Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche descriptive'
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Assal, Allal. "Vocabulaire des biotechnologies : Une approche descriptive." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEL148.
Full textBiotechnology is a good ground to observe the meeting of technical and scientific vocabularies of various subject matters, and of engineering sciences. It needs biology, biochemistry, biophysics, and many technologies, some of them partly traditional, like fermentation, some others entirely new, like genetic engineering. In the case of biotechnology, an approach by "domains" is unefficient, and the theory of univocity is not relevant. Before any try at normalization, a perfect knowledge of the spoken realities and, practices is unavoidable. Aiming at that target, the thesis puts emphasis on two types of speeches, pedagogical discourse beetween specialists and students, and interface discourse as a link between laboratory and production
Berthomé, Aline. "Une approche descriptive de l'auto-adaptativité des interfaces homme-machine." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10259.
Full textRigaud, Nathalie. "L'art du vide : pour une approche descriptive des phénomènes elliptiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10071.
Full textBellou, Abdelouahab. "L' anaphylaxie : approche clinique descriptive et approche expérimentale chez le rat Brown Norway sensibilisé à l'ovalbumine." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN11303.
Full textDupin, Cecile. "La recherche infirmière en France : approche sociologique et épistémologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066128.
Full textNursing research and education recently changed in France. In our country, the nursing discipline is currently transforming toward an academic institutionalisation. European development of nursing research is heterogeneous, but the paths of progress seem similar if four sequential stages. Nursing research is characterized by its diversity. However, French nurses implement research projects, in a relative seclusion. In the current professional, disciplinary and intellectual French nursing context, how can nursing research integrate both the international arena and develop its own unique programme? This thesis further aspires to highlight French nurses? scientific values and provide guidelines for nursing research and education in France. The research programme Thot, a multi-method programme, was launched in 2010 to study the development of French nursing research capacity. Thot 1 study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of the Hospital Nursing Research Programme 2010 and 2011 scientific activity. Thot 2 study was an ethnography of nursing research practices, combined with clinical practice. Thot 3 was a phenomenographic study of research concepts acquired during a doctoral apprenticeship in France and Sweden. Seven values were derived from the integration of the results of the three studies: reflexivity, dedicated education, coherence, diversity, confidence, transmission and transformation. We hope that this programme, deployed and implemented concurrently to one of the stage of development of nursing in France, will participate in the future integration of the values of French nurses as scientific values
Doualan, Gaëlle. "Étude historique, épistémologique et descriptive de la synonymie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040149.
Full textThis thesis studies theoretical and epistemological aporia of synonymy. These problems are concentrated in the theoretical weakness of synonymy in comparison with its empirical success both in usage and dictionaries. This theoretical weakness originates in the history of the notion: at first, synonymy had been defined by Aristoteles and was afterwards subjected to transformations during the following centuries. With the beginning of modern linguistics, scientific definition of synonymy had been built from the distinctive synonymy of French synonymists. The fundamental notions of modern linguistics, such as the opposition between language and discourse, had been applied to synonymy whereas it had been elaborated before their conception. Synonymy can hardly be submitted to modern linguistics theoretical frameworks without generating theoretical difficulties. The distinctive approach centers the study of synonymy on semantic differences whereas synonymy is based on approximate semantic equivalence. History of synonymy sheds light on aporia and helps to distance from it and to center the notion on the semantic equivalence because they make synonymy possible and on discourse because that is where sense emerges. This breaks off with the synonymy which is solely based on semantic differences between synonymic lexical items. An onomasiological and textual approach is set up to propose a new scientific framework to synonymy: this approach consists in the detection of lexical networks showing semantic relations appearing in context. To test this approach, lexical networks of vice and virtue vocabulary are studied in seventeenth century French texts treating moral themes
Ribeiro, Pöla Marie-Claire. "GDVisu@l : une approche interactive pour un meilleur apprentissage de la géométrie descriptive." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33567.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Harnois, Isabelle. "La qualité de la relation adulte-enfant en pouponnière : une approche descriptive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24802/24802.pdf.
Full textFoisel, Rémy. "Modèle de réorganisation de systèmes multi-agents : une approche descriptive et opérationnelle." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0287_FOISEL.pdf.
Full textRibeiro, Póla Marie-Claire. "GDVisu@l, une approche interactive pour un meilleur apprentissage de la géométrie descriptive." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ56844.pdf.
