Relevant bibliographies by topics / Apparent competition

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Apparent competition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Holt, Robert D., and Michael B. Bonsall. "Apparent Competition." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 48, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022628.

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Holt, Robert D., and Burt P. Kotler. "Short-Term Apparent Competition." American Naturalist 130, no. 3 (September 1987): 412–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284718.

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Bonsall, Michael B., and Robert D. Holt. "Apparent Competition and Vector-Host Interactions." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 56, no. 3-4 (May 6, 2010): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.56.3-4.393.

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Infectious disease influences the dynamics of host populations and the structure of species communities via impacts on host demography. Species that share infectious diseases are well-known to interact indirectly through the process of apparent competition, but there has been little attention given to the role of vectors in these indirect interactions. Here we explore how vector-borne disease and host-vector interactions can drive apparent competitive interactions. We show that different facets of the ecology associated with vector-host-host interactions affect the structure of the three-species assemblage. Crucially, the patterns associated with invasion of alternative hosts, the spread of the infectious disease by the vector, and the dynamics of the community interactions are influenced by the mode of transmission. We highlight the role of alternative hosts on disease amplification, dilution and magnification and discuss the results with reference to recent developments in apparent competition and community structure.
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Bonsall, M. B., and M. P. Hassell. "Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages." Nature 388, no. 6640 (July 1997): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/41084.

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Schreiber, Sebastian J., and Vlastimil Křivan. "Holt (1977) and apparent competition." Theoretical Population Biology 133 (June 2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2019.09.006.

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Stenberg, J. A., and P. A. Hambäck. "Host species critical for offspring fitness and sex ratio for an oligophagous parasitoid: implications for host coexistence." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 6 (July 14, 2010): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000143.

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AbstractIn theory, inferior apparent competitors sharing a natural enemy with superior apparent competitors should be excluded in the absence of stabilising factors. Nevertheless, plentiful examples of coexisting apparent competitors exist. In this paper, we show that parasitoid resource competition within hosts affects both parasitoid sex ratio and female body size, with implication for population growth and apparent competition between the two closely related hosts experiencing a strong asymmetry in their interaction. While the superior competitor delivers parasitoids with higher fitness to the shared parasitoid pool, the inferior competitor delivers a higher proportion of female parasitoids. Hence, the inferior host experience an inflow of fit parasitoids from the superior competitor, which should increase the risk of exclusion, but also an outflow of parasitoid females, which should reduce the risk of exclusion and increase stability. We conclude that differential outcomes of parasitoid resource competition in different host species may have profound effects on shared parasitoid populations and should be included in future studies of apparent competition between hosts.
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Abrams, Peter A., Robert D. Holt, and James D. Roth. "APPARENT COMPETITION OR APPARENT MUTUALISM? SHARED PREDATION WHEN POPULATIONS CYCLE." Ecology 79, no. 1 (January 1998): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0201:acoams]2.0.co;2.

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Muller, C. B., and H. C. J. Godfray. "Apparent Competition between Two Aphid Species." Journal of Animal Ecology 66, no. 1 (January 1997): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5964.

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Wodarz, Dominik, and Akira Sasaki. "Apparent competition and recovery from infection." Journal of Theoretical Biology 227, no. 3 (April 2004): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.11.027.

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DeCesare, N. J., M. Hebblewhite, H. S. Robinson, and M. Musiani. "Endangered, apparently: the role of apparent competition in endangered species conservation." Animal Conservation 13, no. 4 (December 3, 2009): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00328.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Merrill, Katherine Temus. "Apparent Competition with Bromus tectorum Through Pyrenophora semeniperda Reduces Establishment of Native Grasses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2956.

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Contributing to the success of Bromus tectorum in the Intermountain West may be a mechanism called apparent competition, which occurs when one species increases the pressure of a consumer on a second species. This indirect interaction has been documented only a few times in invasive plant systems, and never in a fungal pathosystem. We examined the effects of the invasive annual Bromus tectorum and predation by the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda on seedling emergence and survival for two native grasses (Pseudoroegneria spicata and Elymus elymoides), by manipulating B. tectorum densities and P. semeniperda inoculum loads in randomized plots. Identical field studies were conducted in Skull Valley, Utah (xeric site) and Sprague, Washington (mesic site). The addition of inoculum decreased emergence of native grass seedlings at both sites and increased the amount of unemerged native seeds that were killed by P. semeniperda. Higher densities of B. tectorum decreased native grass survival at the mesic site and increased survival at the xeric site probably due to the beneficial effects of B. tectorum litter on soil moisture. At both sites, there were more B. tectorum seeds found in the seed banks in plots with high B. tectorum densities than in low-density plots. This indicates an increase in available prey for P. semeniperda. There was a much lower level of infection in B. tectorum seed bank seeds at the mesic site than at the xeric site. The high level of ungerminated native seeds killed by background levels of P. semeniperda, combined with the increase in available prey for the fungus in high-density B. tectorum plots, shows that apparent competition may play a role, along with direct competition, in the success of B. tectorum. This interaction is important to consider when dealing with control of B. tectorum.
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Cooney, Feargus, Emma I. K. Vitikainen, Harry H. Marshall, Rooyen Wilmie van, Robert L. Smith, Michael A. Cant, and Nicole Goodey. "Lack of aggression and apparent altruism towards intruders in a primitive termite." ROYAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622495.

