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Journal articles on the topic 'Appraisal theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Berger, Charles R., Yerheen Ha, and Meng Chen. "Story Appraisal Theory: From Story Kernel Appraisals to Implications and Impact." Communication Research 46, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 303–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650216641186.

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Story Appraisal Theory posits that reduced memory representations of stories, or story kernels, are appraised in a three-dimensional story appraisal space. Stories deemed to have a point (pointedness), to be plausible (plausibility), and to be generalizable to society (probative value) are more likely to provoke implications than stories found wanting on one or more of these appraisal parameters. Story kernel–prompted implications, in turn, produce attitudinal and behavioral effects. Stories may have implications for the self, others (family and friends), and society. Four experiments found general support for the proposition that favorable appraisals promote implication generation. Experiments 2 to 4 revealed that implications partially mediate between the story appraisal dimensions and estimates of behavior change in response to the stories.

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Solem, Stian, Kristen Hagen, Bjarne Hansen, Åshild T. Håland, Gunvor Launes, Adam B. Lewin, Eric A. Storch, and Patrick A. Vogel. "Thought Content and Appraisals in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 2 (2015): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.29.2.106.

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A premise for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that appraisal of obsessions maintains OCD symptoms whereas obsessive content is less important. The main aim of this study was therefore to explore this notion using the autogenous and reactive classification of obsessive content and by assessing changes in appraisals and symptoms following CBT for OCD. More specifically, the study investigates whether recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisal and explores how thought content relates to appraisal and symptoms both before and CBT. Data from 156 adults with OCD completing CBT for OCD were analyzed. Changes in appraisals were related to improvement in OCD symptoms. Slightly more participants reported reactive intrusions (47%) than autogenous (29%), but combinations of the two were common (24%). These classifications of thought content were not related to levels of appraisal or change in symptoms, with the exception of patients with autogenous thoughts who appraised their intrusions as more important than others. OCD is heterogeneous regarding thought content and strength of appraisals but can be quite homogeneous in terms of CBT treatment response. Also, and in line with cognitive theory, recovery from OCD is associated with changes in appraisals.

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Gerich, Joachim, and Christoph Weber. "The Ambivalent Appraisal of Job Demands and the Moderating Role of Job Control and Social Support for Burnout and Job Satisfaction." Social Indicators Research 148, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02195-9.

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Abstract Within an extended challenge–hindrance framework, it is assumed that job demands are subjectively appraised both as challenges (that is, as working conditions that are associated with potential personal gains) and hindrances (as working conditions associated with constrains) at the same time. In accordance with transactional stress theory, the association between demand intensity and work-related attitudes (work satisfaction) and psychological strain (burnout) is expected to be mediated by individual appraisal. Moreover, because curvilinear relationships between demand and challenge and hindrance appraisals are assumed, and appraisal is expected to be moderated by job control and social support, we tested complex nonlinear moderated mediation models for four types of job demands (task difficulty, time pressure, interruptions, and responsibility). Based on cross-sectional data of a heterogeneous sample of employees, we confirmed simultaneous challenge and hindrance appraisals. Challenge components are positively associated and hindrance components are negatively associated with favorable outcomes (higher work satisfaction and lower burnout). Challenge appraisals are found to be more relevant for work satisfaction, while hindrance appraisals are more relevant for burnout. The relationship between demand intensity and challenge appraisal is confirmed as curvilinear, whereas hindrance appraisals are approximately linearly related to demand intensity. The relationship between demand intensity and outcome variables is partly mediated by challenge and hindrance appraisal, and significant interaction effects suggest that the appraisal process is moderated by job control and social support.

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Fugate, Mel, Spencer Harrison, and Angelo J. Kinicki. "Thoughts and Feelings About Organizational Change." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 18, no. 4 (September 21, 2011): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548051811416510.