Full textLicznar, Patricia. "Les boucles appariées et autres éléments particuliers du recodage : approche descriptive et biologique." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU3A200.
Full textHailou, Mohamed. "Approche descriptive du parler arabe de Casablanca : phonologie et inventaire des classes de monèmes." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H051.
Full textWe have tried to describe the Arabic dialect of the Casablanca (morocco). A functional analysis is presented according to the method recommended by André Martinet. The results are arranged in two parts: phonological and classification. The phonological contains a list of phonemes defined on the basis of their pertinence. The classification contains a list of morpheme classes defined on the basis of their combining possibilities and their functions. Material for an intensive study was provided by an idiolect, the J. K. , whereas the environment was represented by recordings of speakers of different ages
Quenette, Pierre-Yves. "Autonomie et activité de surveillance chez le sanglier (sus scrofa) : approche descriptive, expérimentale et évolutive." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30044.
Full textMarniesse, Sarah. "Dynamique des microentreprises dans les pays en développement : approche descriptive et analytique sur échantillons constants." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010028.
Full textThis thesis arises from an interrogation regarding the capacity of micro-enterprises to develop. For twenty years or so, the economies of Africa (and some non-african developing economies) have been characterised, to varying degrees, by a growth of urban unemployment and rising poverty. In this context, the socio-economic role of micro-entreprises becomes more important. This study looks at the dynamics of micro-enterprises. A review of existing theoretical and empirical literature concerning the diversity of size as enterprise growth trajectories leads to the proposal of a model explaining the dynamics of micro-enterprises in developing countries. This model is subsequently tested in the thesis. We have, for the first time, undertaken a survey of a constant sample of micro-enterprises. More than 900 micro-enterprises were sought, of which two-thirds were located and over 500 were included in the survey. This study allowed the use of statistical and econometric methods in the analysis of the determinants of enterprise disappearance, as well as of the factors explaining employment creation. Pre-established hypotheses could thus be confirmed, or refuted. The following questions are addressed : - The comparison of growth trajectories and the measurement of their determinants allows an understanding of why some micro-enterprises succeed better than others. - Questions are raised regarding decision making theory and the particular influence of evolving circumstances. - The relative importance of various forms of employment when enterprises expand is studied. - Observation of growth paths raises the difficulty of convergence with a limiting size and poses questions linked to the study of market structures. - Finally, analysis of factors explaining growth paths is linked to the preoccupations of economic policies
Nzenge, Alaziambina Gikila. "Intelligence et guerres : essai sur la philosophie politique de H. Bergson : approche analytique et descriptive /." Lubumbashi : Université nationale du Zaïre, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349088040.
Full textLevieuge, Guy. "Structures linguistiques en moselle germanophone - approche systemique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR20010.
Full textThe diversity of facts made it possible to discover an organisation of dialectic space. The systemic theory and the notion of open system make up a new approach which seems to give a better account of the complexity and continuum of variations on the diatopic level. The continuous reorganization of each system and its interdependance with the environment put facts back in a evolutionary dynamic system, both on the diachronic and synchrome axis. Principles of autonomy, choice and freedom ermerge from that system, which is characterized by precarious balances
Andréfouët, Serge. "Apport de la teledetection a une approche descriptive et fonctionnelle des systemes coralliens de polynesie francaise." Pacifique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PACI0020.
Full textIglesias, Olivier. "Le placement des clitiques dans les complexes verbaux en espagnol : une nouvelle approche de la question." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/17132398X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textLinguists have been traditionally interested by the position of the clitic pronoun in the verbal periphrases in Spanish. Some studies perceive a (semantic, pragmatic…) difference between both variants, while some others consider that it is “the ear that decides”. This work does not aim to propose the umpteenth theory explaining the placement of the clitics, but to propose a new approach by analysing idiolects and especially their individual grammar. From a diachronic point of view, the analysis of Spanish and French idiolects from the 13th to the 20th century will allow for a better understanding of linguistic change, on the grounds that variants progress by spreading gradually towards more precise contexts. This work will also show that each idiolect may present a coherent system of the placement of the clitic. From a synchronic point of view, a fine-grained analysis of four individual written grammar and two individual spoken grammars will be offered. This will show some regular patterns that cannot be described by a big corpus analysis, which only presents a situation of chaotic variation. The results of this analysis of idiolects, which clearly reveals that some order may be found within this “chaos”, show how interesting this method is for the analysis of variation phenomena, since it is supported by the observation of real, authentic and potentially coherent grammars
Hallier, Lucie. "Etude de la demande en eau d’argiles calcinées dans le contexte du développement de ciment bas carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LIMO0004.
