Academic literature on the topic 'App dependency'

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Journal articles on the topic "App dependency"

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Barry, D. B., and O. Delatycki. "The strain rate dependency of fracture in polyethylene: Fracture initiation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38, no. 2 (1989): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380215.

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Zhao, Xueyan, and Jürgen Pionteck. "Electrochemical performance of polydopamine modified PANI / rGO composites: Dependency on preparation sequence." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, no. 28 (2021): 50663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50663.

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Yang, Xiao, Cristina Tuinea‐Bobe, Ben Whiteside, Phil Coates, Ying Lu та Yongfeng Men. "Molecular weight dependency of β phase formation in injection‐molded isotactic polypropylene". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137, № 15 (2019): 48555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48555.

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Huang, Jan-Chan. "Probe dependency of segmental interaction parameters in copolymers by inverse gas chromatography." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 119, no. 2 (2010): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32739.

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Fukuhara, Mikio. "Temperature dependency of elastic moduli and internal dilational and shear frictions of polyetherimide." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, no. 3 (2003): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12717.

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Huang, Jan-Chan, and Rudolph D. Deanin. "Concentration dependency of interaction parameter between PVC and plasticizers using inverse gas chromatography." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91, no. 1 (2003): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13111.

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Itakura, Masanao, Keisuke Sato, Marina A. Lusenkova, et al. "Molecular weight dependency of refractive index increment of polystyrene determined by uniform oligomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 94, no. 3 (2004): 1101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21006.

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Huang, Jan-Chan. "Probe dependency of polymer-plasticizer and polymer-polymer interaction parameters in inverse gas chromatography." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 106, no. 6 (2007): 4110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26953.

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Maher, Andrew E., Catherine M. Ambler, Eric S. Powell, and Harry R. Allcock. "Dependency of thermal and mechanical properties on the composition of mixed-substituent poly(fluoroalkoxyphosphazenes)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92, no. 4 (2004): 2569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20223.

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Araki, Wakako, Daisuke Asahi, Tadaharu Adachi, and Akihiko Yamaji. "Time-temperature dependency of mode II fracture toughness for bisphenol A type epoxy resin." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 96, no. 1 (2005): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21358.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "App dependency"

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Ryczer-Dumas, Malgorzata. "Users’ agencies : juxtaposing public portrayals and users’ accounts of app-mediated cardiac arrest volunteer work in Sweden." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0024.