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This longitudinal field study examines the relationships among the three focal constructs within appraisal theory—appraisal, emotion, and coping—at the beginning of change and their relationship with employee withdrawal at the end of an organizational restructuring. New theory is used to integrate past theory and research to propose and test a model containing synchronous reciprocal relationships between negative appraisal and negative emotions. Results confirmed a synchronous reciprocal relationship between negative appraisal and negative emotions, which suggests that appraisal is not a sequential process as often conceptualized and tested in the past. Negative appraisals and negative emotions also had negative relationships with control coping, which was negatively associated to intentions to quit, which in turn predicted subsequent voluntary turnover. This study thus extends appraisal theory and demonstrates it is a powerful alternative (theoretical) means for examining employee reactions to organizational change. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

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Osborne, Margaret S., and Gary E. McPherson. "Precompetitive appraisal, performance anxiety and confidence in conservatorium musicians: A case for coping." Psychology of Music 47, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618755000.

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The way musicians appraise their abilities to succeed in a forthcoming evaluative performance impacts on the range of emotions they will experience. According to Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory, emotions may wield powerful consequences depending on whether the performance is interpreted as a threat (high importance/primary appraisal; low coping prospects/secondary appraisal), or challenge (high importance; high coping prospects). Thirty-six Bachelor of Music students at a large University music school completed an adaptation of the Precompetitive Appraisal Measure (PAM) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R-D twice in relation to their end-of-semester recital: at the start of semester, and within an hour before their recital. Primary and secondary appraisals formed theoretically consistent and reliable evaluations of threat and challenge. Secondary appraisals were significantly lower for students who viewed the performance as a threat. Students who viewed the performance as a challenge reported significantly less cognitive anxiety and higher self-confidence. Findings indicate that the PAM is a brief and reliable measure of cognitive appraisals that trigger precompetitive emotions of anxiety and confidence which can be used to identify those performers who could benefit from pre-performance intervention strategies to manage performance stress.

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Hoekstra, Hans A., and Bert A. M. Stoop. "Feeling rules: Testing a model of appraisal—affect relations." European Journal of Personality 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030402.

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The aim of this study was to test a model specifying the relations between appraisals and affects. A theory of the appraisal—affect relation is proposed in terms of general feeling rules differentiating between affects. A taxonomy of ten appraisals is presented, each defined by a specific profile of scores on four appraisal variables: desirability, controllability, responsibility, and the kind of value being at stake in an event. The appraisals are related to nine affect dimensions, resulting from earlier taxonomic research on the structure of affect (Hoekstra, 1986). All predictions following from the theory were tested in two independent samples by structural analysis. The model showed a good fit in both data sets.

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Silvia, Paul J. "Cognitive Appraisals and Interest in Visual Art: Exploring an Appraisal Theory of Aesthetic Emotions." Empirical Studies of the Arts 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/12av-ah2p-mceh-289e.

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Since Berlyne's seminal research, the study of experimental aesthetics has examined interest as a response to art. The present research explores the implications of appraisal theories of emotion for the study of interest as an emotion relevant to aesthetics. Participants viewed pictures of modern experimental visual art and rated each picture for interest and for appraisals of complexity and comprehensibility. Multilevel modeling assessed the within-person effects of appraisals on interest. As predicted by appraisal theories, both appraisals significantly and strongly predicted interest at the within-person level. The within-person relationships were not moderated by individual-differences relevant to interest in art (e.g., trait curiosity). Theories of “aesthetic response” should capitalize on modern theories and findings in emotion psychology.

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Burell, Mats. "Appraisal and Information Theory." Comma 2004, no. 1 (January 2004): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2004.1.8.

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9

Serlin, Ronald C., and Daniel K. Lapsley. "Meehl on Theory Appraisal." Psychological Inquiry 1, no. 2 (April 1990): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0102_13.

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10

Shargel, Daniel. "Appraisals, Emotions, and Inherited Intentional Objects." Emotion Review 9, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916658249.

