Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Applications biomédicales'
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Du, Moulinet d'Hardemare Amaury. "Complexes du technetium : applications biomédicales." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10095.
Full textHage, Charles-Henri. "Sources optiques fibrées pour applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907642.
Full textLaudrel, Edouard. "Gravure de titane pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2035.
Full textMiniaturization efforts are required in the field of implantable active devices in order to limit invasiveness and reduce the risks of complications following surgical operations. Progression margins for the reduction of dimensions tend to be reduced for current systems such as cardiac pacemakers, neurostimulators or in vivo autonomous sensors. A technological break is needed to push the limits of current systems. Titanium is a material with biocompatibility properties. It is stable and inert in contact with the human tissues.Moreover, its mechanical characteristics make it a promising material for the development of implantable microsystems. As a part of the MISTIC R&D project (Micro-Structuring of Titanium for Innovations in Cardiology), the main objective of this PhD thesis is to develop a technological brick on the deep etching of titanium for the integration of microsystems in active implantable devices. Studies on the deep etching of titanium into Cl₂ plasma have been carried out in order to determine the mechanisms involved. Further, by adding fluorinated species in the process through the creation of a new reaction pathway, an increase in the titanium etch rate and an improvement of the selectivity with the nickel hard mask were achieved. A process for titanium etching over a depth of 300 μm has been developed on 100 mm diameter wafers. The application of the results of these studies and the transfer of the process to the full wafer etching made it possible to produce the demonstrators with titanium-based electrical feedthrough
Vũ, Xuân Hòa. "Nanosondes plasmoniques pour les applications biomédicales." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077107.
Full textGold nanoparticles have remarkable optical properties due to their plasmon resonance. At resonance, their absorption and scattering cross-sections can be larger than their geometric section. This opens the way to many applications especially in the biomedical field. For example it is possible to track a single nanoparticle by its scattered signal, or use it as a source efficient photothermal transducer. In the first part, we have developed gold nanoparticles with half-sphere shaped, called nanocrescents, by nanosphere lithography. This reproducible technique allows the production of monodisperse nanocrescents, possibly incorporating other additional properties. In particular, we designed hybrid nanoprobes combining magnetic properties or fluorescence plasmonic properties. The anisotropic shape of nanocrescents gives them anisotropic optical properties that have the signature of their orientation. In a second part, we have developed a technique to measure local temperature from corrélations of the scattered light from an individual nanocrescent under dark field microscopy. The rotational Brownian motion of the nanoparticle gives access to the temperature of the immediate environment. Finally, in the third part, we have developed a photothermic setup using a laser that coincides with one of the plasmon resonances of the nanocroissants. These latter behave as nano-heater. The local increase of temperature was measured remotely, with an accuracy of approximately one degree, using the scattering correlation spectroscopy
Anastasiadou, Makrina. "Imagerie polarimétrique : développements instrumentaux et applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003712.
Full textScelle, Jérémy. "Polyrotaxanes de cyclodextrines pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066630/document.
Full textThis PhD project is focused on the development of cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes for biomedical applications. The objective is to use a modular building-block approach to synthesize functionalized polyrotaxanes for NIR fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. A library of functionalized cyclodextrins was obtained by a versatile ‘click’ reaction between fluorescent probes (BODIPY, Cyanine) or contrast agent (GdDOTA-monoamide) and mono- or bis-azido α-cyclodextrins. Their self-assembly properties were first studied on short axles and allowed the development of functionalized [3]rotaxanes for MRI. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the advantages of the supramolecular approach for the design of contrast agent with an enhancement of the relaxivities and better retention times in kidneys. The strategy was extended to obtain multimodal polyrotaxane architectures based on a poly(alkyl)ammonium thread. A new family of anionic threads based on alkylphosphate moieties was also developed. Thorough kinetic and thermodynamic studies revealed the ability of phosphates to act as pH-responsive stoppers enabling a selective threading of one or two cyclodextrins on small alkanediphosphate threads. Pseudopolyrotaxanes of α-CD were then obtained with poly(hexylene phosphate) and pave the way for the synthesis of functionalized ones. Finally, significant investigations in the post-functionalization of polyrotaxanes, polymerization of pseudo-rotaxanes as new synthetic pathway and pH-switchable rotaxane for controlled release were realized
Topala, Ionut. "Applications biomédicales des décharges a barrière diélectrique." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20105.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to enhance the biocompatibility of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using low pressure and atmospheric pressure plasma treatments. We compared two types of helium: an atmospheric pressure discharge (APD) in homogenous mode and a low pressure discharge (LPD) at 0. 4 mbar. Optical and electrical diagnostic was performed to study the discharges properties. Both types of treatment are inducing a hydrophilic character for our polymer, with a strong increase of the polar component of the surface energy. The hydrophilic character of the treated polymer is lost within a few days in air and in vacuum, while in water the polymer is not affected by ageing processes, keeping its properties for long time after the treatment. The LPD treatment seems to induce a superior molecular mobility at the surface, this conclusion being supported also by X-ray diffraction measurements and by infrared absorption spectroscopy that show a diminution of the crystalline fraction in the PET surface. The free energy of interaction in biological liquids is changed after plasma treatments. Blood proteins and cells loose their affinity for PET surface, the magnitude of the adsorption process being reduced. The new energetic characteristics of the PET surface allow the immobilization of drugs (anticoagulants, antibiotics, enzymes) after the appropriate choice of the complex polymer - solvent – drug
Dussart, Jade. "Phosphinates : des développements méthodologiques aux applications biomédicales." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131067.
Full textH-phosphinates represent an interesting scaffold in medicinal chemistry and require the development of reproducible methodologies for the conception of bioactive compounds. This is why a methodological study has been proposed for the Abramov reaction for the synthesis of hydroxyphosphinates. This method could also be applied to trivalent derivatives such as acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and activated esters for the formation of 1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphinates and phosphino-phosphonates. The understanding of each reaction was based on a detailed phosphorus NMR monitoring study which allowed the identification of the different synthetic intermediates and the understanding of the reaction mechanism. Thereafter, the method has been applied to functionalised substrates for biomedical applications such as their inhibitory activity evaluation on a cancer cell line. These compounds also permit to synthesise new gold nanovectors in order to evaluate their biologically activities on cancerous cell lines
Kessentini, Sameh. "Modélisation et optimisation de nanostructures plasmoniques : applications biomédicales." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0024.
Full textThe present work deals with the modelling and optimization of the plasmonic structures: nanostructured biosensor for early disease diagnosis, and gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. Both structures are based on interaction with light. For modelling, the electromagnetic scattering problem is therefore solved using Mie theory and discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The numerical model is extended to take into account many parameters of biosensors. Then, the validity of the model is checked through comparison to experimental results. To optimize such problems of continuous variables, the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is chosen. A plasmonic benchmark is introduced to test a set of algorithms and reveals some limitations. For this, we introduce a new memetic adaptive PSO (AMPSO) algorithm. The AMPSO is tested on a set of reference benchmark as well as the plasmonic benchmark and demonstrates its ability to find the global optimum solution rapidly. The optimization of biosensor shows that its sensitivity (given by the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy gain) can be improved six times compared with the best experimental results. The optimization of nanoparticules (maximization of light absorption) reveals, as well, improved results compared to previous studies. Moreover, the optimized nanoparticles are compared to each other. Finally, the design tolerance of these nanostructures is also discussed
Epherre, Romain. "Perovskites de manganèse nanométriques : vers des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14116/document.