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Cette thèse adopte une perspective de recherche en sciences sociales pour examiner les usages de l'application SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), devenue Heartrunner, ayant pour objectif de solliciter des bénévoles à proximité de personnes presumées victimes d'un arrêt cardiaque extra-hospitalier. Cette étude de cas sur les usages de cette application médicale et de santé juxtapose les « portraits » publics de l'application, de ses utilisateurs potentiels, de leurs rôles actifs et de leurs pratiques d'usage et les témoignages des utilisateurs bénévoles. Cette analyse explore les dimensions des rôles actifs de l'application et de ses utilisateurs tels qu’ils sont délégués par les « portraits » de la technologie et tels qu’ils sont perçus par ses utilisateurs. Cette analyse rend visibles les aspects des rôles actifs et des pratiques des utilisateurs bénévoles au moment de la mise en œuvre de cette technologie dans deux premières régions, avant son adoption ultérieure dans d'autres régions de Suède ainsi qu’au Danemark. La perspective de la recherche médicale a jusqu'à présent dominé les études sur les applications de secourisme. Ces études ont évalué les résultats de l'usage de l'application par les bénévoles et se sont concentrées sur l'examen de l'efficacité de ces applications, par des indicateurs tels que le nombre d'utilisateurs arrivés sur place et le nombre de ceux qui ont participé à la réanimation des personnes victimes. Dans le même temps, ces travaux ont contribué à la construction de discours prometteurs et à des approches instrumentales appliquées pour comprendre les significations et les usages des applications médicales et de santé. En revanche, en s'appuyant sur l'analyse discursive et thématique du matériel de recherche qualitative, cette thèse cherche à mettre en évidence les perspectives des utilisateurs dans leur co-construction de la technologie de secourisme à travers leurs pratiques d'usage de l'application. Par une approche théorique socio-matérielle, elle explore de manière critique les rôles actifs des utilisateurs tels qu'ils sont délégués par les discours des développeurs du projet, des gestionnaires et des évaluateurs de cette technologie médicale et tels qu'ils sont négociés par les utilisateurs dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Cette thèse examine tout d'abord les « portraits » de l'application publiés en ligne, de ses utilisateurs et de leurs rôles actifs, mais aussi dans les pratiques de recrutement des utilisateurs et enfin dans une publication de recherche médicale évaluant cette technologie de secourisme. Ensuite, la thèse examine comment les bénévoles décrivent les motifs de leur décision de devenir usagers de l’application, le contexte social de leurs décisions et les significations qu'ils attribuent à leurs pratiques. Troisièmement, la thèse examine comment les récits des bénévoles, en juxtaposition avec les « portraits » en ligne de la technologie SMSlifesaving, représentent les pratiques d'usage de l'application par les bénévoles aux differentes étapes: avant la réception des notifications les informant des cas d'arrêts cardiaques, au moment de la réception de ces notifications, et après leur acceptation.Contribuant au champ de la recherche sociale critique sur les applications médicales et de santé, la thèse met en relief que les utilisateurs de l'application SMSlifesaving et les technologies qu'ils co-construisent ont des rôles actifs. Elle illustre les rôles actifs délégués et négociés par les utilisateurs ; ces derniers lorsqu'ils surmontent les dépendances quotidiennes de l'application et mesurent l'importance de leur travail bénévole, par l’intermédiaire de leur usage de l’application, par rapport à leur travail rémunéré et à leurs engagements de vie privée, développent un engagement consciencieux envers l'application et redéfinissent les promesses médicales de l'application pour les personnes victimes et leurs familles<br>This thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families
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Rocha, Joana Fernandes da. "Understanding APP-dependent neuronal differentiation." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7389.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecular<br>Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a type 1 membrane protein that suffers proteolytic cleavages and has been implicated in roles such as cell adherence, survival, migration and differentiation. Although a role in neuritogenesis has been attributed to APP, some contradictory results have been reported regarding the benefits of knocking-down or overexpressing APP. Further, while the addition of the APP proteolytic sAPP (secreted APP) fragment to the cell medium enhances neuritogenesis, the amount of cellular APP and other APP fragments may be deleterious for this process. Further, preliminary work from the Neuroscience laboratory of the Center for Cell Biology indicated that pAPP (APP phosphorylated at the S655 residue) can potentially be crucial in APPmediated neuronal differentiation, for example by increasing APP cleavage to its biological fragment sAPP or APP binding to specific signal transducers. In this work, the capacity of APP and pAPP to mediate neuronal differentiation was tested, in the initial period of retinoic acid (RA)-induced SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. These neuroblastoma cells are a well documented neuronal-like cell model used in neuronal differentiation studies. Several molecular tools were used, including wild-type and phosphomutants APP-GFP. The evaluation of differentiation included neuritogenic output analysis by bright field and epifluorescence microscopy, using various approaches. Namely scoring the number of differentiated cells and performing morphometric analyses of transfected cells and of the all cellular population. The levels of APP and medium secreted sAPP, and of cytoskeleton-related proteins and posttranslational modifications, such as MAP2, Acetylated Tubulin and Actin were also quantified by Western blot analysis, and related to the morphological parameters. Additionally, the potential role of AICD in APP-mediated neuronal differentiation was inferred from pharmacologic assays, where its generation is inhibited. Together the results obtained show that APP, sAPP and AICD modulate neuritogenesis in a complex and well-ordered manner. While long-term increases in APP can be detrimental to neuronal-like differentiation, in an AICD-dependent manner, short-term increases benefit this process in an APP S655 phosphorylation dependent manner, potentially involving sAPP secretion and specific cytoskeleton rearrangements.<br>A Proteína Precursora de Amilóide de Alzheimer (PPA) é uma proteína membranar tipo 1 sujeita a processamento proteolítico que tem sido associada a funções como adesão celular, sobrevivência, migração e diferenciação. Apesar de lhe terem sido atribuídas funções na neuritogénese, os dados experimentais obtidos até à data que envolveram modulação dos níveis da PPA revelam-se contraditórios. De facto, enquanto a adição do fragmento PPA secretado (PPAs) ao meio celular favorece a neuritogénese, a quantidade de PPA celular e de outros fragmentos da PPA poderão já não constituir um benefício para este processo. Adicionalmente, dados preliminares do laboratório de Neurociências do Centro de Biologia Celular sugerem que a PPAp (PPA fosforilada na S655) poderá ser fundamental na diferenciação neuronal mediada pela PPA, nomeadamente por aumentar a proteólise da PPA a PPAs ou a ligação da PPA a sinais de transdução específicos. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a capacidade da PPA e PPAp em mediar o período inicial de diferenciação neuronal induzida por ácido retinóico. Para tal recorreu-se a células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, um modelo celular do tipo neuronal bem estabelecido para estudos de diferenciação. Adicionalmente, várias ferramentas moleculares, como PPA-GFP selvagem e fosfomutantes foram usadas. A avaliação da diferenciação incluiu a análise de vários parâmetros neuritogénicos por microscopia de luz (de campo claro e de fluorescência), nomeadamente monitorização de células diferenciadas e análises morfométricas das células transfectadas e da população geral. Os níveis de PPA e PPAs, e de proteínas relacionadas com citosqueleto e suas modificações pós-traducionais (MAP2, Tubulina Acetilada e Actina) também foram quantificados. Além do mais, a influência do DIP na diferenciação neuronal dependente de PPA foi avaliada usando um composto farmacológico para inibir a sua produção. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos demonstram que a PPA, PPAs e DIP modulam a neuritogénese de um modo complexo e ordenado. Enquanto a indução de níveis altos de expressão de PPA (48h) podem ser detrimentais para a diferenciação tipo-neuronal, de uma forma dependente de DIP, induções mais breves (24h) beneficiam este processo de um modo dependente da fosforilação na S655, potencialmente envolvendo a secreção de PPA e rearranjos específicos do citosqueleto.
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Huang, Alice. "Calcium-sensing Receptor Mediated Control of CYP27B1 Promoter-dependent Gene & Protein Expression: Complex Extracellular Ca2+ Concentration Dependence." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20127.