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In eusocial insects, the ability to discriminate nest-mates from non-nest-mates is widespread and ensures that altruistic actions are directed towards kin and agonistic actions are directed towards non-relatives. Most tests of nest-mate recognition have focused on hymenopterans, and suggest that cooperation typically evolves in tandem with strong antagonism towards non-nest-mates. Here, we present evidence from a phylogenetically and behaviourally basal termite species that workers discriminate members of foreign colonies. However, contrary to our expectations, foreign intruders were the recipients of more rather than less cooperative behaviour and were not subjected to elevated aggression. We suggest that relationships between groups may be much more peaceable in basal termites compared with eusocial hymenoptera, owing to energetic and temporal constraints on colony growth, and the reduced incentive that totipotent workers (who may inherit breeding status) have to contribute to self-sacrificial intergroup conflict.
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Teixeira, Alves Mickael. "Des interactions indirectes entre les proies : modélisation et influence du comportement du prédateur commun." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833242.

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Cette thèse a pour objet la modélisation de systèmes multi-proies-prédateurs. Elle s'intéresse particulièrement à l'influence du comportement d'un prédateur sur les interactions indirectes entre ses proies, i.e. l'effet de l'ajout d'une proie sur la densité des autres. La théorie classique prédit l'occurrence d'effets indirects négatifs entre les proies, ou compétition apparente, résultant de l'interaction avec un prédateur commun ; des résultats plus récents identifient certains mécanismes à même d'atténuer ces effets négatifs. Nos travaux revisitent les hypothèses autour de ces mécanismes dans des systèmes composés de deux proies et de leur prédateur commun. Après avoir fixé le cadre écologique en rappelant les principaux types d'interactions directes et indirectes, nous introduisons les modèles proies-prédateurs classiques. Les travaux se concentrent ensuite sur une famille de modèles présentant de la densité-dépendance négative chez les prédateurs couplés à différentes modélisations du comportement des prédateurs lorsqu'ils sont confrontés à plusieurs types de proies. Nous montrons notamment que les interactions entre ces mécanismes peuvent inverser la compétition apparente et, contre intuitivement, accroître la densité des proies par l'intermédiaire d'un prédateur commun. Nos résultats trouvent pour partie application en lutte biologique, où il est courant de chercher à favoriser les auxiliaires en aménageant leur environnement (apport de nourriture alternative, refuge, ...). Ils suggèrent que de telles pratiques peuvent se révéler contre-productives, le contrôle des ravageurs pouvant être affaibli du fait d'une distraction de leurs prédateurs.
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Lucero, Jacob Elias. "Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), Native Grasses, and Small Mammals in the Great Basin: a Test of the Apparent Competition Hypothesis Facilitated by a Novel Method of Decanting Seeds from a Flotation Solution." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3405.

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The effect of shared enemies between invasive and native species has been argued to facilitate biological invasions (i.e., the apparent competition hypothesis or ACH). This study investigated a previously untested possibility: whether granivorous small mammals facilitate cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion by driving food-mediated apparent competition between cheatgrass and native grasses. Specifically, we tested three predictions that must be true if such apparent competition occurs. First, cheatgrass invasion augments total seeds available to granivorous small mammals. Second, density of granivorous small mammals increases in response to increased seed availability (simulated with experimental additions of cheatgrass seeds). Third, granivorous small mammals prefer seeds from native grasses over cheatgrass seeds. We tested these predictions in the Great Basin Desert of Utah, USA. Cheatgrass invasion augmented total yearly seed production. Granivorous small mammals preferred native seeds over cheatgrass seeds. However, neither abundance, richness, nor diversity of granivorous small mammals increased in response to experimental additions of cheatgrass seed. We therefore conclude that granivorous small mammals did not drive food-mediated apparent competition during the study period. The lack of support for the ACH in this study may suggest that the role of small mammal-driven apparent competition is either unimportant in the Great Basin, or that the appropriate indirect interactions between small mammals, cheatgrass, and native grasses have yet to be evaluated. Testing the third prediction required the separation of seeds from the soil matrix. We employed a chemical flotation methodology to recover target seeds from soil, and developed a novel method of decanting target material from the flotation solution. We compared the utility of the novel method to that of a traditional decantation method. Specifically, we compared effectiveness (the proportion of seeds recovered from a known sample), rapidity (the time required to decant that sample), efficiency (the number of seeds decanted per second), and recovery bias (the effect of relative density on seed recovery) between methods. Our proposed method was more effective, more rapid, more efficient, and less biased than the traditional method. Therefore, any future work relying on flotation to analyze seed banks should clearly describe how samples are decanted and should consider the proposed method as a potential means of enhancing the efficiency of chemical flotation.
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Simpson, Mary. "Competition Among Domestic Apparel Manufacturers." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4175.