Full textThe development of cement, partially substituted by calcined clays, is taking place against a backdrop of strong international demand for low-carbon cements. The aim is to reduce the cement industry's overall CO2 emissions. Calcined clays represent a serious alternative due to their high pozzolanic reactivity and wide availability. Various parameters influencing the behaviour of calcined clay have been studied, such as calcination conditions, the nature of the calcined clays and the impact of their structure on their reactivity. Although the use of calcined clays in this context is generally associated with a high demand for water, the parameters influencing this demand are poorly understood.The present work explores the high water demand of cement-calcined clay mixtures in the first moments of dry material contact with water (< 20 min). The development of an experimental methodology has made it possible to explore the water demand of calcined clays and cement-calcined clay mixtures on different scales. This approach ranges from the ‘instantaneous’ characterisation of the state of the material using various experimental methods, to the continuous study of the material and mixtures studied using microcalorimetry. The development of this work has led to an initial descriptive approach to the overall water demand of a mixture, with the qualification and quantification, if possible, of each contribution. The water demand at the particle level, with the wetting water, and the water demand at the mixture level, with the water present in the inter- and intra-agglomerate spaces, the water present in the inter-particle spaces (deflocculated system) and the water participating in the formation of hydrates, are thus described
Amjad, Fahd. "Approche ontologie pour l'intégration des entreprises distribuées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0334/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have provided a complete review of the semantic web technologies and their corresponding utility in the current environment for small to medium sized enterprise (MSE). The traditional approaches to enterprise integration favour large enterprise entities and force contractual limitations on smaller partners, but at the same time the pressure to guard the individual enterprise competence is ever increasing, the distributed enterprise (MSE) in such an environment have limited number of choices, which forces them to make strategic decisions and enter into a long term agreements with their partners and this limits their flexibility to the market changes. We, in this thesis, propose a semantic web based ontology approach for integrating the information as well as physical resource of the distributed enterprise. This web based approach acts as a decision support for better resources utility as well as distributed information integration. The work related to web ontology?s for information integration is not new, but the approach proposed in this thesis for distributed enterprise is an added value. Similarly, we have also proposed semantic web ontology as a configuration system to manage the distributed resources of the virtual enterprise, for this we have modelled OWL-DL ontology on the semantic of the industrial integration standard ISA-95, and subsequently used this ontology artefact as a configuration artefact to manage the distributed virtual enterprise material and equipment resources this is the main proposition of the thesis of utilizing semantic web ontology as resource configuration decision support
Dutrieux, Eric. "Approche descriptive et expérimentale de l'impact des hydrocarbures sur la mangrove : le cas du delta de la Mahakam (Bornéo, Indonésie)." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20010.
Full textFilippi, Paul-Michel. "Le français régional de Corse : étude linguistique et sociolinguistique. Pratiques langagières du français en Corse : approche descriptive et problème glottopolitique." Corte, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CORT0011.
Full textThe regional french of corsica is constituted by a group of pronunciation points morpho-syntactical and lexical particularities which proves a contact between french and corsican tongues. Among the young, this contact ends at original speech, the francorse. Sociolinguistic analysis shows in talking behaviours a dialectic of anguish and derision whereby the linguistic community has tried to manage the diglossic conflict. Transcending the present situation requires an examination of glottopolitical parties which govern this situation, and organizing a new pedagogy for french and corsican teaching, and another definition of the corsican tongue statute
Babault, Sophie. "Contacts de langues et dynamique socio-langagière à Madagascar : approche descriptive et interpretative des usages du français chez les lycéens français." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL377.
Full textGlasser, Frédéric. "L'influence des facteurs externes sur la reproduction de la carpe herbivore (Ctenopharyngodon idella) en zone tropicale : une approche descriptive et expérimentale." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10016.
Full textGuengard, Marianne. "Formation des chefs de choeur. Approche descriptive et compréhensive de l'enseignement-apprentissage de la direction de choeur. Un exemple "la levée"." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040001.
