Journal articles: 'Applied Health and Psychology (Theses)'

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Azibo, Daudi Ajani ya. "African-Centered Theses on Mental Health and a Nosology of Black/African Personality Disorder." Journal of Black Psychology 15, no. 2 (February 1989): 173–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984890152008.

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Butler-Coyne, Hannah, Vaithehy Shanmuganathan-Felton, and Jamie Taylor. "Mental Health in Equestrian Sport." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0002.

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Equestrian media is showing an increasing interest in the impact of mental health on performance and general wellbeing of equestrian athletes. This study explores the awareness of mental health difficulties and psychological wellbeing within equestrian sport from the perspectives of equestrian athletes, instructors/coaches and parents. The exploratory nature of the research offered opportunity to use a dual approach including e-surveys and semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the qualitative data identified five key themes (Emotional WellbeinginBalance; Emotional WellbeingImbalance; WellbeingImbalance—Impact on Equestrian Sportspeople; Impact of Equestrian Sport on Wellbeing; Regaining Balance) and 22 sub-themes. The findings determine a compelling need for education, promotion of sharing experiences, facilitation of specialist (clinical and sport) professional training and intervention as well as a review of regulations from equestrian Governing Bodies.

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Ægisdóttir, Stefanía, Mark M. Leach, John L. Romano, Saundra Tomlinson-Clarke, and Deniz Canel-Çınarbaş. "Sociopolitical, Cultural, and Historical Contexts That Influence Counseling Practice in Four Countries." Counseling Psychologist 47, no. 4 (May 2019): 578–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000019883321.

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In this article, we provide examples of how historical and sociopolitical events have shaped the development of psychology and psychological services in Iceland, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. These examples are offered to (a) enhance international competencies related to the countries’ cultures, ecological system, and subsystems, and (b) inspire counseling psychologists to collaborate with colleagues around the world on efforts to indigenize psychology paradigms and promote accessible service delivery systems. Common themes across these countries indicated that (a) provision of psychological services is highly influenced by the biomedical model of mental health, (b) access to mental health care is influenced by cost and stigma, and (c) a limited connection exists between traditional healing practices and Western-based diagnostic and mental health services. In all countries there was a struggle for greater recognition of psychological services; in Iceland, Thailand, and Turkey, counseling psychology is not recognized as a legally sanctioned profession. Suggestions are offered for internationally competent counseling psychologists who intend to promote the provision of culturally responsive psychological services worldwide.

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Trimble, Joseph E. "The Virtues of Cultural Resonance, Competence, and Relational Collaboration With Native American Indian Communities: A Synthesis of the Counseling and Psychotherapy Literature." Counseling Psychologist 38, no. 2 (November 18, 2009): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009344348.

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The article extends the scholarship, observations, and recommendations provided in Joseph Gone’s article, “Psychotherapy and Traditional Healing for American Indians: Prospects for Therapeutic Integration” (2010 [this issue]). The overarching thesis is that for many Indian and Native clients, interpersonal and interethnic problems can emerge when a counselor’s lack of culturally resonant experience and knowledge, deeply held stereotypes, and preconceived notions interfere with the counseling relationship and impede counseling effectiveness. A brief synthesis of the counseling literature themes suggests that there is ample evidence that by using particular culturally resonant techniques, counselors can promote client trust, rapport, and cultural empathy and improve the counselor—client relationship, both in general and with American Indian and Alaska Native clients specifically. Topics consistent with Joseph Gone’s main thesis also are explored that relate to spiritual healing and other counseling considerations involving relational collaborations with Indian and Native communities. Information provided in this article is focused on helping to stimulate effective cross-cultural contacts between mental health counselors and Native American Indians.

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Heppner, P. Paul. "The Benefits and Challenges of Becoming Cross-Culturally Competent Counseling Psychologists." Counseling Psychologist 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000005282832.

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The central thesis of this article is that focusing on cross-cultural competence will enhance both the science and the practice of counseling psychology. Developing cross-cultural competence is a lifelong journey, replete with many joys and challenges, that will (a) increase the sophistication of our research, (b) expand the utility and generalizability of the knowledge bases in counseling psychology, (c) promote a deeper realization that counseling occurs in a cultural context, and (d) increase not only counseling effectiveness but also the profession’s ability to address diverse mental health needs across different populations around the globe. In the future, (a) counseling psychologists will be expected to have an array of cross-cultural competencies, which emphasizes the need to systematically train students to acquire such competencies, and (b) counseling psychology will no longer be defined as counseling psychology within the United States, but rather, the parameters of counseling psychology will cross many countries and many cultures.

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Stewart, Greig M., and Barry C. Gregory. "Themes of a Long-Term AIDS Support Group for Gay Men." Counseling Psychologist 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000096242009.

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Support groups are established psychosocial treatment modalties in which clients address issues resulting from particular problems or diagnoses. In the past decade, the support group format has been widely adopted by community health clinics for persons diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As mainstream health systems assist more people with AlDS, initial expertise developed from the gay and lesbian health care response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIR believed to be the cause of AlDS) provides valuable information for all health care practitioners. This discussion of a long-term (5-year) AIDS support group examines 6 content themes: marginity,making choices, coping with the emotional roller coaster, premature confrontation of life issues, living with a chronic illness versus dying with a terminal disease, and death and dying. The authors inform their observations through examining the support group literature for persons living with HIV and other chronic or terminal illnesses.

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Graham, Katie, Gareth J. Treharne, Christian Ruzibiza, and Max Nicolson. "The importance of health(ism): A focus group study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer and transgender individuals’ understandings of health." Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315600236.

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This study investigated understandings of health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer and/or transgender people, who are under-represented in research. The study involved 12 focus groups in Aotearoa/New Zealand with 47 participants who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer and/or transgender and responded to an advert inviting participants without chronic illnesses. Three themes were inductively formulated: health is important because education and protection efforts are seen as required to preserve health, health is seen as holistic, and contextual factors are seen as creating health risks. These findings provide insights into how lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer and/or transgender people’s understandings of health draw upon notions of healthism.

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Pignatiello, Grant A., Richard J. Martin, and Ronald L. Hickman. "Decision fatigue: A conceptual analysis." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318763510.

