often work to modify the behaviours of predators both before and during attacks. Warning coloration, for example, may increase wariness and hence improve the chances that a chemically defended prey is released unharmed after an attack. An aposematic signal may therefore first tend to reduce the probability that a predator commences attack (a primary defence) and then (as a component of secondary defence) reduce the probability that the prey is injured or killed during any subsequent attack. In this chapter we will consider both the primary and the secondary effects of aposematic signals on prey protection. We begin first by describing the common features of aposematic signals and attempting to show the wide use to which aposematic signalling is deployed across animals (and perhaps plants too). We then review the interesting evolutionary issues aposematic signals raise, including their initial evolution and their integration with sexual and other signals. We also discuss important ecological, co-evolutionary, and macroevolutionary consequences of aposematism.
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Ruxton, Graeme D., Thomas N. Sherratt, Michael P. Speed, and William L. Allen. Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry. Oxford University Press, 2018.

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Ruxton, Graeme D., Thomas N. Sherratt, Michael P. Speed, and William L. Allen. Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry. Oxford University Press, 2018.

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Komarek, Stanislav. Mimicry, Aposematism and Related Phenomena in Animals & Plants: Bibliography 1800-1990. Vesmir, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aposematismus"

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Winters, Sandra. "Aposematism." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_313-1.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Aposematism." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 109–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_23.

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Rojas, Bibiana, Ossi Nokelainen, and Janne K. Valkonen. "Aposematism." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2669-1.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde, et al. "Aposematism." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 239–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10307.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Olfactory Aposematism." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 113–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_24.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Gall Aposematism." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 213–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_43.

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Waldbauer, G. P. "Aposematism and Batesian Mimicry." In Evolutionary Biology, 227–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0931-4_5.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Plant Aposematism Involving Fungi." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 205–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_41.

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Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Experimental Evidence for Plant Aposematism." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 225–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_44.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde, et al. "Acoustic Aposematism (Clicking) by Caterpillars." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aposematismus"

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Nedved, Oldrich. "Polymorphism in ladybirds: Between thermal melanism, sexual selection, and aposematism." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93338.

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Wei, Chia-Hsuan. "The evolution of aposematism and chemical defense in Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95254.

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Dowdy, Nick. "Different strokes for different folks?: Can we distinguish sonar-jamming and acoustic aposematism in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)?" In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94254.

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