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Farsi, Mehdi. "Applied microeconomics and econometrics." Zurich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Centre for Energy Policy and Economics (CEPE), 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=habil&nr=31.
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Sam, Abdoul Gadiry. "ESSAYS IN APPLIED ECONOMETRICS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194539.
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The first essay of this dissertation studies the determinants and effects of firms' participation in a voluntary pollution reduction program (VPR) initiated by government regulators. This research presents empirical evidence in support of the "enforcement theory" for VPRs, which predicts that (1) participation is rewarded by relaxed regulatory scrutiny; (2) the anticipation of this reward spurs firms to participate in the program; and (3) the program rewards regulators with reduced pollution. The results also indicate that firms' VPR participation, and pollutant reductions themselves, were prompted by a firm's likelihood of becoming a boycott target and/or being subject to environmental interest group lobbying for tighter standards.In the second essay, a nonparametric regression estimator which can accommodate two empirically relevant data environments is proposed. The first data environment assumes that at least one of the explanatory variables is discrete. In such an environment, a "cell" approach which estimates a separate regression for each discrete cell, has generally been employed. The second data environment assumes that one needs to estimate a set of regression functions that belong to different individuals. In both environments the proposed estimator attempts to reduce estimation error by incorporating extraneous data from the other individuals or "cells" when estimating the regression function for a given individual or "cell". The simulation results for the proposed estimator demonstrate a strong potential in empirical applications.In the third essay, the nonparametric approach proposed in the second essay is used to estimate the parameters of the short-term interest rate diffusion. The nonparametric estimators of the drift of the short rate proposed by Stanton (1997) and Jiang (1998) can produce spurious nonlinearities due to the persistent dependence and limited sampling period of interest rates. The simulations show that the proposed estimator significantly attenuates the spurious nonlinearities of Stanton's nonparametric estimator. An empirical study of the US term structure of interest rates is presented based on the proposed estimator and two other competing models. The results suggest that the estimation of the short rate diffusion parameters using additional data from yields of different maturities has significant economic implications on the valuation interest rate derivatives.
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Reggio, Ojeda Iliana Gabriela. "Essays in applied econometrics." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1693063571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hou, J. Mark (Jie Mark), Eric Sodomka, and Moses Nicolás E. Stier. "Topics in applied econometrics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107319.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "with Eric Sodomka and Nicolas E. Stier-Moses"--Page 6 [Below title of Chapter 1].<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Chapter 1 focuses on the problem of predicting equilibrium outcomes in large online auction markets. For online retailers, content publishers, and search engines, predicting how the behavior of their auction markets might respond to policy changes is an important business problem. However, this problem is challenging due to both the size and the complexity of such real-world markets. We introduce a method for predicting how various statistics of such markets adjust to changes in supply and demand by: (1) modeling the auction market mechanism as a Walrasian mechanism, (2) coarsening the resulting Walrasian market via a stochastic block model, (3) computing the Walrasian equilibrium of this coarsened market through sampling, and (4) using the resulting equilibrium, together with some reduced-form adjustments, to approximate the equilibrium of the initial auction market. We demonstrate the internal consistency of this method through formal proofs and synthetic experiments, and demonstrates its accuracy by comparison with the equilibrium outcomes of a more realistic pacing-based model of auction markets. Chapter 2 introduces a model of consumer choice in which consumers simplify their latent high-dimensional preference vector into a low-dimensional one used for choosing products. This assumption induces a particular population structure over consumers' simplified preferences, which allows for tractable estimation in high dimensional settings. Estimation is performed via a stochastic gradient descent-based algorithm, and we evaluate its performance through a variety synthetic benchmarks. We also estimate the model on consumer consideration data, finding that the average consumer uses only 6 of 16 product attributes when forming their consideration set, and that this leads to a utility of loss of 2 - 3% on average. Chapter 3 uses admissions data from the University of Bologna's medical school to analyze how students' entrance exam rankings affect their subsequent academic performance. We find that: (1) worse rankings lead to worse academic performance, (2) this impact is more negative for worse-ranked students, (3) this impact on academic performance operates mostly through courseload rather than through GPA, and (4) male and female students' academic performance do not respond differentially to rank.<br>by J. Mark Hou.<br>Ph. D.
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Showalter, Mark H. "Essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13958.
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Duarte, Rafael Burjack Farias. "Essays in applied econometrics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16591.
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-27<br>Using a unique dataset on Brazilian nominal and real yield curves combined with daily survey forecasts of macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth, inflation, and exchange rate movements, we identify the effect of surprises to the Brazilian interbank target rate on expected future nominal and real short rates, term premia, and inflation expectations. We find that positive surprises to target rates lead to higher expected nominal and real interest rates and reduced nominal and inflation term premia. We also find a strongly positive relation between both real and nominal term premia and measures of dispersion in survey forecasts. Uncertainty about future exchange rates is a particularly important driver of variations in Brazilian term premia.
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Huse, Cristian. "Essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2332/.
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This thesis is divided in three essays. The first essay examines the reactions by incumbent airhnes to the threat and actual entry of the low-cost carrier Gol in the Brazilian domestic air transport market. By estimating the reactions in prices, quantities and supply variables, it investigates the plausibility of theories of entry deterrence and accommodation. The second essay proposes and implements a parsimonious three-factor model of the term structure whose dynamics is driven uniquely by observable state variables. The method allows comparing alternative views on the way state variables - macroeconomic variables, in particular - influence the yield curve dynamics, avoids curse of dimensionality problems commonly appearing in traditional models, and provides more reliable inference by using both the cross-sectional and the time series dimension of the data. I conduct in- and out-of-sample studies using a comprehensive set of US data. I show that even a parsimonious model where the level, slope and curvature factors of the term structure are driven by, respectively, measures of inflation, monetary policy and economic activity consistently outperforms the (latent-variable) benchmark model out-of-sample, when considering the five NBER-dated recessions of the last three decades. In the third essay I empirically evaluate the incentives to tacitly collude in differentiated product markets. Tacit collusion plays an important role in merger policy: competition agencies sometimes block mergers on the grounds that they will generate 'coordinated effects', an increased likelihood of collusion. I thus propose an approach to coordinated effects merger simulation in markets where multi-product firms operate in differentiated product markets. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first full empirical implementation of a coordinated effects merger simulation model in a differentiated product market. I use the model to study the network server market and, specifically, examine the effect of the merger between HP and Compaq on their and their rivals' collective incentives and ability to sustain tacit collusion. The results suggest that the incentives to collude in the network server market are substantial, but actively decreased following the merger between HP and Compaq. In addition to exploring the incentives for collusion on one market I also examine the impact of (i) multi-market contact on firms' incentive and ability to sustain tacit coordination and (ii) a competitive fringe of smaller players who co-exist with a subset of the larger players in an industry who tacitly collude. By taking the economic theory of tacit collusion seriously in an empirical example, I show that the intuition many economists have for the effect of mergers on the incentives to tacitly collude is actually wrong.
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Santos, Ana Flávia Soares dos. "Essays in applied econometrics and monetary policy." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24622.