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Decision fatigue is an applicable concept to healthcare psychology. Due to a lack of conceptual clarity, we present a concept analysis of decision fatigue. A search of the term “decision fatigue” was conducted across seven research databases, which yielded 17 relevant articles. The authors identified three antecedent themes (decisional, self-regulatory, and situational) and three attributional themes (behavioral, cognitive, and physiological) of decision fatigue. However, the extant literature failed to adequately describe consequences of decision fatigue. This concept analysis provides needed conceptual clarity for decision fatigue, a concept possessing relevance to nursing and allied health sciences.

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Williams, Jessica R., Rosa M. Gonzalez-Guarda, Valerie Halstead, Jacob Martinez, and Laly Joseph. "Disclosing Gender-Based Violence During Health Care Visits: A Patient-Centered Approach." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (July 27, 2017): 5552–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517720733.

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The purpose of this study was to better understand victims’ perspectives regarding decisions to disclose gender-based violence, namely, intimate partner violence (IPV) and human trafficking, to health care providers and what outcomes matter to them when discussing these issues with their provider. Twenty-five participants from racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds were recruited from a family justice center located in the southeastern United States. Two fifths had experienced human trafficking, and the remaining had experienced IPV. Upon obtaining informed consent, semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine interview data. Five primary themes emerged. Three themes focused on factors that may facilitate or impede disclosure: patient–provider connectedness, children, and social support. The fourth theme was related to ambiguity in the role of the health care system in addressing gender-based violence. The final theme focused on outcomes participants hope to achieve when discussing their experiences with health care providers. Similar themes emerged from both IPV and human trafficking victims; however, victims of human trafficking were more fearful of judgment and had a stronger desire to keep experiences private. Cultural factors also played an important role in decisions around disclosure and may interact with the general disparities racial/ethnic minority groups face within the health care system. Recognizing factors that influence patient engagement with the health care system as it relates to gender-based violence is critical. The health care system can respond to gender-based violence and its associated comorbidities in numerous ways and interventions must be driven by the patient’s goals and desired outcomes of disclosure. These interventions may be better served by taking patient-centered factors into account and viewing the effectiveness of intervention programs through a behavioral, patient-centered lens.

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Webb, Tom, Paul Gorczynski, Shakiba Oftadeh-Moghadam, and Laura Grubb. "Experience and Construction of Mental Health Among English Female Football Match Officials." Sport Psychologist 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0086.

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Research into the mental health of female sport match officials is scarce, despite verbal and physical abuse being commonplace. Twelve female match officials officiating male and female matches took part in semistructured interviews, investigating their experiences and understanding of their mental health. Deductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: male and female football environments; abuse, sexism, and homophobia in football; formal and informal support networks; and mental health knowledge and experience—accessing services. The results revealed toxic, abusive, male-dominated environments that included sexist and derogatory language, negatively affecting their mental health. The female match officials struggled to ascertain mechanisms for support and identified that the educational courses and local organizations did not provide mental health information or training, and match officials often experienced poor mental health during and after matches. Increased engagement with mental health literacy and policy change from governing bodies is required, given the unique challenges female match officials face.

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Le Grice, Jade, and Virginia Braun. "Indigenous (Māori) sexual health psychologies in New Zealand: Delivering culturally congruent sexuality education." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317739909.

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Indigenous (Māori) psychologies of sexual health occur at the cultural nexus of Indigenous and Western knowledge, colonising influence and intervention. Formal school-based sexuality education holds potential to intervene in this psychological space by decolonising notions of Māori sexuality, relationships and reproduction. This research utilises an Indigenous feminist (Mana Wāhine) methodology and interviews with 43 Māori participants (26 women and 17 men). We explore how Māori knowledges (mātauranga Māori), responsive to the surrounding colonising context, were interwoven through four themes: relationships, reproductive responsibility, open conversations about sexuality and contraceptive education. Indigenous knowledges can contribute to good sexual health psychologies for all.

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Facchin, Federica, Emanuela Saita, Giussy Barbara, Dhouha Dridi, and Paolo Vercellini. "“Free butterflies will come out of these deep wounds”: A grounded theory of how endometriosis affects women’s psychological health." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316688952.

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This study aimed to develop a grounded theory of how endometriosis affects psychological health. Open interviews were conducted with 74 patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered to all women, who were divided into distressed versus non-distressed. At the core of our grounded theory was the notion of disruption due to the common features of living with endometriosis. Experiencing disruption (vs restoring continuity) involved higher distress and was associated with a long pathway to diagnosis, bad doctor–patient relationships, poor physical health, lack of support, negative sense of female identity, and identification of life with endometriosis.

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Atari-Khan, Rawan, Anna Hope Covington, Lawrence H. Gerstein, Huda al Herz, Betsy R. Varner, Casey Brasfield, Bryan Shurigar, et al. "Concepts of Resilience Among Trauma-Exposed Syrian Refugees." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 233–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020970522.

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Syrian refugees comprise the largest population of internally displaced people in the world, with about 18,000 Syrian refugees resettled in the United States from 2011 to 2016. Although many of these individuals experience trauma that can lead to different mental health problems, most are quite resilient. This qualitative study explores themes of resilience in Syrian refugees, and how these themes differ from Western ideas of resilience. Eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Syrian adults in the United States. Questions focused on three experiences: preflight, flight, and postflight. Interviews were conducted in Arabic with a bilingual translator. Thematic analysis was used to identify concepts of resilience. Themes that emerged included: life in Syria outside of conflict, life in Syria during war, seeking refuge, life in the United States, hardships and challenges, systemic failure, comparison between cultures, health and well-being, external sources of resilience, and internal sources of resilience. We discuss research and counseling implications of these results.

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Dinh, Julie V., Allison M. Traylor, Molly P. Kilcullen, Joshua A. Perez, Ethan J. Schweissing, Akshaya Venkatesh, and Eduardo Salas. "Cross-Disciplinary Care: A Systematic Review on Teamwork Processes in Health Care." Small Group Research 51, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 125–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496419872002.