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Changes in extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) differentially modulate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase (1αOHase; encoded by CYP27B1) mRNA and protein levels in cell types including the renal proximal tubule (inhibitory), parathyroid, and skeletal osteoblasts (stimulatory) to control 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis. We hypothesised that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediated Ca2+o concentration-dependent control of 1αOHase, either directly through Ca2+o, or through the local production of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP). To investigate promoter activity, I transfected a firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of the 1501 bp human CYP27B1 promoter into HEK-293 cells that stably expressed the CaSR (HEK-CaSR cells) and measured luciferase activities from cells exposed to various Ca2+o concentrations. CYP27B1 promoter-controlled luciferase expression exhibited a biphasic Ca2+o-dependent response in luciferase activity and protein that peaked with a 2-fold increase from basal levels at around 3.0 mM Ca2+o in HEK-CaSR cells. This response was absent in HEK-293 cells and was shifted to the left or right in the presence of the CaSR positive allosteric modulator, cinacalcet, or negative allosteric modulator, NPS-2143, respectively, indicating that both the stimulatory and inhibitory phases were CaSR-mediated. Firefly luciferase and 1αOHase mRNA levels obtained from quantitative RT-PCR exhibited a monophasic Ca2+o-dependent increase and suggests that the stimulatory phase arises from increased mRNA expression, whereas the inhibitory phase arises from reduced protein levels. Inhibitor and mutational studies suggested that the stimulatory phase was dependent on Gq/11 signalling, whereas the inhibitory phase requires MEK and PKC-dependent phosphorylation of the crucial T888 site of the CaSR's C-terminal tail.
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Paz, Sandra Isabel Moreira Pinto Vieira Guerra e. "Phosphorylation-dependent Alzheimer's Amyloid precursor protein (APP) targeting." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4629.

