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Journal articles on the topic 'Apple Inc'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Heracleous, Loizos. "Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc." Organizational Dynamics 42, no. 2 (April 2013): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.03.002.

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2

Li, Yunan. "Apple Inc. Analysis and Forecast Evaluation." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2389.

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Apple has been an American success story for quite a long time. After igniting the personal computer (PC) revolution in the 1970s and reinventing PC in the 1980s, it again brought various innovative and game-changing products, including smartphones, computers, and wearables in recent years. Its dominant product, iPhone, sparked years of massive growth and has become the biggest drive of the company’s success. Besides, with a market capitalization of more than $2T, Apple is currently the world’s most valuable company. This makes many investors interested in AAPL stock. Hence, this paper will explore whether the APPL stock is worth investing based on the analysis of its business model, SWOT analysis, and relative valuation in hope to provide some recommendations and predictions for investors.
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3

Korniawan, Rostamaji. "MENJAGA KEPERCAYAAN INVESTOR MELALUI KASUS TAX EVASION APPLE INC. DI IRLANDIA: LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Kajian Wilayah 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkw.v7i2.748.

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This paper studies about the Apple Inc. case in Ireland. The European Commission found out indications of tax evasion by Apple Inc. As one of important investors in Ireland, the case becomes a consideration for the Ireland government to maintain a condusive investment climate. This paper aims to understand how did Apple Inc. withstand the severe trust problem they are facing in Ireland. In order to do that, literature review method is used systematically in this paper. Overall, the study finds that one of the important aspects is the Irish government policy support. The support basically is the international relation political strategy between the Irish government and Apple Inc. From this case, Indonesia should take lesson learned in order to improve investors’ confidence in Indonesia, especially after the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community is implemented.Keywords: tax evasion, Apple Inc., Ireland, investor trustAbstrakTulisan ini mengkaji kasus Apple Inc. yang terjadi di Irlandia. Komisi Uni Eropa menemukan adanya indikasi penghindaran pajak (tax evasion) yang dilakukan Apple Inc. Sebagai salah satu investor di Irlandia, kasus ini tentu menjadi pertimbangan bagi pemerintah Irlandia dalam memelihara iklim investasi yang berkesinambungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat aspek yang mempengaruhi Apple Inc. yang sampai saat ini tetap bertahan di Irlandia ketika permasalahan yang berat telah menggoyahkan kepercayaan perusahaan tersebut. Untuk menemukan aspek tersebut, kasus ini dipelajari dengan menggunakan metode literatur review secara sistematis. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menemukan bahwa dukungan kebijakan pemerintah Irlandia menjadi salah satu aspek penting bagi keputusan Apple Inc. Dukungan tersebut pada dasarnya merupakan strategi politik hubungan internasional pemerintah Irlandia dan Apple Inc. Melalui kasus ini pula, Indonesia dapat mengambil pelajaran yang diperlukaan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan investor di Indonesia, terutama setelah diberlakukannya komunitas Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.Kata kunci: tax evasion, Apple Inc., Irlandia, kepercayaan investor
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4

Chen, Bowen, Wei Lu, and Simeng Wang. "The Valuation and Analysis of Apple Inc." BCP Business & Management 13 (November 16, 2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v13i.47.

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In order to define a reasonable value of Apple’s stocks, a number of valuation models can be considered, including FCFF model, DDM, VC method, FCFE model and multiples valuation model. In the research, we use WACC and DCF calculation to evaluate the Apple company’s further value, and judging whether it is undervalued or overvalued based on historical data and market direction. As different models and data provide various results, they have different limitations and uses. For DCF, although some of the data used in its calculations are based on people's subjective analysis of the future, its valuation serves as a baseline for the target price, making its results relatively conservative and reasonable. Based on the results generated by valuation models, we think Apple still has a great potential to develop, and we advise customers to buy or hold the stock.
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5

Anggrianto, Christian, Nassiriah Shaari, and Norsiah Binti Abdul Hamid. "PENGELOLAAN STRATEGI BRANDING APPLE INC. UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN." Desain Komunikasi Visual, Manajemen Desain dan Periklanan (Demandia) 2, no. 02 (September 29, 2017): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/demandia.v2i02.936.

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Apple sebagai merk yang terkenal dengan inovasinya, telah mampu bertahan di posisi puncak Most Valuable Brand selama bertahun-tahun. Apple Inc. telah mampu membangun dan mengelola brand sehingga dicintai oleh konsumennya dan menjadi top of mind diantara produk sejenisnya. Strategi pengelolaan merk seperti apakah yang dilakukan oleh Apple Inc.? Melalui metode penelitian dengan jenis data kualitatif melalui wawancara terstruktur kepada para responden dari kalangan praktisi sekaligus akademisi branding dan didukung dengan studi literatur ini, ditemukan bahwa Apple telah berhasil menciptakan strategi branding yang baik dengan mengidentifikasikan siapa target marketnya, dan menciptkan visi misi yang berkomitmen untuk menciptakan solusi untuk permasalah yang dihadapi oleh target marketnya, tidak berhenti sampai disitu namun Apple inc. mampu menerjemahkan visi tersebut menjadi brand strategy yang mampu menciptakan pengalaman unik dan membangun kedekatan emosional antara konsumen dengan brand, dan akhirnya tercipta loyalitas terhadap brand Apple. Hasil dari riset ini berguna untuk membantu perusahaan-perusahaan lain memahami bagaimana cara mengelola merk yang mereka miliki hingga bisa memperoleh loyalitas dari konsumennya.
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6

Adyl Aliekperov. "“APPLE” – UP OR DOWN." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 6(18) (September 30, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30092019/6676.