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Modern appraisal theories inherited a problem from the Schachter theory: are emotions directed at intentional objects, and if so, why? On both theories the emotion is initiated by some sort of cognitive state, which according to Schachter produces a state of arousal, and according to appraisal theorists a cluster of emotion-specific states. If cognitions are components of the emotional state it may seem like we can explain why emotions inherit objects from those cognitions. In this article I focus on appraisal theories, and argue that appraisals are emotional components because they are synchronized with other emotion subsystems. However, emotions do not inherit their intentional objects from appraisals, because the appraisals that are emotional components are generic, rather than object-directed.

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Rye, Owen, Krysia Canvin, Suzi Harrison, Charlotte Couldrey, and Clare Churchman. "Making sense of being recalled: a grounded theory." Journal of Forensic Practice 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-10-2018-0042.

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Purpose A high proportion of forensic mental health service users (FSUs) are recalled to secure hospitals from conditional discharge in the community. The limited research on recall to date has preliminarily identified why FSUs are recalled, but not how they make sense of the process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual understanding of how FSUs make sense of being recalled to hospital. Design/methodology/approach A constructivist grounded theory approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 FSUs from different levels of forensic service security who had been recalled varying numbers of times across a wide timeframe. Findings A theoretical model was constructed to illustrate the process of how FSUs make sense of being recalled. FSUs appraise being recalled on a continuum from negative to positive, based on their experiences when conditionally discharged and their reflections on the circumstances of being recalled. The nature of their appraisal appears to reciprocally influence their subsequent attitudes towards and their engagement with forensic services. Research limitations/implications The proposed mechanism of how FSUs make sense of being recalled, particularly their dynamic appraisal of it, should now be investigated longitudinally. Future qualitative research could explore forensic service staff perspectives on recall. Practical implications Enhancing the positivity of FSUs’ appraisals about being recalled may improve their attitudes about and engagement with forensic services. Originality/value This is the first research study to construct a theoretical model of recall.

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Meredith, Pamela J., Jenny Strong, and Judith A. Feeney. "Evidence of a Relationship between Adult Attachment Variables and Appraisals of Chronic Pain." Pain Research and Management 10, no. 4 (2005): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/745650.

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OBJECTIVE: Although threat and challenge appraisals of pain have been linked to both the acute and laboratory-induced pain experience, these appraisals have not yet been explored in relation to chronic pain. In addition, although attachment theory has been separately linked to the chronic pain experience and to responses to perceived threat, it has not been explored in the context of threat and challenge appraisals of chronic pain. The present paper addresses these two main goals.METHODS: A sample of 141 participants reporting noncancer pain longer than two months in duration completed a battery of assessments before commencing treatment in one of two multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs.RESULTS: Analysis of the pain appraisal inventory produced two factors (threat and challenge), replicating earlier findings. Reliability coefficients for the two extracted scales were 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. Links between the two pain appraisal scales and adult attachment variables proved to be significant. In particular, comfort with closeness was strongly related to challenge appraisal, while anxiety over relationships was strongly associated with threat appraisal. As expected, both appraisals and attachment variables were also related to catastrophizing and emotional distress.CONCLUSIONS: Results support use of the pain appraisal inventory as an evaluation tool for those with chronic pain. Findings further suggest a substantial association between adult attachment and pain appraisal, supporting the need for more in-depth analysis and consideration of implications for treatment.

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Harmeling, Colleen M., Robert W. Palmatier, Eric (Er) Fang, and Dainwen Wang. "Group Marketing: Theory, Mechanisms, and Dynamics." Journal of Marketing 81, no. 4 (July 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0495.

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Group marketing uses the psychological mechanisms underlying group influence to drive customer behaviors that are beneficial to the firm. It is predicated on the firm's ability to guide two necessary and sufficient conditions: (1) a customer's awareness of an affiliation with the focal group and (2) exposure to group norms. By examining what it means to be affiliated with a group; determining how group norms are inferred, applied, and maintained; and testing a wide variety of ways in which these conditions become manifest, this research demonstrates the theoretical foundations of group marketing. Groups influence purchase behaviors by altering information and identity appraisals during decision making. Time in a purchase domain emerges as a critical determinant of the strength of group influence. Although previous research has suggested that social influence diminishes over time, a longitudinal field study and an experiment reveal that this prediction holds only when information appraisal dominates; an opposite effect arises when identity appraisal dominates. Group efficacy strengthens, but product price weakens, the effects of groups on purchase behaviors.

