Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Apprentissage – Évaluation'
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Roussel, Jacques. "Evaluation et apprentissage : l'evaluation en arithmetique au cycle des apprentissages." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20062.
Full textTeachers hope for a theory of evaluation that precsibes means and conditions of correct evaluation. Epistemological treatment of didactic evaluationshows that all standard conception entail the destruction of its object: relativism, differenciation and diversity are the essential properties of the treatment of pupils' answers. That view is applied to evaluation in arithmetic in the beginners'classes. The hypothesis of "answering evaluation", linked to the "answering teching", a theory developed by l. Not, explains two facts: the preservation of the propose of didactic evaluation, i. E. The appropriation of knowledge, its structure and genesis; the protection against a cheating operator that pretends to turn an answer into a result. When the conditions of answering evaluation are not observed, evaluation becomes a pseudo or a meta-evaluation. The proof is established after a critical review of recent papers about the didactics of arithmetic and an analysis of a variety of non didactic evaluation. The purpose of the thesis was to examine two possibilities : the practice of evaluation by the teacher in the class-room and the content of the training of teachers for evaluation
Olsson, Ramona. "LE VOCABULAIRE EN CLASSE DE FLE : PRÉSENTATION,APPRENTISSAGE ET ÉVALUATION." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5194.
Full textChatel, Elisabeth. "Une analyse économique de l'action éducative : évaluation et apprentissage dans les lycées." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100097.
Full textThis thesis deals with the evaluation of educational system as regards secondary schools. It examines the value of the product resulting from education at this school level. It contemplates accurately the actual achievement of this process by deriving its conclusions from a rich emperical material : descriptions of economics' lessons, quantitative analysis of examinations marks and so on. The theoretical frame is that of the "economics of conventions". It enables to initiate a dialogue with cognitive psychology and other sciences of education, so as to create relevant concepts with the nature of educational question. This thesis clearly shows the multidimensional size of educational product ; in so doing it strengthens the appearence of genuine criticism as regards gary becker's arguments. Doubting the possibility of utterly measuring the educational product leads to doubting the attempts at calculating the educational efficacity. This thesis conclude with the recommendation not to confuse measure and evaluation
Dumas-Carré, Andrée. "La résolution de problèmes en physique au lycée : le procédural : apprentissage et évaluation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077070.
Full textBaron, Gaëlle. "Évaluation, participation, apprentissage : une conception de l'action publique avec rationalité limitée : analyse et etude de cas d'une evaluation d'un programme europeen." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN1G008.
Full textMorrissette, Joëlle. "Manières de faire l'évaluation formative des apprentissages selon un groupe d'enseignantes du primaire : une perspective interactionniste." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20506.
Full textPomorski, Denis. "Apprentissage automatique symbolique/numérique : construction et évaluation d'un ensemble de règles à partir des données." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10117.
Full textSoleiman, Rifqi. "Les compétences orales dans l'enseignement apprentissage du français langue étrangère en Egypte : évaluation des futurs enseignants." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39050.
Full textLeclerc, Kevin. "Analyse comparative des politiques d'évaluation des apprentissages canadiennes francophones : Manitoba, Nouveau-Brunswick, Ontario et Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29792/29792.pdf.
Full textDang, Quang Vinh. "Évaluation de la confiance dans la collaboration à large échelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0002/document.
Full textLarge-scale collaborative systems wherein a large number of users collaborate to perform a shared task attract a lot of attention from both academic and industry. Trust is an important factor for the success of a large-scale collaboration. It is difficult for end-users to manually assess the trust level of each partner in this collaboration. We study the trust assessment problem and aim to design a computational trust model for collaborative systems. We focused on three research questions. 1. What is the effect of deploying a trust model and showing trust scores of partners to users? We designed and organized a user-experiment based on trust game, a well-known money-exchange lab-control protocol, wherein we introduced user trust scores. Our comprehensive analysis on user behavior proved that: (i) showing trust score to users encourages collaboration between them significantly at a similar level with showing nick- name, and (ii) users follow the trust score in decision-making. The results suggest that a trust model can be deployed in collaborative systems to assist users. 2. How to calculate trust score between users that experienced a collaboration? We designed a trust model for repeated trust game that computes user trust scores based on their past behavior. We validated our trust model against: (i) simulated data, (ii) human opinion, and (iii) real-world experimental data. We extended our trust model to Wikipedia based on user contributions to the quality of the edited Wikipedia articles. We proposed three machine learning approaches to assess the quality of Wikipedia articles: the first one based on random forest with manually-designed features while the other two ones based on deep learning methods. 3. How to predict trust relation between users that did not interact in the past? Given a network in which the links represent the trust/distrust relations between users, we aim to predict future relations. We proposed an algorithm that takes into account the established time information of the links in the network to predict future user trust/distrust relationships. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on real-world signed directed social network datasets
Monnot, Alexis. "L'évaluation de la formation professionnelle : Analyse des pratiques, de leurs déterminants et des conséquences d'une évaluation des apprentissages sur l'efficacité de la formation." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010049.