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-19<br>This thesis contains three independent chapters. The first one is about central bank credibility, where we measure people’s beliefs using survey data on inflation expectations and focus on the 12-month-ahead horizon since it is widely used in the literature. Beliefs are measured by employing the panel-data setup of Gaglianone and Issler (2015), who show that optimal individual forecasts are an affine function of one factor alone – the conditional expectation of inflation. This allows the identification and estimation of the common factor, our measure of people’s beliefs. Second, we compare beliefs with explicit (or tacit) targets by constructing Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent (HAC) 95% asymptotic confidence intervals for our estimates of the conditional expectation of inflation, which is an original contribution of this paper. Whenever the target falls into this interval we consider the central bank credible. We consider it not credible otherwise. This approach is applied to the issue of credibility of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) by using the now well-known Focus Survey of forecasts, kept by the BCB on inflation expectations, from January 2007 until April 2017. Results show that the BCB was credible 65% of the time, with the exception of a few months in the beginning of 2007 and during the interval between mid-2013 throughout mid-2016. We also constructed a credibility index for this period and compared it with alternative measures of credibility. In the second chapter, we show that it is possible to conciliate individual and consensus rationality tests, by developing a new framework to test for rational expectations hypothesis. We propose a methodology that verifies the consistency of the above mentioned expectation formation rule, where we explicitly allow for the possibility of heterogeneous expectations at the individual level, but also keeping individual and consensus expectations at the same system. We advance with respect to Keane and Runkle (1990)’s previous work, which argued that almost all existing tests in the literature so far were either incorrect or inadequate. In the third chapter, we propose an individual coincident indicator for the following Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. In order to obtain similar series to those traditionally used in business-cycle research in constructing coincident indices (output, sales, income and employment) we backcast several individual country series which were not available in a long time-series span. We also establish a chronology of recessions for these countries, covering the period from 1980 to 2012 on a monthly basis. Based on this chronology, the countries are compared in several respects. The final contribution is to propose an aggregate coincident indicator for the Latin American economy, which weights individualcountry composite indices. Finally, this indicator is compared with the coincident indicator (The Conference Board – TCB) of the U.S. economy. We find that the U.S. indicator Granger-causes the Latin American indicator in statistical tests.
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Álvarez, Aranda Rocío. "Three essays on applied econometrics." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26697.
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Lin, Yanjun. "Three essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:05ae39ab-8090-4405-8179-c775119d15fa.
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This thesis presents three essays in the field of applied econometrics. In the first essay, we use the establishment-level Annual Respondents Database (ARD) data and the sector-level Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Industrial Trends Survey data to identify the key determinants of U.K. manufacturing investment. We first examine the trends in the ARD microdata aggregates, the relative price of investment goods data, and the CBI survey data. Subsequently, we estimate a baseline dynamic error correction investment model which separates out short-run and long-run investment dynamics. When we introduce additional variables derived from the CBI survey data to the baseline model, the estimation results show that survey variables pertaining to financing constraints and demand uncertainty have negative effects on investment, while the survey variable related to the volume of total new orders has a positive effect on investment. In the second essay, we develop forecasting models for aggregate U.K. manufacturing investment. After assessing the CBI's forecasting record over the recent financial crisis, we conclude that CBI forecasters were slow in realizing the severe negative effect of the credit crisis on manufacturing investment. Subsequently, we develop our own baseline error-correction forecasting model, which conditions only on lagged explanatory variables, and apply the general-to-specific modeling approach to simplify the model. However, the selected baseline specification has poor out-of-sample forecast properties over the crisis period. When we include additional CBI survey variables in the baseline model, there is an improvement in the out-ofsample forecast performance in most cases. Survey measures of business optimism and expected future demand are found to be particularly useful in this context. Finally, in the third essay, we employ a Threshold Vector Autoregression (TVAR) model to examine the potentially nonlinear impact of fiscal stimulus on output under tight and loose credit supply conditions in the U.S. In our main specification, we choose the excess bond premium as the threshold variable to identify periods of tight credit and loose credit. The empirical results suggest that government spending increases are more effective at stimulating output than tax cuts, especially when credit conditions are loose.
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Chen, Zhihong. "Three essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, Boston College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/0.
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Thesis advisor: Arthur Lewbel<br>This dissertation consists of three self-contained papers in applied econometrics. The frrst chapter, Testing Multivariate Distributions (joint with Jushan Bai), proposes a new method to test multivariate distributions with a focus on multivariate normality and multivariate t distribution, motivated in part by examination of financial market data. Using Khmaladze's martingale transformation to purge the effect of parameter estimation, our test generates a distribution-free statistic and can be easily applied to cases with complicated parameters. Simulation shows our test has good size and power. Finally, we apply our test procedure to a real multivariate financial time series. The result is consistent with the well-known fat tail property of financial data. The second chapter, Measuring the Poverty Line in China - An Equivalence Scale Method, is motivated by the current urban poverty issue in China. The fundamental question is: given the poverty threshold for an individual, how should that threshold vary across households with different demographic characteristics? This paper uses urban Household survey (uHS) data of China to estimate the equivalence scales for Chinese urban households. The results provide a quantitative reference to calculate the comparable poverty lines for households with different demographic compositions. It also can be used to determine appropriate subsidy levels for demographically different households. A useful byproduct of this exercise is the specification of a demand system for China. The third chapter, Dynamics of City Growth: Random or Deterministic? Evidence From China (joint with Shihe Fu), tests the random growth theory and the endogenous growth theory in urban economics using Chinese city size data from 1984-2002. We implement unit root and cointegration tests on pooled heterogeneous cities in the country. Since China is still in the period of rapid urbanization, we can only tentatively conclude that the overall Chinese city growth does not follow either random growth or parallel growth. However, we find that a small number of cities with certain common characteristics do grow parallel<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2005<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
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Xu, Jinwen. "Three essays on applied econometrics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50290.
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This dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 investigates how returns to education are related to occupation choices. Specifically, I investigate the returns to attending a two-year college and a four-year college and how these returns to education differ from a blue-collar occupation to a white-collar occupation. To address the endogenous education and occupation choices, I use a finite mixture model. I show how the finite mixture model can be nonparametrically identified by using test scores and variations in wages across occupations over time. Using data taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979, I estimate a parametrically specified model and find that returns to education are occupation specific. Specifically, a two-year college attendance enhances blue-collar wages by 24% and white-collar wages by 17% while a four-year college attendance increases blue-collar wages by 23% and white-collar wages by 30%.
Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 study how to perform econometric analysis with complex survey data, which is widely used in large scale surveys. Although it is attractive in terms of sampling costs, it introduces complication in statistical analysis, when compared with the simple random sampling method. In Chapter 2, I study the properties of M-estimators when they are used with complex survey data. To undo the over- and under-representation effects of the complex survey design, it is typically necessary to use the survey weight in M-estimation. I establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the weighted M-estimators. I also discuss how to estimate the asymptotic covariance matrix of the M-estimators. Further, I demonstrate serious consequences of ignoring the survey design in M-estimation and inference based on it. In Chapter 3, I consider specification testing with complex survey data. Specifically, I modify the standard m-testing framework to propose a new method to test if a given model is correct for a subpopulation. The proposed test has advantages over the standard m-testing, taking
account of likely heterogeneity of subpopulation distributions. All of the three chapters deal with heterogeneity of subpopulation distributions, whether or not the subpopulation identity is known (Chapter 2 and Chapter 3) and unknown (Chapter 1).<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Vancouver School of Economics<br>Graduate
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Ergun, Ahmet T. "Essays on nonparametric and applied econometrics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290109.