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Apparel manufacturing characterizes a sustainable means of creating employment and encouraging economic growth; however, 86% of U.S. apparel manufacturing companies and 74.7% in North Carolina have closed since the late 1990s. Less than 3% of apparel bought in the United States is domestic. The purpose of this case study was to explore the strategies used by American apparel manufacturing business leaders who produce competitive products using Porter's diamond theory as the conceptual framework. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 4 business leaders from an apparel manufacturer that had been in business a minimum of 5 years in North Carolina. Member checking and transcript review were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Data were coded using a qualitative analysis software. Coded data were analyzed to identify themes. The results led to 3 major themes: technology, time, and brand development. The findings revealed that apparel manufacturing business managers used technology to produce competitive apparel products by owning the fiber, fabric, and technologies in the apparel products and shortened lead-times to the retailer. New knowledge from this study could contribute to social change through improved opportunities for apparel workers, improved business strategies among apparel manufacturing business leaders, and increased demand for apparel products produced in the United States. The findings from this study may also contribute to positive social change by potentially increasing business prospects for apparel manufacturers, suppliers, auxiliary businesses, thereby increasing revenue in North Carolina and the United States.
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Östergård, Hannah. "Plant-seed predator interactions – ecological and evolutionary aspects." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Botany, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7537.

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Plant-animal interactions are affected by both abundance and distribution of interacting species and the community context in which they occur. However, the relative importance of these factors is poorly known. I examined the effects of predator host range, environmental factors, host plant populations, plant traits and fruit abortion on the intensity of pre-dispersal seed predation in 46 host populations of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. I recorded damage by beetle pre-dispersal seed predators, mainly Apion opeticum and Bruchus atomarius with different host ranges on L. vernus as well as on two additional host plants. Local seed predator population size was mainly influenced by plant population size, current seed production and beetle population size in the previous year, but was not strongly affected by connectivity. The monophagous seed predator was less abundant and had lower densities than the oligophagous. Both predator species had a strong ability to track fluctuations in seed production; intensity of predation increased with relative increases in seed production. Oligophagous predation on L. vernus increased with the abundance of alternative hosts, but presence of L. vernus did not affect predation on alternative hosts. Abundances and trait preferences differed among three co-occurring seed predators, but were also associated with the abundance of the other species. Overall, seed predation influenced selection on flower number. I found clear indications of seed predator offence but no obvious plant defence. The pattern of fruit abortion was associated with reduced plant fitness since the seed predator had an advanced ability to locate fruits with high probability of retention. Taken together, different factors influencing abundance of the seed predator species, different preferences, and context dependent trait selection are likely to result in complex spatio-temporal variation in overall seed losses and trait selection in the common host plant.

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Romeo, C. R. "PARASITES AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: ALIEN GREY SQUIRREL (SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS) AND NATIVE RED SQUIRREL (S. VULGARIS) AS MODEL SYSTEM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232973.