Full textGenet-Volet, Yvette. "Modèles de référence d'une action motrice complexe et évaluation formative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17618.
Full textDurand, Jean-Sébastien. "Apprentissage et rétention des gestes de réanimation cardiorespiratoire : étude statistique sur 36 élèves." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M158.
Full textProkofieva, Victoria. "Rôle des facteurs émotionnels dans le processus d’enseignement-apprentissage : stress de l’évaluation scolaire et son influence sur la performance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0117.
Full textThe discussions on evaluation at school have been topical in the educational and academic community (Rey & Feyfant, 2014). Evaluating settings create a « test results pressure » and many studies report a constant fear which student feel in relation to such a pressure. Previous research reveals that assessments situations are the major source of school anxiety and stress in most western countries. Besides the important health and mental problem, ce stress may produce a negative effect on school results. The research question we try to find the answer is: if evaluations and assessments are a source of stress in young scholar students and if yes, in what way do they interfere with cognitive performance in situations of knowledge restitution.We conducted an experimental study in a real school context (n=126 students). We used the methodology and procedures of experimental psychology and neurosciences. The results of both experiments show that assessment situations are very stressful for the students of this age (11-12 y.o.). Even if the general performance was not much altered by the stress, the number of correct answers on very difficult pictures was inferior under stress. The girls were more stressed by the evaluating context, the boys were more affected by response time constraints. These results raise doubts as to whether an assessment context allows young school children to fully access to their personal resources and to show their real performance. One can doubt what is exactly assessed during evaluation: the true level of acquisition of school knowledge by students or, rather, their capacity to cope with stress induced by the evaluative pressure to perform well
Renaud-Amsellem, Pascale. "Effets d’aides cognitives langagières sur quelques aspects de la représentation de soi et le processus d’autoévaluation." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1465.
Full textGérard, Frédérique. "Évaluation des dispositifs d’apprentissage en situation de travail dans les entreprises." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100039/document.
Full textCurrently, in organisations, much attention is given to workplace learning and more specifically, intentional, structured and organised learning on the job. Indeed, this kind of training seems to be more efficient and less expensive than off-the-job training.In our research, we study a specific workplace curriculum which has been developed by Entreprise & Personnel association. The aim of our research is to examine the efficacy of this curriculum.Our theoretical framework draws together the work of Billett (1995, 1996, 2001, 2006) one of leader scholars of the field of Workplace Learning and Pastré (1999, 2005, 2011), one of the key researchers of the francophone field vocational didactic. It allows us to formulate 2 hypothesis:- the curriculum facilitates learnings and in particular scheme transformation process;- this curriculum facilitates learning because it affords opportunities that engage the learner.The data gathering procedures was conducted in the French power distribution company ERDF. They include interviews and observations of 21 technicians. Our findings show that hypothesis n°1 is confirmed for all the participants, and hypothesis n°2 for most of them.Our research invites researchers to examine the efficacy of curriculum in terms of scheme transformation process, workplace opportunities and individual engagement. Our findings confirm the interest of workplace curriculum. At the same time, it invites professionals to think critically of reflexivity and learning transfer questions.Our research was conducted under a partnership between Paris Ouest University and ERDF. It was in part funded by the French national research agency
Bernier, O'Donnell Jean. "La production orale dans l'enseignement / apprentissage de l'anglais de spécialité : l’évaluation et l'analyse des besoins." Grenoble 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE39046.
Full textThe skill of oral production (speaking) in the field of e. S. P. (english for special purposes) is analysed. Three essential components of the "pedagogical act" (which is considered as a system) concerning this particular skill are highlighted : the identification and analysis of the future needs of the students, the teaching learning process, the evaluation of the results obtained. According to our hypothesis, there is a weakness in this "pedagogical act". It is maintained that this overall weakness is directly related to a weakness within each of the aforementioned components. Firstly, it is shown that a large number of both past and present students feel that the teaching learning approach as they have experienced it, does not lead to an improvement in oral skills. Secondly, it is revealed that this is partly due to the fact that the teachers possess only an imprecise picture of the future needs of these student engineers who as a result are not being sufficiently catered for. Thirdly, this lack of imprecision is reflected in current evaluating techniques : not knowing exactly what the students will need, leads to a vagueness when confronted with answering the questions "why evaluate ?", "what should one evaluate ?" and "how should one evaluate ?". Particular attention is devoted to the problem of evaluating oral production skills as this field has not yet been greatly explored. In an attempt to address this problem, a series of propositions are set forward
Chen, Xiao. "Contrôle et optimisation de la perception humaine sur les vêtements virtuels par évaluation sensorielle et apprentissage de données expérimentales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10019/document.