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This dissertation focuses on econometric methodology and its applications in insurance and the stock market. The second chapter proposes a new semiparametric estimator for binary-choice single-index models. The estimator makes use of a "parametric start" idea from the statistics literature and applies it to econometric model estimation. Even though the chapter only focuses on binary-choice models, it is expected that the introduction of this idea to the econometrics literature is going to contribute to semiparametric estimation of econometric models in general, especially when one has (only) a rough initial guess about the shape of the unknown function. Consistency of the estimator is shown and the simulation results indicate that even though the parametric start is not correct in any of the simulation designs, the estimator's performance is very promising in the estimation of coefficients and probabilities. The third chapter successfully applies this proposed estimator along with competing parametric and semiparametric estimators and is expected to expand our understanding of private insurance company involvement in the U.S. crop insurance program. This chapter stands almost alone in the literature as an overwhelming majority of other studies examine the involvement of producers in the program. Although preliminary, the results of this chapter show that the insurance company involvement in this program may be too costly to justify and that the program may not be as efficient in terms of premium rates and rating practices of the federal government. The fourth chapter examines market volatility taking into account the New York Stock Exchange trading collar. The trading collar restricts certain forms of trade in component stocks of the S&P500 stock price index when there is "excess" volatility in the market. This important feature of the market has been ignored in the large volatility modeling literature and it is expected that this chapter contributes to this literature by showing that after some data manipulation it is straightforward to incorporate this feature into standard econometric models. Another contribution of this chapter is the successful use of a polynomial specification to capture the well documented U-shaped pattern of intraday market volatility instead of a computationally more difficult two-step procedure.
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Murphy, Anthony. "Essays in housing and applied econometrics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432162.
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Barrios, Thomas. "Essays in Applied Econometrics and Education." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11558.
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This dissertation consists of three essays. First, we explore the implications of correlations that do not vanishing for units in different clusters for the actual and estimated precision of least squares estimators.<br>Economics
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Andrade, Isabel C. "Three essays in applied multivariate econometrics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241034.
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Kurniawan, Ferry. "Essays on applied time series econometrics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61711/.
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The thesis consists of three self-contained essays. These are Business Cycles in ASEAN-5 Countries (Chapter 1), Nowcasting Indonesian Economy (Chapter 2), and Data Revisions in Indonesia (Chapter 3). In the first chapter, I investigate the extent to which business cycles coincide in five ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries. I employ unobserved component models to decompose output into its trend and cycle. I find that the business cycles co-movements are high for some pairs of countries. However, the magnitude of the business cycles and the source of output fluctuations are different. The findings suggest that these countries may not yet be ready to step further beyond the formation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015 to a monetary union. In the second chapter, I exploit monthly indicators to forecast the current quarter Indonesian output growth (nowcast). In particular, I employ three nowcasting approaches; mixed-frequency factor model, bridging equation and MIDAS (MIxed DAta Sampling) regression, and evaluate their performance. The nowcasts are computed and evaluated on the basis of real-time and latest available data. In general, the encompassing tests recommend that neither mixed-factor model nowcasts nor MIDAS nowcasts encompass the other. Hence, I adopt a nowcast combination approach and find that the combination increases the accuracy relative to individual nowcasts. The last chapter focuses on real-time data issues. I construct a real-time data set for Indonesia, investigate the nature of data revisions, and assess the impact of the revisions on real-time output gap estimates and through this, the effect on monetary policy. The results suggest that the preliminary data is not an efficient forecast of the revised (final) value. By comparing the output gap estimates, extracted using the Hodrick-Prescott filter to both preliminary and final data, I find that output gap revisions is mainly due to data revisions, rather than due to one-sided nature of the filter. Further, I find that the potential impact of data revisions on monetary policy, measured by the difference between policy rate recommendations based on first released and revised data, can be substantial. Finally, I show that by taking into account data revisions, the reliability of real-time output gap estimates can be improved, and hence policy regret may be reduced.
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Lé, Mathias. "Essays in Banking and Applied Econometrics." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0005.
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Le capital d'une banque est un élément essentiel de leur solidité et dans cette thèse nous examinons sa dynamique. Le chapitre 2 montre que la mise en place d'une garantie des dépôts pousse les banques à accroitre leur levier. Cependant, les réponses des banques sont hétérogènes : l'effet décroît avec la taille, la systémicité et la capitalisation initiale de telle sorte que les plus grosses banques et les banques initialement les moins bien capitalisées ne réagissent pas à l'adoption d'une garantie des dépôts. Le chapitre 3 propose une nouvelle mesure pour quantifier la capitalisation agrégée des secteurs bancaires en considérant la discipline de marché et le cadre réglementaire. Cet indice permet d'étudier comment les déficits de capital par rapport à une cible de capital implicite propre à chaque banque induisent des fluctuations du crédit agrégées. L'indice de capitalisation est cohérent avec la Bank Lending Survey et il est corrélé de manière significative avec les fluctuations futures du crédit agrégé, particulièrement lors d'épisodes de sous-capitalisation. Le chapitre 4 ne concerne pas le capital des banques mais étudie l'impact de normes et conventions scientifiques (les seuils de significativité statistique) sur le comportement des chercheurs. Nous identifions des irrégularités dans la distribution des t-stat venant d'articles empiriques et nous interprétons celles-ci comme le résultat de la déformation d'incitations. Notre identification nous permet de séparer le biais de publication de ce que nous appelons un biais d'inflation : le fait que les chercheurs soient tentés de gonfler les tests marginalement rejetés en choisissant une spécification "significative"<br>Bank capital is a crucial ingredient of bank soundness. In this thesis, we examine the dynamic o bank capital. The first chapter shows that introducing a deposit guarantee fund has a negative effect on banks' soundness by pushing them to increase their leverage. However, the banks' responses appear to be heterogenous. The magnitude of the change in bank leverage decreases with the size, the systemicity and the initial capitalisation of banks so that the most systemic and the most highly leveraged banks are unresponsive to deposit insurance. The second chapter proposes a new measure to quantify the aggregate capitalisation of banking sectors taking into account both market discipline and regulatory constraints. This index allows to study how micro capital shortfalls from an implicit bank specific capital target can induce fluctuations in the aggregate lending. The bank capitalisation index is consistent with the Bank Lending Survey and it correlates significantly with future fluctuations in aggregate lending, especially when a banking system is under-capitalised. The third chapter is not related to the dynamic of bank capital but it studies the impact of scientific norms and conventions (the use of statistical significance threshold) on researchers' behavior. We identify irregularities in the distribution of t-stat coming from empirical papers and we interpret them as the result of distorted incentives. Crucially, we have an identification strategy that allows to separate the well-known publication bias from what we called an inflation bias : the fact that researchers might be tempted to inflate the value of just-rejected tests by choosing a significant specification
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Gustavsson, Tingvall Patrik. "Essays on trade, growth and applied econometrics." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Internationell Ekonomi och Geografi (IEG), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-606.