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Doutoramento em Biologia<br>A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma das doenças neurodegenerativas mais comuns, e apresenta uma incidência mundial de 2-7% em indivíduos com mais de 65 anos e de cerca de 15% em indivíduos acima dos 85 anos de idade. Apesar da sua etiologia multifactorial, há uma correlação bem descrita entre esta patologia e um peptídeo neurotóxico denominado Abeta. Este peptídeo deriva fisiológica e proteoliticamente de uma glicoproteína transmembranar com características de receptor: a Proteína Percursora de Amilóide de Alzheimer (PPA). As possíveis funções fisiológicas da proteína PPA, o seu destino e vias de processamento celulares, conjuntamente com possíveis proteínas celulares que com ela interajam, são assim tópicos de interesse e objectos de investigação científica mundial. Neste contexto tem sido amplamente descrito o envolvimento do processo de fosforilação de proteínas, uma importante modificação pós-transducional que regula muitos e variados acontecimentos intracelulares, na regulação do processamento da PPA. Apesar do exposto, muito pouco é conhecido acerca da fosforilação directa da própria PPA. Esta proteína possui na sua estrutura primária sequências consenso para fosforilação, quer no seu ectodomínio quer no seu domínio intracelular, já descritas como sofrendo fosforilação “in vitro” e “in vivo”. O resíduo Serina 655 pertence a um motivo funcional da APP, 653YTSI656, que forma um sinal de internalização e/ou de “sorting” basolateral. Este domínio é também o local de ligação para a APPBP2, uma proteína que interage com os microtubulos da célula. Embora ainda mal elucidados, os mecanismos pelos quais a fosforilação proteica regula o processamento da PPA parecem incluir uma alteração no tráfego desta proteína, sugerindo que o domínio fosforilável 653YTSI656 desempenha um papel importante nesse processo. Esta dissertação visou assim contribuir para elucidar o papel da fosforilação directa da molécula de APP, mais especificamente no seu resíduo Serina 655, na regulação do direcionamento e tráfego subcelular da proteína, e nas suas possíveis clivagens proteolíticas. De forma a respondermos a essas questões desenvolvemos um modelo experimental para seguir o tráfego intracelular, que usa uma combinação de biologia molecular, técnicas de microscopia de epifluorescência e técnicas de cultura celular. Os resultados obtidos implicam este resíduo como um sinal de direcionamento subcelular da proteína APP, e revelam como o redireccionamento desta proteína por fosforilação favorece um tipo de processamento não amiloidogénico desta. Adicionalmente, a fosforilação do resíduo Serina 655 parece possuir um papel regulador da actividade da PPA como molécula de transdução de sinais. As implicações destas observações na DA e em novas aplicações terapêuticas para a doença são subsequentemente discutidas.<br>Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting individuals worldwide with an incidence of 2-7% of post-65 and 15% of post-85 years old. This disease is multifactorial in its etiology but central to its pathology is a neurotoxic peptide termed Abeta. This peptide is physiologically derived by a proteolytic process on the transmembranar Alzheimer’s Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Protein phosphorylation-dependent APP processing has been widely described and although the mechanisms involved remain far from clarified, alterations in APP trafficking seem to occur as part of the answer. Furthermore, the occurrence of consensus phosphorylation sites in the APP intracellular domain has been known for long, but little was known regarding the direct phosphorylation of APP. Efforts in unravelling the role of these domains are finally being successful in placing them as key control points in APP targeting and processing. Among these consensus sequences, the less studied 653YTSI656 motif forms a characteristic internalisation and/or basolateral sorting signal sequence, and is known to be the binding site for a microtubuleinteracting protein (APPBP2). Phosphorylation of this motif was thus suggested to be involved in APP targeting regulation, hitherto all attempts failed to confirm it or even to reveal substantial evidences. In this project, the role of the 653YTSI656 idomain, and in particular the phosphorylatable serine 655, in APP trafficking and proteolytic processing was studied. In order to address this question a new experimental methodology was developed, which coupled molecular biology, fluorescence imaging, and cell culture techniques. APP point mutants, mimicking serine 655 phosphorylatedand dephosphorylated-status, and tagged with the green-fluorescent protein, were used to study protein trafficking dynamics and processing. Results obtained place serine 655 phosphorylation as a key signal in APP sorting and targeting to specific subcellular locations. Also of high relevance was the observed implication of serine 655 phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism that maybe involved in controlling APP function as a signal transducer. The implications of these observations in AD pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches are discussed.<br>FCT - PRAXIS XXI/BD/16218/98<br>FCT - POCTI/BCI/34349/1999<br>Project DIADEM, QLK3-CT- 2001/02362<br>Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian<br>Fundação Astrazeneca
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Chaput, Dale. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Investigation of APP-Dependent Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5921.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia affecting the elderly, and as the aging population increases the social and economic burden of AD grows substantially. Pathological hallmarks of AD include the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), as well as significant neuron loss. Amyloid plaques consist of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, which is generated from the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in addition to several other peptides. While the processing of APP has been characterized, its primary physiological function and its involvement in AD pathology are poorly understood. Developing a greater understanding of the function of APP, and the molecular and cellular functions it is involved in or other proteins it is associated with, could provide insight into its role in AD pathology. To investigate the function of APP695, the neuronal isoform of APP, we used mass spectrometry to compare changes in protein expression and phosphorylation between APP-null B103 and APP695-expressing B103-695 rat neuroblastoma cells. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become a powerful technique for the unbiased identification of proteins from complex mixtures. Quantitative proteomics using labeling techniques, such as stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), allow relative quantitation of multiple samples at once. More recently, with advances in mass spectrometer technology, label-free quantitation has become a reliable quantitative proteomics approach. Additionally, mass spectrometry can be used for the analysis of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, a dynamic modification involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. Phosphoproteomics identifies site-specific phosphorylation and surrounding sequence information, which can be used for consensus motif analysis to provide further information about potential changes in kinase activity. Identifying changes in phosphorylation and kinase activity also provides information about signaling pathways and functions that may be affected by APP695 expression. Comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic datasets can be used to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that may be regulated by APP695 expression, or involved in AD progression and pathology, leading to the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies for AD. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of B103 and B103-695 cells identified several significant protein expression and phosphorylation changes that may be mediated by APP695-expression. Global-scale proteomic analysis identified increased expression of Ras and ƴ-synuclein in B103-695 cells, which was further validated in human AD brain tissue. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed increased phosphorylation of Histone H4 at Ser47, and led to the investigation of PCTAIRE-2 (Cdk17), and PCTAIRE-3 (Cdk18) expression, which were all shown to be increased in AD transgenic mouse tissue, culture primary rat neurons treated with Aβ, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD human brain tissue. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used for the analysis of human brain tissue from the cortex of individuals affected by AD, MCI, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) compared to cognitively normal, control samples. A number of differentially expressed proteins were identified in AD, MCI, PD, and PSP tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of the comprehensive proteomic datasets from AD, MCI, PD, and PSP human brain tissue identified several proteins consistent with corresponding disease pathology and neurodegeneration, such as inflammatory proteins. While some of the molecular and cellular functions were unique among neurodegenerative diseases, there also appears to be overlap of affected functions, suggesting there may be a more common mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Haji, Md Sum Hisham. "Educational dependency : a case study on Brunei Darussalam." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335887.

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Braithwaite, Joanne. "Magnetic field and temperature dependence of semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842949/.