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In this article the future of Apple, Inc. was investigated. The emphasis was made on the analysis of the statistical data demonstrating the dynamics of the company's revenue, as well as the market share of its main product - iPhone. The main stages of the development of the company and its strategy was examined also. Having analyzed this information, author gave a prognosis about the future of Apple company.
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7

Gupta, Atul, and Joe Prinzinger. "Apple, Inc.: Where Is It Going From Here?" Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 9, no. 3 (April 26, 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v9i3.7797.

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8

Ramaswamy, Shubhangee, Devidas Golhar, Srinivas Kumar Swamy, and Poonam Pawar. "Impact of Human Resource Management on Talent Management at Apple." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 12493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.12493ecst.

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The purpose of this research was to find out how HRM influences the performance of talent management in an organization. For this purpose, Apple Inc. was selected and data was collected through primary data collection method by sharing a survey questionnaire with 25 random employees of Apple. From their responses, it was found that the HRM department of Apple ensures the effectiveness of the organization’s different talent management techniques. It was found that the HRM department is responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining talent management methods in an organization such as Apple Inc. Talent management method at Apple is effective due to its HRM department only.
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9

Bai, Mingrui. "Macro Analysis on Apple Stock In order to determine investment value of Apple." SHS Web of Conferences 151 (2022): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202215101032.

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The purpose of this article is to address the question of whether Apple is worth investing in by analyzing investment data on Apple’s stock and Apple’s own data. In this article, the author assumes 10,000 shares of Apple Inc stock from January 1, 2020, until August 2, 2022, and uses Yahoo Finance’s historical data to calculate past earnings levels, combined with the author’s macro analysis of Apple’s economic conditions and market conditions to conclude that Apple is well worth investing in over the next 3-5 years.
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10

Latif, Madiha, Jawwad Hassan Jaskani, Tehreem Ilyas, Zohaib Khan Babar, and Hina Gulzar. "Issues faced by Apple Inc in smart phones industry." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1 (August 6, 2014): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v4i2.6079.

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Purpose:This case suggests the development of financial reporting of Apple Inc. in comparison with the industry over the period of 2004 to 2013. This study is helpful for different field of researchers e.g., management, technology, etc. Apple Inc. was found in 1976 by Steve Jobs. In 2007, Apple introduced smartphones and iOS and was the pioneer in this industry. But after the rising competition in this industry Androids snatched the market share from the Apple.Methodology:This study illustrates the reasons and the current performance of the company in the industry. The performance has been measured through actual financial data and through various financial techniques.Findings:This study has found that the company is losing share in the market because of the features in its products whereas the features offered by other competitors are relative consumer friendly and according to their demand.Suggestions:To retain the market share Apple should offer more products that are more affordable for the consumers.
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11

Pei, Hui Ning, Sui Huai Yu, and Bao Zhen Tian. "Analysis of Apple’s Design Management Policy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2626.

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Apple Inc. is a famous American multinational corporation. It has unique corporate culture and design management policy. Apple creates iPod and iTunes, Mac laptop and desktop computers, and the revolutionary iPhone and iPad. In 2007, Apple achieved widespread success with its iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad products which are popular worldwide and sought after by a great number of consumers around the world. Author holds that Apples successful corporate culture and design management policy are the success reasons. Therefore, this paper attempts to extract the successful experience of Apple's design management through in-depth summary and analysis.
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12

Jäschke, Marvin. "LG München I: Verletzung europäischer Patente durch Apple Inc." Computer und Recht 35, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): r32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/cr-2019-350324.

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13

천만봉. "A Study of The Competitive Advantage for Apple Inc." Review of Business History 26, no. 2 (June 2011): 225–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22629/kabh.2011.26.2.009.

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14

Maslii, Yuliia, Оlena Ruban, and Sergiy Kutsenko. "SELECTION OF FLAVOUR ADDITIVES AND METHOD OF THEIR INTRODUCTION IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMPRESSED MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 2 (March 31, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001189.

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An important characteristic of oral medicines, which include medicated chewing gums, is their pleasant taste. This can be achieved by adding taste coregents to their composition. The aim: to choose rational flavour additives and justify the method of their introduction to the compressed medicated chewing gums that are being developed. Materials and methods: mint (Natural Mint Flavor SD, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) and banana (Banana FLV, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) have been used as powdered flavour additives. As flavourings – oil solutions: Peppermint Natural WonfFlavor, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Strawberry (Strawberry FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Melon (Chemical-Food Aromatic PlantLLC, Russian Federation) and Lemon (Chemical-Food Aromatic Plant LLC, Russian Federation). Aerosil brand 380 (Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Germany), Syloid® 244FP (Grace Discovery Sciences, USA) and Neusilin® ULP 2 (Fuji Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan) have been taken as carriers. The choice of flavour additives and flavourings was made using organoleptic methods of coregents evaluation according to A. I. Tentsova and I. A.Yegorov. The technological and physicochemical properties of the samples were studied according to conventional methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Results and discussion. In determining the taste of medicated chewing gums samples with different coregents, the combination of powder additive and liquid flavouring "Apple" has got the highest mark. In order to substantiate the rational method of liquid flavouring introduction in the composition of the compressed chewing gums, it is proposed to introduce the adsorbents Aerosil 380, Syloid® 244FP and Neusilin® ULP 2, which also play the role of moisture regulators and glidants. Microscopic analysis of adsorbents mixtures with flavouring, as well as physicochemical and technological investigations of the mass for pressing have revealed that the best adsorbing, moisture-regulating and flow properties has Syloid® 244FP. Conclusions. As a coregent in medicated chewing gums was selected a combination of powdered (2.0 %) and liquid (0.6 %) flavours “Apple”. The method of introducing the oil flavouring into the composition of the compressed gums has been chosen – by spraying on the adsorbent with subsequent mixing. Based on the studies, Syloid®244FP at a concentration of 1.0 % was chosen as the rational carrier.
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15