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This dissertation consists of five essays. Three of these study countries’ specialisation patterns combining the two classical paradigms of trade theory, namely the Ricardian (technology) and the Heckscher–Ohlin (factor endowments) framework. Of the remaining two essays, one studies convergence in per capita income among the Swedish counties and the other is methodological in that we investigate the issue of how seasonal unit roots and joint modelling may affect forecasts. In each of these essays, an empirical investigation is applied. Essay 1. Technical Progress, Capital Accumulation and Changing International Competitiveness.In this essay we studies how technology, measured by total factor productivity (TFP) and endowments, jointly determines countries’ specialisation patterns.The main findings are that endowments and technology jointly determine trade patterns. In analysing countries level of specialisation we find indications of scale effects at the firm level and that TFP turns out to be a poor determinant in explaining specialisation whereas endowments, and in particular natural resources are significant. When analysing changes in specialisation and trade patterns, TFP growth is found to be a significant explanatory variable. These contradictory results, i.e., that TFP is not significant when studying levels but is when studying changes, may to some extent be explained by potential time invariant measurement errors that are differenced out when analysing changes. There is also evidence for an increased specialisation of human capital intensive production in countries with a high growth rate in the national supply of skilled labour. Essay 2. Technology, Resource Endowments and International Competitiveness.In the second essay we takes the analysis one step further by going behind the black box of technology and relating this to its sources, where R&D is taken to be the new main object of the study. The analysis reveals that competitiveness is determined not only by R&D performance of the firm, but also that industry- and economy-wide stocks of knowledge are important, indicating the presence of local externalities in R&D. Further results point to scale effects in R&D at the firm level and that the impact of R&D is higher in high- and medium- than in low-tech industries. Essay 3. The Dynamics of European Industrial Structure.The third essay focus on changes in countries’ specialisation patterns. In the model building stage, we make the R&D process endogenous. Through domestic input-output linkages, we build in trade-transmitted technology transfers. Econometrically, we find indications of R&D at the firm level to be the main engine shaping technology and competitiveness. There is also evidence of scale effects in R&D at the firm level. Analysing capital accumulation, we find that countries with relatively high capital accumulation increase their specialisation in capital-intensive industries. We also find that capital abundant countries have the highest rate of capital accumulation. Together, this indicates an increased concentration of capital-intensive industries in capital abundant countries. Analysing human capital accumulation in an analogous manner, we find that countries with relatively high human capital accumulation increase their specialisation in human capital intensive industries. However, we find that countries with a relatively high human capital accumulation are those with initially small human capital stocks, indicating convergence in human capital abundance among the countries in the sample. How industries interact, and industrial interdependence, are analysed, and we find significant econometric evidence of interdependence between domestic industries with strong input-output linkages. Essay 4. Convergence, Prices and Geography: An empirical Study of the Swedish Counties 1911-1993.With Joakim Persson.In the fourth essay, we analyse convergence in per capita income among the Swedish counties during the period 1911-93. Some innovative features in this essay are that we explicitly introduce distance in the econometric analysis and construct regional price indices. In the econometric analysis, we find both absolute and conditional convergence in all ten year periods from 1911 to 1993 except in the 20s and 80s. We find no convergence whatsoever in the 20s and only conditional convergence in the 80s. Analysing counties’ interdependence, we find that counties are tied together such that growth in one county will have a significant impact on its neighbours. Further, we find that the regional cost of housing affects counties’ demographic composition and, through this mechanism, growth in per capita income. Essay 5. The Impact of Seasonal Unit Roots and Vector ARMA Modelling on Forecasting Monthly Tourism Flows.With Jonas Nordström.In the fifth and final essay we analyse how neglecting seasonal unit roots and vector ARMA modelling affect forecasts. We study the flow of monthly tourism flows into Sweden. The main conclusion is that the Box and Jenkins approach, taking a 12th difference to make the series stationary, is at least as good as the much more demanding route of analysing seasonal unit roots. In a second step, we investigate potential gains in using joint modelling techniques when making forecasts. We utilise other tourism series in order to improve the forecasts. The results are mixed. The results depend on what evaluation criteria we choose. In summary, find the Box and Jenkins approach to stand up well against more advanced techniques. Essay no 1 has been published as:Gustavsson, P., Hansson, P. and Lundberg, L., "Technical Progress, Capital Accumulation and Changing International Competitiveness" in Fagerberg, J. et al (eds.), Technology and International Trade, pp 20-37. Edward Elgar, 1997. Essay no 2 has been published as:Gustavsson, P., Hansson, P. and Lundberg, L.., "Technology, resource endowments and international competitiveness." in European Economic Review, Vol. 43, No. 8, 1999, pp 1501-1530.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2001
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Giordani, Paolo. "Essays in monetary economics and applied econometrics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 2001. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/581.htm.
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Gustavsson, Patrik. "Essays on trade, growth and applied econometrics /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 2001. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/567.htm.
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Lautharte, Junior Ildo José. "Flourishing opportunities : four essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277898.
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This thesis comprehends four essays investigating strategies to fight against poverty. The first essay explores a series of police operations to pacify the slums of Rio de Janeiro to understand the impacts of intrauterine exposure to violence on birth outcomes. One argues that pregnancies starting before, but ending around the pacification dates are ‘quasirandomly’ exposed to exogenous shocks of violence during pregnancy. The results show that each month pregnant women are exposed to pacification increases birth weights by 4 grams and reduces the probability of low birth weight (< 2500 grams) by 1.2 percent compared to pregnancies ending just before pacifications. A second essay uses Brazilian legislative change making it mandatory for private hospitals to publicly disclose information about physicians’ performance. The results show a reduction in scheduled C-sections by 4.8 percent; which two-thirds originating from physicians anticipating to information disclosure. The third essay proposes an empirical strategy to estimate bullying effects on labour and schooling outcomes when "true" bullying is observed inaccurately. The estimates show that high-school bullying decreases University attendance by 3.4 percent and increases the probability of being not in education, employed or in training after high-school by 2.8 percent. Estimations neglecting misreport implicates in impacts two-thirds smaller. And finally, the fourth essay shows that poor households increase their participation in social groups after receiving Bolsa Família. The strategy explores households registered in Cadastro Único, and performs a propensity score difference-in-difference framework to minimize selection bias. Becoming a recipient of Bolsa Família increases .09 standard deviations the number of social affiliation and increase from 6.1 to 8.9 percent the probability of engaging in social groups. Altogether, this thesis implicates that investing in early stages of life harvest significant benefits to disadvantaged children, it also shows that victims of bullying need sustained support after high school, and that conditional cash transfers foster social engagement.
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Torchiana, Adrian. "Essays in Applied Econometrics with Missing Data." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10062.