Full textThis thesis has the purpose investing in the research of musical education in France. It isfocused on specialised teaching for choir conductors and hence studies the practicesundertaken by both the student and the teacher interdependently, by analysing the conductinggestures in a real teaching-learning situation. The research specifically takes an interest in theteacher's work, and seeks to highlight the role of the latter in the building of knowledge linkedto a particular technical element: « the upbeat ». Of particular importance is the way in whichthe teacher structures the lessons, organises the layout, in terms of “the environment” in orderto direct the students towards targeted learning
Amjad, Fahd. "Approche ontologie pour l'intégration des entreprises distribuées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0334.
Full textIn this thesis, we have provided a complete review of the semantic web technologies and their corresponding utility in the current environment for small to medium sized enterprise (MSE). The traditional approaches to enterprise integration favour large enterprise entities and force contractual limitations on smaller partners, but at the same time the pressure to guard the individual enterprise competence is ever increasing, the distributed enterprise (MSE) in such an environment have limited number of choices, which forces them to make strategic decisions and enter into a long term agreements with their partners and this limits their flexibility to the market changes. We, in this thesis, propose a semantic web based ontology approach for integrating the information as well as physical resource of the distributed enterprise. This web based approach acts as a decision support for better resources utility as well as distributed information integration. The work related to web ontology?s for information integration is not new, but the approach proposed in this thesis for distributed enterprise is an added value. Similarly, we have also proposed semantic web ontology as a configuration system to manage the distributed resources of the virtual enterprise, for this we have modelled OWL-DL ontology on the semantic of the industrial integration standard ISA-95, and subsequently used this ontology artefact as a configuration artefact to manage the distributed virtual enterprise material and equipment resources this is the main proposition of the thesis of utilizing semantic web ontology as resource configuration decision support
Mahboubi, Amel. "Pratiques de soin dans le cancer colorectal : approche descriptive et intérêt de différents modèles de survie pour l'étude des pratiques diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU14.
Full textThe need of evaluating health care practices has begun in the 80’s and has led to establishment of several agencies of evaluation. This work focused on two different approaches to evaluate care practices in colorectal cancer. The first approach is based on descriptive epidemiology methods. It concerns the respective places of several practitioners in the health care system. In this work, we studied, on a registry-based population, the respective places of general practitioners and gastroenterologists in the follow-up of patients resected with curative intent. This study emphasized that the places of general practitioners and gastroenterologists are complementary in clinical follow-up and in prescription of surveillance tests recommended by the consensus workshop of 1998. The second approach is based on survival of cancer. Indeed, estimations of survival allow evaluating the impact of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic management care of cancers, and through a better knowledge of prognostic factors, may lead to improvements. In this work, we have developed and implemented a new relative survival model which estimates the effects of continuous prognostic factors avoiding the assumptions of proportionality and log-linearity of current models. Indeed, these hypotheses are rarely verified in oncology. This flexible modelisation, using B-splines, of prognostic factor effects allowed re-assessing both the effect of age and of period of diagnosis on the colon cancer-related mortality. Key-words: Care practices, colorectal cancer, general practitioner, gastroenterologist, relative survival, the proportional hazard hypothesis, log linearity hypothesis
Poitevineau, Jacques. "Méthodologie de l'analyse des données expérimentales : Etude de la pratique des tests statistiques chez les chercheures en psychologie, approche normative, prescriptive et descriptive." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL291.
Full textThe thesis presented is that the current use of significance tests by psychologists is unsuited for experimental research. This question is examined through three approaches, normative, prescriptive and descriptive, which constitute the three parts of the dissertation. The first part is devoted, from a methodological viewpoint, to the study of the theories of statistical test developed by fisher and by neyman and pearson, and which now constitute the statistical norm. The main features of these theories are first described, then the numerous criticisms which are still directed at the statistical tests are examined. Misuses of tests are also examined, as well as possible reasons for the continued use of these tests. The second part deals with the pertinence of the prescriptions. Among the main alternatives to the tests reviewed, only confidence interval methods and bayesian methods seem to be potential challengers to the traditional tests. From the analysis of six popular textbooks of statistical inference designed for psychologists, it appears that the theories of statistical test are rarely accurately reported and that those textbooks contain some misuses, particularly among the examples used. The third part is devoted to the attitudes of psychologists toward significance tests. Some statistical re-analyses of published results are presented, as long as a re-analysis we performed using standard bayesian tools. Some experiments involving researchers as subjects are also reported, including the two we realized for this thesis. We conclude that the use of significance tests by psychologists is a socially adapted but methodologically unsuited use of an inadequate tool promoted through misleading guide-lines of standard textbooks. We also mention a probable change in psychologists' attitude toward significance tests, as a consequence of recommendations from the American Psychological Association that are likely to appear in the near future, and the possibility that bayesian analysis will become more and more used
Coriano, Melissa. "Étude descriptive de la mentalisation chez les personnes présentant une obésité sévère et morbide candidates à une chirurgie de l'obésité : une approche psychodynamique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/CORIANO_MELISSA_2019_ED519.pdf.