Full textNanoparticles may be the next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. If they are magnetic,they are dedicated to applications such as MRI contrast agent, thermotherapy and controlled drugrelease. La1-xSrxMnO3 nanoparticles were selected because their Curie temperature (TC) may be tunedwithin the range of therapeutic temperature. Size sorted and disaggregated particles weresynthesized by the Glycine-Nitrate Process. Chemical and structural characterizations allowed abetter understanding of conflicting results found in the literature about the particle size-dependenceof TC. The possibility to use these nanoparticles for hyperthermia and MRI applications has beenconfirmed. Finally, their ability to heat has been used to crosslink thermosensitive macromoleculesall around them according to the new concept of locally stimulated chemistry
Li, Na. "Nanoparticules d'or fonctionnelles pour les applications biomédicales et catalytiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0106/document.
Full textThe design and molecular engineering of multi-functional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is of considerable interest towards applications in nanomedicine, molecular recognition, sensing and catalysis in aqueous environments. This thesis has been devoted to a variety of functionnalizations, in particular with the copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne Azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) using thecatalyst [Cu(I)(hexabenzyltren] Br for the introduction of polyethylene glycol,carborane, ferrocene, coumarin, cyclodextrin, drugs and fluorescent probes. The so called “clicked” ligands, 1,4 -bifunctional triazoles, that were formed in this way have been exensively used to stabilize AuNPs for biomedical and catalytic collaborative applications
Salette, Arnaud. "Développement de capteurs intégrés pour micropompes MEMS : applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952312.
Full textLoable, Carole. "Différentes approches d’ingénierie de surface pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI098/document.
Full textAISI 316L stainless steel is commonly used as biomaterial because of its desirable properties such as high corrosion resistance. They have, however, the problem of releasing metal ions upon corrosion that may cause allergies to both humans and animals. In addition, implant failures have been reported due to their limited resistance to localised corrosion. There is thus a need to find ways to improve their corrosion resistance. This thesis aims to evaluate different approaches intending to improve the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications using two strategies: (1) modification of the bulk composition and (2) surface modification.The bulk composition of 316L-type stainless steel was modified by adding nitrogen. Laboratory grades with controlled compositions were tested in chloride conditions at a wide range of pH and in simulated physiological conditions. The combination of Mo and N on the pitting potential was found to be beyond the sum of their individual effects, indicating synergy. The effect, however, was found to be pH-dependent, being largely present in acid to neutral chloride conditions and in physiological solutions, while diminishing in high pH. When tested in physiological conditions, this effect was even more beneficial with ageing. Nitrogen was found to enhance the repassivation of the Mo-containing stainless steel grade, driving the potential for passive film breakdown to higher values.The surface of AISI 316L was coated with Fe-based metallic glasses using laser cladding. The resulting coatings had different results depending on the alloy. The coatings of Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 and Fe60Cr8Nb8B24 showed a matrix with segregations, particularly of Nb, thereby lowering their corrosion resistance. On the other hand, the Fe48.6Mo13.9Cr15.2C14.4Y1.8B6 coating was found to be amorphous but with lower corrosion resistance than the substrate, due to the presence of defects.Ti and TiN were also coated on AISI 316L wires using a prototype for magnetron sputtering in moving deposition mode. In this study, static and semi-continuous modes of motion were used. Overall, the corrosion resistance of the coatings were lower than the substrate, increasing further with coating thickness. The presence of coating heterogeneity allowed for substrate-electrolyte interaction, driving forward corrosion and delamination with further immersion. Deposits of calcium phosphate were found on the coating surface after 14 days of immersion, indicating the possible favourability of bone material growth
Moussa, Amani. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oligomères de chitosane pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1120.
Full textChitooligosaccharides (COS) classically present several biological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-tumor and anti-fungal activity. In this work, we used COS for widely different applications, such as tissue engeneering of neuronal cells (blocking of perineuronal net formation), the complexation of iron cations (Fe2+ and Fe3+) for the synthesis of supermagnatic particle and finally for the development of advanced functional COS-based conjugates. In this partnership studies, we worked on the elaboration of controlled structure chitooligosaccharides in order to decipher their physico-chemical or biological properties. Further modification of chitooligosaccharides was performed in this thesis in two ways: modification via amine N-substitution and the modification via the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannofuranose (amf) aldehyde group located at the reducing end of chitooligosaccharides. The first COS types consist in the nitrous depolymerization followed by N-acetylation in order to (partly) control both the mean degree of N-acetylation and the degree of polymerization. The second consist in the synthesis of new COS-based building blocks functionalized at their reducing end by reductive amination and oximation with different clickable chemical groups (i.e. alkyne, alkene, azide, thiol, and hydrazide). Depending on the targeted functionalized COS, different analysis techniques were carried out to fully characterize such as NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, HPLC-chromotography, RAMAN spectroscopy and SEC chromatography. Specific chitooligosaccharides were studied in the objective to use them to modulate the perineuronal net of neurons, and the establishment of synaptic connections. We also showed that water soluble COS permit the precipitation of supramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a COS coating and succeded in decreasing their toxicity. Finally we have shown that COS-based building blocks could be useful intermediates for the development of advanced functional COS-based conjugates such as COS-b-PEG diblock copolymers
Loïc, Martin. "Analyse et interprétations expérimentales en polarimétrie de Mueller. Applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664642.
Full textEpelde, Elezcano Nerea. "Matériaux Hybrides nanostructures photoactifs pour des applications optiques et biomédicales." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3007/document.
Full textAlong this manuscript different hybrid materials are synthesized and extensively characterized for several uses: from optical to therapeutic applications. First, by the intercalation of different dyes, styryl 722 and pyronine-Y into several smectite clay films, macroscopically ordered system are obtained. Clay films are elaborated by spin-coating technique and the dyes are intercalated by the immersion of clay thin films into dye solutions. The effect of clay on the dye properties is deeply analyzed and its preferential orientation in the interlayer space of the clay is studied by the anisotropic response of the films to the linear polarized light. Second, large silica monoliths with embedded laser dyes with strong absorption and fluorescence bands in different region of the Visible spectrum are attained by sol-gel chemistry to obtain solid-state dye laser (SSDL) with good photo, thermal and chemical stabilities. Third, silica nanoparticles (NP) with suitable size (50 nm) and functionalized external surface are also synthesised by sol-gel chemistry. Through the encapsulation of fluorescent dye molecules in their core and by the grafting of photosensitizers on their shell, biocompatible nanoparticles for bio-imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications are prepared. In order to optimize their properties, a careful investigation of the photophysical properties and mainly the singlet oxygen generation of a large range of new photosensitizers based on chromophores known as BODIPYs, is previously carried out. Based on these results, some efficient BODIPYs are selected for grafting on silica nanoparticles in order to use them for PDT. The photophysical properties of all these hybrid materials are analyzed by absorption and fluorescence (steady-state and time correlated) spectroscopies, and the singlet oxygen measurements are monitored by direct method (recording the singlet oxygen luminescence at 1270 nm) and by indirect method (using selective chemical probe). Moreover, the hybrid materials are fully characterized by several techniques such as, SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, IR, DLS, BET
Martin, Loïc. "Analyse et interprétations expérimentales en polarimétrie de Mueller : applications biomédicales." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664642.