Full textUnder the exacerbated worldwide competition, the mass customization or personalization of products is now becoming an important strategy for companies to enhance the perceived value of their products. However, the current online customization experiences are not fully satisfying for consumers because the choices are mostly limited to colors and motifs. The sensory fields of products, particularly the material’s appearance and hand as well as the garment fit are barely concerned.In my PhD research project, we have proposed a new collaborative design platform. It permits merchants, designers and consumers to have a new experience during the development of highly valued personalized garments without extra industrial costs. The construction of this platform consists of several parts. At first, we have selected, through a sensory experiment, an appropriate 3D garment CAD software in terms of rending quality. Then we have proposed an active leaning-based experimental design in order to find the most appropriate values of the fabric technical parameters permitting to minimize the overall perceptual difference between real and virtual fabrics in static and dynamic scenarios. Afterwards, we have quantitatively characterized the human perception on virtual garment by using a number of normalized sensory descriptors. These descriptors involve not only the appearance and the hand of the fabric but also the garment fit. The corresponding sensory data have been collected through two sensory experiments respectively. By learning from the experimental data, two models have been established. The first model permits to characterize the relationship between the appearance and hand perception of virtual fabrics and corresponding technical parameters that constitute the inputs of the 3D garment CAD software. The second model concerns the relationship between virtual garment fit perception and the pattern design parameters. These two models constitute the main components of the collaborative design platform. Using this platform, we have realized a number of garments meeting consumer’s personalized perceptual requirements
Palomèque, Christina. "Didactique de l'espagnol dans l'enseignement supérieur : analyse d'un dispositif et évaluation des résultats : l'enseignement/apprentissage entre déterminisme et liberté." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12015.
Full textWhat are the means that need be put in place for the leaming of Spanish for beginner adults in higher education who receive 12, 15 or 20 hours of face-to-face teaching and who will be evaluated at a B2 level of the Common European Framework of Referencefor Languages ? Within the field of Education Sciences, our approach provides a novel insight into knowledge domains and related disciplines that contribute to the empirical dimensions of the dldactIc sItuatIon. The ensuing theoretical joumey of integrating language lessons into an anthropologIcal. perspectIve, fed by phllosophlcal and neurological science principles, opens up the posslblhtIes for pragmatlc practlces. These include the construction of a language "theory" with empirical aims that incorporates a "probabilist model" of the theory. ln so doing, it constitutes a model of reference for leamers / teachers wanting to establish identifiable strategies for actors in the didactic situation. The linguistic dimension of our research is based on the hypothesis that personal meaning produced by a locutor is an integral part of the individual' s vital Space-Time experience. Based on this common vital experience, we put forward a didactic framework, we cali LA.S.T.R.A.S. (LAnguage, Space, Time, Representation, Autonomy, Strategy). The three initial sequences of LA.S.T.R.A.S. set up the link between the new conventions of a foreign language and its target contexts. Our study evaluated this framework. ln encouraging the construction of foreign language leaming, leamers are offered an explicit representation of constraints that constitutes the knowledge domain they seek to acquire in an authentic awareness of their essential freedom as locutors. This "existential paradox of language production" is a lived situation within an institution concemed with the "knowledge domain of living languages"
Martin, Vincent. "Vision cognitive : apprentissage supervisé pour la segmentation d'images et de videos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497797.
Full textDionne-Ouellet, Émilie. "Le projet Transgram étude des effets d'une démarche grammaticale inspirée de la démarche active de découverte sur le transfert des apprentissages grammaticaux au 3e cycle du primaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/652.
Full textCantat, Adrien Bernard. "Historique de l'évaluation des apprentissages : de l'enseignement des Jésuites à l'approche par compétences." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26980/26980.pdf.
Full textAbramé, André. "Max-résolution et apprentissage pour la résolution du problème de satisfiabilité maximum." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4330/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is about solving the Maximum Satisfiability (Max-SAT) problem. We study the mechanisms related to the detection and transformations of the inconsistent subsets by the max-resolution rule. In the context of the branch and bound (BnB) algorithms, we present several contributions related to the lower bound computation. They range from the study of the unit propagation scheme used to detect inconsistent subsets to the extension of the learning criteria and to the evaluation of the impact of the max-resolution transformations on the BnB solvers efficiency. Thanks to our contributions, we have implemented a new solver which is competitive with the state of art ones. We give insights allowing a better understanding of the behavior of BnB solvers as well as theoretical elements which contribute to explain the efficiency of these solvers and their limits. It opens new development perspectives on the learning mechanisms used by BnB solvers which may lead to a better consideration of the instances structural properties. We also present an example of integration of the max-resolution inference rule in a local search algorithm
Boccara, Vincent. "Développement des compétences en situation de tutelle au cours de la formation initiale à la conduite automobile : apports croisés de la psychologie ergonomie et de la psychologie sociale." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/169216195#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textDriving accidents are the leading cause of death in young people. One of the entry points to help reduce this phenomenon is to take an interest in the development of driving competence in trainees during an initial training course. This thesis proposes an original theoretical and methodological approach to apprehend the development of several dimensions of competence in trainees, based on contributions from ergonomic psychology and social psychology. Two developmental studies are carried out. The first is a transverse study based on a questionnaire used with 150 trainees. It aims to account for the development of efficacy beliefs in trainees, by comparing the assessment of their driving ability by the trainees themselves, and by trainers, at several stages of an initial training course in driving. The second is a more qualitative longitudinal study. It involved filming four “trainer-trainee” dyads, each of them five times between the beginning and the end of the driving course. It was expected that trainees’ self-efficacy beliefs would become increasingly positive, but that the trainees would not overestimate their driving ability at the end of training. These beliefs would develop jointly with other dimensions of trainee competence during the course. By the end of the course, trainees would still not be self-sufficient. It was expected that their driving activity would still be disorganized in the main training situations. We discuss these results with respect to the literature. In conclusion, we propose some lines of thinking to improve the tools used by trainers
Thomas, Julien. "Apprentissage supervisé de données déséquilibrées par forêt aléatoire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22004/document.
