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Academic literature on the topic 'Appareil respiratoire – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Appareil respiratoire – Modèles mathématiques"
Sarni, Lynda. "Interconnexion des modèles cardiovasculaires et respiratoires en vue d'une utilisation en E. A. O." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30284.
Full textEgloffe, Anne-Claire. "Etudes de quelques problèmes inverses pour le système de Stokes : Application aux poumons." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066641.
Full textIn this work, we are interested in the resolution of some inverse problems arising from a multi-scale modeling of the airflow in the lungs. As a first step, we focus on a simplified model of the airflow in the lungs: we consider the incompressible Stokes equations with Robin boundary conditions on a part of the boundary. We want to identify the Robin coefficient defined on this non accessible part of the boundary from measurements of the velocity and the pressure available on another part of the boundary. We first prove quantification results for the unique continuation property for the Stokes system, then we establish two logarithmic stability inequalities, one valid in dimension 2 and the other one valid in any dimension. Both are based on Carleman estimates, global in the first case and local in the second one. Our stability estimates are first established for the stationary problem and the semigroup theory allows to deduce from the stationary case stability estimates for the non-stationary problem. Moreover, under the a priori assumption that the Robin coefficient is piecewise constant, we provide a Lipschitz stability estimate for the stationary problem. We conclude by coming back to the initial model which involves non-standard boundary conditions with the flux. In particular, we obtain encouraging first numerical results concerning the identification of some parameters of the model
Devys, Anne. "Modélisation, analyse mathématique et simulation numérique de problèmes issus de la biologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10087/document.
Full textWe investigate four models coming from biological contexts. The first one concerns a model describing the growth of a population of tumors. This model leads to a McKendrick–Von Foerster equation : a conservation law with a non–local boundary condition. We prove the existence and unicity of a solution, then we study, using the general relative entropy, its asymptotic behavior. We provide numerical simulations using WENO scheme. The second part concerns the modelisation of the respiration. First we study the air flux in the bronchial tree using a mulstiscale model. The system present non–usual dissipative boundary conditions. The numerical scheme we use is based on a decomposition idea that reduce the system to the resolution of Stokes problems with standard Dirichlet–Neumann conditions. Then, we propose a model concerning the gas exchanges bringing to light the heterogeneity of the absorption of oxygen along the bronchial tree. The third part concerns the MAPK cascade in Xenopus oocytes. The modelisation leads to an equation of KPP type. A mathematical study shows the existence of travelling waves. Then we provide a detailed numerical study of the system. Finally, the last part, concerns the system of Patlak–Keller–Segel 1D after blow–up. The mathematical study provide a description of the system after blow–up, based on the notion of default meausure. Then we propose a numerical scheme, adopting the optimal transport viewpoint and allowing to simulate the system after blow–up
Zerrari, Abdelghani. "Étude expérimentale du dépôt de particules sphériques et fibreuses dans un modèle des voies respiratoires." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPS140.
Full textThis work fits into a research program on the deposit of fibrous particles in a pulmonary pattern with several branching. The first step consisted in elaborating a manufacturing method of a bronchial pattern according to WEIBEL's one. For the aeraulic study, we undertook to carefully study the characteristics of the outflow in inspiratory and expiratory phases for the instantaneous flows usually used in pulmonary ventilation. A DISA anemometric line allowed us to draw not only the speed profiles but also cards of turbulence rates. In the following step, we elaborated a method of measurement of compact particles deposit. The measures of deposit permitted to check and improve the laws of deposit by sedimentation and impact proposed in the literature. From a local deposit point of view, we have shown that these mechanisms of particles stops usually used in aerosol physics are not sufficient. This problem was settled starting from the quantitative description of the outflow and communing these mechanisms with a contribution due to the local turbulence of the outflow. In case of fibres, the measures of weight and fractional outputs show that the deposit is favoured for the weak flows, contrarily to speric particles. Moreover, the deposit probability is a complex function of the geometrical characteristics of the fibre
Bousqué, Isabelle. "Étude de la respiration racinaire : conséquences de l'asphyxie racinaire sur la culture du blé." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT017A.
Full textMarin, Grégory. "Modélisation de données cliniques de grande dimension : application aux pathologies respiratoires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20011/document.