Full textAs part of this work is in the context of the Mueller polarimetric imaging. Indeed, the acquisition of images with polarimetric information can be very interesting to characterize spatially ordered micro environments such as biological tissues, particularly as a means of non-invasive biophysical investigation of possible alterations in biological tissues. The thirst chapter returns to the use of the optical wave as a biophysical investigation by addressing issues and challenges of optical imaging of biological tissues, complex environments where live absorption and diffusion. By studying the properties of biological tissues, including collagen, we justify the choice of polarimetric imaging as a contrast agent as part of our study. The second chapter defines the concept of polarization of light and the main mathematical tools for understanding and analysis. The third chapter discusses the techniques of decomposition of any Mueller matrix into simple elements, essential tools to retrieve relevant information contained in the experimental Mueller matrix. The fourth chapter presents the experimental device used in this study. This is a goniometer imager-polarimeter at 808 nm using rotating waveptates. The fifth chapter describes the influence of error propagation in the different Mueller matrix decompositions on the choice of the algorithm best suited to the experimental configuration. We present both a procedure for determining the adequate decomposition algorithm and a new “hybrid” based on the decomposition introduced in Chapter 3, which limits the propagation of measurement errors and to remove ail ambiguity about the matrices obtained. The sixth chapter presents the experimental results obtained in the study of radiation-induced damage to the skin. The seventh and final chapter focuses on the study of liver fibrosis. With images of different samples of liver, from healthy liver to liver cirrhosis (severe fibrosis), we show that the measurement of polarimetric parameters introduced, coupled with existing techniques, may be useful in identifying the stages of fibrosis
Moustaoui, Hanane. "Développement de nanovecteurs à base de nanoparticules d'or : Applications biomédicales." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD065.
Full textThe fight against cancer is a major challenge for public health, since cancer remains the leading cause of death in France. Conventional treatment like chemotherapy use very toxic products that induce large side effects. In this context, Gold nanoparticles (GNP) are of great interest thanks to their unique physical and chemical properties and are considered as promising agents for cancer therapy as drug delivery or photothermal agents. The aim of this thesis is to develop and study GNP and their interaction with biomolecules (proteins) in the framework of the cancer treatment. Firstly, two PEGyled GNP were synthetized and used as platform to develop nanovectors for doxorubicin ((DOX) anticancer drug), following two different strategies. The first strategy consists in synthesizing PEGyled GNP following “one-step” approach. Then the DOX loading on the nanoparticles was carried out by carbodiimide chemistry. The second strategy was performed by complexing DOX with gold ions, protected by PEG to form clusters. Afterwards these clusters are reduced to synthetize the GNP. The Physicochemical properties of these two kinds of GNP were characterised by TEM, optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Finally a cell viability study was carried out to compare the cytotoxicity effects of these two nanovectors on one pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1. In the second part, we studied the adsorption of three proteins of human blood serum (albumin, lysosime and glycoprotein) on citrate capped GNP. For this task, we have chosen to use scattering correlation spectroscopy as a tool to quantify the increase of the GNP hydrodynamic radius induced by the protein adsorption. The results showed that each protein has a specific orientation but also different binding affinity and cooperativity with the GNP surface. Finally, in the last part, we investigated the photothermal properties of citrate capped GNP of different sizes and shapes. The results show that the temperature rise depends on the plasmon resonance position compared to the excitation wavelength but also on the shape and the surface chemistry. This work was done to understand how photothermal effect produced by GNP can destroy cancer cells
Awajan, Arafat. "Détection et analyse des structures linéaires d'une image : applications biomédicales et industrielles." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2010.
Full textPopa, Cristina Liana. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et ultrasonore de matériaux céramiques pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0022/document.
Full textHydroxyapatite is one of the most commonly used material used for treating hard tissue diseases. Zinc is involved in each stage of bone tissue metabolism and a lack of it may determine the onset of osteoporosis. Doping hydroxyapatite with Zn ions may cause an improvement of the hydroxyapatite properties, thus resulting a better material, with enhanced physico-chemical properties. Devices based on collagen and hydroxyapatite inhibit the development of bacterial pathogens, reducing the risk of post-surgical infections. The goal of this thesis was to create new bioceramic materials with specific properties which could allow development of new applications in the medical field. Special attention was paid to the characterization of the physico-chemical and biological properties. In this thesis are reported for the first time non-destructive, ultrasonic spectroscopy studies performed on ceramic solutions. The thesis consists of six chapters, the first two comprised of general aspects, the following three chapters present original experimental results and the last chapter presents general conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the method of synthesis and characterization of bioceramic materials based on hydroxyapatite for possible biomedical applications. Furthermore, a new non-destructive method of characterization techniques based on ultrasounds is presented. The results presented in this study could create a premises of developing a rapid and effective technique for characterization of ceramic materials, which could be used in the future as a complementary technique widely used on different materials used in the medical field, especially in the orthopedic field
Hinostroza, Ramos Jessica Viviana. "Synthèse de métallophosphates poreux biosourcés pour des applications environnementales et biomédicales." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9658/document.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on the biosourced synthesis of metal phosphates in order to find solutions to the depletion of the natural phosphorus resources that are usually used for the preparation of the phosphorus-containing inorganic reagents (i.e., H3PO4). Hydrothermal synthesis of metal phosphates involved them for example. Porous metal phosphates have important properties in catalysis, adsorption and separation fields. However, there are also less explored domains such as biomedical and environmental ones where they are further used. During this thesis, the synthesis of biosourced porous zinc phosphates and aluminum phosphates has been carried out using different biomolecules (casein and nucleotides) by hydrothermal method. Many synthesis parameters were studied (pH, synthesis temperature, reagents concentration, influence of calcination conditions ...). Solids were characterized using different techniques (XRD, SEM, 31P NMR, N2 adsorption, spectrofluorimetry ...). The antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of zinc phosphates optionally enriched in silver nanoparticles synthetized with casein were evaluated on the bacterial strain Escherichia coli K 12 and STRO1A+ osteoprogenitor cells respectively. This work at the interface of materials chemistry and biology makes possible to consider the application of the prepared new metal phosphates for emerging biomedical and environment fields
Elmahmoudy, Mohammed. "Micro et nano-patterning de polymères conducteurs pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM027/document.