McCabe, Conor. "Apple and Ireland, 1980–2020." Radical History Review 2022, no. 143 (May 1, 2022): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9566160.

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Abstract This article places the recent tax case concerning Apple Inc., Ireland, and the European Commission within its historical framework to reveal the very particular structural dynamics that exist between the Irish state and transnational capital. It proposes that these dynamics result not entirely from an industrial strategy adopted in the 1950s but instead from a deeper neocolonial economic relationship, itself part of a comprador capitalist system that is firmly embedded in key public and private institutions of the Irish state and socially reproduced through them. An understanding of this comprador dynamic and its ideological framework is essential to understanding why the Irish state protects tax avoidance above the interests of wider Irish society.
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Horák, Jakub, and Dominik Kaisler. "Evaluation of development of Apple Inc. stock price time series." SHS Web of Conferences 132 (2022): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213201012.

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The paper deals with the the development of a specific company’s stock price time series. The aim of the paper is to use the time series method for a detailed analysis and evaluation of the development of Apple Inc. stock prices. Daily data from 2000 to 2020, daily data from the period of the economic crisis between 2007 and 2009 and daily data from the Covid-19 pandemic period from March 2020 to the end of the same year are used. The data, from the period of 2000 - 2020 show a gradual increase in Apple’s stock prices. The most common factor leading to the increase in stock prices is the launch of a new product or service on the global market. On the contrary, the reason for the decline in stock prices is customer dissatisfaction, the excess of demand over supply, or the political situation. The analysis of time series for the period of the economic crisis points to the fact that thanks to the development, innovation and constant introduction of new products into the market, the company was not significantly affected by the crisis and neither were stock prices. Naturally, there were some fluctuations in prices, but at the end of 2009, the company even reached the highest stock prices in its history to date. The analysis of time series during the global pandemic of Covid-19 shows a steady rise in stock prices. Currently, the company sells more and more products and introduces new services that help us work, study or entertain ourselves in these difficult times, in the safety of our homes.
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Damian, Cristina, Ana Leahu, Mircea Oroian, and Sorina Ropciuc. "Analytical characterization of some pasteurized apple juices during storage." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2015-0002.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of three weeks of storage on the chemical and rheological properties of apple juices obtained from Idared and Jonatan apples variety. Total antioxidant activity, levels of bio-active compound groups and the viscosity were measured to characterize the investigated juices. The method applied for the determination of ascorbic acid concentration was with 2, 6-diclorophenolindophenol. Total phenols (TP) in apple juices were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. The viscosity of apple juices was investigated by a rotational viscometer, Brookfield viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Inc., Model RV-DV I Prime) with RV spindles. During three weeks of storage, different rates of all measured properties have been observed decreasing for both studied apples varieties juices. The juices from Jonatan apples have higher antioxidant activities that are correlated with the higher content in polyphenols and lower values of viscosity.
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18

Aminah, Yanti Nur. "A Discourse Analysis on Bazaart Photo Editing Software Advertisement Published by Apple Inc." SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education 4, no. 1 (September 23, 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35961/salee.v4i1.484.

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This research discusses the language ideology that is used in the advertisement published by Apple Inc. which is to promote Bazaart application software. The research objectives are to investigate the intentions, techniques and discursive strategies of the advertiser and to analyze the social practices within the discourse. To understand how text works to make meaning, the researcher adopted Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework and Halliday’s theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL). The research design is qualitative descriptive and the data source is in the form of social media captions posted by Apple Inc. on their Instagram page. The study applies a textual analysis to look at the advertiser’s strategies in using indirect language to attract readers’ interests. The findings reveal that direct language and imperative word choices are two dominant strategies used in most advertisements. That is to say, today, online advertisements are not enticing to audiences. The software advertisement delivered by Apple Inc. uses a slightly different strategy as they do not mention imperative words to persuade the readers to use Bazaart software. The result of this study is that social practices shown by language power in the advertisement delivered by the company can draw targeted readers’ interest.
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19

공현희. "A Case Study on the Motorola, Inc. and the Apple, Inc. for a successful design management." Journal of Korea Design Knowledge ll, no. 9 (March 2009): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17246/jkdk.2009..9.004.

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20

Maslov, A. O. "Antitrust and digital platforms in competition law: Apple Inc. v. Pepper case." Russian competition law and economy, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2020-4-24-52-59.