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As health care delivery moves toward more complex, team-based systems, the topic of medical teamwork has gained considerable attention and study across disciplines. This systematic review integrates empirical research on teamwork and health care to identify broad trends. We identified and coded 1,818 relevant, English, and peer-reviewed journal articles using a teamwork processes rubric. Several themes emerged. The health care teamwork literature has grown substantially over the past 20 years. Approximately half of the studies were descriptive (rather than interventional or psychometric); the majority relied on quantitative methods. Health care teamwork was also studied in thematically distinct manners. Interpersonal processes were most commonly studied across fields. Of all disciplines, medicine focused most on transition processes, whereas those from team science centered more highly on action processes. There were also finer grained disciplinary differences in content areas of communication and collaboration. Interprofessional journals represent a potential area for interdisciplinary efforts. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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Murray, Michael, and Amanda Crummett. "‘I Don’t Think They Knew We Could Do These Sorts of Things’." Journal of Health Psychology 15, no. 5 (July 2010): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368069.

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As people age the character of their social relationships change. There is evidence that older people who reside in disadvantaged communities often experience social isolation, which in turn has been found to be associated with a variety of health problems. This article reports the initial findings from a participatory arts project with a group of older residents of a disadvantaged urban community. It describes how the older residents represented their community and how they perceived the community arts intervention.

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Sprague, Courtenay, Abigail M. Hatcher, Nataly Woollett, and Vivian Black. "How Nurses in Johannesburg Address Intimate Partner Violence in Female Patients: Understanding IPV Responses in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Systems." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 11 (June 19, 2015): 1591–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515589929.

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One in three women, globally, experiences intimate partner violence (IPV). Although 80% of the world’s population resides in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), health system responses to IPV are poorly understood. In 2013, the World Health Organization released new guidelines for IPV but universal screening was not recommended in LMICs due to perceived lack of capacity and insufficient evidence. South Africa, with IPV prevalence estimated at 31% to 55%, offers a window into LMIC health systems. South African women seek health care for partner abuse, yet no guidelines exist to direct providers. This research aimed to understand how and why nurses respond to IPV. Using a descriptive design, 25 nurses from five health facilities were interviewed, generating rich narratives of provider actions. Themes were coded and analyzed. An iterative process of constant comparison of emergent data was undertaken to verify and confirm final themes. In the absence of IPV guidelines, nurses employed interventions characterized as counseling, ascertaining abuse, and referral. Nurses’ actions were motivated by fear for patients’ survival, perceived professional obligations, patients’ expectations of receiving treatment, personal experiences of IPV, and weak police responses to IPV. Findings indicated nurses were responding to IPV in a routine manner, yet comprehensive guidelines remain essential to govern and locate their actions within the framework of a public health response. South Africa yields lessons for enhancing understanding of IPV responses in LMICs, while contributing to a slim evidence base of the “how” and “why” of provider actions toward IPV in patients.

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Venner, Heather, and Laura E. Welfare. "Black Caribbean Immigrants: A Qualitative Study of Experiences in Mental Health Therapy." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 8 (November 2019): 639–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419887074.

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Black Caribbeans seeking mental health treatment in the United States may be mistakenly identified as African American because of their shared skin tone and features. This racial consolidation does not take into account their distinct histories, immigrant experiences, and cultural separateness and may be particularly problematic in therapy. We explored the mental health therapy experiences of eight Black Caribbeans in the United States in this phenomenological qualitative study. We highlight themes that bring to life the client experiences and reveal if and how the counselors addressed the client’s cultural distinctiveness. Implications for mental health counselors include the importance of respectful inquisitiveness about cultural identities and immigration experiences and the importance of inviting Black Caribbean clients by mentioning knowledge of Caribbean cultures in one’s practice information.

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Kibblewhite, Julia R., Gareth J. Treharne, Simon Stebbings, and Roisin SM Hegarty. "Enjoyment of exercise among people with arthritis: An inductive thematic analysis." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 6 (October 5, 2017): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317733320.

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Past research into exercise among people with long-term health conditions has paid surprisingly little attention to the concept of enjoyment. This study explored enjoyment of exercise among people with arthritis. Semi-structured interviews were held with 12 participants aged 20–85 years. The transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: enjoyment of exercise in relation to other people, benefits of exercise in relation to enjoyment, working around barriers to enjoy exercise and finding an enjoyable balance to exercise. These themes highlight the relevance of enjoyment and how it could feature in advice about exercise for people with arthritis.

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Pote, Helen, Annabel Rees, Charley Holloway-Biddle, and Emma Griffith. "Workforce challenges in digital health implementation: How are clinical psychology training programmes developing digital competences?" DIGITAL HEALTH 7 (January 2021): 205520762098539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207620985396.

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Objectives Digital practice in psychological services is a rapidly expanding and innovative area which is supporting continuation of clinical provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training the workforce to deliver safe and effective online psychological provision is key to service success and relies on accurate mapping of competences and current training needs. This paper discusses the initial stage for developing the first digital mental health competence framework for applied psychology in the UK. It reports on the digital training currently provided nationally and barriers/facilitators to acquiring these competencies. Methods Eighteen of the thirty UK Clinical Psychology Doctoral training programmes completed a 16-item survey. This mapped current digital health teaching and skills acquisition for trainee Clinical Psychologists throughout their 3-year pre-registration training. Furthermore, potential barriers and facilitators to developing these digital skills for both trainee and qualified Clinical Psychologists were investigated. Results The quantitative analysis highlighted the majority of respondents viewed developing digital mental health competencies with importance, but were not integrating this into teaching or clinical placements activity. The qualitative, inductive content analysis revealed seven key themes influencing the development of digital mental health skills, with the majority of respondents identifying with two themes; the need for practice guidelines (50% of respondents) and opportunities for digital mental health experience. Conclusions The findings suggest the need for a greater focus on developing the digital health knowledge, skills, and confidence across trainee and qualified Clinical Psychologists. Strategic analysis indicated the need to develop a framework for digital mental health competences across the curriculum and placement experience. Easily accessible learning packages may support the implementation of training nationally.

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Rohleder, Poul, Daragh T. McDermott, and Rachel Cook. "Experience of sexual self-esteem among men living with HIV." Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315597053.

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Much of the focus on sexual health for people living with HIV has been on promoting safe sex behaviours. However, also important for sexual health is a positive sexual self-esteem. This article reports on an interpretative phenomenological analysis of interviews with seven men about the impact that having HIV has had on their sense of sexual self. Five overarching themes were identified: the ‘destruction’ of a sexual self; feeling sexually hazardous; sexual inhibition; reclaiming a sexual self and finding a place through sero-sorting. With HIV now being a chronic illness, interventions are required to support people to lead sexually satisfying lives.