Full textBioelectronics uses electrical signals to interact with biological systems. Sensors that allow for electrical read-out of important disease markers, and implants/stimulators used for the detection and treatment of pathological cellular activity are only a few examples of what this technology can offer. Due to their intriguing electroactive and mechanical properties, organic electronics or π-conjugated materials have been extensively explored regarding their use in bioelectronics applications. The attractive mixed electronic/ionic conductivity feature of conducting polymers enables coupling between the electronic charges in the bulk of the organic films with ion fluxes in biological medium. The prototypical material of organic bioelectronics is the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). PEDOT:PSS is commercially available, water-dispersible conjugated polymer complex that can be cast into films of high hole and cation conductivity, good charge storage capacity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability. In the present work we investigate an approach to tailor the mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties of PEDOT:PSS and study their impact on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors. In addition, we study the effect of micro-structuring and nano-patterning on the electrochemical impedance of PEDOT:PSS- coated gold electrodes for future neural recordings and stimulation. Moreover we demonstrate the use of micro-patterned PEDOT:PSS in cell adhesion and migration
Gharbi, Kais. "Elaboration de nanoparticules d'or et de fer pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30282.
Full textNanoparticles, tools of innovation in the biomedical field, promise significant advantages, notably in terms of diagnostic and therapy. Gold nanoparticles of anisotropic shape, nanorods, nanoprisms, etc. exhibit light absorption in the near-infrared region, which is accompanied by a local increase in temperature. This local warm-up is used in therapies, such as photo-assisted hyperthermia. In the case of iron nanoparticles, their magnetic properties are of interest for applications. They are mainly used in medical imaging, iron nanoparticles being good contrast agents for MRI. In this thesis, we have been interested in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles of anisotropic shapes free of cationic surfactants as structuring agent, because of their toxicity. As alternative the polyol method has been used. Depending on the synthesis conditions, platelets or cubes with an unprecedented size (ca. 21-50 nm) for this king of synthetic method have been obtained. On the other hand, zero-valent iron nanoparticles of ca. 13 nm have been developed using an organometallic approach in order to obtain nanoparticles with a high magnetization, necessary for the envisaged applications. We have succeeded in transferring iron nanoparticles into water, while conserving a zero-valent iron core of ca.10 nm and therefore a strong magnetization, thanks to ligands bearing a phosphonic acid head group in order to anchor them to the surface of the nanoparticles. Preliminary measurements of their transversal relaxivity have been carried out, opening up promising prospects as contrast agent for MRI
Leclercq, Jean François. "Imagerie microonde active pour applications biomédicales : systèmes 2D et 3D monochromatiques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112285.
Full textThis work concerns microwave imaging systems, based upon the method of diffraction tomography. We can obtain informations about dielectric properties and physical parameters influencing them as, for instance, the temperature. The principle can be described in this way the abject under investigation is illuminated by a plane wave, with a wave length of about one centimeter. This creates inside the abject equivalent currents, which generate a diffracted field in the whole space. From the measure of the diffracted field, we can obtain the equivalent currents. We have studied the reconstruction algorithms, in two and three dimensions for multiview monochromatic systems, the improving of the resolution, and the decreasing of the total time for the obtention of an image, and also the numerical and experimental checkings of the theoretical results. We employ the spectrum of plane waves method which gives an easy relation between the Fourier transforms of the diffracted field and of the equivalent currents. Experimentally in three dimensions, we measured the electric field on a plane area with a microwave camera, using the modulated scattering technique. We have caracterised this camera and we present here the first results obtained with phantoms
Bousalem, Smain. "Synthèse, caractérisation et applications biomédicales de nouvelles particules colloïdales de polypyrroles." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077056.
Full textMerzouk, Safae. "Développement d'un dispositif microfluidique intégrant des microcapteurs pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10329.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to develop analytical microsystems which are composed of an assembly of microfluidic devices and microsensors for biomedical applications. the work done in this thesis is one of the solutions of biomedical problematic in terms of improving of portable instrumentations based on new technologies to help the medicine in town home care that could have very beneficial consequences in public health. one of the objectives of this work is, to develop a lithium sensitive microsensor for a better control of the concentration of lithium in a patient with manic-depressive treatment by respecting the normal therapeutic range desired to improve medical diagnosis and especially a very good selectivity with the sodium ion. the second objective is to develop a novel microsensor for improving the time to antituberculosis treatment (Isoniazid), respecting the therapeutic ranges and also, to help the clinical medicine to decrease the mortal level of tuberculosis in the world. the final point is the subject of the main objective of this thesis, it’s the development of microfluidic devices and their validation tests applied to the micromixers and microfilters developped by using the manufacturing technology based on silicon/glass. The assembly of the objectives is the concept of developing a lab-on-chip for medical analysis devices to encourage mobile medicine in order to ensure the main points of biomedical research in terms of reducing the gain cost and a rapid response time for medical diagnostic
Lalevée, Gautier. "Complexes polyélectrolytes d'acide hyaluronique et de chitosane pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1075.
Full textThis work is devoted to the elaboration of polyelectrolyte complexes systems combining two oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes and to the study of their potential application as - injectable dermal fillers. Hyaluronic acid as polyanion (carboxylic groups -COO as negative charges) was complexed with the only naturally-occuring polycation named + chitosan (amine groups -NH3 as positive charges). The factors impacting the formation of hyaluronic acid - chitosan complexes and their physico-chemical properties were investigated. We used a new technique of complexation developed in the laboratory through the desalting of highly salted mixtures, and systematically investigated the impact of pH in the range 2.5 - 6.5, corresponding to the complexation domain of hyaluronic acid and chitosan. This process allowed the progressive elimination of the salts and the slow restoration of the attractive electrostatic interactions resp onsible for the self-assembly of the two polyelectrolytes. Various physical forms were obtained: macroscopic aggregates, soluble complexes, colloidal suspensions or hydrogels. During this work, we observed for the first time the formation of hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogels exhibiting a very unusual hyper-stretchability, only at acidic pH. Therefore, an alternate approach consisted in taking advantage of the chitosan ability to gel in alkaline medium. By using a similar process, we were then able to form physically-crosslinked hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogels stable at physiological pH and osmolarity and still able to undergo high deformations. Moreover, these systems could be submitted to steam sterilization and could be formulated so as to be injectable. Hence, these hydrogels gathered all the conditions to be good candidates as injectable biomaterials, these hydrogels were then tested in vivo on a rabbit model to evaluate their biocompatibility and suitability for intradermal applications
Vysotskyi, Bogdan. "Récupérateur d'énergie vibratoire MEMS électrostatique à large bande pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS278/document.
Full textPresent work addresses question of MEMS capacitive vibrational energy harvesting for biomedical applications, and notably for powering an autonomous leadless pacemaker system. Such an application imposes several critical requirements upon the energy harvesting system, notably the sufficient miniaturization (<1cm³), power output in range of 1-10 µW, compatibility with Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI). This work addresses a problematic of MEMS energy harvester design, simulation, fabrication and characterization fulfilling such a requirement. Moreover, a gravity effect is studied and taken into account in the conception of the device to ensure the power output at various orientations of the harvester. To attain a heartbeat frequencies (1-50 Hz) and acceleration amplitudes (<1g), the use of nonlinear springs is proposed. A nonlinear stiffness is implemented in original way of introducing a natural bending mode shapes in the initial beam form. A mechanical description of bending mode coupling along with its impact on a reaction force of the suspension springs is presented. An innovative clean room technology based on silicon-on-glass (SOG) wafers is developed for the fabrication of the innovative energy harvesters with high width-to-depth aspect ratio. A straightforward and rapid low-temperature process with the possibility of future industrialization is validated by multiple experimental realizations of miniaturized MEMS energy harvesters. Fabricated microsystems are tested mechanically and electrically. Proposed theoretical model of the curved beam is validated with reactive force measurements of the MEMS springs. Energy harvesting experiments are performed for both harmonic and heartbeat mechanical excitations, which demonstrate the large bandwidth in low frequencies domain and a sufficiently large state-of-the-art power output for envisaged application under different orientations with respect to the gravity
Yan, Xingchen. "Study on Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biomedical applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA032.