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Digital platforms are getting more general because of growing the level of online commerce. As a result, courts and antimonopoly regulators around the entire world face with the issues of applying antitrust rules to digital platforms. And each time it raises a number of interesting questions from the practical and theoretical point of view. In antitrust cases it’s difficult to define the product and geographic boundaries of the market where digital platforms operate. In 2019 the US Supreme Court decide a case between a group of iPhone users and Apple Inc. iPhone users filed a lawsuit against Apple Inc. claiming that Apple had unlawfully monopolized market for the sale of apps by charging consumers higher than competitive prices. US Supreme Court’s judgment in Apple v Pepper is really crucial for competition law, indeed. During analyzing the case, the following questions arise. Whether the «App Store» is a digital platform or not? Whether the «App Store» is a product market or not? If the «App Store» is a product market, what way should we determine geographic boundaries of this market? However, US Supreme Court’s judgment in Apple v Pepper does not provide us with answers to these questions. Obviously, the court had good reasons for this. Let's analyze this judgment and try to find answers to the questions that the US Supreme Court left opened.
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Hirota, Kiichi, and Maretoshi Hirai. "Apple Watch for Pulse Rate Assessment Detects Unidentified Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation." Reports 5, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports5040040.

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Consumer rhythm-monitoring devices, such as the Apple Watch, are becoming more readily available. Irregular pulses can be detected using an optical sensor that is built into the wearable device. The Apple Watch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) is a class II medical device with pulse rate and electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring capabilities. Here, we report a case in which an arrhythmia that was conventionally perceived but undiagnosed was identified as an atrial fibrillation by the self-acquisition of the ECG data using an Apple Watch.
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Nonala, Ikujiro, and Martin Kenney. "Towards a new theory of innovation management: A case study comparing Canon, Inc. and Apple Computer, Inc." Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 8, no. 1 (June 1991): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-4748(91)90005-c.

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23

Soto Pineda, Jesús Alfonso. "Litigiosidad y obsolescencia tecnológica programada en EE.UU: el caso Apple Inc." FORO. Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Nueva Época 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/foro.69062.

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Yin, Yongming, Muhammad Umair Ali, Wenfa Xie, Huai Yang, and Hong Meng. "Evolution of white organic light-emitting devices: from academic research to lighting and display applications." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 6 (2019): 970–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00042a.

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Towner, George. "Creating an English Anagrammicon." English Today 11, no. 3 (July 1995): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400008403.

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Mir, N. A., and R. M. Beaudry. "Volatile Profiles of Decaying Apple Fruit." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 458E—458. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.458e.

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The changes in volatile-aroma of Penicillium expansium and Botrytis cinerea fungi and apple fruit inoculated with these fungi were studied using GC-MS. A specially designed chamber with raised end glass tubes with access ports fitted with Teflon-lined septa was used to determine the volatile profile for fungi on agar. Inoculated fruit were placed in glass flow-through chambers similarly fitted with sampling ports. Volatile collection from fruits or fungi was accomplished using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) device (Supelco, Inc.). In fungi-inoculated fruits, volatiles not produced by uninfected fruit included formic acid, 2-cyano acetamide; 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and 1-1-diethoxy-2-propanone, which were initially detected 6 hr after inoculation. These new volatiles are suggested to be synthesized specifically by the action of fungi on fruits as they were not detected from fungi that were grown on agar or bruised fruits. In general, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and hydrocarbons other than α-farnesene declined in fungi infected fruits.
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Saardchom, Narumon. "Design Patent War: Apple versus Samsung." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 3, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977914548341.

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High-technology companies that have brought innovation to the market also use their innovation to claim their intellectual property rights around the world. In 2011, Apple Inc. started to claim its design patent over Samsung Electronics Company in the Unites States (US) court and the disputes then expanded to more than 50 lawsuits in numerous courts around the world, and became a design patent war. The amount of damages in a US verdict was the largest design patent infringement jury award of all time—US$ 1.05 billion, the amount by which most companies would become bankrupt by a single infringement. A design patent war like Apple versus Samsung lawsuits showed that design patent has seized centre stage of modern battle. In addition, it signified that any company must seriously incorporate design patent issue into its intellectual property portfolio. The dispute also revealed an interesting unclear boundary of design infringement that could impact the level of legal risk for every related industry.
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Jiao, Xiangyue, Songyang Liu, and Zixuan Wang. "Research on the Tendency Relationship between Individual Stock and Stock Index." BCP Business & Management 32 (November 22, 2022): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v32i.2905.

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This paper mainly centers on exploring the tendency relationship between individual stock and stock index using CAPM method. The research chooses the stock of Apple Inc. as an individual stock and S&P 500 as the stock index. Then CAPM is used to tests indicating that this model does not fit the rate of return on Apple very well. Therefore, this paper explores the possible reasons behind the phenomenon and refers to some constructive improvements in the evaluation of expected rate of return on individual stocks under the influence of the stock index. One reason is probably that AAPL is so powerful a corporation that it is extremely immune to anomalous volatility of the stock market, which implies that unsystematic risk dominates the trend of stock of Apple Inc. Therefore, this paper suggests that CAPM model should only be applied when the target company is a small-sized or medium-sized one that is prone to the fluctuation of the stock market.
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Angerhofer, Tirza J., and Roger D. Blair. "Economic Reality at the Core of Apple." Antitrust Bulletin 66, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x21997030.

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In Apple, Inc. v. Pepper, the Supreme Court failed to recognize the economic reality at play which sparked considerable confusion and debate about the continued vitality of Illinois Brick. Apple used proprietary technology and threats to both iPhone owners and app developers to compel them to conduct their business in Apple’s App Store. In so doing, Apple created a presumably unlawful bottleneck. This enabled Apple to impose a 30% ad valorem tax on each transaction. The tax, that is, the antitrust damage, is borne by both the iPhone owners and the app developers according to the relative elasticities of the demand and supply. Distributing damages in this way leads to effective antitrust enforcement that does not reward the wrongdoer with ill-gotten gains nor lead to duplicative damages and complex apportioning. Our analysis clarifies the economic reality of the Apple case and provides useful guidance for handling future bottleneck cases.
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Perera, U. "Tax Avoidance Strategies of Multinational Companies: A Case Study of Apple Inc." Sri Lanka Journal of Economic Research 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljer.v9i1.156.