Full textThis thesis outlines new statistic methods devoted to clinical and medical applications, dealing more precisely with respiratory diseases. Our goal was to model and analyze high-dimensional clinical data, often heterogeneous, and collinear. A clinical state of the art of asthma diagnosis and bronchial hyperreactivity was first stated, before proposing a first statistical application, which took the shape of multiple regression models. This type of models is particularly tricky when treating high-dimensional collinear data, which is why the other chapters are an enhancement of this first model. Firstly, a non-supervised hierarchical classification was carried out and applied to air trapping quantification. A Partial Least Square regression model was also executed, allowing prediction of one or more variables from a set of X variables, which allowed us to highlight the impact of age on small airway impairment. Finally, a fractal analysis was performed, in order to quantify the geometrical and spatial complexity of a CT scan image into a single value. This kind a prospective methodology, where the statistics are directly involved in the clinical work, represents a brand new tool which can help medical diagnosis
Chauveau, Romain. "Modélisation multiparamètre du phénomène d'adsorption : détermination du temps de percée des cartouches de masques à gaz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0233/document.
Full textActivated carbon is the sorbent used in respirator cartridges to purify breathing air by adsorbing organic vapors. Owing to an important microporous structure, the activated charcoal features a high specific area efficient to capture toxic compounds by adsorption. Predicting service life time of respirator cartridges to protect users working in a polluted atmosphere is a mission of the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité. The Wheeler-Jonas approach, provided with a suitable equilibrium model, is a worldwide used equation to get service life times of respirator cartridges exposed to a constant flow of dry air polluted by a single volatile organic compound (VOC). While this model has been improved in recent years, it does not adequately describe the behavior of the cartridges in the presence of moisture or copolluant. The present study aims to build a numerical model to describe dynamic adsorption of single volatile organic compounds and mixtures with or without relative humidity in the air. Single water vapor adsorption has been modeled on a coaled fixed-bed, it provides a useful description of water adsorption on activated carbon and the impact of water on the service life time of a respirator cartridge. Numerous experiments have been realized to get equilibrium data of single VOCs and mass transfer constants to describe diffusion of adsorbates through micropores. Indeed, these data have been implemented in the model to describe adsorption of mixtures. Additional experiments have been realized to study coadsorption of organic vapors and dynamic adsorption of a single VOC in presence of humidity. The results are compared with simulations to appreciate the pertinence of the model. The present work provides solutions tailored to the complexity of the subject
Vielle, Bruno. "Etude d'un modèle dynamique de la fonction respiratoire chez l'homme : applications à la stabilité de la respiration et aux inégalités ventilatoires." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE0002.
Full textMontandon, Gaspard. "Conséquences à long terme de la caféine administrée en période néonatale sur le développement du contrôle respiratoire du rat : étude des plasticités du contrôle respiratoire, de la fonction cardiovasculaire et de la régulation du sommeil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25709/25709.pdf.
Full textCannavo, Patrice. "Variations saisonnières des activités respiratoire aérobie et dénitrifiante dans la zone non saturée du sol : expérimentation sur une parcelle agricole du Comtat Venaissin et modélisation." Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG0030.
Full textNitrate (NO3-) groundwater contamination, in addition to greenhouse gases emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are crucial environmental and agronomic problems. The goal of this work was to characterize during a 7-months period C and N dynamics coupled to microbial activities in the vadose zone, emphasizing notably the interest in taking into account the existing biological processes in the deep vadose zone. Thus, a soil profile situated in an arable field in the Comtat Venaissin (Velleron, 84) was studied. The vadose zone (almost 2. 5 m thick) was equipped for water, heat, solute and gas fluxes measurements, during an inter-cropping period, from corn harvesting and tillage with incorporation of maize residues (end of October 2001), to the next sowing (beginning of May 2002). Microbial analysis were performed in order to follow (1) the aerobic respiratory and denitrifying potential activities, and (2) heterotrophic and denitrifying micro-organisms. Results showed the strong environmental factors influence (rainfall, soil temperature, NO3- content, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quality) on microbial activities. In the deep vadose zone, the NO3- content was a limiting factor for the denitrifying activity, and the DOC quality was in part responsible of the aerobic respiratory activity seasonal variations. The biogeochemical processes, which occurred during the field experiment, were satisfactorily simulated by the PASTIS model. The addition of a new module for gas transport using the dusty gas theory allowed us to estimate correctly CO2 and N2O concentrations in the soil. The comparison model-experiment suggests to study the following elements: (1) to take into account the soil structure and to work at the aggregate scale, (2) to study the soil freezing effect on zymogenous biomass behaviour, and (3) to take into account the enzymatic activity, notably the N2O reductase enzymatic activity. These elements are really important in order to perform C and N amounts reaching the groundwater