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Parasites may play an important role in biological invasions through two main mechanisms: enemy release and apparent competition. First, alien species may lose part of their parasite fauna during the introduction process and this release from natural enemies may enhance their performances in the new range. Furthermore, parasites may mediate the competition between alien and native species: invaders may transmit alien parasites to naive native species (spillover) or acquire local parasites, increasing their environmental abundance and their impact on native hosts (spillback) and/or altering the pre-existent host-parasite dynamics. In this study, I investigate the above-mentioned processes, using native Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) and North American Eastern grey squirrels (S. carolinensis) introduced to Italy as a model system. First, I conducted a broad survey of the macroparasite fauna of native red squirrels over a wide geographic area and across different habitats. My results show that the native sciurid has a naturally poor parasite community, likely a consequence of both its arboreal habits and its isolation from other congeners. Both parasite richness and diversity are indeed low, especially for gastro-intestinal helminth fauna, dominated by a single nematode species, the oxyurid Trypanoxyuris sciuri. This finding highlights that the species may be particularly vulnerable to parasite spillover from the alien congener and other invasive species. A parallel survey on the macroparasite fauna of grey squirrels was carried out to detect whether the alien host lost, acquired or introduced to Italy any parasite species. Through this investigation I demonstrated that grey squirrels lost part of their parasite fauna during the introduction process and, although they acquired some European parasites, their number does not compensate the number of species lost, with a resulting parasite richness in Italian populations much lower than in grey squirrels' native range. The helminth community of grey squirrels introduced to Italy is dominated by the North American nematode Strongyloides robustus, whereas the most common arthropod is the flea Ceratophyllus sciurorum, acquired from red squirrels. Hence, this part of the study gives support to the enemy release hypothesis and shows that this biological invasion holds the premises for both spillover and spill-back mechanisms towards native red squirrels to occur. In the following part of the study, grey squirrels and their dominant nematode, S. robustus, were used as a model to assess the performance of indirect parasitological methods and the relationship between helminth fecundity and intensity. My results reveal that, while flotation is a valid method to survey infection status in living hosts, faecal egg counts do not provide a reliable estimate of S. robustus intensity of infection, since density-dependence in nematode fecundity leads to a non-linear relationship between the amount of eggs shed in faeces and parasite load. Next, I investigated prevalence of alien S. robustus and local T. sciuri in living red squirrels to detect whether presence of grey squirrels affects the endo-macroparasite community of the native host. I used indirect methods (flotation and tape-tests) to compare infection status in populations of red squirrels living in presence and absence of the alien congener. Results show that S. robustus infection is linked to grey squirrel presence, thus confirming that red squirrels acquire this North American nematode via spillover from the invader. Interestingly, also prevalence of T. sciuri is significantly higher in red squirrels co-inhabiting with the alien species, suggesting that susceptibility to infection in red squirrels may increase as a consequence of higher stress levels induced by interspecific competition. Finally, infections by Ljungan virus (a potential zoonoses) and adenoviruses (known to cause gastrointestinal disease and mortality in squirrels in Northern Europe) were investigated in both red and grey squirrels to shed some light on the role played by arboreal sciurids in microparasite circulation. I reported for the first time Ljungan virus in red squirrels, indicating that this infection is not limited to small ground-dwelling rodents, and extended the known distribution of adenoviruses in squirrels to Southern Europe. Besides, the low adenovirus prevalence found in grey squirrels confirms that the alien species is not the source of infection in red squirrels as had been previously presumed. Overall, the present thesis highlights the importance of taking into account parasitological aspects when dealing with biological invasions. In particular, the model red-grey squirrel teaches that i) macroparasites have the potential to affect biological invasions as much as microparasites do; ii) an exhaustive knowledge of native species parasite fauna is fundamental to investigate apparent competition; iii) apart from introducing alien parasites, alien species may affect native species parasite communities through other mechanisms; iv) inference of parasitological parameters from indirect methods should always be considered carefully.
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Bossard, Laurent, and Anne-Claire Monod. "Customer satisfaction--a competitive edge in the apparel industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12302.

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Frost, Carol Margaret. "Spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between managed and natural forests." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8989.

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We are currently faced with the global challenge of conserving biological diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habitats, and resulting edge effects. Land-sparing and land-sharing approaches have been discussed as alternative ways to engineer landscapes to mitigate biodiversity loss while meeting production objectives. However, these represent extremes on a continuum of real-world landscapes, and it will be important to understand the mechanisms by which adjacent land use affects natural remnant ecosystems in order to make local land-management decisions that achieve conservation, as well as production, objectives. This thesis investigates the impact of juxtaposing production and natural forest on the community-wide interactions between lepidopteran herbivores and their parasitoids, as mediated by parasitoid spillover between habitats. The first and overarching objective was to determine whether herbivore productivity drives asymmetrical spillover of predators and parasitoids, primarily from managed to natural habitats, and whether this spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have therefore remained understudied. Apparent competition is an indirect interaction mechanism thought to be very important in structuring host-parasitoid assemblages. However, this is known primarily from studies of single species pairs, and its community-wide impacts are less clear. Therefore, my second objective was to determine whether apparent competition could be predicted for all species pairs within an herbivore assemblage, based on a measure of parasitoid overlap. My third objective was to determine whether certain host or parasitoid species traits can predict the involvement of those species in apparent competition. My key findings were that there is a net spillover of generalist predators and parasitoids from plantation to native forest, and that for generalists, this depends on herbivore abundance in the plantation forest. Herbivore populations across the edge were linked by shared parasitoids in apparent competition. Consequently, an experimental reduction of herbivore density in the plantation forest changed parasitism rates in the natural forest, as predicted based on parasitoid overlap. Finally, several host and parasitoid traits were identified that can predict the degree to which host or parasitoid species will be involved in apparent competition, a finding which may have extensive application in biological control, as well as in predicting spillover edge effects. Overall, this work suggests that asymmetrical spillover between production and natural habitats occurs in relation to productivity differences, with greater movement of predators and parasitoids in the managed-to-natural forest direction. The degree to which this affected species interactions has implications for landscape design to achieve conservation objectives in production landscapes.
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Cross, Eric Michael. "The Uniform Effect: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Experiences with Competition Athletic Apparel and Self Perception." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77247.