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Dans le 1er chapitre, j’étudie les biais qui peuvent résulter de l’utilisation des chiffres de vente comme substitut aux chiffres de production, quand on cherche à estimer la fonction de production d’une entreprise ou d’un secteur industriel. Les chercheurs utilisent souvent les ventes plutôt que les chiffres de production, bien qu’ils diffèrent : les entreprises gérant leurs stocks dans le temps, les produits vendus au cours de tel ou tel exercice comptable n’ont pas nécessairement été produits durant la même période. J’utilise des simulations pour montrer que l’utilisation des ventes au lieu des chiffres de production peut causer des distorsions lorsque les entreprises gèrent leurs stocks de manière dynamique. J’étudie les données d’un site administratif français nommé FICUS, qui couvre la totalité des entreprises françaises de 1994 à 2007 et me donne accès aux chiffres de vente, de production, d’emploi et de capitalisation, par entreprise et par an. J’analyse les données au niveau de l’industrie (code NAF), et je montre que le biais résultant de l’utilisation des chiffres de vente au lieu des chiffres de production est faible dans la plupart des industries. Il semblerait donc que, dans la plupart des cas, les chercheurs qui se basent sur les ventes pour estimer des fonctions de production n’aient pas à craindre que leurs résultats soient erronés. Toutefois, dans certaines industries où les stocks varient de manière significative, le biais observé n’est pas négligeable. Dans le 2nd chapitre, qui présente des travaux effectués en collaboration avec Paul T. Scott, Ted Rosenbaum et Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues, nous montrons que les erreurs de classement dans les données sur les surfaces terrestres relevées à distance (ex : des classements qui distinguent les forêts des champs agricoles à partir de données satellites) conduisent à des estimations biaisées tant des surfaces que des taux de changement (ex : la probabilité de déforestation). Nous proposons une correction basée sur un modèle caché de Markov. En utilisant des simulations et un ensemble de données de validation de haute qualité, nous montrons que notre méthode produit des estimations cohérentes des probabilités de transition dans l’utilisation des terres, alors que les méthodes actuelles produisent des estimations de probabilités de changement qui sont trop élevées. L’implication générale de ces travaux est que les recherches appliquées devraient examiner attentivement et contrôler pour l’impact des erreurs dans la télédétection lors de l’étude des déterminants du changement d’utilisation des terres. Il est important de noter que notre méthode produit des estimations non-biaisées des probabilités de transition de la couverture terrestre sans nécessiter de données de validation au sol, qui sont généralement difficiles à obtenir. Ceci est pertinent pour la politique : par ex., le suivi des taux de déforestation est un point central des négociations sur le climat, et les ONG et d’autres organisations évaluant l’évolution des surfaces forestières pourraient vouloir appliquer notre méthode. Dans le 3ème chapitre (qui est un travail en commun avec les mêmes co-auteurs que le 2nd), nous appliquons notre méthode de modèle caché de Markov pour étudier la déforestation au Brésil. Nous développons un modèle de déforestation et de repousse amazonienne qui nous permet de prédire comment les niveaux de biomasse amazonienne et de terres agricoles répondent aux coûts de transport et aux prix des produits agricoles à court et à long terme. Les gestionnaires fonciers comparent le coût du défrichage avec les rendements futurs actualisés d’une éventuelle production agricole lorsqu’ils décident de défricher des terres. Notre stratégie empirique s’appuie sur les coûts de transport calculés en utilisant des données spatiales détaillées reflétant l’intégralité du réseau routier au Brésil, ainsi que sur les estimations des taux de déforestation dérivés des données des capteurs satellites<br>In the first chapter, I consider the bias that might arise in production function estimation when sales are used as a stand-in for production. In practice, researchers typically observe sales and not production; the two are distinct because firms manage inventory through time, and items sold during an arbitrary accounting period were not necessarily produced contemporaneously. I show using simulations that using sales as a stand-in for production can bias production function regressions when firms manage inventory dynamically. I then go to the data: I study a French administrative dataset called FICUS, which covers the universe of French firms from 1994 to 2007, and allows me to observe sales, production, labor, and capital, at the firm-year level. I perform my analysis at the four-digit industry level, and show that the bias from using sales as a stand-in for production is small in most industries, suggesting that researchers who observe only sales generally need not worry that results derived from production function estimation are invalid. However, in certain industries where changes in inventory are common, the bias is non-negligible. In the second chapter, which is joint work with Paul T. Scott, Ted Rosenbaum, and Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues, we show that misclassification in remotely sensed land cover data leads to biased estimates of both land areas and land cover transition rates, and propose a correction based on a hidden Markov model. Using simulations and a high-quality validation dataset, we show that our method produces consistent estimates of land use transition probabilities, whereas naive estimates of transition rates are erroneously high. A broad implication is that applied researchers should carefully consider and control for the impact of errors in remote sensing when studying the determinants of land use change. Importantly, our method produces consistent estimates of land cover transition probabilities without requiring ground-truth validation data, which are typically difficult to obtain. This is relevant for policy: for example, monitoring land cover is a central point of climate negotiations, and NGOs and other organizations evaluating changes in countries’ deforestation rates may want to apply our method. In the third chapter (which is also joint work, with the same coauthors as the second), we apply our HMM method to study deforestation in Brazil. We develop a model of Amazonian deforestation and regrowth that allows us to predict how levels of Amazonian biomass and agricultural land respond to transportation costs and agricultural commodity prices in both the short- and long-run. In our model, land managers balance forest clearing costs against discounted future returns to agricultural production when deciding whether to clear a parcel of forest. Our empirical strategy relies on transportation costs computed using detailed spatial data describing Brazil’s paved and unpaved road network, as well as on estimates of deforestation rates derived from satellite sensor data, using the methodology in the second chapter. We plan to extend the model in future work
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Rakshit, Atanu. "Three Essays in Applied Time Series Econometrics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51233.
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This dissertation is comprised of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to<br />Economic application of time series analysis and discusses the topics covered in each of the following chapters along with some main results therein. <br /> In Chapter 2, I construct a measure of information asymmetry in the financial markets in U.S., by estimating an index of agency cost pertaining to U.S. manufacturing firms. The cyclical behavior of the unobservable agency cost is derived by a novel application of the Kalman filter within a Bayesian framework, using firm level data from 1984-2006. The preliminary results provide support to the financial accelerator mechanism in the business cycle literature. <br /> In Chapter 3, I show that people\'s expectation of uncertainty in financial markets is a significant factor impacting short-term real exchange rate movements. Specifically, a sudden increase in expectation of stock market volatility in a low interest rate country tends to appreciate their currencies against high interest rate currencies. I construct a measure of conditional expected uncertainty from volatility of returns of the dominant portfolio (indices) of 7 industrialized countries. I identify uncertainty shocks and its impact on dollar real exchange rate, and explain my results in the context of currency carry trade.<br /> Chapter 4 of my dissertation documents the presence of significant non-linearity in the deficit-interest rate relationship in the U.S. economy. Using an asymptotic threshold test as per Hansen (2000), I find strong evidence for threshold effects in the impact of expected deficit on future long-term interest rates. I find that a percentage point increase in expected deficit in a regime where the expected deficit/GDP ratio is above 1.8 percent (the estimated threshold value) increases future nominal long term interest rates by 29-30 basis point, and a "news shock" to expectation of future deficit increases future real long term interest rates by 12-18 basis points. When expected deficit/GDP ratio is below 1.8 percent, an increase in expected deficit has no impact on future long-term interest rates. <br /><br>Ph. D.
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Kremer, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Essays in applied panel data econometrics / Stephanie Kremer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025511123/34.
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Kiefer, Hua. "Essays on applied spatial econometrics and housing economics." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180467420.
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Lopera, Maria Adelaida. "Three essays in labor economics and applied econometrics." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27134.
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Cette thèse recueille trois essais en économie du travail et économétrie appliquée. Les deux premiers essais traitent sur la productivité des travailleurs et leur effort. Le cadre théorique du principal-agent permet d'étudier les choix quotidiens de planteurs d'arbres dans une compagnie forestière en Colombie-Britannique. Le troisième essai étudie les choix de coopération des individus dans de petites communautés rurales au Mali lors d'une expérience de biens publics. Au-delà de l'approche expérimentale et des techniques économétriques communes aux trois articles, le point de convergence de cette thèse est la question de comment les agents intègrent l'environnement dans leurs choix individuels. Comment la fatigue au travail affecte la productivité, comment les chocs de productivité affectent l'effort des travailleurs et comment les interactions sociales affectent la coopération dans une communauté. Comprendre et mesurer la pertinence de ces facteurs externes est important pour concevoir des mesures incitatives qui mènent les individus à agir de la manière souhaitée. De manière générale, les incitatifs sont une excellente façon de modifier le comportement sans imposer des restrictions et des règles coûteuses qui peuvent créer des frictions sociales. Deux résultats intéressants ressortent des deux premiers chapitres sur la productivité des planteurs d'arbres. Tout d'abord, les gains des travailleurs peuvent être augmentés en réorganisant la semaine de travail. Au lieu de cinq jours consécutifs de travail et deux jours de repos à la fin de la semaine, des intervalles plus optimaux pourraient être utilisés comme un moyen peu coûteux d'accroître la productivité et le revenu des travailleurs dans certaines entreprises. Deuxièmement, les travailleurs adaptent leur effort optimal aux conditions de travail spécifiques même si elles sont imprévisibles. Les données suggèrent que lors que les travailleurs font face à un choc de productivité inattendu, ils reconsidèrent le compromis revenu - effort et font un nouveau choix optimal qui maximise leur bien-être. Cela signifie que les incitatifs à la productivité peuvent avoir des effets hétérogènes selon les chocs de productivité suivis par les travailleurs. Ces interactions entre les chocs et le choix d'effort doivent être prises en compte lors de la modélisation de la relation principal-agent. Quant au troisième chapitre, le résultat principal est que la présence des leaders communautaires dans un processus de décision individuel renforce la coopération dans le cadre des biens publics. La présence de dirigeants locaux déclenche un comportement coopératif qui est indépendant des actions des autres membres de la communauté.<br>This thesis is a collection of three essays in labour economics and applied econometrics. The first two essays investigate workers productivity and their effort choice in a tree-planting firm. The third essay studies community cooperation in a public good experiment. Beyond the econometric techniques, the convergence point of this thesis is the question of how individuals incorporate external factors into their choices. How work fatigue affects productivity, how productivity shocks affect workers' choice of effort, and how social interactions affect community cooperation. Understanding and measuring the relevance of these external factors is important for designing incentives that influence individuals to act in a desired way. Appropriate incentives are the best way to regulate behaviour without imposing restrictions and rules that are costly to enforce and may create social frictions. From the first two chapters on productivity of tree planters two interesting findings stand out. First, workers' earnings can be increased by simply rearranging the working week in different work spells. This could be an inexpensive way for certain firms to increase their labour productivity. Second, planters' optimal choice of effort depends on productivity shocks. This means that effort incentives may have heterogenous effects due to the particular shocks experienced by each worker. From the third chapter, I find that involving community leaders in the decision of contributing or not to a public good enhance community cooperation. The presence of local leaders triggers cooperative behaviour that is unconditional and independent of the expected actions of other community members.