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Garbett, Kirsty, Diana Harcourt, and Heather Buchanan. "Using online blogs to explore positive outcomes after burn injuries." Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 13 (March 27, 2016): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316638549.

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This study uses blog analysis, a new and novel technique, to explore the positive outcomes experienced by burn survivors. This study examined 10 burn survivor blogs to offer a unique, longitudinal insight into burn survivor recovery. Using thematic analysis, three themes emerged: shift in self-perception, enhanced relationships and a change in life outlook. Many of these themes contained stories and experiences unique to a traumatic burn injury, suggesting that standardised trauma scales are not effectively measuring the impact of a burn in this population. Reflections on blog analysis are discussed, along with a recommendation that health researchers utilise the vast amount of data available from online blogs.

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Aldaz, Bruno E., Gareth J. Treharne, Robert G. Knight, Tamlin S. Conner, and David Perez. "‘It gets into your head as well as your body’: The experiences of patients with cancer during oncology treatment with curative intent." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316671185.

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This study explored the psychosocial experiences of patients with cancer during the course of oncology treatment with curative intent. Our aim was to gather in-depth insights into the shared elements of oncology treatment across a range of cancer types. A total of 10 individuals undergoing oncology treatment participated in semi-structured interviews. Six themes were identified using interpretative phenomenological analysis: diminished well-being, perceived role changes in intimate relationships, heightened awareness of limited time, a new order of priorities, taking things as they come and development of trust in health professionals. These themes indicate relevant areas of patients’ well-being, which might be enhanced through psychosocial support services.

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Newton-John, Toby RO, Adriana D. Ventura, Kylie Mosely, Jessica L. Browne, and Jane Speight. "‘Are you sure you’re going to have another one of those?’: A qualitative analysis of the social control and social support models in type 2 diabetes." Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 14 (April 22, 2016): 1819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316642005.

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While there is evidence that spouses can impact the self-management of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, less is known about the influence of the wider social network. This qualitative study explored the perceived impact of the family as well as friends and work colleagues on type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management. A total of 25 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their social experiences of living with diabetes. Deductive thematic analysis was applied to the data. Pre-existing themes of health-related social control and social support were identified in the wider social network, with additional themes of non-involvement and unintentional undermining also emerging.

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Gillum, Tameka L., Mitchell Doucette, Mtise Mwanza, and Leso Munala. "Exploring Kenyan Women’s Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 13 (January 6, 2016): 2130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515622842.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem and global human rights violation. Effective interventions can only be created upon conducting qualitative studies that explore the cultural context of an affected population and how they interpret the phenomenon. This qualitative study investigated Kenyan women’s perceptions of IPV. Two community-based focus groups ( n = 19) were conducted with Kenyan women in Nairobi. Conventional content analysis identified seven primary themes that emerged from focus group data: snapshot of violence; poverty; cultural context; masculinity; women taking action; resources; and, prevention strategies. Themes are described and implications for further research and intervention are presented.

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Berlim, M. T., F. van den Eynde, S. Tovar-Perdomo, and Z. J. Daskalakis. "Response, remission and drop-out rates following high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 2 (March 18, 2013): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000512.

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BackgroundMeta-analyses have shown that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has antidepressant properties when compared with sham rTMS. However, its overall response and remission rates in major depression (MD) remain unclear. Thus, we have systematically and quantitatively assessed the efficacy of HF-rTMS for MD based on randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials (RCTs).MethodWe searched the literature from 1995 through to July 2012 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. We used a random-effects model, odds ratios (ORs) and the number needed to treat (NNT).ResultsData from 29 RCTs were included, totaling 1371 subjects with MD. Following approximately 13 sessions, 29.3% and 18.6% of subjects receiving HF-rTMS were classified as responders and remitters, respectively (compared with 10.4% and 5% of those receiving sham rTMS). The pooled OR was 3.3 (p < 0.0001) for both response and remission rates (with associated NNTs of 6 and 8, respectively). Furthermore, we found HF-rTMS to be equally effective as an augmentation strategy or as a monotherapy for MD, and when used in samples with primary unipolar MD or in mixed samples with unipolar and bipolar MD. Also, alternative stimulation parameters were not associated with differential efficacy estimates. Moreover, baseline depression severity and drop-out rates at study end were comparable between the HF-rTMS and sham rTMS groups. Finally, heterogeneity between the included RCTs was not statistically significant.ConclusionsHF-rTMS seems to be associated with clinically relevant antidepressant effects and with a benign tolerability profile.

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Wise, Taylor K. "Programs on a Diet?: An Examination of Athletic Departments’ Eating Disorder Policies at NCAA Division I Universities." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0060.

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Disordered eating (DE) plays a significant role in the overall health and athletic performance of collegiate athletes. The present study sought to determine how many NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Institutions have a policy that specifically addresses the prevention and management of DE for their participating athletes and to examine the content of the existing policies. The study searched for policies in the 128 FBS institutions through an online web-search and by contacting athletic department personnel. A total of 33 currently existing policies on athletes with eating disorders (EDs) were found, 13 of which were found online. A documentary analysis was then conducted to determine the type of information that policies include. Sixteen major themes were found throughout the analysis, including themes that related to prevention, risk factors, identification, treatment, referral, and return-to-play guidelines.

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Bowman, Sharon L., and Gargi Roysircar. "Training and Practice in Trauma, Catastrophes, and Disaster Counseling." Counseling Psychologist 39, no. 8 (July 1, 2011): 1160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000010397934.

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Trauma-related assistance in response to disasters or catastrophes is needed locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally, and the authors argue that there is a necessity for counseling psychologists and counseling psychology programs to incorporate it into their prevention, training, and social justice repertoire. Counseling psychologists are in a unique position to engage in disaster relief efforts because of their values and training, particularly around work with diverse clients. The authors present examples from two training programs of disaster mental health work completed in the field with students and their preparation of students for this work. They discuss some struggles and challenges in involving students and interventions for resolutions and further show how real-world crisis situations and interventions can easily be used as training tools. The authors discuss a number of themes that emerged throughout the disaster site examples, including students’ flexibility, openness to cultural issues, self-care, good interpersonal skills, resilience, and compassion.