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Competition athletic apparel plays a large role in the world of NCAA Division I college athletics. New and innovative designs, styles, and fashions are continually introduced by athletic apparel manufacturers as they attempt to find the latest and greatest uniforms, footwear and protective equipment. Still, little research exists on the impact that athletic apparel has on college athletes. What does an athlete feel as they don their competition athletic apparel to compete at this top level of collegiate sport? The purpose of this study was to examine student-athlete experiences with competition athletic apparel in relation to self-perception. Did the apparel worn in competition by student-athlete's play a role on their mental state as they entered competition? Sixteen participants from a large NCAA Division I athletic program participated in this study during the spring semester of 2011. A stratified sample of eight female student-athletes and eight male student-athletes was used. The participants were drawn from the sports of Men's Soccer, Women's Soccer, Men's Basketball, and Women's Basketball. Participants completed face to face interviews that employed a semi-structured approach. Interview questions addressed aspects of the Functional, Aesthetic, Expressive (FEA) consumer needs model as well as Self-Perception Theory. All interviews used a grounded theory approach to foster the emergence of data as interviews progressed. Data was analyzed using qualitative methods that stressed the importance of true lived experience. The results of the study revealed that student-athlete self-perception was indeed impacted by various aspects of competition athletic apparel. Each participant revealed one or more concerns about their competition apparel in relation to the different categories of the FEA. Further, many of these concerns followed important aspects of Self-Perception Theory. The results of this study further revealed that coaches, athletes, and competition apparel manufactures would benefit from understanding the impact that competition apparel has on athlete self-perception. Results showed that athletes wanted competition apparel that looked good, felt good, and fit properly.
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Books on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Koester, Ardis W. Textile and apparel imports. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1993.

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Frova, Sandro. Competitività reale e apparente: Le politiche delle imprese italiane negli anni 80. Milano: Giuffrè, 1988.

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Gereffi, Gary. International competitiveness of Asian economies in the apparel commodity chain. Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2002.

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Mortimore, Michael. Illusory competitiveness: The apparel assembly model of the Caribbean Basin. Santiago, Chile: Investment and Corporate Strategies Network, Division of Production, Productivity and Management, Unit on Investment and Corporate strategies, ECLAC, 2003.

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1951-, Davidson William Harley, and Feigenoff Charles Samuel, eds. U.S. industrial competitiveness: The case of the textile and apparel industries. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, 1987.

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Harlé, Nicolas. Marks and Spencer and Zara: Process competition in the textile apparel industry. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 2002.

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Canada, Canada Industry, ed. Sharpening our competitive edge: Canadian Apparel and Textile Industries Program. [Ottawa]: Industry Canada, 2003.

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Gereffi, Gary. The international competitiveness of Asian economics in the apparel commodity chain. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.

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Crawford, Karlene M. Management and technological changes to improve competitiveness: Case studies of small- to medium-sized apparel manufacturers. Falls Church, VA: American Production and Inventory Control Society, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Textile, Apparel and Footwear Trade Act of 1990: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on S. 2411, June 7, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Stump, Gregory. "An Apparently Noncanonical Pattern of Morphotactic Competition." In Competition in Inflection and Word-Formation, 259–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02550-2_10.

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Kuebbing, Sara E. "How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 153–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0153.

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Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.
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Cook, Celeste Nicole, and Joy M. Kozar. "The Competitive Advantages of Sourcing Agents in Global Apparel Supply Chains: An Exploratory Study." In The Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientationsin a Dynamic Business World, 86–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50008-9_25.

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Forsythe, Sandra, Mary E. Barry, and Carol Warfield. "U.S.—Mexican Trade Opportunities: Toward the Development of a Globally Competitive North American Apparel Industry." In North American Free Trade Agreement, 231–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22976-5_19.

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Benea-Popuşoi, Elina, and Ecaterina Rusu. "Clusters as an Environment of Competitive Collaboration. A Case Study on the Emerging Apparel Economic Cluster in the Republic of Moldova." In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 742–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49889-4_57.

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Morris, Douglas W., Robert D. Holt, and Burt P. Kotler. "Apparent Competition." In Reference Module in Life Sciences. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.12264-2.