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McEachrane, Michael. "Emotion, Meaning, and Appraisal Theory." Theory & Psychology 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354308101418.

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McMullin, Ernan. "Can Theory Appraisal Be Quantified?" Psychological Inquiry 1, no. 2 (April 1990): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0102_11.

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Kukla, Andre. "Clinical Versus Statistical Theory Appraisal." Psychological Inquiry 1, no. 2 (April 1990): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0102_9.

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Hausman, Daniel M. "Theory appraisal in neoclassical economics." Journal of Economic Methodology 4, no. 2 (December 1997): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501789700000019.

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Whitt, L. A. "Conceptual dimensions of theory appraisal." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 19, no. 4 (December 1988): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(88)90013-1.

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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (January 2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.

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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.

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Baig, Umair, and Manzoor Ahmed Khalidi. "A grounded theory exploration of appraisal Process of Capital Investment Decisions — Capex Appraisal Model (CAM)." Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, no. 7 (December 1, 2020): 2778–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i7.1231.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the appraisal process of capital investment decisions. The study adopted the grounded theory approach for the exploration of the objective. In the first stage, 48 in-depth interviews were conducted from finance executives of PSX listed companies. After transcription of all of the interviews, NVIVO software was used for analysis. Theoretical sampling was used in this study. Initially, 35 concepts and 19 categories were obtained from the initial coding of 48 cases. In the next stage, using focused coding, 19 initial categories into 09 categories were classified. These 09 categories represent each stage of the appraisal process of capital investment. These stages are Idea generation, Strategic planning, Analysis, Risk Evaluation, Selection, Mode of finance, Implementation, Monitoring and control, and Post-audit. The development of appraisal process stages is the novelty of this study and key theoretical contribution. Findings provide an in-depth understanding of the systematic way that industry appraises capital investments. This study opens grounds for new knowledge for academia, adds to relevant literature and reduces the gap between the corporate world and academia.

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M. Atif Raza, Malik IkramUllah, and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal. "Role of Rater’s Knowledge and Experience: Shaping Ratee’s Reactions under the Umbrella of Systems Theory in Performance Appraisals." sjesr 5, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol5-iss4-2022(99-113).

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The paper aims to investigate the role of the rater, a key player in the performance appraisal system (PAS), in determining the ratee’s self-efficacy. In this regard, the current study highlights the role of rater’s knowledge and experience in conducting just appraisals by making the performance appraisal processes and distribution of resources fairer. The study investigated different components of the PAS under the lens of systems theory and the upper echelon theory. The study used survey methods to collect data with the help of self-administered questionnaires from raters and ratees (252 in total) working in different organizations operating in various sectors of the economy. The collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS-4. The results revealed that the rater’s knowledge about the PAS do not predict the ratee’s self-efficacy. Nevertheless, the rater’s knowledge significantly predicted the ratee’s self-efficacy through procedural and distributive justice. Also, the rater’s experience in conducting the performance appraisal conditionally predicted the indirect relationship between the rater’s knowledge and self-efficacy through procedural and distributive justice. The study provides invaluable insights for the users of performance appraisals and policymakers by highlighting the importance of the rater’s knowledge alongside the rater’s experience in shaping positive ratee reactions.

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Nurbiyanto, Nurbiyanto. "Peran Penilai Pemerintah Dalam Rangka Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara Berupa Aset Tetap." JURNAL MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 6, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jmkp.v6i2.1891.