Full textThe problem of imbalanced datasets in supervised learning has emerged relatively recently, since the data mining has become a technology widely used in industry. The assisted medical diagnosis, the detection of fraud, abnormal phenomena, or specific elements on satellite imagery, are examples of industrial applications based on supervised learning of imbalanced datasets. The goal of our work is to bring supervised learning process on this issue. We also try to give an answer about the specific requirements of performance often related to the problem of imbalanced datasets, such as a high recall rate for the minority class. This need is reflected in our main application, the development of software to help radiologist in the detection of breast cancer. For this, we propose new methods of amending three different stages of a learning process. First in the sampling stage, we propose in the case of a bagging, to replaced classic bootstrap sampling by a guided sampling. Our techniques, FUNSS and LARSS use neighbourhood properties for the selection of objects. Secondly, for the representation space, our contribution is a method of variables construction adapted to imbalanced datasets. This method, the algorithm FuFeFa, is based on the discovery of predictive association rules. Finally, at the stage of aggregation of base classifiers of a bagging, we propose to optimize the majority vote in using weightings. For this, we have introduced a new quantitative measure of model assessment, PRAGMA, which allows taking into account user specific needs about recall and precision rates of each class
Frenkel, Stéphanie. "Évaluation des compétences cognitives, langagières et mnésiques des personnes trisomiques 21 : pour une conception intégrative du retard mental." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0012.
Full textLying within the scope of the integrative theories of mental retardation, this research studies the processes of memorizing used by people with Down's syndrome and more particularly, the strategy of active rehearsal. From this point of view, we undertook three research studies aiming at evaluating the impact of the modifications of the environment on the use of this strategy (in particular by means of a training program). The first two studies relate to adults and the last one, on children and teenagers. Moreover, the effect of linguistic competences in the use of this mnemonic strategy is examined. Furthermore, the study of this population raises many questions relating to the constitution of homogeneous groups and the evaluation of their developmental level (cognitive and linguistic), as well as the development of the various short-term memories. This work also presents our proposals for a solution to these three points
Dubuisson, Jean-Baptiste. "Évaluation explicite et implicite des vrais et des faux souvenirs : effets de l’apprentissage et du vieillissement normal." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H118.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to investigate the processes underlying memory performance. Using the DRM paradigm, we examined performance under two complementary angles: in terms of (1) true memories, which is a typical assessment of memory performances, and also in terms of (2) false memories, which are systematic errors induced by the procedure of this paradigm. These performances were studied through two types of measures (explicit and implicit) underlying different retrieval processes. To specify these processes, we have examined them in light of factors likely to influence them. We thus focused on the aging effect as well as the effects of learning, such as the repetition effect and the spacing effect. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) Under explicit assessment, a spacing effect was obtained on both true and false memories. (2) The effect of aging essentially results in an increased sensitivity to the feeling of familiarity, which increases errors, but without an overall deterioration in performance. (3) The automatic processes such as learning effects or priming effects are preserved in aging. (4) Under implicit assessment, no false memory is produced, suggesting that these are mainly mediated by misjudgment during intentional retrieval of material previously studied. In light of the literature, these results are compared with current explanatory hypotheses and theories, for the various areas addressed above
Richard, Gilbert. "A qui profite la médiation éducative ? : étude d'une évaluation diagnostique au cycle 3 de l'école élémentaire." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/richard_g.
Full textIssehnane, Sabina. "L'insertion des jeunes : une évaluation de dispositifs d'emploi et de formation professionnelle." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131015.