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The work described in this thesis investigates the effect of modifying the band structure in order to reduce the threshold current and its temperature sensitivity in 1.55mum InGaAsP/InP lasers. The threshold current, amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and lasing wavelength of a bulk InGaAsP laser have been measured in strong magnetic fields up to 14 Tesla, over the temperature range 70 - 240 K. A study of the effect of a magnetic field, B, on the shape of the amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and the rate at which the amplified spontaneous and lasing spectra shift with B, confirms the formation of a quantum wire-like density of states distribution in the conduction band. At high temperature (T ~ 210 K), the value of the measured threshold current in the presence of an applied 14 T magnetic field, is 18% less than that measured with no applied magnetic field. However, at low temperature (T ~ 70 K), the value of Ith measured in the presence of 14 T is 20% greater than that measured with no applied magnetic field. As a result, the temperature sensitivity of In,, denoted by the characteristic temperature T0' is increased from 75 K to 97 K. To investigate the threshold current behaviour, theoretical calculations of gain and spontaneous emission spectra were carried out as a function of B and T. Results from these calculations provide, for the first time, a physical explanation for the surprising experimental observations, revealing that there are two competing effects caused by an increase in the band-edge density of states of a quantum wire laser, namely: (i) The differential gain is increased, which tends to decrease Ith. (ii) The transparency carrier density is increased, which tends to increase Ith. Thus, depending on the magnitude of the gain required to reach threshold, Ith either increases or decreases as a result of an increase in the DoS at the band edge. Hence, if the volume of the laser active region remains constant, introducing further degrees of carrier confinement (i.e. changing the DoS distribution from that of a bulk laser to that of a quantum wire) increases T0' however, it does not necessarily reduce Ith, as first anticipated. Conversely, it is found that modifying the band structure by introducing compressive strain into the active region results in a reduction of Ith but no significant improvement in To. Spontaneous emission spectra emitted from a window etched into the substrate of a compressively strained InGaAsP multi-quantum well laser have been measured as a function of temperature and analysed to reveal information on the temperature dependence of the gain and Auger recombination. In the compressively strained device measured, experimental results suggest that the temperature dependence of the gain is not a dominant factor in directly determining the measured To, but instead, affects the temperature sensitivity indirectly through the non-radiative Auger recombination current, (via the temperature dependence of the threshold carrier concentration, nth (T)). Theoretical calculations suggest that the temperature dependence of nth in this device, is close to that of the case of an ideal quantum well, i.e. nth, T; implying that the differential gain does not show an enhanced temperature dependence, as postulated by other authors. The measured To can be accounted for by the Auger current alone, with a contribution from the temperature dependence of the Auger coefficient, C(T), and also from nth(T). The Auger activation energy was determined from two different methods of analysis and found to be ~ 70 meV, which suggests band-to-band Auger recombination remains a significant loss process in the strained laser investigated.
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Emmett, David William. "An investigation of the role of cognitive style as a mediator of eyewitness memorial performance." Thesis, University of East London, 2003. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3554/.

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Six separate experiments were conducted to investigate the role of Field Dependency (FDI) in determining the susceptibility of eyewitnesses to context reinstatement (CR); their performance in free, cued, and multi-choice recall, and facial identification accuracy; and finally the confidence expressed before and after performing these tasks, and the confidence accuracy relationship (C/AR). Questions were also addressed in relation to the measurement scale status of confidence ratings and the validity and utility of the Calibration / Resolution techniques for analysing the C/AR. Experiments I & II focussed on FDI and CR susceptibility, together with accuracy in free recall, cued recall, and recognition. Experiments III & IV focused on FDI, CR, and recognition. Experiment IV also utilised the Calibration / Resolution technique. Experiment V used a computer presented format to focus on FDI and recognition through simultaneous and sequential line-ups presented upright and inverted. Experiment VI included multi-choice recall testing along with free and cued recall and focussed on FDI, CR, and both correct and incorrect information produced. Experiments I, II, & VI indicated that Field Dependent (FD) participants benefited significantly from CR whilst Field Independent (FI) participants did not. FIs consistently outperformed FDs in cued recall. Experiment VI indicated that for FDs CR in free recall increased correct information and decreased erroneous information, leading to a significant improvement in the 'quality' of the information produced. In cued recall, however, correct information produced by FIs was greater than that produced by FDs and erroneous information lower, leading to a significant difference between FDs and FIs in the 'quality' of cued recall produced. Experiments III and IV indicated a significant superiority in facial recognition for FDs as compared to FIs across time delays of one week and three months in filled line-ups but not in blank. The explicit encoding format and upright and inverted lineups used in experiment V indicated a role for both attentiveness to others and configural processing in the superiority of FDs seen in experiments HI & IV. Results across experiments I, II, and VI indicated that confidence was significantly higher following a free recall test than when assessed at other points during recall testing. In experiment III, IV, & V confidence ratings were higher following exposure to the line-up than confidence ratings given before exposure. Results across all six experiments in relation to the C/AR show a marked level of inconsistency, however the use of the calibration / resolution techniques in experiment IV indicated a level of over-confidence on the part of FIs and underconfidence on the part of FDs that is in keeping with the personality aspects of FDI. In experiment VI the same techniques in relation to cued recall indicate a degree of overconfidence for 'easy' questions and under-confidence for 'hard' questions and point to a new approach to the investigation of the role of 'item difficulty' in determining the C/AR. Overall, the thesis argues that cognitive style is an important factor in predicting when context reinstatement will be beneficial, who will perform better in different recollection and recognition tasks, and how confidence will relate to accuracy.
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Togher, Paul. "The temperature dependence of the gain in semiconductor lasers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/774153/.