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Lockamy, Archie. "An examination of external risk factors in Apple Inc.’s supply chain." Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal 18, no. 3 (May 16, 2017): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2017.1328252.

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32

Albertus, Yanuar. "Konsumerisme terhadap Gawai dan Dampaknya bagi Lingkungan: Studi Kasus pada Apple Inc." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i1.17616.

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Tulisan ini membahas mengenai bagaimana dampak konsumerisme terhadap gawai bagi kelestarian lingkungan. Konsumsi terhadap gawai dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun terakhir meningkat tajam. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan massifnya penggunaan peranti teknologi tersebut oleh masyarakat dunia secara keseluruhan. Fenomena ini mengarah pada apa yang disebut dengan konsumerisme, yakni suatu kondisi masyarakat yang didalamnya konsumsi dilakukan tidak lagi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan, tetapi justru menjadi tujuan dan gaya hidup. Argumen penulis adalah bahwa konsumerisme terhadap peranti teknologi membawa ancaman yang serius bagi kelestarian lingkungan, khususnya terkait dua hal, yakni eksploitasi sumber daya yang semakin intensif serta dihasilkannya limbah elektronik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan untuk memperkuat argumen penulis, tulisan ini juga mengangkat studi kasus fenomena konsumerisme terhadap produk Apple Inc. sebagai perusahaan teknologi terbesar di dunia, khususnya iPhone yang menjadi produk utama dari perusahaan tersebut.
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Qemo, Silvi, and Eahab Elsaid. "Statistical Modelling of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)." Accounting and Finance Research 7, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n2p146.

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The purpose of this study is to derive a multiple linear regression model of the CAPM. More specifically, to test for other potential explanatory variables that can be added to the basic linear regression model for the expected returns on Apple Inc. The following explanatory variables were examined: share volume, outstanding shares, closing bid/ask spread, high/low spread and average spread. Using daily returns of Apple Inc. stock from 2007 till 2014 we were able to create a multiple linear regression model of CAPM that increase the R2 value from the basic linear regression model and enhances the amount of variability in the returns on an asset. This is an important modification that can help better forecast returns on assets.Keywords: CAPM; multiple linear regression model; average spread; variability in the returns
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Guzman, Gabriela, Yujie Du, Yihong Wu, Di Xiao, Rebecca Replogle, Thomas Boileau, Britt Burton-Freeman, and Indika Edirisinghe. "Addition of Apple Pomace to 100% Apple Juice Delayed Time to Reach Maximal Glucose and Insulin Concentrations Compared to 100% Apple Juice and Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_028.

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Abstract Objectives Apple pomace (AP) is a byproduct of apple juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of adding AP to 100% apple juice (AJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to sugar matched AJ or whole apple fruit (WAF) in healthy human subjects. Methods Fifty-eight healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 3 years, BMI 22.9 ± 1.4 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to AJ, 235 g, AJ with 5 g fiber from AP added (APF, 235 g total beverage weight) or whole Red Delicious apple with skin (WAF, 230 g edible portion with skin). Fiber content of APF was matched to WAF and all study products were matched for available carbohydrates (AJ/APF/WAF, 24 g). Blood samples were collected to measure glucose and insulin concentrations at fasting (0 min) and multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was the difference in maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results Results indicated that Cmax values were not significantly different between 3 products (AJ −121.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL vs. APF- 120.8 ± 1.8 mg dL-1 vs. WAF 121.3 ± 1.8 mg dL-1, respectively, P > 0.05). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in APF compared to AJ and WAF (33.2 ± 0.8 min vs. 29.9 ± 0.8 and 29.6 ± 0.8, respectively, P < 0.01), as was the insulin T max (APF 34.0 ± 0.9 min vs. 28.0 ± 0.9 and 28.7 ± 0.9, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from AP into 235 g of AJ did not attenuate maximal postprandial glucose concentration. However, times to reach maximal glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly delayed in the group receiving pomace fiber added to apple juice compared to apple juice alone or whole apple fruit. Funding Sources Financial support for this study was provided by PepsiCo, Inc. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc.
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Zou, Leyu. "Option pricing and risk hedging for Apple." BCP Business & Management 32 (November 22, 2022): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v32i.2887.

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The Black Sholes Merton (BSM) model is one of the fundamental stochastics models in quantitative finance and the Merton Jump diffusion (MJ) model. This paper examines how BSM, and MJ behave on the European pricing based on 10 options chosen for Apple Inc, with BSM using RRS, SSE, and Historical Volatility, and MJ using SSE as calibration methods. Then delta-neutral hedging strategy is performed using the BSM on the historical data collected from the concessive 10 days. The BSM with RRS and SSE when pricing should be preferred, and the results are similar. The MJ and the BSM using Historical Volatility, however, do not work well when pricing. The delta-neutral hedging strategy is not ideal in this case, since it results in lower profits. The result possesses valuable insights for quantitative finance that calibration methods can significantly influence the accuracy of pricing, and the hedging method can limit the maximum profit.
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Gomes, Isabelly Borborema, and Isabel Lausanne Fontgalland. "Diferenciação como estratégia: um estudo de caso da Apple." E-Acadêmica 2, no. 3 (November 11, 2021): e362367. http://dx.doi.org/10.52076/eacad-v2i3.67.