Full textHaller, Hélène. "Concevoir des bâtiments performants : prescriptions publiques, coordination, apprentissage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH008/document.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development and energy transition, the French building sector represents a lever to carry out and achieve energy demand management ambitions. National and local rules regarding construction were progressively and substantially modified, and the building design process had to evolve to abide by these rules. Building design has been called into question by requirements aimed at energy performance.We question the readjustments implemented by building designers to follow these requirements. We show that local authorities mostly use operational urban planning to carry their energy requirements. Besides, after a learning period due to the implementation of a new definition of energy performance, the building sector has known stabilisation, characterized by the return of routines and the seek for shared conventions between the project owner and the project manager team. We study how an innovation (the global energy performance) developped and has been adopted by the socio-technical regime of construction.We mobilize the pragmatic sociology; particularly the French branch of sociological economy developed by L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot, and also researches on conventionalism, in order to study three estate operations. These operations belong to multi-unit housing, are of various sizes and are all characterized by a search of energy performance. They are located in different places: in the city of Strasbourg (Alsace) and in the area of Haute-Savoie
Dang, Thanh Ha. "Mesures de discrimination et leurs applications en apprentissage inductif." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184691.
Full textDe façon générale, un système construit par apprentissage inductif a pour but de discriminer les individus de différentes classes. Sa qualité dépend de la capacité de discrimination qu'il acquiert au cours de l'apprentissage au travers des données. En particulier, un algorithme de construction d'arbre de décision procède par évaluation successive de la capacité de discrimination des attributs pour construire l'arbre de décision.
Nos travaux concernent l'étude des mesures de discrimination tant classiques que floues, et leurs applications en apprentissage inductif.
D'une part, nous nous intéressons aux mesures de discrimination dans la construction des arbres de décision. Dans un premier temps, ces mesures font l'objet d'une étude selon une approche axiomatique. Nous développons un nouveau modèle pour caractériser les mesures de discriminations floues. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons d'utiliser ces mesures dans les différentes étapes de la construction des arbres de décision flous.
D'autre part, nous étudions l'utilisation de ces mesures de discrimination pour d'autres aspects de l'apprentissage. Nous examinons tout d'abord le problème de l'évaluation des classifieurs et proposons une méthode basée sur l'utilisation de la notion de capacité de discrimination. Enfin, nous considérons le problème du traitement des données manquantes et proposons une technique de substitution des valeurs manquantes, qui restitue la capacité de discrimination des attributs.
Ces travaux sont validés sur des données conventionnelles et appliqués à des données réelles dans le cadre de deux applications qui concernent la classification de courriers électroniques et la classification de traces d'interactions homme-machine.
Blais, Anthony. "Dynamique du développement local et forces exogènes dans les territoires en reconstruction : évaluation des effets de l'action internationale au Kosovo." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010032.
Full textLemarchand-Caccia, Marie-Françoise. "Temporalité et reliances éducatives : le temps intermédiaire à l'école primaire." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN1346.
Full textMeyer, Geneviève. "L'évaluation formative : une pratique obligée. Contribution à une science de l'action pédagogique." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080545.
Full textThis research is situated in the framework of the french educational system. It examines in the first place the historical evolution of formative evaluation concept, since its invention by m. Scriven in 1967 and its place of origine : the training of adults in north american companies. This time and this environment have konowed the concept of formative evaluation from behaviorism and taylorism. Consequently we will have to trace this praxis of formative evaluation which is inspired both by new learning and communication theories, by decisionel models of d. Stufflebeam and by situational management. Refinding in this way, m. Scriven's original theory : "the goal of evaluation is always the same - to judge the value of objectives" ; and not as determining whether objectives have been achieved. The systemic approach on one hand, the theorizing of a praxis of teaching and teacher training on the hand, serve as methodologies for this study
Caron, Alexandre. "Mesure de la dynamique des polluants gazeux en air intérieur : évaluation des performances de systèmes multi-capteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10161/document.
Full textNowadays, indoor air quality is a major health issue and a growing research challenge. Many pollutants are presentinside buildings. They are directly emitted by indoor sources such as building materials, furniture, occupants and theiractivities or transferred from outdoors. Due to an increasing concern for energy saving, recent buildings are much moreairtight, reducing the pollutants elimination to the outside. Standard analyzers are not suitable for monitoring the airquality indoors. These techniques are usually bulky, expensive, noisy and require skilled people. An alternative to theseconventional methods recently appeared under the form of microsensors. In this work, the performances and limitationsof different type of sensors such as infrared sensors, electrochemical sensors, photoionisation detectors orsemiconductive sensors for the measurement of CO2, CO, NOx, O3 or VOC, were evaluated in laboratory conditions andalso during measurement campaigns in order to monitor the major indoor air pollutants. Although the response of thesesensors is highly correlated with the concentration measured by reference instruments, their lack of selectivity does notalways allow a quantitative analysis. Naive Bayes classifier and bisecting k-means clustering were used to help analyzethe output of the sensors, and allow identifying typical pollution events, reflecting the dynamics of the indoor air quality
Richard, Michael. "Évaluation et validation de prévisions en loi." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE0501.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the evaluation and validation of predictive densities. In a first part, we are interested in the contribution of machine learning in the field of quantile and densityforecasting. We use some machine learning algorithms in quantile forecasting framework with real data, inorder to highlight the efficiency of particular method varying with nature of the data.In a second part, we expose some validation tests of predictive densities present in the literature. Asillustration, we use two of the mentionned tests on real data concerned about stock indexes log-returns.In the third part, we address the calibration constraint of probability forecasting. We propose a generic methodfor recalibration, which allows us to enforce this constraint. Thus, it permits to simplify the choice betweensome density forecasts. It remains to be known the impact on forecast quality, measured by predictivedistributions sharpness, or specific scores. We show that the impact on the Continuous Ranked ProbabilityScore (CRPS) is weak under some hypotheses and that it is positive under more restrictive ones. We use ourmethod on weather and electricity price ensemble forecasts.Keywords : Density forecasting, quantile forecasting, machine learning, validity tests, calibration, bias correction,PIT series , Pinball-Loss, CRPS
Dupuch, Laurence. "Rôle de l’explicitation de la structuration des connaissances pour les apprentissages : apports des réseaux sémantiques fondés sur la relation d’inclusion de classes." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084130.