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The work presented in this thesis is involves two distinct topics. The first area is the main theme of the thesis, and is an investigation of the contribution made by the gain to the temperature sensitivity of long wavelength semiconductor lasers. The second topic is in a separate but related area and consists of an experimental determination of the valence band deformation potential, b, whose magnitude is found to be in good agreement with theoretical prediction. The thesis first presents an overview of the equipment used in the measurements, followed by a review of the available methods for making gain measurements on semiconductor lasers. It is concluded that the Hakki-Paoli method, in conjunction with the Cassidy method, provides the most suitable technique, but the measurement system must be very carefully set up to ensure valid results. The gain-current relationship is then measured in three quantum well lasers with 1.55μm tensile, compressive and unstrained active region respectively, and in two 1.3μm devices, with tensile and compressive quantum wells. It has been observed experimentally that the modal gain, G, varies linearly with the log of the drive current, I, in many quantum well lasers. This relationship was expressed by McIlroy as G= Go in011/0 ). It has been suggested that the strong temperature sensitivity of the threshold current in long wavelength lasers is due to strong temperature dependence of the gain characteristics. We show that the Go parameter is virtually independent of temperature in the 1.5μm devices studied, close to that expected for an ideal laser, while the 1.3μm lasers depart from the ideal case to some degree. The 1.54m devices all have a characteristic temperature, To, of = 70K, in good agreement with what would be expected if non-radiative phonon assisted Auger recombination, with an activation energy of 25meV, dominates the current. The lower To values in the 1.3μm devices of 42K and 50K respectively are consistent with an additional temperature dependence of the differential gain above that predicted in an ideal laser. In both cases it is concluded that Auger recombination makes the dominant contribution to the temperature sensitivity. In the second topic considered, photo voltage measurements are used to determine the energy splitting of the light hole and heavy hole valence subbands in a set of tensilestrained lasers. Using these measurements it is shown that a theoretical model, using the interpolated strain deformation potential determined by Krijn, gives good agreement with experiment.
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Alam, Sadaf Sakina. "Determination of gp120 & Trx80 dependent production of hydrogen peroxide in cell free & cell-dependent systems." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2621.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen specie (ROS), is most commonly associated with oxidative stress causing cytotoxic effects on living cells. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In addition H2O2 is produced as a defense mechanism against pathogens, as being released by activated phagocytes. In recent years, H2O2 has become established as an important regulator of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. Hydrogen peroxide is generated both intracellularly and extracellularly in response to various stimuli including cytokines and growth factors. There are different mechanisms by which H2O2 is generated, facilitating signal transduction in cells; through NOX-system in miyochondria, via singlet oxygen, receptor/ligand interaction or by redox active metal ions. The HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is associated with HIV dementia and it is known as a neurotoxin that causes neuronal damage. It has been proposed that free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis caused by gp120. In addition the truncated form of thioredoxin (Trx80) is known to stimulate HIV replication in HIV infected cells, however, the exact mechanism is not known. A possible way both proteins may mediate their activity is by inducing H2O2 production. The aim of this study was to investigate H2O2 production induced by the proteins gp120 and Trx80. In order to detect H2O2 production an assay based on the fluorescent compound Amplex Red, was established. The assay was used to detect H2O2 released by gp120 and Trx80 in a cell-free environment, in a cell-system and in the presence of metal ions (copper ions) with a physiological reductant (ascorbate). We did not detect H2O2 production induced by gp120 and Trx80 respectively, using our assay, however, other ROS such as hydroxyl radicals may have been generated although they were not detectable with our method. Hence, further studies are needed in order to fully understand how gp120 and Trx80 mediate their activity.
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Books on the topic "App dependency"

1

Sutherland, Jason. Assessment of the responsiveness of P-glycoprotein promoters to cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Laurentian University, 2002.

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Amirkhizi, Alireza, Jevan Furmanski, Christian Franck, Karen Kasza, Aaron Forster, and Jon Estrada, eds. Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials & Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17457-5.

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Gannon, Brian R. Dominant inhibition of cyclic AMP - dependent protein kinase in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: Effects on multidrug resistance. Laurentian University, 1997.

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Amirkhizi, Alireza, Jacob Notbohm, Nikhil Karanjgaokar, and Frank W. DelRio, eds. Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86737-9.

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Krolczyk, Arkadiusz Jacek. The role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in the regulation of chloride secretion from the human colonic carcinoma cell line, Caco2. National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Acp Intro to Chem Dependency Treatment - Howard Cc. Brooks/Cole, 2013.

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No Need For Weed Understanding And Breaking Cannabis Dependency. Hindsight Publishing, 2008.

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Saaty, Thomas L. Decision making for the new millenium: ANP software for dependence and feedback. [Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh], 1999.

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Greenberg, Steven Mark. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and long-term memory in Aplysia. 1987.

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Gürakar, Esra Çeviker. Politics of Favoritism in Public Procurement in Turkey: Reconfigurations of Dependency Networks in the AKP Era. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "App dependency"

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Duffield, Matthew. "Dependency Injection." In Practical App Development with Aurelia. Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3402-0_5.

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Ugurlu, Tugberk, Alexander Zeitler, and Ali Kheyrollahi. "Dependency Resolution." In Pro ASP.NET Web API. Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4726-5_14.

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Wojcieszyn, Filip. "Dependency Injection." In ASP.NET Web API 2 Recipes. Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5981-7_9.

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Mandt, Tobias. "Conclusion & Outlook." In Dependence in Buyer-Supplier Relationships. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24252-7_6.

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Lopatin, Ben. "Mixed dependency support." In Django Standalone Apps. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5632-9_15.

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Carmona, René. "Dependence & Multivariate Data Exploration." In Springer Texts in Statistics. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8788-3_3.

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Lu, Linyuan, Austin Mohr, and László Székely. "Quest for Negative Dependency Graphs." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4565-4_21.

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Arroyo, Christopher. "Dependency & Domination: Gender & Kant’s Practical Sexual Ethic." In Kant’s Ethics and the Same-Sex Marriage Debate - An Introduction. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55733-5_5.

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Basile, Grazia. "Synonymy and Contextual Dependence." In Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12543-0_3.

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Lorenz, Kuno. "19. Intentionality, and its language-dependency." In Pragmatics & Beyond Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbcs.1.27lor.