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A Apple Inc. é uma das maiores empresas de tecnologia de nosso tempo e responsável por diversos produtos que insurgiram nas relações contemporâneas sociedade e tecnologia de informação digital. Com foco em uma estratégia de inovação tecnológica, constante e forte diferenciação de produtos, a Apple investe de maneira expressiva em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), tendo por diferencial competitivo a inovação em tecnologia de informação (T.I). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral entender e enquadrar a estratégia comercial da Apple como uma estratégia defensiva, através da MEC- metodologia de estudo de caso, onde se delineou o entendimento de toda a discussão em tela. Como resultados é imprescindível assinalar a inversão massiva em novos produtos e processos, serviços após venda e desenvolvimento de matriz suprimentos, alavancados por mudanças de não mais de dois anos.
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Shastitko, Andrey, Natalia Pavlova, and Nadezhda Kashchenko. "Antitrust regulation of product ecosystems: The case study of Kaspersky Lab. – Apple Inc." Upravlenets 11, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-3.

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Implementation of the ecosystem business model can not only bring significant gains to a company, but also entail additional risks, including those of violating antitrust laws. The article analyses the Apple Inc. ecosystem, which has recently become the subject of a number of complaints from independent software developers and of antitrust investigations. The study shows how a unique position within the ecosystem can lead a company to market dominance. As a result, actions aimed at creating preferential conditions for the company’s services can be interpreted as restricting competition through fostering a discriminatory environment and preventing independent software developers from entering the market. The analysis is based on public information about Apple’s actions against third-party developers and the recent investigation into the company’s conduct in response to the complaint by Kaspersky Lab. The reason for the initiation of legal proceedings was Apple’s actions setting new rules for the App Store and resulting in improper functioning of the parental control application “Kaspersky Safe Kids”. Methodologically, the study relies on ecosystem theory and the theory of industrial organization. The main research method is case study. The research demonstrates how Apple’s actions can be interpreted in terms of such concepts as essential facilities, tying practices, aftermarkets, and leveraging of market power. These concepts are applicable to Apple’s conduct, including the closed type of the ecosystem built by the company.
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Calvosa, Paolo. "La capacitÀ di innovazione strategica nei settori della convergenza digitale: il caso Apple Inc." MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 2 (June 2011): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2011-002008.

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Negli ultimi anni, il processo di convergenza sta modificando radicalmente le logiche competitive nei mercati digitali. Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato che nei settori caratterizzati da elevata dinamicitÀ, come quelli creati da tale processo, la leadership di mercato č detenuta da imprese che assumono il ruolo di ‘innovatori strategici'. In questi mercati la Apple Inc. ha raggiunto un vantaggio competitivo durevole avendo sviluppato una capacitÀ di innovazione strategica continua che le ha consentito, nei diversi business in cui ha diversificato, di deviare sistematicamente dalle regole tradizionali del ‘gioco concorrenziale' e di creare un valore superiore per i clienti. Obiettivo del lavoro č quello di fornire, sulla base dell'analisi del modello di business adottato dalla Apple, alcune indicazioni circa le scelte da adottare per agevolare lo sviluppo di una serie di innovazioni strategiche di successo nei settori della convergenza digitale.
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Jiang, Jiani, Jingyi Jin, Siyu Xu, and Xinjia Yang. "Apple Financial Analysis and Development Trend Research." BCP Business & Management 34 (December 14, 2022): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v34i.3113.

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Apple Inc is a world-renowned electronics company established in 1976 and went public in 1980. On January 4, 2022, Apple's market value exceeded $3 trillion which is equivalent to the GDP of the world's fifth largest economy. So, it is drawn numerous attention to Apple's financial position. To determine the financial status of a company and to assess whether the management is successful or not, choosing financial statement analysis is a necessary method. On the one hand, this analysis can assess the financial status of the company, the company's ability to operate and manage, and whether the business prospects are bright. On the other hand, this analysis can identify the problems of the company’s management and propose countermeasures to solve them. This paper combines case materials and financial data. First, from four aspects of profitability, operating, liquidity, and solvency, it uses trend analysis to analyze Apple's financial data, finds out the existing problems, and propose corresponding solutions to the problems. Secondly, it analyzes Apple's development ability from the two aspects of emergency resolution ability and enterprise business strategy and compares it with enterprises in the industry to propose solutions. This paper mainly analyzes Apple's financial level and development ability and puts forward targeted suggestions for investors to refer to.
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40

Lefebvre, Jean M., and Michael Gendron. "Teaching Case: New Product Development And Pre-Launch Plans For Tickets Sales, Inc." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v8i1.6737.

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Ticket Sales, Inc (TSI) [1] is a startup business that has received seed funding. TSI is using the seed funding to perform a number of feasibility studies that will enable it to seek first-round venture capital. TSI has already performed a technology feasibility study and a marketing feasibility study, including a 5-year total cost of ownership pro forma budget. Outside consultants were retained to perform the studies. The case presents the Marketing Analysis and Feasibility Study performed by Big Apple Marketing. The TSI management team desires a second opinion concerning the work of Big Apple Marketing[1] and this case asks that NYC Associates[1] prepare an assessment of the Marketing Analysis and Feasibility Study in light of documented best practices in new product development.
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Fatmala, Indra Ayu, and Hendra Setiawan. "ANALISIS WILLINGNESS TO PAY PREMIUM APPLE PRODUCT USERS IN INDONESIA." Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah) 5, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.562.