Full textKnowledge acquisition depends on the construction of structured categories regarding a domain. In this thesis, we hypothesize that making knowledge organization explicit within a learning situation, through the use of semantic networks based on the class inclusion relation, can promote categorization at the relevant abstract level regarding the task and increase the quality of inferences due to properties inheritance. We think that these networks can be also used to create school evaluations and to analyze the mistakes made by pupils. In order to test these hypotheses, primary (3th or 5th grade) or secondary (2nd year) schoolchildren were initiated to the manipulation of semantic network regarding several domains from primary school education: the quadrilaterals, the grammatical determiners or generalities about conjugation. Their knowledge was assessed through problem solving, multiple choice questionnaires or tasks of verb categorization. Their results were compared with the ones from children having studied the same contents in a classical manner. The results supported our hypotheses: the “network” groups performed generally significantly better than the control groups for the different domains
Roots-Buck, Jennifer. "Le scénario comme démarche d'apprentissage et mode d'évaluation." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3035.
Full textTwo questions triggered the present research and are inseparable. Which teaching technique is the most suited to the teaching of a language to specialists in other fields and which assessment procedure is best adapted to these students' needs? If the scenario is chosen for the forthcoming CLES, the French university diploma in language skills, as it has been for other diplomas such as the DCL, then a research into teaching techniques that help students to prepare for this kind of assessment is necessary. The scenario is therefore experimented in various forms both as a teaching technique and as an assessment procedure. Through an analysis of student reactions to this technique and the results it gives, as well as an experimentation of the material required for it, some conclusions can be drawn as to its usefulness
Mouele, Pierre. "L'intégration des pratiques évaluatives des apprentissages : analyse de besoins de formation continue chez les enseignants gabonais du primaire (cas de l'évaluation sommative)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28025.
Full textThis research focuses on the evaluation practices of Gabonese primary teachers in connection with teaching practices. The research concerns the summative evaluation knowledge, as part of taking admission decision to a level skill and the passage of the student upper class. The goal of the study is to determine the training needs of teachers, given the current and desired situations of their professional skills in summative evaluation. The different training needs were measured using the following dimensions: perceptions of teachers in relation to their summative assessment practices and the types of training and priorities in summative evaluation. Two instruments of measurementhave been used to collect research data. The questionnaire sent to forty participants, brought together quantitative data. The guides of semi-structured individual interviews were sent to four of these teachers to collect their speeches about their current and desired situations in summative evaluation. The analysis and interpretation of quantitative data were made from the non-graphical approach developed by Nadeau (1984). This first analysis of data allowed finding the frequency of selection of each participant, scores, the average absolute deviation and the needs of the priority index. The treatment of the qualitative data was based on the systemic theory developed by Lapointe (1992) by conducting discourse analysis of the participants by means of coding and verbatim transcripts through the QDA Miner software. The different statistical and interpretative analyzes were then triangulated to measure the extent of the needs expressed by all the participants. The discussion helped to make connexions between the outcome of the research and scientific literature. The quantitative results show that there are four categories of continuing education needs among participants: 17 critical needs, 17 priority needs, 11 low priority needs and 7 non-priority needs. The qualitative analyzes mention that Gabonese public school teachers who participated in the research have a weak current situation in their summative evaluation practices. Their perceptions show that the lack of sufficient skills training (CPA) and the lack of relevance of the tools of this approach are the major causes of the difficulties in summative evaluation. The qualitative results also show that teachers have difficulty in linking teaching practices to summative evaluation practices. To this end, participants expressed a strong desire to benefit from continuing training in order to improve their evaluation practices in particular. After the research, five recommendations with many statements have been made to the Ministry of education of Gabon and its various technical directions, so that the appropriate policies and mechanisms are implemented in the direction of reducing the discrepancy between the current and desired situationsof Gabonese primary school teachers who participated in this studyin the Estuary province, in particular.
Grasset, Raphaël. "Apprenance et équipes de travail : mise à l’épreuve d’une évaluation individuelle du rapport à l’apprendre dans les interactions des collectifs." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100029.