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Juntunen, Cindy L. "Reflections on the Opportunities and Challenges of Disaster Response." Counseling Psychologist 39, no. 8 (September 6, 2011): 1182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000011417146.

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This reaction article applauds the authors of the Major Contribution for their thoughtful and thorough consideration of the myriad issues that accompany disaster mental health work. The reaction highlights three themes that emerged in the articles of the contribution: opportunities for collaboration, opportunities for the application of social justice, and opportunities for bioecological research and interventions. In addition, suggestions are made for future exploration of prevention opportunities, separating the reality of disaster response from popular media images, and ethical considerations for counseling psychologists working as disaster responders.

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Goldblatt, Hadass, Anat Freund, Anat Drach-Zahavy, Guy Enosh, Ilana Peterfreund, and Neomi Edlis. "Providing Health Care in the Shadow of Violence: Does Emotion Regulation Vary Among Hospital Workers From Different Professions?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 9-10 (March 28, 2017): 1908–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517700620.

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Research into violence against health care staff by patients and their families within the health care services shows a rising frequency of incidents. The potentially damaging effects on health care staff are extensive, including diverse negative psychological and physical symptoms. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine how hospital workers from different professions reacted to patients’ and visitors’ violence against them or their colleagues, and how they regulated their emotional reactions during those incidents. The research question was as follows: How do different types of hospital workers regulate the range of their emotional reactions during and after violent events? Participants were 34 hospital workers, representing several professional sectors. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews, which were later transcribed and thematically content analyzed. Five themes were revealed, demonstrating several tactics that hospital workers used to regulate their emotions during incidents of violent outbursts by patients or visitors: (1) Inability to Manage Emotion Regulation, (2) Emotion Regulation by Distancing and Disengagement Tactics, (3) Emotion Regulation Using Rationalization and Splitting Tactics, (4) Emotion Regulation via the Use of Organizational Resources, and (5) Controlling Emotions by Suppression. Hospital workers who experienced dissonance between their professional expectations and their emotional reactions to patients’ violence reported using various emotion regulation tactics, consequently managing to fulfill their duty competently. Workers who did not experience such dissonance felt in full control of their emotions and did not manifest responses of emotion regulation. Others, however, experienced intense emotional flooding and failed to regulate their emotions. We recommend developing health care staff’s awareness of possible emotional implications of violent incidents, for themselves as people and for their intact functioning at work. In addition, we recommend further development of health care staff training programs for coping with violent patients and enhancement of formal and informal organizational support.

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Meiring, Leana, Maretha Visser, and Nicola Themistocleous. "A student-facilitated community-based support group initiative for Mental Health Care users in a Primary Health Care setting." Health SA Gesondheid 22 (December 15, 2017): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v22i0.1060.

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Background: South African Mental Health Care (MHC) legislation advocates for supportive rehabilitative services in Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. PHC settings are often understaffed and MHC nurses in these settings overburdened with high patient loads. Alternative cost-effective psycho-social intervention strategies must be explored to supplement the overstrained MHC sector to meet the rehabilitative and supportive needs of service users in community settings. Using a social constructionist epistemology, this study aimed to highlight the value of a community-based support group for MHC users at a Tshwane District Community Health Centre. This was done by exploring the meaning group members attached to the group. The intervention was a collaborative partnership between a local University Psychology Department and the Department of Health, Tshwane District, utilising post-graduate psychology students as group facilitators.Methods: Qualitative research methods were applied. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a collage-making and storytelling method. Thematic analysis highlighted the main themes representing the meaning the five participants ascribed to the group.Results: The findings suggest that the group offered the participants a sense of belonging and a means of social and emotional support. The group also created opportunity for learning, encouraged mental and physical mobilisation and stimulation, and served as an additional link to professional services. Conclusion: The findings suggest that student-facilitated support groups could offer a viable supplement for offering support to service users in PHC settings. The group assisted MHC users to cope with symptoms, social integration, and participating in meaningful activities as part of rehabilitation services.

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Morris, Ezra R., Louis Lindley, and M. Paz Galupo. "“Better issues to focus on”: Transgender Microaggressions as Ethical Violations in Therapy." Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 883–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020924391.

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Negative experiences in healthcare settings have been linked to decreased treatment satisfaction and reduction of future help-seeking behaviors among transgender individuals. The present study used gender-identity based microaggressions as a model for understanding the client–therapist relationship. Using a qualitative approach, we investigated instances of microaggressions from mental health providers as experienced by 91 adults who identified as transgender or gender diverse. Participants completed an online survey and described instances of microaggressions directed towards them from mental health providers. Thematic analysis resulted in four therapy-salient themes: Lack of Respect for Client Identity, Lack of Competency, Saliency of Identity, and Gatekeeping. Our discussion of the results focuses on the examination of microaggressions as ethical guideline violations. We discuss methods to improve the practical application of ethical standards to counseling with transgender clients. Implications for practice, training, and future research are also discussed.

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Houghtaling, Bailey, Elena Serrano, Liza Dobson, Susan Chen, Vivica I. Kraak, Samantha M. Harden, George C. Davis, and Sarah Misyak. "Rural independent and corporate Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized store owners’ and managers’ perceived feasibility to implement marketing-mix and choice-architecture strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases." Translational Behavioral Medicine 9, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz091.

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Abstract Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants could benefit from exposure to marketing-mix and choice-architecture (MMCA) strategies that encourage healthy consumer purchases. However, the perceived feasibility of independent and corporate SNAP-authorized store owners and managers (e.g., retailers) to implement healthy MMCA strategies is understudied. The purpose of this study was to inform a healthy food retail program that meets both public health and business expectations by prioritizing retailer perspectives. A mixed methods approach was used. Retailers completed a card sorting exercise to determine perceived feasibility to implement MMCA strategies place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, priming, prompting, and proximity. This process was audio-recorded. Chi-square was used to identify potential differences in perceived feasibility to implement healthy MMCA strategies between independent and corporate SNAP-authorized retailers. Qualitative data were coded among a panel to construct themes. Themes were organized by barriers and facilitators and coded for strategy acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. SNAP-authorized retailers’ (n = 29) considered prompting (e.g., labeling; 83%) and proximity (e.g., location; 90%) strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases highly feasible. Few differences were detected between independent and corporate retailers’ perceived feasibility to implement healthy MMCA strategies. The largest barriers to implementing healthy MMCA strategies were related to strategy appropriateness. Priorities for healthy food retail initiatives included prompting and proximity changes that highlight products aligned with the DGA, without altering products available to consumers that are misaligned with the DGA. Future work is required to understand how other healthy MMCA strategies may be adapted to enhance their appropriateness for these settings.