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"Apparent Competition." In Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology, 45–52. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520951785-011.

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Abrams, Peter A. "Understanding intraspecific and apparent competition." In Competition Theory in Ecology, 79–108. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895523.003.0005.

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Abstract Interspecific competition shares the same dependence on consumer–resource interactions as intraspecific competition and apparent competition. These two related interactions are the subject of this chapter. Both interactions are present in most, if not all, systems in which interspecific competition occurs. Intraspecific competition is usually discussed in the context of models that lack resources, while models of apparent competition always involve explicit dynamics for consumers and resources. The chapter examines whether these differences are justified, and concludes that both interactions should be studied using a consumer–resource framework. The ‘theta-logistic’ is a popular model that extends the logistic by allowing for density dependence under which per capita growth rate decreases as abundance raised to a positive power other than unity. This, however, is shown not to correspond to popular consumer–resource models. In addition, it lacks the time lag in consumer response that follows from resource dynamics. Traditional measures of density dependence are complicated by the possibility that adverse changes in a neutral parameter can cause the equilibrium or mean abundance of a consumer to increase (i.e., a ‘hydra effect’). The forms of density dependence for several simple consumer–resource models are analysed and compared. Although apparent competition is always based on consumer–resource models, the vast majority of the literature only considers a single consumer, and usually assumes the systems are stable. The consequences of having instability and/or two or more consumer species are analysed.
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Connell, Joseph H. "Apparent versus “Real” Competition in Plants." In Perspectives on Plant Competition, 9–26. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-294452-9.50006-0.

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Garrott, Robert A., P. J. White, Matthew S. Becker, and Claire N. Gower. "Chapter 24 Apparent Competition and Regulation in a Wolf-Ungulate System." In The Ecology of Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone - Sixteen Years of Integrated Field Studies, 519–40. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1936-7961(08)00224-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Yu, Hengguo, and Min Zhao. "The Dynamic Complexity of an Apparent Competition Community Ecological Model with the Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response." In 2011 Fourth International Workshop on Chaos-Fractals Theories and Applications (IWCFTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcfta.2011.31.

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Wang, Jinsheng, and Edward J. Anthony. "A Discussion of the Temperature Maximum for Sulfur Capture Efficiency in Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-115.

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For over 20 years, it has been known that there is a sulfur capture maximum around 850°C for limestone sorbents in FBC systems, albeit that this maximum appears to depend both on the characteristics of the FBC unit and the sorbent itself. Numerous explanations have been given for the temperature maximum at higher temperatures, including reducing reaction of CaSO4 with CO, sintering of sorbent particles which results in lower porosity and surface area. Other explanations include equilibrium between SO2 and SO3 with higher temperatures reducing the availability of SO3 for reaction with CaO, blocked sorbent pores at higher temperatures, and depletion of oxygen in the dense phase of the bed at higher temperatures. The most plausible explanation is that the temperature maximum results from a competition between sulfation and reduction of the sorbent, with reduction becoming more important at higher temperatures. Clear elucidation of the factors that affect the temperature dependence and an explicit relationship for the temperature maximum ought to permit improvements in sulfur capture efficiency to be achieved. Currently, no explicit relation appears to exist, and hence we provide an analysis for the temperature maximum based on the competition between sulfation and reduction, and derive an expression for the sulfur capture efficiency as a function of gas composition, sorbent residence time and apparent reaction rate coefficients, all of which are dependent on temperature. The expression relates operation conditions and sorbent activity to the temperature maximum, and may serve as a stepping-stone for future studies in this area.
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Park, Bill. "THE FETHULLAH GÜLEN MOVEMENT AS A TRANSNATIONAL PHENOMENON." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/befj6390.

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THE FETHULLAH GÜLEN MOVEMENT AS A TRANSNATIONAL PHENOMENON Bill Park This paper investigates the apparent paradox thrown up by the distinctively Turkish roots and contents of Fethullah Gülen’s philosophy on the one hand, and the movement’s edu- cational activities beyond Turkey and its promotion of interfaith dialogue on the other. It considers how far the movement has been able to transcend its ‘Turkishness’. In the Turkic world, primarily in Central Asia and Azerbaijan, the paper offers an assessment of the extent to which the movement generates an emulative or transformational response, perhaps con- tributing to the emergence of a non-territorial ‘Turkic’ nation or identity. In that context, the paper considers the degree to which the movement can be seen as ‘pan-Turkic’ in terms of its aspirations and effects. Turning to its activities in the non-Turkic world, the paper tries to establish whether the movement should be regarded as a primarily Turkish or primarily Muslim agency, and what kind of impact this creates in host countries. In chiefly Islamic host countries, to what degree is the movement engaged, intentionally or otherwise, in a competition with more radical interpretations of Islam? Or is the movement’s approach to Islam rooted too exclusively in a Turkish context? This leads into a consideration of whether the movement is an agency for a ‘Turkish model’ approach to blending Islam with modernity and democratisation, and whether this suggests either competition or tacit alliance with the Turkish state in this regard. Finally, with respect to interfaith dialogue, is the movement’s contribution seen as narrowly Turkish in its applicability, or as resonating in and of utility to the wider Muslim world?
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Koriche, Frédéric, Sylvain Lagrue, Éric Piette, and Sébastien Tabary. "Constraint-Based Symmetry Detection in General Game Playing." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/40.