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Balabanova, Zlatina [Verfasser]. "Three Essays on Applied Time Series Econometrics / Zlatina Balabanova." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045154164/34.
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Bae, Youngsoo. "Three essays on nonlinear nonstationary econometrics and applied macroeconomics." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148577268.
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McCullough, Michael Paul. "Phase space reconstruction : methods in applied economics and econometrics /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/M_McCullough_122707.pdf.
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Deckers, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Essays in Applied Econometrics and Behavioral Economics / Thomas Deckers." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106009889X/34.
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Moura, Guilherme Valle [Verfasser]. "Efficient importance sampling in applied econometrics / Guilherme Valle Moura." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019984880/34.
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Sharimakin, Akinsehinwa. "Three essays on applied energy econometrics with policy implications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36227.
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This thesis examines the implications of econometric estimation of energy demand in three separate empirical chapters. In particular; the issues addressed are: (i) the extent in which inappropriate modelling techniques could impact energy demand estimates, (ii) the relationship between energy demand estimates and carbon emissions and (iii) the relationship between the decomposition of derived energy input and carbon emissions. The research begins with the estimation of industrial energy demand across 29 European countries over the period 1995 2009 using both the generalised method of moments (GMM) and the dynamic multilevel model (DMM) that accounts for the hierarchical structure of the data used. The main results indicate that the long run income and price elasticities of the standard dynamic model, that is, the GMM, which does not account for the hierarchical structure of the data used, are overestimated. The second empirical chapter carries out an exploratory investigation on the impact of energy demand elasticities on carbon emissions across Chinese sectors. The study allows for a structural change by dividing the period under consideration into period before (1995 2001) and after (2002 2009) China s accession to WTO. This chapter estimates/demonstrates how to compute a range of elasticities by estimating a translog model, and then examines the impact of these elasticities on industrial carbon intensity. Findings suggest that there is a moderately negative relationship between energy substitution and carbon emissions, more especially after the structural change. The third chapter combines the first two chapters into a single study by adopting a two-stage procedure to measure the implications of inappropriate energy modelling technique/energy demand estimates on carbon emissions. The study is based on industry level data across Europe over the period 1995 2007. Firstly, the study decomposed energy estimates into substitution and output effects with a multilevel model and iterated seemingly unrelated regression (iSUR). The second stage examines the impact of the decomposition effects with other competing forces on carbon emissions. Findings reveal that the substitution effect dominates the output effect and is inversely related to the carbon emissions. For the output effect, the results derived from both techniques differ, as the output effect from the iSUR show a positive sign; however, the output effects from the multilevel model show a negative relationship with carbon emissions, which is more consistent with the ideal practice of a cost minimising firm.
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Pere, Pekka. "Adjusted profile likelihood applied to estimation and testing of unit roots." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d90da262-5a4b-4114-9426-cbecb1413a30.
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A short review of unit-root econometrics is given from the point of view of testing. The adjusted likelihoods of Cox and Reid (1987, 1993) are presented and applied to the usual AR(1) with constant, an AR(1) process suggested by Bhargava (1986), and an AR(2) process. Biases of the associated maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) are pondered briefly. A Wald statistic based on adjusted profile likelihood is proposed. The Cox-Reid adjusted estimate (AE) for the autoregressive coefficient of the unit-root AR(1) model with zero constant is even asymptotically more accurate, in terms of mean-square error (MSE), than the MLE. The derived tests are more powerful than the corresponding Dickey-Fuller tests if the starting value of the process deviates sufficiently from the unconditional mean. An iteratively adjusted estimate is introduced which can also be more accurate than the MLE. We obtain also an estimate and a Wald statistic which are asymptotically distributed compactly and symmetrically around zero under a unit root but the estimate is not consistent in general. The MLE and the AE are consistent not only as the sample size tends to infinity but also when the (absolute value of the) deviation of the starting value from the unconditional mean of the time series is tuned towards infinity. The finding exposes why Wald-kind of tests are more powerful than tests based on standardised coefficients when the starting value lies far from the unconditional mean. The AE and the corresponding Wald statistic are derived for the Bhargava AR(1) model. We obtain the asymptotic distributions of them and simulate the previously unknown finite sample distributions of the MLE and the usual Wald statistic under a unit root. Again the AE is the more accurate estimate. Distortion towards a unit root is pointed out. The adjusted estimate and the Wald statistic follow their asymptotic distributions better than the unadjusted when the process is a unit-root AR(1) with drift or the Bhargava AR(1). Accuracy is gained also under the unit-root AR(2) model. A practical advice is to apply a unit-root test based on the Bhargava model when the process can be assumed to have started from the unconditional mean under the alternative and otherwise a test based on the ordinary AR(1) with constant model. The adjustment often decreases the bias at the cost of variance but it can yield a reduction in both, too, which happens under the Bhargava model and 'typically' under the unit-root AR(2) model. The two most distinctive findings are perhaps that the AE can be asymptotically more accurate than the corresponding MLE or in finite samples when the AE is calculated from an embedding model.
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Georges, Francis Stanley. "Two Essays in Applied Microeconomics." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104229.