Full textSelective laser melting (SLM), as an emerging additive manufacturing technology, enables manufacturing complex parts with advanced design. This technology is particularly suitable for biomedical applications, such as the production of personalized implants. Titanium alloys, and particularly Ti6Al4V, are widely used in medical industries because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In order to develop a specific bone substitution, the present research focuses on mechanical properties, post-treatment, light design and biological properties of SLM Ti6Al4V. The most important advances of this work are listed below.The microstructure of SLM Ti6Al4V samples was found to be dominated by acicular martensitic phase. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment resulted in a significant reduction of internal defects, such as residual pores and internal cracks. Untreated samples showed a poor fatigue resistance and low ductility. Heat treated samples (HT) exhibited a reduced tensile strength. However, the tensile behavior and fatigue resistance were improved in comparison with untreated samples. HIP treatment also reduced the tensile strength but improved ductility and fatigue behavior by eliminating internal defects.In order to improve the fatigue resistance of SLM Ti6Al4V, an advanced Surface Mechanical Attrition (SMAT) treatment technology was applied in the frame of this work. The results indicate that SMAT can introduce a nanostructured layer on the surface of samples. This nanostructure may result in an increase in mechanical strength and provide residual compressive stresses in the surface layer. As a result, SMAT samples demonstrated a significant improvement in fatigue strength in comparison with untreated samples, in both low and high cycling fatigue regimes. In addition, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was performed to enhance the biological activity by forming an oxidized film with calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the surface of SLM Ti6Al4V. The microstructure, morphology and chemical compositions of the MAO film prepared with different voltages were characterized. The results show that a coating with Ca and P was formed on the surface of SLM Ti6Al4V, and that it bonded well to the substrate after MAO treatment. It can be concluded that MAO treatment can improve the biological activity of SLM Ti6Al4V parts.Octahedral scaffold structures with a pore size of 500, 600 and 700 μm and porosity levels of 60% and 70% were designed, and corresponding porous structures were manufactured by SLM. The effects of pore diameter and porosity level on mechanical properties of SLM Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds, were systematically studied. In order to evaluate biological performances, in vitro / vivo tests were conducted to study proliferation, cell differentiation and bone growth on SLM Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds. The study indicates that porous scaffolds with a pore size of 500 μm and a porosity level of 60% is promising for the reproduction of bone defects
Blandin, Pierre. "Développement instrumental pour la microscopie de fluorescence résolue en temps : applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376116.
Full textCe travail s'est articulé autour de trois axes principaux : l'étude et le développement d'un dispositif d'excitation de la fluorescence basé sur un oscillateur laser solide picoseconde dont le spectre est élargi par effets non linéaires dans des fibres optiques microstructurées ; le développement et la caractérisation d'un dispositif de microscopie de fluorescence par onde évanescente (TIRF) couplé à une détection résolue en temps en plein champ ; et l'application de ce dispositif à l'étude d'un précurseur membranaire du peptide amyloïde impliqué dans la maladie d'Alzheimer.
Toth, Kalman. "Fonctionnalisation d' (endo)fullerène : de la science des matériaux aux applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862768.
Full textLadj, Rachid. "Elaboration de nanoparticule composite à propriétés optiques non-linéaires pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENA032.
Full textExogenous biomarkers based on hybrid nanoparticles with nonlinear optical properties were prepared as a contrast agent for second harmonic imaging and diagnosis of pathogenic cells. Iron iodate is one of the selected materials for this specific field due to its good second harmonic properties and its low toxicity. Iron iodate nanoparticles were synthesized by inverse microemulsion and inverse miniemulsion. In both cases, a good control of size and morphology was achieved. For biomedical applications, nanoparticles encapsulation was carried out in situ by reverse miniemulsion polymerization. Finally, encapsulation of potassium niobate nanoparticles with a biocompatible polymer was conducted. Their interest was demonstrated in vitro by second harmonic imaging studies
Dobbelaar, Martinus. "Conception et réalisation de systèmes d’exposition plasma nanoseconde pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3040/document.
Full textCold plasmas in atmospheric pressure air have been used in many different applications in the past few years. Because of its high chemical reactivity, cold plasma treatment appears to be a promising solution for biomedical applications. In this context the study and realization of nanosecond plasma exposure devices for biomedical applications are presented :• the first exposure device generates DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) on a nanosecond time scale (ns-DBD). The biological sample acts as an electrode. The discharges develops in the air gap be- tween the dielectric layer and the biological sample.• The second exposure device generates surface DBD on a nanosecond time scale (ns- SDBD). The discharge develops along the dielectric layer surface close to an active electrode. During plasma exposure, the biological sample faces the discharge device. By contrast to the DBD configuration, the discharge is not in direct contact with the surface of the solution.Both exposure devices are designed in a same way,. the dimensions allow plasma treatment of biological sample contained in a standard Petri dish. The biological targets are cancer cells in a liquid culture medium. The work is mainly experimental. It focuses on the electrical characterization of discharges. The plasma is created using short (10-14 ns of FWHM) high-voltage (up to 4 or 11 kV) pulses of fast rise times (2-5 ns depending on the pulse generator). In the ns-DBD configuration the energy deposited into plasma per pulse is in the order of millijoule. In the ns-SDBD configuration, we calculated the energy deposited into plasma per pulse in a range of tens of μJ. A preliminary study on treatment of biological samples by ns-SDBD plasma is performed. The glioblastoma cells viability was presented as a function of the energy deposited into plasma per pulse. According to this preliminary result the ns-SDBD plasma has an influence on the viability of the cells in the given conditions
Donnay, Martin. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation de membranes polymères poreuses pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0228.
Full textThe "bioartificial pancreas" (named MAILPAN for Macro-encapsulation d’ILots PANcréatiques) developed by the startup company Defymed is an implantable device for patients diagnosed with type I diabetes. The core element of the device is a porous membrane providing molecular selectivity. The emergence of cracking in this membrane would lead to the loss of its selective properties. As a consequence, it is crucial to study and understand the mechanical behavior of this material in order to ensure its integrity during the lifetime of the device. This thesis is a part of the FUI MECABARP project, gathering together SMEs and laboratories from the Lorraine and Alsace regions. The membrane is a unique material obtained by laminating several porous polymer materials. It is made of porous “track-etched” films as well as thermal-spot bonded nonwovens. The objective is to study its deformation mechanisms using time-resolved imaging and characterization techniques during a tensile test. X-ray micro-tomography and wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed on high energy beamlines. These results were supplemented with time-resolved scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy experiments during a tensile test. The synergy of the chosen techniques enables a multi-scale approach (from millimeter to angström) in order to obtain the most comprehensive analysis. Solutions are suggested to improve the mechanical properties of the membrane. Besides, a mechanical testing device by inflation (“bulge test”) has been designed to provide an equibiaxial mechanical path that is closer to the actual demands
Moisescu, Georgeta Mihaela. "Effets des champs électromagnétiques sur la membrane cellulaire et applications biomédicales potentielles." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114814.