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Symmetry detection is a promising approach for reducing the search tree of games. In General Game Playing (GGP), where any game is compactly represented by a set of rules in the Game Description Language (GDL), the state-of-the-art methods for symmetry detection rely on a rule graph associated with the GDL description of the game. Though such rule-based symmetry detection methods can be applied to various tree search algorithms, they cover only a limited number of symmetries which are apparent in the GDL description. In this paper, we develop an alternative approach to symmetry detection in stochastic games that exploits constraint programming techniques. The minimax optimization problem in a GDL game is cast as a stochastic constraint satisfaction problem (SCSP), which can be viewed as a sequence of one-stage SCSPs. Minimax symmetries are inferred according to themicrostructure complement of these one-stage constraint networks. Based on a theoretical analysis of this approach, we experimentally show on various games that the recent stochastic constraint solver MAC-UCB, coupled with constraint-based symmetry detection, significantly outperforms the standard Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithms, coupled with rule-based symmetry detection. This constraint-driven approach is also validated by the excellent results obtained by our player during the last GGP competition.
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C´atic´, Amer, and Petter Andersson. "Manufacturing Experience in a Design Context Enabled by a Service Oriented PLM Architecture." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49858.

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An increased competition on the product development market pushes the industry to continually improve product quality and reduce product cost. There is also a trend towards considering a products life cycle aspects including environmental sustainability. The manufacturing process is a major cost driver in the product life cycle; hence, there are many initiatives to improve manufacturability and reduce production cost. Learning from earlier projects is essential to avoid recurrence of problems and is generally realized through use of concurrent engineering and design for manufacturing (DFM). Other research provides general DFM principles which state detailed guidelines for how different geometries combined with different manufacturing processes affect component quality and cost. The real competitive edge lies however in the development and application of company specific DFM principles that are based on manufacturing experiences. To do so requires an overview of and access to the collected manufacturing experiences. The aim of this paper is to point out key enablers for efficient reuse of manufacturing experience, which is considered to contribute to lower product cost and higher product quality. A study performed at an automotive and at an aerospace engine manufacturer pointed out the apparent need and lack of reuse of manufacturing experiences in product development. Applications supporting reuse of manufacturing experience through embedded DFM knowledge in designer’s CAD system were found in the literature. The issue of integrating these applications with the enterprise environment, in order to capitalize on existing sources of manufacturing experience, is addressed with a proposed solution applying a service oriented PLM architecture. In addition, a graphical user interface visualizing the manufacturing experience in a combined product and process context was developed. The validation of these proposed and developed solutions was done through interviews and workshops. The conclusions are that visualization of manufacturing experiences in a combined product and process context provides improved understanding of how the experiences relate to each process history and that a key enabler for integration of information in heterogeneous environments is the use of standard service oriented architectures and neutral formats.
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Borsoi, Laurent, Philippe Piteau, Xavier Delaune, and Jose Antunes. "Gap Effect on the Random and Fluid-Elastic Forces Acting in the Vibration of a Loosely Supported Tube Under Cross-Flow." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65708.

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In degraded situations of heat-exchangers, tubes may become loosely supported while subjected to intense crossflow which generates both turbulent and fluid-elastic forces. The vibro-impacting regimes that result have been studied by the authors during these last few years, based on analytical experiments and numerical simulations. Taking advantage of this material, the paper aims at showing some dynamic effects that have been observed and drawing lessons concerning the vibration of tubes under cross-flow when they are linearly unstable. If the fluid-elastic damping drops until the total damping becomes negative when the flow reduced velocity increases, a non-linear gap-system escapes from instability by reinforcing the sequence of impacts and its apparent frequency. On the other hand, the turbulent excitation is characterized by broadband PSDs that decrease with frequency. Thus the vibro-impacting response of the tubes results from a competition between the turbulent and fluid-elastic forces, according to a process that depends on the gap size. The fluid-elastic coupling forces may be either stabilizing (positive damping) or destabilizing (negative one), and, in a more amazing way, the random forces may be dissipative. The paper illustrates the previous points from the tested experimental configuration which was mainly 1-DOF. Dimensionless results are given for this configuration. Extensions to more realistic tubes are discussed from numerical simulations of a straight beam with three loosely supports. The starting point of simulations is though experiments where the fluid-elastic forces would act, but not the turbulent ones, which would produce limit cycles in the phase space. Turbulence is then considered as perturbation of limit cycles, and as shown below by notably introducing a dimensionless “gap-turbulence” parameter, smaller the gap sizes are, larger the relative weight of turbulence is. The Rice frequency and the mean impact force are indicators of this relative weight and the competition between the fluid-forces. From this general understanding, and using preliminary results with the beam model, a few guidelines are finally evoked for determining allowable gaps sizes in degraded situations. But a lot of work has to be done with more sophisticated models to concretize these ideas.
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Papathomas, Thomas V., and Andrei Gorea. "Class of stimuli for studying correspondence in apparent motion." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.fd4.