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Thesis advisor: Peter N. Ireland<br>This dissertation consists of two chapters. The first chapter: Does going to prison increase the chance that one eventually applies for U.S. disability insurance (DI)? Since the 1980's, there have been substantial increases in both the number of people who have been incarcerated and the number of people applying for DI. Both increases have caused higher costs to taxpayers. While several studies have explored the causes of the increased DI applications and several others have looked at the labor outcomes of ex-inmates, no study has yet asked whether prison itself has any effect on the DI application process. Prison, with its harsh conditions, could cause physical and mental disabilities that increase the chance of a DI application. Properly measuring this, however, requires considering any endogeneity that predisposes ex-inmates to a DI application prior to incarceration. To do this, I use the instruments of states' minimum wages and legal high school drop-out ages to explore the effect of increasing incarceration numbers on state-level DI applications. I find that prison does have a significant effect on DI applications; a 1.0% increase in incarceration causes approximately a 0.5% increase in DI applications six years after the initial increase in incarceration numbers. I find that prison's effect is especially strong for a means-tested group who also concurrently applies to Supplemental Security Income (SSI); here a 1.0% increase in prison leads to a 0.9% increase in people who apply for both DI and SSI after a six year lag. This suggests lower income groups are more sensitive to incarceration. Also, the cost of imprisonment should take into account the cost of subsequent DI applications and awards. The second chapter: This paper assesses the specific case of when a monopolist manufacturer producing two types of goods is allowed to bundle the goods when selling to retailers who are allowed to re-sell the goods individually, have territorial market power and have heterogeneity in the resale demand functions. While the literature covers bundling in a variety of forms, no paper has considered the effect that the presence of multiple retailers may have on an upstream manufacturer who bundles and how benefits to bundling may accrue to consumers, retailers, and manufacturer in the presence of retailer heterogeneity. It is shown that under plausible circumstances, the ability of a retailer to retain profit in the face of bundling may prevent consumers in other markets from realizing greater welfare-enhancing effects although bundling in these cases at least weakly improves consumer welfare and never diminishes it. It is also shown by example, that in the case of three retailers, some retailers may actually profit more when the upstream manufacturer bundles while other retailers may profit less. This suggests that in certain cases some retailers may even favor upstream bundling as their interests align with that of the manufacturer<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Economics
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Yu, Ling. "Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78860.
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This dissertation consists of three research papers in Applied Microeconomics. Each paper uses an econometric technique to analyze a problem related to human behavior. The first paper examines the separate effects of time and location of the School Breakfast Program on participation and consumption of breakfast by elementary school children in northern Nevada. Controlling for potential selection bias and unobserved individual fixed effects with a panel version of the Heckman sample selection model, it is shown that extra time allowed for breakfast leads to an approximately 20% increase in average participation, and the transition from cafeteria to classroom adds another 40% for the typical student. The second paper uses the Hedonic Property Valuation Method to quantify the willingness-to-pay of residents in the Dan River region for three dimensions of an improved food environment---availability, accessibility, and acceptability of food. This paper accounts for potential omitted variables issue in the hedonic analysis by applying a spatial-lag model, and finds an overall negative or null preference of residents in this region for an improved food environment. The third paper investigates the effects of characteristics of human interpreters and images on the accuracy of cloud interpretation for satellite images in an online experiment, using a fractional logit model. The results indicate that an image with higher cloud coverage and/or larger brightness is more likely to receive higher accuracy, and the more time spent on the image and more image completed are also beneficial for improving the accuracy. This paper also uses a logistic regression model to compare the performance of human interpreters to that of an automated algorithm, and finds that human interpreters outperform the automated algorithm for an average satellite image out of our twelve selected images.<br>Ph. D.
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Ghosh, Raoul [Verfasser], Almut [Akademischer Betreuer] Balleer, and Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Bachmann. "Essays in applied econometrics / Raoul Ghosh ; Almut Balleer, Rüdiger Bachmann." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/116863587X/34.
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Kang, Dongwoo. "Essays on Spatial Externality and Spatial Heterogeneity in Applied Spatial Econometrics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560840.
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This dissertation consists of three empirical essays of which contributions consist, first, in developing spatial weight matrices based on more than just pure geographical proximity for the modeling of interregional externalities. Second, my essays propose different approaches to discover spatial heterogeneity in the data generating processes, including the interregional externalities, under investigation. This dissertation provides Economic Geographers and Regional Scientists interested in the modeling and measurement of spatial externalities a set of practical examples based on new datasets and state-of-the-art spatial econometric techniques to consider for their own work. I hope my dissertation will provide them with some guidance on how various aspects of spatial externalities can be incorporated in traditional spatial weight matrices and of how much the impact of externalities can be spatially heterogeneous. The results of the dissertation should help spatial and regional policy makers to understand better various aspects of interregional dependence in regional economic systems and to devise locally effective and place-tailored spatial and regional policies. The first essay investigates the negative spatial externalities of irrigation on corn production. The spatial externalities of irrigation water are well known but have never been examined in a spatial econometric framework so far. We investigate their role in a theoretical model of profit-maximizing farming and verify our predictions empirically in a crop production function measured across US Corn Belt counties. The interregional groundwater and surface water externalities are modeled based on actual aquifer and river stream network characteristics. The second essay examines the positive spatial externalities of academic and private R&D spending in the frame of a regional knowledge production function measured across US counties. It distinguishes the role of local knowledge spillovers that are determined by geographical proximity from distant spillovers that we choose to capture through a matrix of patent creation-citation flows. The advantage of the latter matrix is its capacity to capture the technological proximity between counties as well as the direction of knowledge spillovers. These two elements have been missed in the literature so far. The last essay highlights and measures the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the marginal effect of the innovation inputs, more especially of the interregional knowledge spillovers. The literature of knowledge production function has adopted geographically aggregated units and controlled for region-specific conditions to highlight the presence of spatial heterogeneity in regional knowledge creation. However, most empirical studies have relied on a global modeling approach that measures spatially homogenous marginal effects of knowledge inputs. This essay explains the source of the heterogeneity in innovation and then measures the spatial heterogeneity in the marginal effects of knowledge spillovers as well as of other knowledge input factors across US counties. For this purpose, the nonparametric local modeling approaches of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Mixed GWR are used.
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Quinn, Casey. "The Health economic applications of Copulas: methods in applied econometrics reasearch." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489199.
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This thesis presents copulas as a statistical methodology appropriate to applied health economic research. Like all applied economic and econometric analysis, health economics applies econometric methods under certain assumptions. I propose here that copulas be used in place of common assumptions made when analysing multivariate data, specifically the distributional and dependence assimiptions commonly made jointly-dependent outcomes in health and health care.
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Scottini, Lucas Costa. "O que o Nome nos ensina? Padrões sociais e raciais de nomes e sobrenomes e performance escolar em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-30112011-192644/.
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Esta dissertação estuda padrões sociais e raciais de nomes e sobrenomes entre alunos paulistas e a correlação desses padrões com desempenho escolar. Para cada nome e sobrenome observados criamos índices que medem o quão distintamente rico (ou pobre) e o quão distintamente branco (ou afro) tais nomes e sobrenomes são. Os resultados são de que tanto nomes quanto sobrenomes dão sinais de status socioeconômico, enquanto sobrenomes e, em menor medida, nomes predizem raça. Nomes que indicam maior status são, em geral, de maior frequência estatística, de origem latina, formados por um só termo e com grafia condizente com a Língua Portuguesa formal. Nomes de menor frequência estatística, compostos por duas palavras, com influência do idioma inglês na grafia e na pronúncia e com grafias distintas do Português formal estão associados a baixo status. A evidência aponta ainda para uma relação mais forte entre primeiro nome e status do que entre primeiro nome e raça, revelando que, em São Paulo, o universo cultural que baseia a escolha de primeiros nomes é mais classe-específico que raça-específico. Pelo lado dos nomes de família, os dados mostram que sobrenomes tipicamente de alto status e tipicamente brancos são de menor frequência estatística e de origem não-portuguesa. Sobrenomes portugueses não apresentam padrão socioeconômico e racial, com exceção dos três sobrenomes mais frequentes, os quais são tipicamente pobres. Além disso, sobrenomes associados à religião católica são tipicamente pobres e afrodescendentes. Posteriormente, avaliamos a relação entre diversas medidas de performance escolar e nomes e sobrenomes. Os dados apontam para uma associação robusta entre ter um nome distintamente pobre (rico) e um sobrenome distintamente afro (branco) e piores (melhores) resultados escolares. Tal evidência é consistente com um cenário em que escolhas culturais dos pais e herança cultural familiar afetam a acumulação de capital humano de crianças e jovens adultos. Entre outras possibilidades está a existência de tratamento discriminatório nas escolas.<br>This dissertation studies social and racial patterns of names and surnames for students in São Paulo and evaluates its contribution to academic performance. For each name and surname observed, we create indices to measure how distinctively rich (or poor) and how distinctively white (or black) they are. We find that both names and surnames are predictors of social status, while surnames and, to a lesser extent, names predict race. Names that indicate higher status present, generally, higher frequency, latin origin, only one term and spelling coherent to formal Portuguese language. Names that signal low status show lower frequency, two terms, English language influence on spelling and pronouncing and spelling different from formal Portuguese. The evidence also points to a stronger link between first names and social status than between first names and race, revealing that cultural determinants of name choice are mainly social rather than racial. When it comes to family names, data shows that distinctively high status and white surnames have low frequency and non-portuguese origin. Portuguese surnames do not present social or racial patterns, except for the three most common surnames, which are typically poor. Additionaly, catholic devotional surnames are distinctively poor and afro. Then we evaluate the correlation between names, surnames and a set of academic performance measures. The evidence indicates a robust link between having a distinctively poor (rich) name and a distinctively afro (white) family name and worse (better) grades. This is consistent with a scenario where parental cultural choices and familiar cultural heritage affect human capital accumulation of children. Discriminatory treatment in school is another possibility.