Full textObesity has been a public health issue for years. Its management through bariatric surgery, which is booming, is one of the current responses considered to be the most effective in terms of "sustainable" weight loss. However, this surgery is always accompanied by psychological repercussions which can sometimes have serious consequences (increased suicide attempt risk, depression, psychotic breakdown, development or aggravation of addictive behaviors, difficulties in appropriating one's new body shape and possibility of weight gain). In order to prevent these psychological risks, the personality of obese people has been the subject of many studies. However, most studies agree that there’s no single personality type that characterizes the obese patient. In this descriptive study we used projective test (Rorschach and TAT) to study the mentalization process in 41 subjects who are candidates for obesity surgery. Mentalization is a key process in any individual. It makes it possible to "regulate" the psychic apparatus, which is not necessarily determined by the underlying personality. Finding impairments in the mentalization ability could elucidate many of the issues commonly found in people seeking bariatric surgery and can also be a prognostic factor for outcome after bariatric surgery. The results showed impairments in the mentalization process of our subjects and demonstrate the richness that projective tests bring to the study of psychic functioning and mentalization. The assessment of the mentalization process and the implementation of therapies aiming for its enhancement could contribute to improving patient care of people seeking this surgery
Constant, Aymery. "Étude des facteurs prédictifs des troubles de l'humeur induits par interféron-ά au cours du traitement de l'hépatite C chronique : approche descriptive et transactionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21111.
Full textPsychiatric side effects are common with interferon-ά therapy, and responsible for treatment discontinuation in 10% to 20% of cases. The aim of this study was to characterize psychiatric events occurring during Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) treatment, and to determine vulnerability factors associated with their occurrence. Transactional model of stress, in which appraisals and coping processes are believed to play a central role, has been evoked to explain emotional and physical adjustment to IFN-ά therapy. 97 CHC patients (50 males, mean age 46±12 yrs) treated for the first time with interferon-ά plus ribavirin for 24 to 48 weeks were enrolled. Psychological variables were systematically assessed, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-DSM-IV), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), at baseline (T0), after one month (T1) and after three months of treatment. Patients also completed measures of perceived stress, control appraisals, social support and coping after one month of treatment (T1). Variables related to psychological and physical adjustment (depressive symptoms, quality of life) were assessed two months later (T2). Psychiatric events occurred in 33 patients (34 %). They consisted of mood disorders (according to DSM-IV) in all cases with irritable mania/hypomania in 19 cases (58%) and major depression with manic/hypomanic features (depressive mixed states) in 14 cases (42%). Their occurrence was significantly associated with past drug use, and elevated anxiety and depression scores at T0 (p<0,05). In multivariate regression analysis, trait anxiety (T0) was the main predictor of psychological distress and irritability during treatment (β= 0,31; p<0,001, et β= 0,32; p<0,01, respectively), whereas physical symptoms were predicted by older age (β= 0,28; p<0,01), family psychiatric history (β= 0,22; p<0,05), and initial fatigue (β= 0,21; p<0,05). Social support, external control and palliative coping had a little, but significant positive influence on symptoms (p<0,05), but emotion-focused coping was always related to poor emotional adjustment. Hierarchical regression model showed that the relationship between family psychiatric history anxiety adjustment criteria was mediated by anxiety after one month of treatment. Mood disorders are common (34%) during the early stages of interferon therapy for CHC, and often include irritability and manic/hypomanic features. Psychiatric history and elevated scores of anxiety and depression at baseline are significant risk factors for their occurrence. But appraisal and coping processes have little influence on these emotional and physical disturbances according to transactional model of stress
Bang-Nilsen, Catrine. "Comprendre des métaphores en langue étrangère : approche comparative et descriptive du traitement métaphorique en français L2 par des apprenants adultes avancés de norvégien L1." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC013/document.