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Moodley, Athena, and Ashraf Kagee. "Experiences of social support among persons seeking HIV testing." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 6 (December 18, 2017): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316685900.

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We interviewed 15 HIV test seekers to understand how social support acted either as a facilitator or barrier to HIV testing. Participants were recruited at community outreach testing sites in South Africa and participated in qualitative interviews which were then analysed using thematic analysis. We identified three main themes, namely, the social phenomenon of perceived risk as a facilitator to HIV testing, social support as a way of managing distress and the public health service as a supportive environment, which all played a role in test-seeking among participants. The results are integrated with the current debates on HIV testing in South Africa.

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Williams, A. Jess, Emma Nielsen, and Neil S. Coulson. "“They aren’t all like that”: Perceptions of clinical services, as told by self-harm online communities." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 13-14 (July 19, 2018): 2164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318788403.

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Self-harm is a critical public health issue, with strikingly low rates of attendance to clinical services. By offering support, anonymity, and open discussions, online communities hold useful insights into the factors which influence help-seeking behavior. We explore the perceptions of clinical services in three self-harm online communities to understand which services are being used and why. Message threads from each community were extracted randomly until saturation, providing 513 messages across 60 threads. A thematic analysis was performed resulting in four key themes: access to appropriate services during an episode of self-harm, service preference, fears surrounding disclosure, and support.

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Shams, Mohsen, Leila Kianfard, Saadat Parhizkar, and Ali Mousavizadeh. "Women’s Views About Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study in Iran." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 15, 2017): 3666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517704959.

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Violence against women is an urgent health priority in Iran. Designing effective programs for preventing and controlling the problem necessitates a thorough understanding of Iranian women and their perspectives regarding domestic violence. This study was aimed at exploring the domestic violence–related views of married women who were referred to health care facilities in Ahvaz, Iran. In this qualitative research, data were collected through four focus group discussions with 30 married women. All the discussions were recorded and transcribed, after which the data were classified separately. The main themes and subthemes were then manually derived from the data and analyzed. The five main themes identified were domestic violence against women in Ahvaz, behavioral influencing factors, nonbehavioral influencing factors, the necessity to empower women to prevent domestic violence, and recommendations for developing special training programs for Ahvazi women. Most of the participants were aware that domestic violence against women is a common occurrence in Iran. They were well aware of the definition of violence and expressed a belief that behavioral factors exert an important effect on the occurrence of the problem. They recommended the development of appropriate training programs that empower women to prevent the problem, the use of mass media to educate citizens about domestic violence, and the involvement of opinion leaders in eliminating the taboo against considering such violence a crime against Iranian women. Considering the views and ideas of women as consumers of educational services is a principle used to develop effective programs for preventing and controlling domestic violence. As indicated by the findings, the participants believe that empowering women must be treated as a priority in the Iranian health care system. However, they recommended differing approaches and methods of empowerment on the basis of their individual views and concerns.

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Mihelicova, Martina, Zachary Siegel, Meredyth Evans, Abigail Brown, and Leonard Jason. "Caring for people with severe myalgic encephalomyelitis: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of parents’ experiences." Journal of Health Psychology 21, no. 12 (July 10, 2016): 2824–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315587137.

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Experiences of parents who care for sons or daughters with severe myalgic encephalomyelitis are rarely discussed within the literature. Narratives of parent–carers in Lost Voices from a Hidden Illness were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This study aimed to give voices to those who care for individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis and are often stigmatized and inform future research supporting parent–carers. Results included themes of identity change, guilt, feeling like outsiders, uncertainty, changing perceptions of time, coping mechanisms, and improvement/symptom management. Findings could inform the development of carer-focused interventions and provide vital information to health professionals about parent–carers’ lived experience.

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McCarthy, Michael J., Wendi S. Craddock, Shauna P. Acquavita, and Kalyn Black. "A mixed-methods study of smoking attitudes and behaviors among dual-smoker stroke survivor–caregiver dyads." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 13 (September 15, 2016): 1659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316667797.

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Although cigarette smoking is a major contributor to continued health problems after stroke, the majority of stroke survivors do not quit smoking. This may be due in part to the high rate of smoking among committed partners of stroke survivors. This study investigated the experiences of 11 dual-smoker stroke survivor–caregiver dyads, identifying themes which may be useful for understanding this entrenched population: managing the addiction as a dyad; conflicting feelings about whether smoking is an individual versus mutual concern; and dyad-level barriers and facilitators of quitting. We also present specific cessation strategies that dual-smoker dyads participating in the study described.

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Dworkin, Emily R. "Risk for Mental Disorders Associated With Sexual Assault: A Meta-Analysis." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (December 25, 2018): 1011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018813198.

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Sexual assault (SA) is a common form of trauma that is associated with numerous deleterious outcomes. Understanding the relative prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in people who have been sexually assaulted versus people who have not been assaulted could help to prioritize assessment and intervention efforts, but there has been no quantitative review of this topic. A search of PsychINFO, ProQuest Digital Dissertations and Theses, and Academic Search Premier for articles dated between 1970 and 2014 was conducted, and unpublished data were obtained. Eligible studies used diagnostic interviews to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses in both individuals experiencing adolescent/adult and/or lifetime SA and unassaulted individuals. The search yielded 171 eligible effects from 39 studies representing 88,539 participants. Meta-regression was used to aggregate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in sexually assaulted and unassaulted samples as well as calculate odds ratios reflecting the difference between these prevalence estimates. Results indicated that most disorders were more prevalent in survivors of SA, and depressive disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were especially prevalent. Disorder-specific differences in odds ratios were observed as a function of sample type, type of comparison group, and time frame of SA. Service providers should be prepared to address depressive disorders and PTSD in survivors of SA, and interventions that prevent the development of these disorders are especially needed.

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Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., Kristin N. Wood, Amanda J. Wambach, Andrew C. White, and Victor J. Rubio. "Exploring Religiosity and Spirituality in Coping With Sport Injuries." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0009.