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Correspondence matching is the process by which the visual system matches the attributes of objects (luminance, color, shape, contrast, etc.) at different places and at different times to determine the path of the objects in apparent (stroboscopic) motion. We present a class of stimulus which allows the existence of simultaneous motion paths carried by a multiplicity of attributes. Each attribute can be matched independently of the others to elicit unambiguous (unidirectional) or ambiguous (multidirectional) motion perception. When two or more attributes are matched, we can either match them along the same direction (concurrent matching) or along different ones (competitive matching). This flexibility in manipulating the stimuli makes it possible to (a) isolate specific motion mechanisms in the absence of stimulation of any other mechanisms, (b) assess the summation index for motion strength when two or more attributes are matched concurrently, and (c) directly assess the relative strength of pairs of attributes by using competitive matchings to determine which of them prevails in determining the perceived direction of motion. These stimuli have been employed in psychophysical experiments to assess the relative strength of several attributes (color, orientation, luminance, spatial frequency, binocular disparity, and polarity) in eliciting motion.
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Hui, Xin, Zhedian Zhang, Kejin Mu, Yue Wang, and Yunhan Xiao. "Effect of Fuel Dilution on the Structure and Pollutant Emission of Syngas Diffusion Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27481.

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Combustion with diluted syngas is important for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system that attains high efficiency and low pollutant emissions. In syngas diffusion flames, peak flame temperature is higher than that in nature gas flames, so NOx emission is more significant. To achieve low NOx emission, fuel dilution is an effective way. In the present study, Flame structure and emission characteristics were experimentally and numerically studied in various fuel diluted syngas diffusion flames, and H2O, N2 and CO2 were employed as diluents respectively. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the behavior and mechanism of fuel diluted combustion and to provide fundamental data base for the development of syngas combustion techniques. Experiments were conducted by using jet diffusion flames in a model combustor. Flame size, exhaust temperature and emission concentration were measured. It was found that by introducing diluents into fuel stream, the stoichiometric surface was brought inward, namely the flame envelope shrunk due to a relatively low fuel concentration. The exhaust temperature was decreased. The results also indicated that with diluted fuel stream, there was an increase of CO emission and an apparent decrease of NO emission. For the same exhaust temperature, H2O had the most significant influence on NO emission among the three diluents, while CO2 affected CO emission most by inhibiting its oxidation thermally and chemically. Numerical simulations were performed in counterflow diffusion flames by applying Chemkin software. To reveal the mechanisms of various diluents in flames, the detailed chemistry of H2-CO-N2 system was employed. It was found that the concentration of OH radical is important for both NO and CO emissions. The OH concentration is affected not only by the type of diluents but also by the flame temperature, therefore it is determined by the coupling and competition of diluents’ chemical and thermal effects.
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Radko, S. G., E. A. Prishlyak, and O. N. Nevmerzhitskaya. "Innovative development of the textile industry in a competitive environment." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TEXTILE AND APPAREL INNOVATION (ICTAI 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0076975.

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Mastamet-Mason, Anne, and Michael Ogembo Kachieng'a. "Development of competitive advantage in the apparel industry in Kenya." In AFRICON 2009 (AFRICON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2009.5308084.

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Reports on the topic "Apparent competition"

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Perry, Anna Lingling, and Eulanda A. Sanders. Collaborations and Opportunities: Content Analysis of Chinese Apparel Design Competitions. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1106.

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Park-Poaps, Haesun, and Sadaqul Bari. Supply Chain Management Practices (SCMP) and Their Impact on Competitive Advantage in the Bangladeshi Apparel Sector. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8452.

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Islam Molla, Tahmidul, and Jung Ha-Brookshire. Job Responsibilities of Textile and Apparel Supply Chain Managers: From Mentzer’s Key Drivers of Competitive Advantage Perspective. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-122.

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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop, and Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.

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The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.
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