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State-Owned Property (SOP) in the form of fixed assets were so large in quantity and values. In managing SOP, a SOP appraisal process is needed so it can certain the value. This study wants to reveal the role of appraisers in the management of SOP, especially fixed assets. The study uses literature studies to explore the role of Government Appraisers in the management of SOP. Literature from valuation theory is used to answer the urgency of appraisers in asset transactions. Regulatory literature to answer the SOP management process requires an appraisal. Based on the results of the analysis of property valuation theory, SOP valuation is necessary due to nature, and characteristics of SOP are goods for which the level of price information is low or difficult to obtain, so Government Appraiser assistance is needed to provide an estimated value. Based on the results of the regulatory analysis, it was found that there are three main roles for the Government Appraiser in the management of SOP, namely for recording financial reports in the balance sheet, transfer, and utilization of SOP. The role of the Government Appraiser is to provide fair value information to the manager or user of the goods to make decisions regarding SOP management. Keywords: Appraisal, Government Appraiser, State-Owned Property

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Klett, Elisabeth. "Theory, regulation and practice in Swedish digital records appraisal." Records Management Journal 29, no. 1/2 (March 11, 2019): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-09-2018-0027.

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Purpose Digital records appraisal and aspects of archival values in theory, regularization and practice are explored. This paper aims to reflect upon the appraisal process, responsibility and norms for value creation in a digitalized environment. The research question was how do appraisal theory, normative rules and appraisal practice meet the aims of values in digital archives? Design/methodology/approach The study triangulated appraisal theory, normative values and participants’ views about archival values in appraisal practice in a Swedish setting. Content analysis were used to explore normative documents and interviews. Appraisal theories of the Swedish Nils Nilsson and the Canadian Terry Cook were interpreted. The result was related to theories on public values, the nature of responsibility and relations between the state and citizens. Findings The results show influences between theory, norms and practice. Changes in norms and practice do not follow the development of digitalization. Responsibility is focused on tasks, which exposes risks of accountability control and knowledge of appraisal grounds. The paper concludes that access requirements and user needs may prompt change in appraisal processes. In the light of digitalization, “primary and secondary value” are merely a matter of use and usability in a time and space (continuum) perspective. Research limitations/implications This study is based in Sweden where extensive right of access to public records and default preservation are norm. Originality/value The result shows how allocated responsibilities impinge on a re-active digital appraisal process.

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Evans, Samantha, and Dennis Tourish. "Agency theory and performance appraisal: How bad theory damages learning and contributes to bad management practice." Management Learning 48, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507616672736.

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Performance appraisal interviews remain central to how employees are scrutinised, rewarded and sometimes penalised by managers. But they are also often castigated as ineffective, or even harmful, to both individuals and organisations. Exploring this paradox, we highlight the influence of agency theory on the (mal)practice of performance appraisal. The performative nature of human resource management increasingly reflects an economic approach within which its practices are aligned with agency theory. Such theory assumes that actors are motivated mainly or only by economic self-interest. Close surveillance is required to eliminate the risk of shirking and other deviant behaviours. It is a pessimistic mind-set about people that undermines the supportive, co-operative and developmental rhetoric with which appraisal interviews are usually accompanied. Consequently, managers often practice appraisal interviews while holding onto two contradictory mind-sets, a state of Orwellian Doublethink that damages individual learning and organisational performance. We encourage researchers to adopt a more radical critique of appraisal practices that foregrounds issues of power, control and conflicted interests between actors beyond the analyses offered to date.

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Plantinga, Carl. "Cognitive Film Theory : An Insider’s Appraisal." Cinémas 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024878ar.

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ABSTRACT This article appraises the contributions of what has been called cognitivism or the cognitive approach to film studies, and suggests the means by which the cognitive approach can become more central to film studies than it has been so far. The author first shows that much of what has been called "cognitivist" film studies is only cognitivist in a broad sense, and could just as well be called "analytic." He then argues that the cognitive approach would be most useful when it is thus broadly applied, becoming then more a commitment to the rationality of discourse and human thought than a narrow project within psychology. The article then goes on to appraise the utility of the cognitive approach in our understanding of the psychological power of film and film aesthetics.