Full textStudies show that that metaphor processing in an L2 could be a challenge for adult non-native speakers notwithstanding the fact that they have already acquired a figurative competence in their L1. However, few studies focus on the subject and even fewer in French as an L2 despite its importance in achieving a high proficiency level. To date, our study is the first to bring together factors such as the cognitive costs of metaphor processing in an L2, working memory capacity, proficiency and the type of metaphor. Our study was conducted on advanced learners of Norwegian as an L1 and native speakers of French as an L1. The subjects performed a metaphor comprehension task with novel and familiar metaphors as well as tasks measuring working memory capacity. The results show that metaphor processing in French as an L2 is influenced by the learners proficiency levels and by the type of metaphor. More importantly, the results indicate that there are degrees of difficulty in metaphor processing depending on degree of familiarity. The study shows trends regarding the influence of working memory which provides some promising leads for future studies
Bailly-Comte, Vincent. "Interactions hydrodynamiques surface/souterrain en milieu karstique : approche descriptive, analyse fonctionnelle et modélisation hydrologique appliquées au bassin versant expérimental du Coulazou, Causse d'Aumelas, France." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20087.
Full textL'étude hydrodynamique de ce système karst/rivière s'appuie sur un dispositif expérimental adapté à l'observation des phénomènes hydrologiques (pluie, ruissellement) et hydrogéologiques (piézométrie en forage et dans les drains karstiques, suivi hydrodynamique des exutoires du système) très rapides et très intenses. La dynamique de ces écoulements est liée au contexte climatique Méditerranéen mais aussi aux structures de drainage en surface et en souterrain qui permettent un transfert et un transit très rapide des eaux au sein du système karst/rivière.
Une description hydrodynamique classique est complétée par une approche fonctionnelle des échanges karst/rivière dans le but de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement hydrodynamique d'un tel système et de mettre en avant des indicateurs utilisables dans une démarche de modélisation des échanges surface/souterrain. Un premier modèle est présenté dans la dernière partie de ce document.
Bailly-Comte, Vincent. "Interactions hydrodynamiques surface/souterrain en milieu karstique : approche descriptive, analyse fonctionnelle et modélisation hydrologique appliquées au bassin versant expérimental du Coulazou, Causse d'Aumelas, France." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319965.
Full textL'étude hydrodynamique de ce système karst/rivière s'appuie sur un dispositif expérimental adapté à l'observation des phénomènes hydrologiques (pluie, ruissellement) et hydrogéologiques (piézométrie en forage et dans les drains karstiques, suivi hydrodynamique des exutoires du système) très rapides et très intenses. La dynamique de ces écoulements est liée au contexte climatique Méditerranéen mais aussi aux structures de drainage en surface et en souterrain qui permettent un transfert et un transit très rapide des eaux au sein du système karst/rivière.
Une description hydrodynamique classique est complétée par une approche fonctionnelle des échanges karst/rivière dans le but de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement hydrodynamique d'un tel système et de mettre en avant des indicateurs utilisables dans une démarche de modélisation des échanges surface/souterrain. Un premier modèle est présenté dans la dernière partie de ce document.
Blanchard, Coralie. "Etude des facteurs influençant la structure et la texture de produits céréaliers alvéolés de cuisson semi-humide : une approche instrumentale et sensorielle de caractérisation de la texture." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS001/document.