Full textThis thesis reports the effects of electromagnetic GSM mobile phones pulses (900MHz, 217Hs, 576µs) with SAR (specific absorption rate) up to 4. 6 W/kg on cellular endocytosis and mitosis. The results here presented report that the fluid phase endocytosis of different cells in culture is stimulated 1. 4 fold under GSM exposure to average SARs above treshold values from 1. 3 to 2. 6W/kg without any bulk temperature increase. The effect was revealed using two exposure setups: a wire patch cell and a TEM cell, at 30°C. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the endocytotic pathway perturbed by the GSM exposure. A similar stimulation was observed under exposure to electrical pulses comparable to GSM electrical component suggesting that this electrical component is at the origin of endocytosis perturbation. The GSM exposure of 2. 2W/kg local SAR applied for 1h did not affect the mitosis progression, the total mitosis duration or each mitotic phase duration in our experimental conditions
Fawaz, Farah. "Simulation multidimensionnelle d'un jet de plasma froid d'hélium pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30204.
Full textThe cold plasma jets can be generated in helium-air mixtures by circulating helium in a tube that opens to the ambient air and by feeding pulsed high voltage on annular electrodes glued around the tube. Experimental studies have shown that these plasma jets are in fact composed of a succession of ionization waves guided by the helium channel. These ionization waves generate charged or unloaded active species that can be applied to animal or plant cells or serve to activate a liquid medium. The applications are multiple and concern, for example, scarring, cancer treatment, decontamination, cellular activation or help with germination and plant growth. The aim of this thesis is to build, using the COMSOL commercial software, a 2D model of the gas mixture flow coupled to ionization wave dynamics to better understand the formation of the discharge and the physicochemical characteristics of the jet that flows from it. The simulation of these devices is however very complex because of (i) the dependence of the chemical kinetics and the transport phenomena of the charged species as a function of the composition of the helium-air mixture, (ii) the mutual influence of the flow on the discharges and discharges on the flow and (iii) the dynamics of the ionization waves which requires steps of evolution time of the order of the picosecond and a spatial mesh of a few micrometres. On the basis of a 0D model of chemical kinetics in helium-air mixtures including more than 1000 reactions and a little less than 100 species, a chemical analysis and reduction work was done to extract an optimum game representative of the chemical kinetics. This model takes into account both the initial concentration variations of the species in the mixtures and the modifications of the energy distribution functions of the electrons. In a second step, a 2D model was developed to simulate the formation and propagation of ionization waves in helium-air jets using COMSOL. The ionization waves being very dynamic and lasting only a few hundred nanoseconds, we considered that the flow remained static on this time scale. The evolution of the charged species is followed using the fluid model order 1 and the necessary basic data are calculated as a function of the reduced electric field E/N and the helium-air concentration by solving the Boltzmann equation. The simulations followed the formation and the propagation of a discharge in plasma jet devices consisting of a dielectric tube and two annular electrodes. The results clearly show the formation of an initial ionization wave concentrated around the axis of the tube, which then splits to form an annular discharge that propagates along the dielectric tube to its exit. A parametric study was carried out on the wave propagation at the outlet of the tube as a function of the flow velocity of the gas in the tube
Bertino-Ghera, Bernard. "Synthèse et auto-organisation de cyclodextrines aphiphiles fluorées, vers des applications biomédicales." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10321.
Full textThis work concerns the synthesis of new cyclodextrins substituted by perfluoroalkyl chains. The introduction of such chains should lead these new amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembly in aqueous media, to an increase of their stability as carriers for medicinally active substances, and to an improvement of drug availability of encapsulated bio-actives molecules. The first part of this work treats the synthesis these new modified macrocycles. Cyclodextrins are functionnalized at the primary face by perfluoroalkylpropanethio- chains of different length (C4F9, C6F13 and C8F17). The number of these chains can be controlled (2, 4, 6 or 7). O-2, O-3 methylated analogues were prepared in order to improve the solubility of these derivatives in organic solvents. Alkylated cyclodextrin analogues were synthesized as reference compounds in order to determine the effect of the fluoroalkylated chains. In a second part, the self-organisation properties of these new amphiphilic cyclodextrins were studied. All these compounds self-assemble in the form of spherical nanospheres in water. The encapsulation efficiency of an anti-viral agent and drug release rates are discussed
Bouchoucha, Meryem. "Développement de nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse multifonctionnelles : synthèse, caractérisation et applications biomédicales." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28243.
Full textMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications owing to their unique properties: tunable size, high surface area, large pore volume, adjustable morphology and easily modifiable surface. The main objective of this thesis is to control these parameters to develop multifunctional MSNs for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. First, a selective surface functionalization strategy of MSNs was developed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe molecule and polyethylene glycol was grafted preferentially at the outer surface. This approach is a straightforward and efficient strategy that leads to the design of potential theranostic nanoparticles without porosity loss and with high drug loading capacity. These nanoparticles not only have a remarkable MRI positive contrast enhancement but also allow a controlled drug release in physiological conditions. Then, the particle size control and surface chemistry functionalization of MSNs led to better control over loading and release of positively charged drug (doxorubicin (Dox) was used as an anticancer drug model), intracellular drug release efficiency, intratumoral diffusion, as well as tumor growth inhibition and therapeutic efficiency. Better performances were obtained with small phosphonated nanoparticles (< 50 nm). Afterwards, we demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, the impact of size and bioconjugation of MSNs with the antibody "Ri7" on the specific targeting of blood brain barrier endothelial cells (BMEC). 50 nm Ri7-MSN nanoparticles were shown to accumulate specifically and massively in BMEC. These results open the door to the potential application of such nanoparticles for therapeutic drug delivery to the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier, which are involved in several central nervous system diseases. Finally, labeling MSNs with fluorine compounds and gadolinium chelate molecules led to the development of nanoparticles as potential binuclear MRI probes (1H and 19F). These nanoparticles have shown their excellent relaxometric properties and their ability to be detected and generate a positive contrast in 1H and 19F MRI image. All this work represents a significant advance in the design of high colloidal stability silica-based nanovectors, which could provide novel theranostic nanocompounds.
Sarron, Vanessa. "Etude et optimisation d'une décharge "Plasma Gun" à pression atmosphérique, pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2083/document.