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Weynandt, Michèle [Verfasser], and Gerard J. van den [Akademischer Betreuer] Berg. "Essays in Applied Econometrics / Michèle Weynandt. Betreuer: Gerard J. van den Berg." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052193552/34.
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Büschemann, Arne [Verfasser]. "Managerial and organizational efficiency : applied econometrics in professional team sports / Arne Büschemann." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072146371/34.
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Guber, Raphael [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter. "Essays in applied econometrics and health economics / Raphael Guber ; Betreuer: Joachim Winter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1152946080/34.
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Minhas, Ghalib Absar Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Essays in Applied Panel Data Econometrics and Machine Learning / Ghalib Absar Ahmed Minhas." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173616306/34.
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Spiru, Alina Maria. "The monetary integration of Central and Eastern European economies : essays in applied econometrics." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493814.
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The expected adherence to the European Monetary Union of a number of Central and Eastern European economies provides an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the monetary and exchange rate policies pursued by these countries during the complex transition and accession period. This thesis assumes this challenge and performs a stocktaking exercise in the confines of an econometric investigation. The four topics selected for the empirical analysis are: the causal link between money and output, the inflation convergence process, die mean reversion of real change rates and the presence of nonlinear features in real exchange rate dynamics. Although the chapters that address these issues can be regarded as self-contained essays, the common denominator is represented by the subject matter and the features of the econometric assessment, which relies upon recent developments in the area of nonstationary time series and panel data techniques.
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Shi, Ruoding. "Applications of Applied Econometrics in the Food and Health Economic and Agribusiness Topics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103197.
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This dissertation consists of three essays in Applied Econometrics that seek a better understanding of different aspects of risk and risk management tools. The first essay is about mortality risk in Virginia coal regions. With a focus on the mortality of non-malignant respiratory diseases (NMRD), I estimate the impact of living in a coal county and find that coal-mining county residency significantly increases the probability of dying from NMRD. This statistical association is accentuated by surface coal mining, high smoking rates, lower health insurance coverage, and a shortage of doctors. The second essay evaluates the cost of a price risk management tool called futures hedging. A variety of measures illustrate considerable changes in hedging costs over time. Quantile regression results show that substantial price volatility and high margin requirements are the main factors driving high hedging costs from 2007 to 2013. The third paper investigates a health risk management tool, a public health insurance program in China called New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). I apply contract theory to characterize local governments' selective incentives in NCMS benefit designs. Empirical analysis of China Health and Nutrition Survey data indicate challenges of financial sustainability of this scheme in poor regions. The NCMS plan tends to under-cover the services that are moderately predictable and negatively correlated with plan profits, such as outpatient treatments. Preventive services are generally over-provided, perhaps due to the incentive to attract healthy participants.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>This dissertation uses quantitative analysis to investigate three economic problems related to different aspects of risk. The first question is, what affects the respiratory health of Virginia coal mining counties' residents? Using respiratory mortality as the variable of interest, this paper finds that surface coal mining, high smoking rates, and lack of health access jointly contribute to the elevated risk of dying from respiratory diseases in our study area. The second research problem is about a price risk management tool called "hedging": purchasing contracts in the futures market to offset price movements in the cash markets. Based on historical data of corn and soybeans, I simulate the cost of hedging and find this risk management tool is not cheap, especially in 2007 to 2013. The high cost is mainly due to substantial price fluctuations in the recent decade. As a health risk management tool, health insurance is the focus of my third study. In China rural areas, a public health scheme aimed to reduce a resident's risk of suffering medical impoverishment by spreading the risk over residents in a county. County governments were relatively free to design the implementation and benefit plans. This study reveals that most New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) benefit plans are not efficient to achieve the scheme's objective. Facing high risk of fund deficits, local insurance programs in poor regions are likely to under-cover health services, such as outpatient treatments. If this scheme were allowed to charge higher prices from high-risk enrollees instead of a flat-rate premium, its efficiency might be improved.
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Pyne, Sean. "Quantifying the Trenches: Machine Learning Applied to NFL Offensive Lineman Valuation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1686.
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There are 32 teams in the National Football League all competing to be the best by creating the strongest roster possible. The problem of evaluating talent has created extreme competition between teams in the form of a rookie draft and a fiercely competitive veteran free agent market. The difficulty with player evaluation is due to the noise associated with measuring a particular player’s value. The intent of this paper is to create an algorithm for identifying the inefficiencies in pricing in these player markets. In particular, this paper focuses on the veteran free agent market for offensive linemen in the NFL. NFL offensive linemen are difficult to evaluate empirically because of the significant amount of noise present due to an inability to measure a lineman’s performance directly. The algorithm first uses a machine learning technique, k-means cluster analysis, to generate a comparative set of offensive lineman. Then using that set of comparable offensive linemen, the algorithm flags any lineman that vary significantly in earnings from their peers. It is in this fashion that the algorithm provides relative valuations for particular offensive lineman.
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Deloughery, Kathleen Loretta. "A Joint Examination of Country Policies and Transnational Terrorism." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249578944.
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Floro, Danvee [Verfasser]. "Essays on applied econometrics of macro-financial panel data with cross-sectional dependence / Danvee Floro." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187242535/34.
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Dafnos, Stavros. "Five essays in applied economic theory and times series econometrics with applications to accounting and economics." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15618.
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We employ some of the modern tools of economic theory and time series econometrics to consider a number of economic problems. The communication and coordination problems we study are relevant in accounting, business, economics and finance. The thesis begins by examining the behaviour of people and organisations, who are supposed to share a common goal. Then it considers the equilibriating mechanisms of behaviour by groups of economic agents, who usually have conflicting interests. We apply the tools of non-cooperative game theory, which constitutes a large part of modern economic theory. In the sequel, we address the question of why people behave the way they do in their economic a↵airs. Peoples' economic behaviour is mirrored in the aggregates of macroeconomics. We propose a Time Varying Autoregressive model to study the movements in the five main macroeconomic variables. The methods come from standard Time Series Analysis, but we do introduce some innovative time series techniques. Finally, we conduct an empirical investigation of the movements in one of the five main macroeconomic variables, the rate of inflation. Among the econometric tools employed are standard Autoregressive models (AR), Autoregressive Distributed Lag models (ADL) and the more recent Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) methodology.