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Smith, Halbert. "INCONSISTENCIES IN APPRAISAL THEORY AND PRACTICE." Journal of Real Estate Research 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1986.12090518.

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Howard, Judith A. "Further Appraisal of Correspondent Inference Theory." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11, no. 4 (December 1985): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167285114012.

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Elgin, Mehmet, and Elliott Sober. "Popper’s Shifting Appraisal of Evolutionary Theory." HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 7, no. 1 (March 2017): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/691119.

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Weiss, John. "Project appraisal in theory and practice." Project Appraisal 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1990.9726749.

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Curtin, T. R. C. "Project appraisal and human capital theory." Project Appraisal 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1996.9727021.

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Ellsworth, Phoebe C. "Appraisal Theory: Old and New Questions." Emotion Review 5, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912463617.

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McNally, Richard J. "Betrayal trauma theory: A critical appraisal." Memory 15, no. 3 (April 2007): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210701256506.

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Muhammad Azhar. "Attitude Relation, Online News, Appraisal Theory." PENDALAS: Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47006/pendalas.v2i2.103.

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The creed of monotheism was brought when Islam was born, releasing humans from bonds to idols and other objects whose position is only a creature of Allah-SWT. Islam is agreed upon by the scholars, scholars and adherents themselves, that Islam is a religion of monotheism. The difference between Islam and other religions is by looking at monotoism or pure monotheism, which cannot be mixed with all forms of non-tawhid or shirk. This is the advantage of Islam over other religions. Tawhid education is the first and foremost education for every Muslim according to the foundation for monotheism education according to the warning in the verse above. Tawhid is a foundation that should underlie the mindset, feelings and actions of every Muslim

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Thibault-Landry, Anaïs, Richard Egan, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Lara Manganelli, and Jacques Forest. "An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory." Advances in Developing Human Resources 20, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422318756636.

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The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.

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Kareem, Raed, and Hassan Farhan. "The Language of Evaluation in Jose Saramago's Blindness via Appraisal Theory." International Linguistics Research 5, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): p25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v5n1p25.

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Appraisal theory is developed out of systemic functional linguistics as a discourse semantic resource that is concerned with how text producers express their attitudes. The current study is an attempt to expand appraisal framework applicability to a fictional text as modern linguistic studies in the field of appraisal theory have typically been applied to the limited scope of political speeches and debates. The present study strives to illuminate appraisal theory as a tool for analysing the novel Blindness by José Saramago by carrying out three hypotheses. First, appraisal theory can be applied to fictional texts to reveal its genre. Second, in Blindness, appraisal theory shows how the novel’s opening displays a high frequency of pessimistic attitudes. Third, Saramago's most prominent attitude in the beginning of Blindness is judgement. To investigate these hypotheses, the study applied Martin and White’s (2005) framework of appraisal theory to an analysis of 30 extracts as the most representative of the apocalyptic genre. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. Consequently, this study has proven that appraisal framework can be applied to fictional texts to determine the stance and the genre of the text. The findings have also demonstrated that Saramago used an explicit judgment rather than affect or appreciation. Examining the apocalyptic genre and Saramago's attitudes through appraisal theory has led to a new linguistic reading of Blindness unfolding the stances towards the perspectives in the texts and the alignments made to the audience.

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Parashar, Dr Suhasini. "The Economic Behavior Theory -The Nudge Theory : An Appraisal." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 12, no. 01 (2022): 053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijtbm.v12i01.003.

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The behavioral economics is making a significant impact on economic theory and economic policy. Behavioral economics with intuitive appeal, seeks to work with human limitations. Nudge theory becomes an important aspect to study about behavioral economics, political theory and behavioral sciences, as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals. Nudge theory explains consumer behavior can be influenced by small suggestions and positive views. Nudges decrease low market performance, save the Government money, encourage the actions and help to increase the efficiency of resource use and their effect. Nudge helps to choose an option socially desirable beneficial for better public healthcare, civic sense and social harmony. Humans being need encouragement or intervention as nudge to do what is best for the country or society at large .