Full textThe use of plasmas, thermic or low pressure, in biomedical goes back up to 1970s. During these last years, atmospheric pressure cold plasma jets have been developed, allowed an increase of biomedical applications of plasmas. In GREMI, a plasma jet was developed : the Plasma Gun (PG). The plasma generated by the PG propagates on long distances inside capillaries. The optimization of the aimed treatments requires a detailed study of the discharges created by the PG. The characterization of the PG highlights the generation of Pulsed Atmospheric pressure Plasma Streams or PAPS, these last ones propagating from the reactor to the capillary outlet (ambient air) where they generate a plasma plume. These PAPS present two propagation modes, during which a connection between the ionization front and the reactor is present permanently. These two modes named respectively Wall-hugging and Homogeneous, differ mainly by the morphology and their propagation velocity. These modes have common characteristics, such as the possibility of division or meeting of PAPS, as well as the transfer of PAPS through a dielectric barrier or via a hollow metal capillary. The study of the plasma plume underlined the importance of the length of capillaries on the length of the plasma jet. Furthermore, the generation of the plasma has a very strong influence on the gas flow and the jet structuration during air expansion
Hafaid, Imen. "Études physico-chimique de capteurs à base de nanomatériaux pour des applications biomédicales." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0052/these.pdf.
Full textIn this study, we have tried to tried to develop two impedimetric immunosensors based on nanomaterials such as the modified conducting polymers and the functionalised gold nanoparticules. The first step of development of the immunosensor based on a modified conducting polymer thus consisted in to optimise the electrical conditions of the immunodetection. Tests of antigen detection were carried out in human plasma and blood in order to develop this immunosensor for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The implementation of this last was studied by carrying out the D-Dimer detection, in blood samples of the patients reached disease DVT, using microelectrodes in order to lead to the miniaturization of the biosensor device. The study by comparison between a biosystem with a reagent of proteinic bridging and a biosystem with functionalised gold nanoparticules for biotin detection allowed the development of an immunosensor based on functionalised gold nanoparticules. Various characterizations techniques were used for deveopment of the immunosensors. The in-situ Control eitheir by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Optimisation and electrical characterization as well as the label-free detection without marking were carried out by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the intermediate molecular layers characterization such. The results obtaines for the both immunosensors showed that the use of these nonmaterials caused an improvement of the sensitivity detection of the specific antigen with a good stability, reproducibility and a lowering of detection limit
Tîlmaciu, Carmen-Mihaela. "Synthèse et remplissage de nanotubes de carbone double-parois pour des applications biomédicales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1169/.
Full textNarrow double-walled CNT (DWNT) were prepared by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD), using a MgO-based catalyst, which was reduced at 1000 °C in a mixture of H2/CH4, containing 18 mol % of CH4. The selectivity towards DWNT is ca. 80%. Before and after purification in air, these tubes with inner diameters < ou = 2 nm were filled by capillary action with iron and cobalt precursors (FeI2, FeCl2, FeCp2 or CoI2) in melted phases, followed by reduction in H2, in order to prepare magnetic nanowires inside the DWNT for hyperthermia application. The Mössbauer characterizations after reduction of the iron halides@DWNT in H2, have evidenced the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe(III) oxides (SPION), which present very high interest, as they are sensitive to magnetic fields, without retaining magnetisation after removal of the latter. In parallel, after reduction of the CoI2@DWNT, AGM and SQUID measurements revealed the presence of ferromagnetic nanowires of cobalt confined in DWNT (collaboration with IFW-Dresden, Germany). Using the same method of filling in melted phase, gadonanotubes (Gd3+@DWNT) were synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary measurements of relaxation times and the control of possible leaks of metal outside DWNT were achieved on several samples with different concentrations of gadolinium. The results are encouraging: Gd3+@DWNT samples present a good stability in time (over twenty three days) and high relaxivities (about five times greater than the current main clinical agents) - collaboration with the Hospital of Purpan-Toulouse, France. Filling in solution with chloroquine diphosphate salt, an antimalarian drug was also successfully achieved. Luciferase assay, MTT toxicity test, as well as HRTEM, EDX and elemental analysis were performed, in order to prove the filling and to quantify the percent of the drug in the sample (collaboration with the University of Surrey, England)
Lefaix, Hélène. "Elaboration et caractérisation structurale d'alliages Ti45Zr38Ni17 hypertrempés : étude physico-chimique pour applications biomédicales." Paris 6, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003962.
Full textBlaise, Benjamin. "Développements méthodologiques et applications biomédicales en métabonomique basée sur RMN de l'organisme entier." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0568.
Full textMetabonomics aims at the understanding of the reponse of a living organism to pathophysiological stimuli; NMR, in particular HRMAS, is a very suitable method for the acquisition of metabolic information on a system; Statistical analyses allow the condensation of the high-density information for the generation of hypothesis concerning the metabolic consequences of pathophysiological perturbations. Whole organism NMR on the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans allows the identification of metabolic phenotype associated with mutations considered as silents. This works opens up perspectives for the functional genomics of C. Elegans and the complete mapping of C. Elegans genome by metabonomics. Various confounding factors, which can mislead the biological interpretaion, can be managed to certify HRMAS as a robust approach for C. Elegans functional genomics. The recovery of biomarkers from the metabolic signature is not easy. We have developed of a variables recoupling scheme to identify biological NMR variables before significance testing by the Benjamini-Yekutieli correction. This approach allows the extraction of the perturbed metabolic network (R-STOCSY). These methods were applied to cell lines, which model the role of the protein menin in the type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia. This approach allows the functional characterisation of MEN 1 mutations, by assessing their metabolic expressivity on a metabolic axis discriminating the over-expression of wild type or pathogenic mutations of menin. Such a functional test would allow the discrimination between pathogenic mutants and polymorphisms from blood samples
Gontard, Gwenaëlle. "Synthèse de nanoconjugués PEG-PLA pour des applications biomédicales : libération contrôlée et Imagerie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30279.
Full textThis PhD thesis is based on a joint between Sanofi in Vitry-sur-Seine and LHFA. This work consists in the development of new nanovectors based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymerics conjugate that enable to encapsulate, transport and deliver therapeutic agents. Previous works in the laboratory have shown that the release of hydrophobic drugs, such as Cabazitaxel, a taxane derivative, could be controlled by the architecture of the conjugated PEG-PLA. In the first chapter, a study was realized to improve the release kinetics of the drug, taking advantage of the difference of pH between healthy and cancerous tissue. Different linkers (linking the drug to the copolymer) having a pH dependent behavior have been studied, such as hydrazone, acetal and β-thiopropionate. The boronic ester bonding, dynamic function of pH, was also studied in order to destroy the NP and indirectly improve the release of drug. The synthesis and the evaluation of various conjugates have shown that the amphiphilic polymeric structure of the conjugates significantly inhibited the expected pH-dependent behavior. In the second chapter, several technologies such as targeting or imaging were studied. The influence of the Y and L-shape on the recognition and imaging properties was analyzed. The Y-shape offers advantages like the amount of ligand required for optimal active targeting and better visualization, in comparison with the results obtained with the L conjugates. The method of co-nanoformulation allowed to adjust the ligand amount or imaging probe within the NPs. In the third chapter, the synthesis and efficiency of (bi)pyridinium salts as catalysts for the ROP of ε-caprolactone are presented. A collaborative behavior with dication bipyridiniums is bearing two hydrogen bonds (IHBD) was demonstrated for the activation of the ε-caprolactone, with greater ROP activities compared to systems involving the participation of only one H bond. The best systems were evaluated in more details and allowed access to polymers with a molecular weight of up to 13 000 g / mol
De, Crozals Gabriel. "Multi-fonctionnalisation par synthèse supportée de nanoparticules de silice pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10264.