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Perkembangan industri 4.0 dan pandemi Covid-19 merupakan sebuah fenomena-fenomena besar yang terjadi di Indonesia. Adanya fenomena ini membuat masyarakat dituntut untuk mengikuti perkembangan jaman yang serba digitalisasi sekarang ini. Seiring dengan adanya fenomena ini pula, perkembangan gadget sangat berkembang pesat, berbagai macam perusahaan elektronik mengeluarkan produk terbaik mereka, tak terkecuali Apple Inc. Perkembangan merek Apple yang sangat pesat membuat peningkatan pangsa pasar perusahaan tersebut kian meningkat setiap tahunnya. Indonesia juga menjadi salah satu negara yang menjadi memiliki banyak konsumen pengguna merek Apple. Hal ini menjadi sebuah pertanyaan ketika seorang konsumen rela membayar lebih tinggi untuk sebuah gadget yang dijual Apple. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Willingness to Pay Premium muncul pada konsumen yang dipengaruhi oleh Brand Love, Brand Commitment, serta Brand Trust. Semua responden adalah pengguna produk apple yang ada di Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan PLS (partial least square) 6.0. dan pengujian analisi uji validitas dan reabilitas menggunakan SPSS 16. semua indikator valid dan reliabel. Hasil dalam pengujian ini menunjukan semua hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima dan positif.
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42

Baporikar, Neeta. "Innovation Management Case Study." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.311515.

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Apple Inc. (Apple), is one of the world's most valuable companies in terms of market capitalization. Apple led the global technology market by creating innovative products such as the Mac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, all of which redefined their respective markets. This case examines Apple's approach to innovation, and the founder's role to foster a culture of innovation and inspire employees to create game-changing products by thinking outside the box. Apple has always surprised the world with its innovation, beginning with the 1976 invention of the Apple I computer circuit board and progressing to become one of the world's most successful personal computer and electronic devices manufacturer and, more recently, smart devices. Adopting a systematic review method the focus here is to discuss the innovation management benefits of Apple's distinct and ever-changing organizational model and provide a SWOT analysis. Recommendations are then given based on the SWOT analysis so that other companies can adapt to this competing rapidly changing environment.
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Kurita, Junko, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Tamie Sugawara, and Yasushi Ohkusa. "Evaluating Apple Inc Mobility Trend Data Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: Statistical Analysis." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): e20335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20335.

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Background In Japan, as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 outbreak, both the national and local governments issued voluntary restrictions against going out from residences at the end of March 2020 in preference to the lockdowns instituted in European and North American countries. The effect of such measures can be studied with mobility data, such as data which is generated by counting the number of requests made to Apple Maps for directions in select countries/regions, sub-regions, and cities. Objective We investigate the associations of mobility data provided by Apple Inc and an estimate an an effective reproduction number R(t). Methods We regressed R(t) on a polynomial function of daily Apple data, estimated using the whole period, and analyzed subperiods delimited by March 10, 2020. Results In the estimation results, R(t) was 1.72 when voluntary restrictions against going out ceased and mobility reverted to a normal level. However, the critical level of reducing R(t) to <1 was obtained at 89.3% of normal mobility. Conclusions We demonstrated that Apple mobility data are useful for short-term prediction of R(t). The results indicate that the number of trips should decrease by 10% until herd immunity is achieved and that higher voluntary restrictions against going out might not be necessary for avoiding a re-emergence of the outbreak.
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Mappedeceng, Riko. "Pengaruh Citra Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Iphone pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Batanghari." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 6, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v6i2.304.

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The reason researchers chose the brand image against the decision to buy an iPhone smartphone in students of the Faculty of Economics, Batanghari University. To find out the brand image influences the decision to buy iPhone smartphones in students of the Faculty of Economics, Batanghari University, 2. To find out the influence of brand image on the decision to buy iPhone smartphones on students of the Faculty of Economics, Batanghari University. This study is descriptive to test hypotheses, this study sample is a student of the Faculty of Economics, Batanghari University which numbered 95 respondents by spreading questionnaires collection techniques using questions. Apple inc. It is a multinational corporation based in Silicon Valley, Cupertino, California and engaged in the design, development, and sale of goods that include consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. Apple Inc. It was founded on April 1, 1976 and was incorporated into Apple Computer, Inc. On January 3, 1977. On January 9, 2007, the word "computer" was removed to reflect Apple's focus on consumer electronics after the launch of the iPhone. SPSS Results equation Y= 1.190 + 0,607 X from this equation, it can be said that brand image variabel can be used as aa tool to predict purchasing decisions smartphone iPhone. The influence brand image on purchasing decision smartphone iPhone is 0,607. The relationship between variable brand image on the purchasing decision of smartphone iPhone the strong relationship has an effect on the strength of the influence between the two variables which can be seen from the correlation coefficients of 0,969 This model is able to explain 0,940 based on purchasing decision variables while 6% explained of this study is that the overall influence brand image on purchasing decisions is very good based on the hypothesis it is a positive known that there is relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions.
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AKESHOVA, M., and G. ARIPZHAN. "STRUCTURE AND PECULIARITIES OF THE CHALLENGE BASED LEARNING APPROACH." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/habarshy.vi2.598.