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Li, Xiaqing. "An Attitudinal Analysis of English Song Discourse from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0703.17.

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Appraisal theory is a new development of the interpersonal meaning in systematic functional linguistics. In recent years, the appraisal theory has been widely used in different genres to study whether and how slightly different appraisal methods are used in them. However, analysis of English song discourse with the appraisal theory is rare. Therefore, based on the attitude meaning in the appraisal theory the author analyzes several English song discourses. Through analysis of characteristics of the distribution of attitude resources in the English discourse it aims to find language feature in the English song discourse so as to make readers understand the emotion expressed by the author of the song discourse and the importance of the attitude meaning of the appraisal theory in building interpersonal relations between the author of the song discourse and readers.

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Netshakhuma, Nkholedzeni Sidney. "Assessment of the appraisal of records: Case of the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda." Aslib Journal of Information Management 72, no. 4 (May 30, 2020): 489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-02-2020-0043.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the appraisal of records at the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda. Furthermore, the study intends to recommend appraisal of records to recognize African culture, reviewing records management policy to include an element on the appraisal of records, raise awareness on the appraisal of records, capacity building and develop electronic records management strategy to appraise records.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on the qualitative research technique. The research approach is a multiple case study comparing the previously advantaged and disadvantaged universities in South Africa.FindingsThe study found that archives and records management legislation, archives and records management policy, re-appraisal of records, capacity building are essential for the appraisal of university records. Lack of appropriate appraisal theory and strategy by the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda leads to a loss of institutional memory.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda. These two institutions are a sample of the state of archiving in South Africa.Originality/valueThere is very little, if any, research on the appraisal of South African universities' records. The outcome of this research will benefit universities that are seeking to develop and implement appraisal strategies.

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Onyeaku, John. "How can organizations effectively use appraisal systems to retain knowledge workers? A systematic review of the literature." Muma Business Review 4 (2020): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4603.

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Organizations have long struggled with appropriate interventions to mitigate knowledge worker turnover. Because of their unique skills, knowledge workers have a considerably higher rate of turnover than traditional workers, and they are expensive to replace. Organizations use performance appraisal systems to identify and retain critical employees. Knowledge workers enable organizations to remain creative and innovative as well as maintain their competitive edge. The purpose of this study was to use systematic review of extant literature to show how organizations can effectively use performance appraisal systems to improve the retention of knowledge workers. This was done by gathering evidence on performance appraisal systems and knowledge workers from various databases and conducting a rigorous synthesis of available evidence. The efficacy of appraisal systems in mitigating knowledge worker churn was viewed through the lens of expectancy theory and a conceptual framework was developed. Expectancy theory focuses on an individual’s belief that they can obtain desired outcomes if they exert certain effort. Knowledge workers want to be challenged and evaluated based on objective criteria. A thematic analysis of the evidence revealed important themes for management practice: identify and segment knowledge workers, ensure a positive perception of the appraisal system via ‘voice’ inclusion, and deploy competent job evaluators for accurate performance evaluation. This is the first known systematic review of the literature which focuses on the competence of the appraiser as an important influence on knowledge workers’ reaction to appraisal outcome and how this impacts intention to quit.

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Wang, Min. "A Study on College English Majors’ Writings from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0701.08.

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This paper explores the features of the top 30 appraisal words in students’ essays from the perspective of Appraisal Theory. The distributions of the Appraisal words are not even in the writings. Attitude system comes first followed by Graduation system and Engagement system. With the analysis of the features and distributions of the top 30 appraisal words, it reveals some problems related to usage of appraisal resources in the writings and based on which the paper tries to give some suggestions both for students and teachers.

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Vail, Kenneth E., David E. Reed, Elizabeth A. Goncy, Talea Cornelius, and Donald Edmondson. "Anxiety Buffer Disruption: Self-Evaluation, Death Anxiety, and Stressor Appraisals Among Low and High Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Samples." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 5 (May 2020): 353–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.353.