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Conference papers on the topic "App dependency"

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Kurt, Cem, Kubra Onbasli, Alphan Sennaroğlu, Havva Yagci Acar, and Mehmet Cengiz Onbasli. "Nanoparticle concentration dependence of photothermal therapy of cancer." In Active Photonic Platforms (APP) 2024, edited by Ganapathi S. Subramania and Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3027625.

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Qin, Aoxiang, Minghua Shen, and Nong Xiao. "Operation Dependency Graph-Based Scheduling for High-Level Synthesis." In 2025 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993042.

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Winaya, Ferdinand, and Abba Suganda Girsang. "Negation Handling on XLNet Using Dependency Parser for Sentiment Analysis." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10913246.

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Khan, Abdul Moeed, and Mehdi Bagheri. "Minimizing Grid Dependency and EV Charging Costs with PSO-Based Microgrid Energy Management." In 2024 IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ewdts63723.2024.10873746.

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Liu, Wei, Chu Yan, Xinwei Yu, Yiming Qu, Wenchao Yan, and Yi Zhao. "Frequency-Dependent Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) Behavior and Physical Study in Gate Oxides." In 2024 IEEE 17th International Conference on Solid-State & Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsict62049.2024.10832010.

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Haehnlein, Stefan, Jan Philipp Degel, Christian Kloeffer, and Martin Doppelbauer. "Angle Dependent Current Control Algorithm for Electrical Motors." In 2025 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iemdc60492.2025.11061056.

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Ganesan, Adarsh. "Transition from Negative to Positive Parametric Dependence in Phononic Frequency Combs." In 2024 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation & Intelligent Computing (MoSICom). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mosicom63082.2024.10881816.

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Ghosh, Shreyasee, Kantipudi VVSR Chowdary, and Subrat Behera. "Modelling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery with Thermal Dependence." In 2025 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics: Developments & Applications (ICIDeA). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icidea64800.2025.10962970.

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Zhou, Weidong, Chunhe Xia, Nan Feng, Xinyi Pan, Tianbo Wang, and Xiaojian Li. "AIDE: Attack Inference Based on Heterogeneous Dependency Graphs with MITRE ATT&CK." In 2024 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom63139.2024.00075.

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Wang, Dong, Kunji Rao, and Beihe Pan. "Enhanced Weighted Dependency Graph Algorithm for Multi-Robot Path Planning Based on Conflict Search." In 2024 6th International Symposium on Robotics & Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (ISRIMT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isrimt63979.2024.10875153.

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Reports on the topic "App dependency"

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Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, Daniel Oviedo, and Lynn Scholl. Can Ride-Hailing Services Reduce Car Ownership?: Lessons from 3 Latin-American Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005220.

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App-based ride-hailing is no longer a new transportation phenomenon. Yet much remains unknown about its influence on user behaviors associated with the decarbonization of urban mobility, such as the reduction of car dependency and car ownership. This knowledge gap stands in contrast with efforts in the literature to understand whether ride-hailing substitutes or complements public transit, or the determinants of its adoption. Against this backdrop, this study interrogates the role of app-based ride-hailing on attitudes and perceptions about private car-based mobilities in three large Latin American metropolitan areas. The paper builds on survey data of representative samples of both users and non-users to explore the influence of ride-hailing over the perceived need of owning private vehicles and the likelihood of purchasing or selling a private vehicle. The paper uses logistic regression models to empirically explore how ride-hailing changes the perceived necessity of car ownership, pinpointing different effects between cities and groups of current car users and non-users. Moreover, our results suggest that individuals who use ride-hailing more frequently are also more likely to believe it can reduce their need for personal car ownership. Findings in this paper hold significant potential for policy and regulation in a region marked by uncertainty regarding the optimal approach to regulate app-based services to foster more sustainable urban mobility. It contributes to ongoing debates about the role of app-based mobilities in the transition to low-carbon transportation, particularly in Latin American cities.
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Brown, Jenny, Abby Wyers, and Allison Aldous. Groundwater-dependent Biodiversity & Associated Threats: Main Report. The Nature Conservancy, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.02232122.

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Brown, Jenny, Abby Wyers, and Allison Aldous. Groundwater-dependent Biodiversity & Associated Threats: Detailed Methods. The Nature Conservancy, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.02232237.

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Weerasinghe, Ananda P. Stochastic Control Problems for Processes with Long-Range Dependence & Internet Traffic. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545731.

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Wojciechowski, M. J. Recherche et développement dans le secteur des minéraux. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331554.

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Canada has the potential for good long-term development of its mineral resources, and needs to maintain a competitive position for crude minerals in export markets. Therefore, Canada should strongly support the mineral exploration and mining sectors. This conclusion is reinforced by the finding that most of the other countries in this study, which represent much of the world's mining technology and mining education expertise, are in or are approaching the decline phase of their mining industries' life cycles. They are also dependent on imported crude minerals, and are turning their R&amp;amp;D focus away from primary resources towards substitution and efficiency in the use of raw materials. This pattern of R&amp;amp;D focus is not appropriate for Canada, although it is in fact being followed. Canada should stress R&amp;amp;D in extractive metallurgy with a special emphasis on environmental and health aspects and on conservation of energy. This can give Canada a comparative advantage in smelting and refining over the United States and Western Europe, where the cost pressures resulting from dependence on raw materials and energy and from environmental controls make such R&amp;amp;D investments relatively unattractive. Canada should make special efforts to compensate for and reduce the negative effects of the prevalent separation of scientists and engineers from management and formulators of public policy. These three initiatives, if adopted, should help Canada to realize the benefits of its mineral endowment, to keep its mineral sector viable for the long term, to take advantage of opportunities arising from the decline of the primary mineral sectors in other countries, and to avoid being le ft potential. behind by newly emerging countries with mineral The views expressed in this report and in the background study are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Centre for Resource Studies and its sponsors, or of The Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET).
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Woodhouse, Derek. Modelo de bases de licitación para una Asociación Público-Privada (APP). Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009730.