Full textNanomaterials combining targeting, imaging, therapy and sensing properties are of growing interest for biomedical applications. The work reported in this thesis concerns nanoparticle (NP) multifunctionalization by solid phase synthesis. The solid support developed in this study is composed of a porous glass material on which silica NPs are temporarily grafted. Nanoparticle surface functionalization was performed by automated synthesis using phosphoramidite chemistry. Firstly, high surface loadings from 5000 to 7000 oligonucleotides per NP were achieved, representing a functionalization 10 to 20‐fold greater than those obtained by coupling methods in solution. DNA strands synthesized on NPs showed a good accessibility for hybridization with a complementary DNA strand, paving the way for therapeutic applications or integration of these objects in detection systems. The second part of this work was devoted to the vectorization of a therapeutic protein, GCSF (Granulocyte‐Colony Stimulating Factor) by nanoparticles that also exhibited imaging properties. These therapeutic nanocarriers showed cell stimulating properties in vitro and spleen targeting, which is a reservoir of neutrophils, in vivo. Finally, it was demonstrated that the solid phase modification of NPs opens interesting perspectives for the production of complex nanoparticle assemblies (dimers and asymmetric NPs)
Maximova, Ksenia. "Synthèse de nouveaux nanomateriaux par ablation laser ultra-brève en milieu liquide pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4091/document.
Full textInorganic nanomaterials are of a major interest for numerous applications, specifically bioimaging, biomedicine, catalysis, and also surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. In most cases, the purity of the employed material is a key factor. Often the conventional chemical ways of synthesis cannot provide the desirable cleanliness. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and develop a laser-based synthetic concept for the fabrication of Au and Si-based nanoparticles with controlled parameters, free of surfactants and toxic by-products. The engaged approach includes two steps: 1) the generation of a raw suspension of micro- and nanoparticles by either mechanical milling or preliminary ablation of a target; 2) ultrafast laser-induced fragmentation from the suspended colloids leading to the formation of stable, non-aggregated, low-size dispersed and crystalline nanoparticles. In particular, we focus on the technique of the synthesis of bare Au nanoparticles with tunable size between 7 and 50 nm in the absence of any ligands. Moreover, this technique allows performing the in situ coupling of the Au nanoparticles with organic molecules and alloying at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we show the possibility of tuning the mean size and the thickness of the oxide shell of Si nanoparticles by varying the initial concentration of microparticles, the pH and the amount of dissolved oxygen. Finally, we demonstrate the optic and plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by the techniques established in our work and their potential for the applications in catalysis and biomedicine
Molina, Émilie. "Matériaux hybrides mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des polymères : élaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et applications biomédicales." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0024.
Full textMesostructured hybrid materials were prepared by using original silica-structuring agents, which are polyion complex (PIC) micelles. A great advantage of PIC micelles is that they can be reversibly assembled in aqueous solution by varying physico-chemical parameters. PIC micelles are formed by electrostatic complexation between a neutral-anionic double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged agent of micellization; here a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) PEO-b-PAA (synthesized by controlled radical polymerization by atom transfer ATRP) and commercial polyamines (oligochitosan OC or aminoglycoside antibiotics) were respectively used. First, the influence of various parameters (pH, temperature, concentration) on PIC micelle association properties was investigated in aqueous solution. Then, the effect of these parameters on the silica mesostructuring process was studied, it provides a better understanding of the formation mechanisms. It was shown that varying interactions between constituents allows to control the mesostructure (hexagonal, lamellar, wormlike) and the material morphology (nanoparticle, microparticle). Finally, the versatility of the approach has been demonstrated with PEO-b-PAA/aminoglycoside systems. Drug-loaded ordered mesostructured materials were prepared following a one-pot route. Moreover, taking advantage of the high degree of functionality of DHBC polymers and of the reversibility of the micellization, polyacid-functionalized mesoporous materials were directly prepared by selectively extracting the micellization agent. PAA-functionalized silica materials were then used to complex diverse active entities such as drugs, whose delivery could be pH-controlled
Nardin, Philippe. "Étude thermocinétique des échanges aux interfaces solide-air par analyse et traitement d'images infrarouges : applications biomédicales et industrielles." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2001.
Full textKahalerras, Mohamed Khaled. "Caractérisation des matériaux piézoélectriques dédiés à la génération des décharges plasmas pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0019/document.
Full textDue to intensive development efforts during the past decade, piezoelectric transformers havebecome an attractive alternative solution compared to the con-ventionally used technologies forcold plasma generation. Their high efficiency, thin-shaped dimensions and low voltage supplymake them serious and original candidates for numerous low power applications, particularly inbiomedical field. Operating as a plasma generator, the electromechanical conversion within thetransformer is accompanied by mechanical and dielectric losses, often converted into heat. On topof these effects, the discharge is likely to influence the electrical behavior of the device. Thedynamic and highly non-linear evolution of the dis-charge leads to an unknown behavior ofelectrical properties. Consequently, the transformer supply stage is an active research subject inthe same way as the trans-former itself. Moreover, considering the configuration of the generationprocess, which positions the piezoelectric material as the source and the spot of the plasmadischarge, it becomes necessary to consider the viability of the device. The ioniza-tion of thegaseous environment surrounding the generator causes complex elec-tronic effects, which canlead to material deposition on the surface of the generator and thus modify or even degrade it. It iswithin this framework, at the interface between electrical engineering and material science, thatthis thesis is articulated. A first part is intended to develop a setup for numerical control of thedevice using a digital phase-locked loop to ensure its continuous operation in different operatingconditions. Subsequently, a model of the plasma generator in configurations close to dielectricbarrier discharges is proposed; Simulations allow an estimation of the discharge power from anexperimental identification of the model parameters. In a second part, we seek to establish acorrelation between the material structure and its electrical properties based on a multi-scalecharacterization methodology, before and after plasma discharge. The study focuses mainly onthe surface evolution in terms of the crystalline structure and the chemical composition, related tothe over-all properties of the piezoelectric transformer before and after discharge generation.Finally, a temperature study that concerns the investigation of the effects of self-heating of thegenerator in this operating mode is performed
Linkov, Pavel. "Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique et optique de nanocristaux fluorescents pour les applications biomédicales." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMP201/document.
Full textDevelopment of the fluorescent nanoparticles referred to as quantum dots (QDs) has become one of the most promising areas of materials sciences. In this study, a procedure of synthesis of QDs, which includes the synthesis of ultrasmall CdSe cores, high-performance purification, core coating with an epitaxial ZnS shell has been developed. This approach has allowed obtaining 3.7-nm QDs with a quantum yield exceeding 70%. The QDs have been used: to engineer compact conjugates of QDs with the novel acridine derivatives, which have a high affinity for the telomere G-quadruplex; to demonstrate their inhibitory effect on telomerase, an important target of anticancer therapy; and to accelerate transmembrane penetration of ultrasmall QDs into cancer cells while retaining a high brightness and colloidal stability. The results of this study pave the way to the engineering of multifunctional nanoprobes with improved intracellular penetration, brightness, and colloidal stability