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Objective: Research driven by terror management theory suggests sociocultural anxiety-buffer systems typically protect against existential anxiety, whereas anxiety buffer disruption theory suggests traumatic experiences may disrupt that process. Method: Following posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom screening (n = 4097), individuals with low (n = 149) and high (n = 120) PTS engaged in either negative or positive self-evaluations, then reported death anxiety and appraised life's stressors as negative/threatening or positive/challenging. Results: When low PTS participants contemplated their worst (vs. best) selves, they experienced moderately heightened death anxiety yet appraised life's stressors as more positive/challenging than harmful/threatening, reflecting effective existential anxiety buffers. However, high PTS participants reported high death anxiety in both the best-self and worst-self conditions—indicating anxiety buffer disruption—and the worst-self (vs. best self) prompt increased their appraisal of life's stresses as a harmful threat and decreased appraisal as positive/challenging opportunities for growth and well-being. Discussion: Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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Sujarwati, Iis, Suranto Suranto, and Emilia Ninik Aydawati. "APPRAISAL STUDY ON ATTITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF AN ARTICLE ENTITLED “WOMEN MAKE “KEBAYA” A FASHION MISSION”." ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) 13, no. 1 (March 19, 2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v13i1.10895.

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This current study purposes to investigate the types of appraisals used in the article entitled woman make ‘kebaya’ a fashion mission posted in the Jakarta Post newspaper.. The article was analyzed based on an attitude framework consisting of appreciation, affect, judgment, and amplification based on Eggins & Slade’s theory and Martin & Slade’s theory. The data were analyzed in a qualitative approach. The finding shows that there are 34 lexical items of four types of attitudinal appraisal found in the article. The most occurred type of appraisal used is judgment. It takes almost half of the total number (47%) of lexical items found. Furthermore, this category consists of 10 lexical items that belong to social esteem and 5 lexical items of negative social sanction. It means that the writer's kebaya is more positively judged than a negative one.

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Zhang, Jinglei, Xiaoyuan Wang, Song Gao, and Yiqing Song. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Driver's Propensity Based on Evidence Theory." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103582.

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Traffic safety is related closely with driver’s physiological and psychological characteristics. And the influence on traffic safety is represented as driver’s propensity. Evidence theory is introduced to the evaluation system of driver’s propensity in this paper, and it is utilized to combine the expert opinions, which can eliminate unavoidable uncertain elements in the traditional appraisal methods. The appraisal problems of subjective index can also be resolved by this method in the appraisal system. Results show that the method is objective and reasonable, and driver’s propensity can be evaluated effectively.

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Rao, J. N. K. "Developments in sample survey theory: An appraisal." Canadian Journal of Statistics 25, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315352.

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Howard, Mark, Katherine Jarvie, and Steve Wright. "Rancière, political theory and activist community appraisal." Archives and Manuscripts 49, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2021.1987938.

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Duranti, Luciana. "The Concept of Appraisal and Archival Theory." American Archivist 57, no. 2 (April 1994): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.57.2.pu548273j5j1p816.

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Xia, Xiufang. "Appraisal Theory in Functionalism and Translation Evaluation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0608.24.

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The function of language is to communicate, so meaning is the most important concept. In the field of translation, the convey of meaning is the only goal. To transfer the meaning in a more scientific way is the topic many translators and translation theorist try to explore. This study is using theories in functionalism to explore the subjects of translation criteria and translation evaluation. Using the theories in functionalism, the study of translation theories appears more scientific.

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Phillips, Bernard. "Jung and Sociological Theory: Readings and Appraisal." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 5 (September 2019): 585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306119867060pp.

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Levy, Gerald, and Peter Reid. "Subordinate appraisal of managers: “testing the theory”." Health Manpower Management 23, no. 3 (June 1997): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09552069710166607.

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POL, EDUARDO. "THEORETICAL ECONOMICS AND CATASTROPHE THEORY: AN APPRAISAL." Australian Economic Papers 32, no. 61 (December 1993): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1993.tb00062.x.

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