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El presente documento es un modelo general de bases de licitación para otorgar un título de concesión o para adjudicar un contrato bajo el esquema de proyecto de prestación de servicios de largo plazo y deberá adecuarse considerando, entre otros aspectos: (i) quién será la autoridad convocante; (ii) el tipo de proyecto que se va a desarrollar; y (iii) si se otorgará o no el derecho a utilizar algún terreno propiedad del Estado, o de la entidad o dependencia, etc. Las bases modelo admiten adecuaciones y/o modificaciones. La contraprestación a cargo de la autoridad contratante, el procedimiento de pago y demás mecanismos deberán ajustarse al tipo de proyecto y preferencias o restricciones administrativas del caso concreto.
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Verma, Mithlesh. Indian Municipal Finance 2023. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/imf11.2023.

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This study examines decadal time-series data from 33 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of varying sizes across India. The analysis reveals persistent challenges, including high dependence on Inter-Governmental Transfers (IGTs), fluctuations in tax revenue, and limited spending on Operations and Maintenance (O&amp;M). Capital expenditures are primarily driven by program-based IGTs, prompting a reevaluation of strategies to enhance own revenue mobilization. The study emphasizes the link between revenue efforts and O&amp;M, advocating for improved current spending to sustain existing infrastructure and support new investments
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Vincena, Stephen. Final report for Species mix & distribution function dependence of energetic-ion driven magnetospheric instabilities on DIII-D. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2279013.

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Yibchok-anun, Sirintorn, and Wara Panichkriangkrai. The role of arginine vasopressin in diabetes-associated glucagons secretion. Chulalongkorn University, 2002. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2002.63.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on glucagons secretion in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan HCI(200 mg/kg). Both glucagon and AVP were determined in the effluent of the perfused pancreas using radioimmunoassay. Diabetic rats had higher baseline glucagons concentrations than normal rats. AVP (1 pmol/L) failed to change glucagons secretion in normal rats, but significantly increased glucagons secretion in diabetic rats. AVP (10-100 pmol/L) increased glucagons secretion from both normal and diabetic rats in a concentration dependent manner. However, diabetic rats were more sensitive to AVP administration than normal rats with regard to glucagon secretion. By comparison of the areas under the curves, the glucagons secretion induced by AVP in diabetic rats was ~2-fold that of the normal rats. In addition, we determined whether AVP was secreted from the pancreas. Immunoreactive AVP was detected in the effluent of the perfused pancreas, and diabetic rats had 2-fold higher AVP concentrations in the pancreatic effluent than normal rats. We conclude that AVP is secreted from the pancreas and diabetic rats secrete more AVP from the pancreas than normals. Consequently, AVP may have a greater impact on glucagons secretion in diabetic rats than normals. AVP might play an important role in the hypersecretion of glucagons, a hyperglycemic hormone, in diabetic animals.
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Yibchok-anun, Sirinthorn, Wijit Banlunara, and Sirichai Adisakwattana. Antidiabetic effects, mechanisms of of p-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 2008. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2008.81.

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p-Methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) is a cinnamic acid derivative that shows various pharmacologic actions such as neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. To examine the insulinotropic activity of p-MCA, the perfused rat pancreas and a pancreatic β-cell line, INS-1 were used in the studies. P-MCA increased insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas and INS-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, p-MCA increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) in INS-1 cells. The p-MCA-induced insulin secretion and rise in [Ca²⁺]i were markedly inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺ or in the presence of an L-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker, nimodipine. These results suggested that p-MCA increased Ca²⁺ influx via the L-type Ca²⁺ channels. Diazoxide, and ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel opener, did not alter p-MCA-induced insulin secretion, nor [Ca²⁺]i response. In addition, p-MCA enhanced glucose and glyburide-induced insulin secretion and it also potentiated the increase in insulin secretion and a rise of [Ca²⁺]i induced by KCI-and Bay K 8644, an L-type Ca²⁺ channel. Furthermore, p-MCA increased cyclic AMP content of INS-1 cells and enhanced the increase of cyclic AMP content induced by an adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin; however, p-MCA failed to enhance the effect of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Taken together, our results suggested that p-MCA stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by increasing Ca²⁺ influx via the L-type Ca²⁺ channels, but not through the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. In addition, p-MCA may increase cyclic AMP content by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. P-MCA was a potent competitive inhibitor against yeast α-glucosidase However, it had no inhibitory activities on mammalian α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In the acute toxicity test, oral administration of p-MCA (100-2000 mg/kg) produced neither mortality nor significant differences in blood chemistry analysis when compared to the control group, which was fed with sunflower oil. In addition, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes of brain, pancreas, heart and lung were observed.
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