Full textAlthough individuals are encouraged to be solely responsible for updating their knowledge and skills, the creation of value in companies emerges more and more through collective work that require them to learn to work and learn together. An exploratory study on the possibility of learning within teams reveals the complexity of the coupling between the individual and the collective. From this context emerges the problem of the link between interindividual differences in relation to learning and the interactions within working collectives.We suggest addressing these interindividual differences through the notion of learning readiness (“apprenance” in French). Our validation study confirms the triadic structure of learning readiness, its stability, its valence and its object while providing a psychometric scale allowing a situated, stable and standardized evaluation of the concept. This research also makes it possible to understand the peculiarities of learning individuals through their socio-demographic characteristics, the structuring of their knowledge and their sense of professional efficiency.Following an extensive literature review on collective learning processes in the workplace, we suggest using the notion of transactive memory system that supports learning between group members through communication interactions. A study that examines it in the form of networks allows for a relational analysis in the light of learning readiness. It appears that learning readiness offers to the individual a potential for expertise through an optimization of its social strategies and to the company a potential for innovation through the emergence of information bridges compressing the organizational space
Benayache, Ahcène. "Construction d'une mémoire organisationnelle de formation et évaluation dans un contexte e-learning : Le projet MEMORAe." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1591.
Full textMany documents and resources are now available in order to support e-Iearning. Some are internaI and made by several actors implied in the e-Iearning. Others are available on the web: on-line courses, course supports, slides, bibliographies, frequently asked questions, lecture notes, etc. The increasing number of available resources is a real problem in content management systems. Ln This PhD, we consider a course like an organization, in which different actors are involved. We proposes to manage the informations, documents and knowledge of this organization by means of a learning organizational memory based on ontologies. It was carried out in the context of the MEMORAe project focusing on two application scenarios: the contribution of the knowledge engineering in the educational domain and the learning by exploration based on ontologies. Three aspects were essentially developed in this work : the contribution of an organizational memory in the e-Iearning context ; the choices of (a) using ontologies to model metadata, and (b) to represent them with the Topic Maps formalism ; the design and implementation of the E-MEMORAe, an environment assistance for e-Iearning, and the evaluation of this environment with students in the framework of : the B31. 1 applied mathematics course at the University of Picardy in France, and the NF01 algorithms and programming course at the University of Technology of Compiègne
Galas, Rebsamen Maryline. "Approche cognitive du contrôle qualité : de l'analyse de la tâche à la formation : le cas du contrôle des verres ophtalmiques chez ESSILOR." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL026.
Full textThivierge, Stéphanie. "Réadaptation cognitive des activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : Élaboration et évaluation d'une intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30277/30277.pdf.
Full textChoquette, Philippe. "Nouveaux algorithmes d'apprentissage pour classificateurs de type SCM." Master's thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24840/24840.pdf.
Full textSheeren, David. "Méthodologie d' évaluation de la cohérence inter-représentations pour l'intégration de bases de données spatiales : une approche combinant l' utilisation de métadonnées et l' apprentissage automatique." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085693.
Full textGiovannangeli, Christophe. "Navigation bio-mimétique autonome en environnements intérieurs et extérieurs : apprentissage sensori-moteur et planification dans un cadre interactif." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0346.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at highlighting how the interplay between robotics and the sciences of the living can promote both the understanding the cerebral circuitry and the achievment of very robust algorithms for robotics. The problem of the development of a neural achitecture, inspired by neurobiological models of the cerebral circuitry, for autonomous navigation of mobile robots in unknown indoor and outdoor environments, is adressed. A localization system based on a model of purely visual place-cells is presented. The place-cells enable to learn reactive sensory-motor behavior and planning behavior. The system is able to learn behavioral tasks autonomously or by interacting with a human teacher. An orientation system, merging a visual compass and path integration information, will also be proposed. The possible interactions between sensory-motor and planning strategies will be debated. Finally, issues on the autonomy of the learning in robot will be adressed: A metacontrol architecture which gives self-evaluation capabilities by analyzing the learning progress will be presented
Meyer, Svetlana. "Conception et évaluation d'Evasion, un logiciel éducatif d'entraînement des capacités d'attention visuelle impliquées en lecture." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS002/document.