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Today’s students are presented with content-centric assignments that meet standards but lack a real-world context and opportunities for active participation. Because these assignments often fail to engage students, they can lead to uninspired work and a gradual process of disengagement. To address this need, Apple Inc. worked with teachers and leaders in the education community to develop a new approach to teaching and learning called Challenge Based Learning. Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a pedagogic approach for K12 education pioneered by education staff at Apple, Inc. that has its roots in problem-based learning and the work of John Dewey. The approach focuses on increasing student engagement. Unlike problem-based learning, CBL is a collaborative learning experience in which teachers and students work together to learn about compelling issues, propose solutions to real problems, and take action. The approach asks students to reflect on their learning and the impact of their actions, and publish their solutions to a worldwide audience. This article discusses the formation and characteristics of the Challenge Based Learning approach.
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Xia, Hui Chao, and San Yuan Zhang. "A Study on Product Materials Mental Imagery Perception of User Experience Design." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1599.

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Why are the product design of the Apple Inc. are so successful in the dog-eat-dog market? One of the most important reasons is that the mental imageries of product user experience design of Apple Inc. are close to the user's expectant material mental imageries.In this study, we want to gain the main mental imageries of information product materials user experience design of the target users (18-28 years old university students or the recent graduates in the east of China) in the near future of the next 1-2 years. We used Culture Scan, Contextual Inquiry, Semantic Differential Method, and the Coordinate of Mental Imagery to study. We discovered that the main mental imageries of information product materials user experience design of the target users in the near future of the next 1-2 years are high-technological and fashionable. We built a bridge from the the material mental imagery of the user to the material mental imagery of the designer. The actual demand of the consumers could be more easily understood by the company.
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Kim, Pulum. "Integrating Strategy and Culture: The Culture of Dedication in Samsung Electronics and Apple Inc." Journal of International Business and Economy 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2019.1.4.

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This study addresses the benefits and shortcomings of the organizational culture models employing organizational effectiveness and competitive advantage theories. Following the critical analysis of preceding literature, this study discusses the benefits of an integrative approach as demonstrated by the ABCD model for conceptualizing organizational culture for practitioners to proactively manage culture for enhanced firm performance. Also, by focusing on the sequential dynamics of ABCD model which denotes dedication as the originating point, this paper explores how the findings from organizational behavior can be integrated with the ABCD model to create a competitive corporate culture. For this purpose, Samsung Electronics and Apple Inc.’s leadership and human resource policies are and initial conditions that facilitate the creation of competitive culture are introduced through a qualitative case study approach.
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Fatmala, Indra Ayu, and Hendra Setiawan. "Analysis of Willingness to Pay Premium Apple Product Users in Indonesia." Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Manajemen (REKOMEN) 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rn.v5i2.4193.

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The development of infuatry 4.0 and the covid-19 epidemic is a major phenomenons that occurs in Indonesia. The existence of this phenomenon makes people are required to keep up with the developments of today's digitalized era. Along with this phenomenon, the development of gadgets is growing rapidly, various electronic companies are releasing their best products, including Apple Inc. Rapid development of the Apple brand makes the company's market share increase every year. Indonesia is also one of the countries that have many consumers who use the Apple brand. This becomes a question when a consumer is willing to pay higher for a gadget that Apple sells. The purpose of this study is to know how Willingness to Pay Premium appears on consumers who are influenced by Brand Love, Brand Commitment, and Brand Trust. All respondents are users of Apple products in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using PLS (partial least square) 6.0. And the validity and reliability tests were carried out using factor analysis in SPSS 16, all indicators were valid and reliable. The results show that all hypotheses in this study can be accepted and have a positive effect
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Damian, Cristina. "Influence of dietary fiber addition on some properties of yoghurt." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0003.

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AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of different dietary fibers on rheological properties of yoghurts fortified with these fibers [1, 2, 3]. Commercial fibers from apple and inulin were used. The effect of addition of dietary fibers in yoghurt [4, 5] was investigated by a rotational viscometer, Brookfield viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Inc., Model RV-DV I Prime) with RV spindles. The Brookfield viscometer DV I Prime with disk spindles represents an easy and cheap method for rheological characterization of non-Newtonian fluids, in this case of yoghurt. Syneresis and pH did not show any difference, while only apple fiber yoghurt showed colour differences compared to control.
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Brenes González, Humberto Antonio. "Evaluación del riesgo y rendimiento individual de las acciones de Apple, Inc. y de Microsoft Corporation." REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas 6, no. 11 (July 9, 2018): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v6i11.6147.

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La evaluación del riesgo y rendimiento de cualquier activo es fundamental en el proceso de toma de decisiones de inversión, por lo cual, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el riesgo y rendimiento individual de las acciones de las compañías Apple Inc. y Microsoft Corporation, a partir de los precios de las cotizaciones de las acciones de dichas compañías, durante el período comprendido del 1 de marzo de 2013 al 1 de marzo de 2018. Para determinar el riesgo y rendimiento, se procedió a utilizar diversas técnicas estadísticas tales como la media o promedio, rango, varianza, desviación estándar y el coeficiente de variación. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el rendimiento promedio de las acciones de Apple fue de 2.40% con una desviación estándar de 6.36%, mientras que para Microsoft fue de 2.38% y 6.08%. Se determinó a través del índice de desempeño que las acciones de Microsoft obtienen mayor rendimiento por cada unidad de riesgo asumido.
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