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The purpose of this study was to explore religiosity/spirituality (R/S) in coping with sport injuries, based on predictions of the integrated model of psychological response to the sport injury and rehabilitation process. A concurrent mixed methods design framed an online survey incorporating quantitative measures of R/S identification and commitment, health locus of control for sport injury, and ways of coping with sport injury, as well as qualitative open-ended questions about mechanisms through which R/S affected and was affected by coping with sport injuries. Participants included 49 physically active adults who experienced sport injuries, with 37 identifying as R/S. Quantitative findings among R/S participants showed religious commitment was a predictor of God health locus of control and positive religious coping. Quantitative results relative to differences between R/S and no-R/S participants showed that those self-identified as R/S relied on a God health locus of control and utilized active coping more so than did those self-identified as no-R/S, whereas no-R/S participants relied more than did R/S participants on an internal health locus of control. Thematic analyses exploring qualitative data revealed three main themes characterizing mechanisms through which R/S affected and was affected by coping with sport injuries: positive, negative, and no R/S coping strategies and effects. Findings support the predictions of the integrated model of psychological response to the sport injury and rehabilitation process and provide evidence-bases for clinical and counseling interventions that reflect cultural competence in accommodating patient or client R/S during recovery from sport injury.

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Squires, Luke A., Nefyn Williams, and Val L. Morrison. "Matching and accepting assistive technology in multiple sclerosis: A focus group study with people with multiple sclerosis, carers and occupational therapists." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 4 (November 15, 2016): 480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316677293.

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To explore experiences and perceptions of assistive technology, 14 people with multiple sclerosis, 5 carers and 4 occupational therapists participated in focus groups. Transcripts were analysed thematically drawing from illness self-regulation theory. Identified themes are as follows: critical multiple sclerosis events (developing symptoms/disability, delayed diagnosis and coping, public reaction and multiple sclerosis progression to assistive technology), matching assistive technology for continued use (acceptance of multiple sclerosis and assistive technology, realistic expectations, occupational therapist responsiveness, timing is crucial and carers and others) and impact of assistive technology (promoting or losing independence, stigma and embarrassment and redefining the carer). Acceptance and communication among those involved ensures assistive technology matches needs and maximises health and psychosocial outcomes.

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O'Connell, Kathryn A., and Suzanne M. Skevington. "The relevance of spirituality, religion and personal beliefs to health-related quality of life: Themes from focus groups in Britain." British Journal of Health Psychology 10, no. 3 (September 2005): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910705x25471.

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Banerjee, Smita C., Jessica M. Staley, Koshy Alexander, Chasity B. Walters, and Patricia A. Parker. "Encouraging patients to disclose their lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) status: oncology health care providers’ perspectives." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby105.

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Abstract A compelling touted strategy for reducing discrimination towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients is improving communicative competence of health care providers (HCPs); however, evidence base for describing communication practices between HCPs and LGBT patients is scarce. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine HCP experiences and perspectives as they relate to patient sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) disclosure, perceived communication and structural/administrative challenges in interactions with LGBT patients, and suggestions for improving care of LGBT patients. The sample consisted of 1,253 HCPs, who provided open-ended responses to an online cross-sectional survey conducted at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Northeastern United States. The open-ended responses were inductively and deductively coded for key themes and sub-themes. The results demonstrated an array of useful communication strategies employed by oncology HCPs to encourage LGBT patients’ SOGI disclosure (direct questions regarding sexual orientation, use of the term “partner,” and using correct pronouns), communication and structural/administrative challenges faced by HCPs in providing care (HCP own fears and biases, transgender patient care, insurance issues, and procedural challenges for LGBT patients), and suggested recommendations from oncology HCPs to improve their care delivery for LGBT patients (more provider-based training, improving awareness of LGBT-friendly resources, establishing trusting relationships, and not assuming sexuality or gender identity). These findings have implications for developing and evaluating training programs to improve LGBT sensitivity and communication among HCPs, and encourage SOGI disclosure in an open and judgment-free health care environment.

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Wildman, Jessica L., Daniel M. Nguyen, Ngoc S. Duong, and Catherine Warren. "Student Teamwork During COVID-19: Challenges, Changes, and Consequences." Small Group Research 52, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496420985185.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected all of society, including teams in organizational settings. Collaborative teamwork is particularly susceptible to pandemic disruptions, as coordination across individuals becomes challenging in socially distanced and virtual contexts. Unfortunately, COVID-19 research thus far has primarily studied individual health and performance. Analysis of 90 open-ended survey responses gives voice to students working in project teams during the pandemic and provides future research directions regarding the multilevel impacts of the pandemic on teamwork. Results reflect three themes: (1) challenges experienced; (2) changes to team communication, tasks, and roles; and (3) consequences to team progress and outcomes.

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Coury, Jennifer K., Jennifer L. Schneider, Beverly B. Green, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Amanda F. Petrik, Jennifer S. Rivelli, Malaika R. Schwartz, and Gloria D. Coronado. "Two Medicaid health plans’ models and motivations for improving colorectal cancer screening rates." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby094.

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Abstract Screening rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) remain low, especially among certain populations. Mailed fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) outreach initiated by U.S. health plans could reach underserved individuals, while solving CRC screening data and implementation challenges faced by health clinics. We report the models and motivations of two health insurance plans implementing a mailed FIT program for age-eligible U.S. Medicaid and Medicare populations. One health plan operates in a single state with ~220,000 enrollees; the other operates in multiple states with ~2 million enrollees. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and observed leadership and clinic staff planning during program development and implementation. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a content analysis approach; coded interview reports and meeting minutes were iteratively reviewed and summarized for themes. Between June and September 2016, nine participants were identified, and all agreed to the interview. Interviews revealed that organizational context was important to both organizations and helped shape program design. Both organizations were hoping this program would address barriers to their prior CRC screening improvement efforts and saw CRC screening as a priority. Despite similar motivations to participate in a mailed FIT intervention, contextual features of the health plans led them to develop distinct implementation models: a collaborative model using some health clinic staffing versus a centralized model operationalizing outreach primarily at the health plan. Data are not yet available on the models’ effectiveness. Our findings might help inform the design of programs to deliver mailed FIT outreach.