Full textLearning to read is a complex activity that relies on different cognitive abilities, including visual attention. The role of visual attention in learning to read is widely documented in the scientific literature but absent from school curricula. In this thesis work, we designed an original educational software, called Evasion, for visual attention training in the classroom and we evaluated its impact on beginning readers' performance.A literature review was first conducted to identify the dimensions of visual attention that are involved in reading and how best to train them. We then propose a conceptual framework which allows us to interpret these results. We conclude that the dimensions to be targeted are the total amount of visual attention resources and attention spatial dispersion. These two facets of attention seem to be particularly well driven by action video games, whose effect on visual attention has also been characterized in our model.To train visual attention resources and dispersion as well as possible within Evasion, we have mixed the tasks known to improve these attentional dimensions with the properties of action video games. Our software includes four training mini-games and an adaptive difficulty algorithm developed by our team to adjust the game properties online to the child needs. The training program was provided in classroom over a period of ten weeks at a rate of three 20-minute sessions a week. It was proposed to a large sample of 730 beggining readers for reading difficulty prevention.The impact of Evasion was assessed before and after training as compared to a control group that used an intervention program conceived to improve oral comprehension in English. The results of this ecological experiment show that visual attention and reading did not improve more following Evasion than control training. Additional analyses revealed that training time was poorly respected while this factor relates to the magnitude of improvement in the attentional dimensions we targeted. The analyses further suggest a problem in the level of difficulty of the mini-games. Overall, our work opens up new perspectives on the improvements to be made to our software and, above all, on the conditions for successful implementation of ecological experiments
Ouellet, Mona. "Les effets de l'évaluation formative sur l'apprentissage d'un concept selon deux modes de communication du feed-back : les explications de l'enseignant et l'utilisation d'un matériel autocorrectif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29358.
Full textGruber, Jost Sylvie. "L'autoévaluation des compétences en contexte : l'intime au service d'un apprentissage expansif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG014/document.
Full textSelf-evaluation involves making a value judgement of oneself. It also involves accepting to reveal something about oneself, but to whom ? If another person, such as a teacher, a parent or friend, is a necessary part of the process, it is vital to wonder about his or her role and his or her view. This relation calls into question the idea of transmission in educational experience (Vieille-Grosjean, 2009). If the goal of the teacher is to make a child competent (Reboul, 1980), what is the goal of the child who learns at school ? This empirical study examines the practice of skill self-evaluation among primary school students. The practice of self-evaluation, if situated in the area of pedagogy, creates a meeting space between the teacher, the student and knowledge. It reveals the expectations of some and the perceptions of others, and allows the student to work toward expansive learning (Holzkamp, 1993). The child can, by becoming aware of his/her responsibility, move from being a person who is being evaluated to a person who is learning
Moulakdi, Andre. "Développement professionnel des enseignants par la communauté d'apprentissage professionnelle et réussite scolaire des élèves du primaire dans le département du Diamaré, région de l’Extrême-Nord du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67784.
Full textIn this research, a new type of teacher professional development was introduced through the professional learning community (PLC) work model in a group of elementary schools of the Diamaré Department in Cameroon’s Far North province. Specifically, we sought to identify the effects of this professional development model on student learning. Ten elementary schools participated in this study (6 experimental groups and 4 control groups). The schools in the experimental group worked as PLCs and were composed of 48 teachers who had a total of 3065 students (Cycle 2: grades 3 and 4; Cycle 3: grades 5 and 6). The non-PLC control group consisted of 4 schools located elsewhere in the city, with 20 teachers responsible for 976 students. Our participative action research initiative employed the action research model of Susman and Evered (1978) and was divided into several stages: diagnostic assessment, action planning, action, evaluation, and finally identification of the new knowledge acquired. The first phase consisted of a focused assessment of the existing teacher professional development model: Using Guskey’s professional development evaluation model (Guskey, 2000), we instigated an evaluative process at the beginning of the 2018-2019 school year to gather the PLC members’ comments and reactions throughout the year. The second phase involved the introduction of the PLC approach within the targeted schools. The members of the various school teams working as PLCs met for 10 collaborative meetings to discuss their students’ results in mathematics and French and to learn different pedagogical strategies to improve both their teaching practices and their students’ outcomes. Finally, a quasi-experimental method using the difference in difference technique was conducted and student pre-test/post-test assessments in both core subjects were administered in the form of a standardized test to the students attending the PLC and non-PLC schools. The students’ results on both tests were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Our findings reveal that the teacher professional development model currently used in Cameroon’s elementary education sector did not meet the expectations and training needs of its teachers. While the content covered during the continuing development activities was designed to improve teaching practices, the frequency with which these training sessions were organized was not enough to sustain any clear improvement of teaching practices and consequently, of student achievement. Schools did their best to support a climate of discussion and collaboration for their teachers; however, they failed to provide their teachers with crucial resources for their professional growth. As a result, the teacher professional development in the schools functioning as PLCs had no perceivable effect on student achievement during the school year under study. Our results also indicate that the teachers’ perceptions regarding the quality of their professional development activities were the same, regardless of gender. Of interest is that the PLC experience did generate greater awareness among the teachers regarding student failure in an education system demonstrating no clear accountability. After one year of operation, the schools working as PLCs were still in the initiation phase of this growth process, which may explain the absence of tangible improvements in terms of student achievement at the end of the school year; at this stage, the impact of the new practices developed within the PLC relative to student learning was too early to measure. This observation is supported by other findings on the subject (Huffman & Hipp, 2003; Leclerc, Moreau & Lépine, 2009). Indeed, the effects of the PLC professional development model are most often evidenced after at least two years of operation, when the PLC reaches full institutionalization (Peiying & Wang, 2015).