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Voeten, Helene A. C. M., Onno de Zwart, Irene K. Veldhuijzen, Cicely Yuen, Xinyi Jiang, Gillian Elam, Thomas Abraham, and Johannes Brug. "Sources of Information and Health Beliefs Related to SARS and Avian Influenza among Chinese Communities in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, Compared to the General Population in these Countries." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2009): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-008-9006-4.

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Sarkar, Reena, Joan Ozanne-Smith, and Richard Bassed. "Systematic Review of the Patterns of Orofacial Injuries in Physically Abused Children and Adolescents." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 22, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838019827617.

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Objective: To examine the evidence base for patterns of oro-facial injuries in physical abuse cases of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. Data sources: Systematic searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central and grey literature, dating from the oldest entry to August 2017. Review methods: Search criteria included English language peer reviewed articles and theses on physical abuse cases affecting the age group of 0-17 years. Exclusion criteria were: Case reports and <10 case series; studies involving bite mark injuries elsewhere on the body, sexual, ritualistic or emotional abuse and neglect, exposure to domestic violence; reviews; book chapters and conference proceedings. The following data was extracted: quality and design of study, oro-facial manifestations, new/old injuries, fatalities, coexistent injuries, co-morbidities and radiologic investigations. Each study was subjected to two independent reviews and a third, if reviewers disagreed. Results: The authors identified 51 articles, 26 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The oro-facial signs were superficial injuries of face, ears, neck, lips and oral mucosa, burns, torn fraenii and fractured teeth and jaws. A minority of studies stood out due to their well-developed design; expert opinion inclusion; new/old/occult injury investigations and facial bruising/ intraoral injuries as sentinel markers. Overall, the review demonstrated weak study quality and representativeness as well as lacunae in uniform reporting. Conclusions: The available literature does not endorse any pathognomonic signature patterns of child physical abuse to the exposed oro-facial region.

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Lau, Joseph T. F., Zixin Wang, Jinghua Li, Jibin Li, Edith M. Y. Cheng, Virginia W. Y. Chan, Wangnan Cao, Yuan Fang, Chunrong Li, and Pei Qin. "Gaps in Training in Interdisciplinary Social and Behavioral Sciences and Applications Among Undergraduate and Graduate Students in the 22 Top-Ranked Schools of Public Health in China." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (April 2018): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539518766661.

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The next generation of public health professionals requires rigorous training in behavioral health, in order to design effective behavioral interventions to respond effectively to the epidemiological transition in China. This study aimed to investigate issues in training in social and behavioral sciences in public health in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1285 and 835 last-year undergraduate and graduate public health students in 2013. The results showed that (1) majority of undergraduate students but a minority of graduate students had enrolled in psychology, social medicine, and health promotion courses; (2) very few had enrolled in other social and behavioral sciences courses; (3) high percentages of students perceived significance, needs, and interests related to social sciences courses; (4) very few were familiar with commonly used behavioral health theories and constructs, or had applied such theories/constructs to their thesis. The situation deviates from international accreditation requirement. A timely review and benchmarking are warranted.

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Meagher, Kristen, Aula Abbara, Ola Fahham, and Preeti Patel. "Women Leaders in Syria in the COVID-19 Response and Beyond." International Perspectives in Psychology 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000012.

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Abstract. Providing a powerful platform to openly discuss how we, as a global community, can advance the role of women as leaders in health in conflict-affected settings is an undervalued opportunity. Honest, evidence-based discussions, holistic approaches, and increasing the visibility of women role models are imperative in settings that are debilitated by conflict and restrictive gender norms. When gender equity and equality are not prioritized, we tend to consciously or not overlook the needs of half the population. In the face of a global pandemic, it is ever more pressing to ensure that such discussions continue and are not relegated. The evidence is overwhelming, COVID-19 impacts women disproportionately, and this is exacerbated in conflict settings. The reflections in this commentary are based on a webinar held on October 21, 2020, supported by the Women Leaders in Health and Conflict initiative ( Abbara et al., 2020 ). The panelists included Dr. Aula Abbara, Dr. Abdulkarim Ekzayez, and Dr. Ola Fahham, and the webinar was attended by 30 participants from across the Middle East and the United Kingdom. We examine three key themes: women's role in the health sector in Syria, education and culture, and meaningful leadership.

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Lafferty, Moira, and Caroline Wakefield. "Becoming Part of the Team: Female Student Athletes’ Engagement in Initiation Activities." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0115.

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The aim of this study was to explore female student athletes’ participation in initiation activities, specifically to examine whether activities in the United Kingdom followed trends similar to those reported elsewhere. A sample of 8 female athletes representing both traditional and nontraditional team and individual sports (Mage = 20 yr 3 mo,SD = 1 yr 3 mo) who met inclusion criteria of having taken part in an initiation ceremony consented to participate in a semistructured interview. Thematic content analysis resulted in the emergence of 6 higher order themes represented by 2 general dimensions: the initiation event and initiation outcomes. Findings indicated that female student athletes’ initiation activities encompassed discrete stages as they moved from team newcomers to accepted team members. Of particular concern is the direct and indirect role of alcohol in these events and the health and behavioral risks.

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Hegde, Sudeep, Aaron Z. Hettinger, Rollin J. Fairbanks, John Wreathall, Seth A. Krevat, and Ann M. Bisantz. "Knowledge Elicitation to Understand Resilience: A Method and Findings From a Health Care Case Study." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 14, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419877719.

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Resilience engineering (RE) has ushered new approaches to learning about work in complex sociotechnical systems. In terms of improving safety, RE marks a shift from the traditional approach of retrospectively investigating adverse events, toward learning proactively about patterns in everyday work, including how things go well. This study applied the RE framework to the health care domain, by developing and implementing a new knowledge-elicitation protocol to learn about how frontline care providers achieve safe and effective patient care in their everyday work. Eighteen participants, including physicians, nurses, residents, and clinical leaders from a range of specialties, were interviewed using the new protocol. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed multiple themes and patterns which underlie resilient functioning of individuals, teams, and the organization as a whole. Further, a Resilience Mapping Framework (RMF) was developed based on major thematic categories to systematically represent and map various resilient capabilities—monitoring, anticipating, responding, and learning—across different levels of system scale, from the individual to the organizational. This study demonstrates new methods to identify and represent resilience not just during salient and critical “events,” but across the continuum of situations, from the everyday “normal” functioning to the critical.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Applied Health and Psychology (Theses)'

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