Full textSince texture is the manifestation of structural, mechanical and surface properties of a material, it represents a key characteristic for food materials. It reflects food quality, freshness perception influencing consumer acceptance.Studies encountered in the scientific literature that are devoted to cereal based foods texture are foremost based on bread also biscuits scarcely on cakes. This study entitled ‘study of the different factors influencing the structure and the texture of semi-humid baked aerated cereal products: sensory and instrumental dimensions of texture’ focus on cake softness characterization, set up and evolution. First, the investigation of the influence of soft wheat flour origin, making process and aeration properties on cake texture is proposed. Instrumental characterization of cake texture properties was performed through high deformation using TPA and relaxation tests. Several approaches were attempted to determine cake crumb structure including rheology, microscopy; image analysis and X Ray-Tomography. Sensory characterization of cake texture was achieved through descriptive texture profile involving establishment of our trained panel. Second, we peer into the functional properties of wheat flour also of its gluten and starch components, physico-chemical methods among which fluid rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, optic microscopy and X-Ray powder diffraction are employed. The results are discussed in terms of physical and chemical changes that cake dough ingredients undergo upon making process. This investigation highlights that several parameters are substantially involved in cake structure set up and final texture perception. Suitable flour choice (composition, components quality) and aeration management are critical factors for the elaboration of a product to be perceived the softest as possible. Also, regarding evolution of texture, it is possible to state on the selection of a product whether than another at early development stages allowing anticipate on consumer acceptance
Périgny, Lyne. "Étude descriptive comparative sur les perceptions des mères de nouveau-né né prématurément et celles des infirmières de néonatalogie en regard des comportements soignants qui reflètent une approche humaniste du soin." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2299/1/030187584.pdf.
Full textBenzitoun, Christophe. "Description morphosyntaxique du mot "quand" en français contemporain." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931845.
Full textGerardin, Théo. "Plasticité et diversité de l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau chez deux espèces de chêne blanc d’Europe : les chênes pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) et sessile (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) : approche descriptive de la dynamique de réponse stomatique aux changements environnementaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0120/document.
Full textQuercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. are two sympatric oak species occupying distinctive ecological niches as well as presenting disparate drought tolerances. Available litterature reports the existence of stable inter-specific differences of water use efficiency (WUE) between the two species, Q. petraea displaying higher values than Q. robur. Water use efficiency can be studied at several integration scales both spatially and temporally. Based on instantaneous foliar gaz exchange, the intrinsic water use efficiency can be determined (Wi). On the other hand, water use can be characterised by measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of plant tissues (13C) or by estimation of the whole plant transpiration efficiency (TE), thus allowing a time-integrated estimate of water use. The characterisation of WUE through these different estimators allowed us to put in evidence in oak seedlings grown under controlled conditions a higher transpiration efficiency in Q. robur even though no differences were observed between the two species regarding instantaneous measurements (Wi). TE variations were mainly linked to the variations of the biomass production by the plants while Wi variations were essentially associated to the stomatal conductance. Both intra and inter specific variations of the dynamics of stomatal response to step changes of environmental factors (light, CO2, VPD) could not be clearly linked to the variations of the different WUE estimates nor their respective components. Nevertheless, drought conditions impacted the stomatal dynamics in both species towards faster stomatal responses, especially for stomatal closing. Furthermore, the main observed differences between species were linked to biomass production. Both species displayed different carbon allocation strategies, especially regarding the root compartment. Thus, Q. petraea produced a significantly more ramified and thinner root system than Q. robur. Such behaviour was accentuated under drought stress, under which Q. robur was more sensitive than Q. petraea in term of biomass production. The complexity of the relationships between water use efficiency and all of these morphological and physiological traits as well as the possible drought tolerance implications in both oak species are discussed in this PhD thesis
Gerardin, Théo. "Plasticité et diversité de l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau chez deux espèces de chêne blanc d’Europe : les chênes pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) et sessile (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) : approche descriptive de la dynamique de réponse stomatique aux changements environnementaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0120.
Full textQuercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. are two sympatric oak species occupying distinctive ecological niches as well as presenting disparate drought tolerances. Available litterature reports the existence of stable inter-specific differences of water use efficiency (WUE) between the two species, Q. petraea displaying higher values than Q. robur. Water use efficiency can be studied at several integration scales both spatially and temporally. Based on instantaneous foliar gaz exchange, the intrinsic water use efficiency can be determined (Wi). On the other hand, water use can be characterised by measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of plant tissues (13C) or by estimation of the whole plant transpiration efficiency (TE), thus allowing a time-integrated estimate of water use. The characterisation of WUE through these different estimators allowed us to put in evidence in oak seedlings grown under controlled conditions a higher transpiration efficiency in Q. robur even though no differences were observed between the two species regarding instantaneous measurements (Wi). TE variations were mainly linked to the variations of the biomass production by the plants while Wi variations were essentially associated to the stomatal conductance. Both intra and inter specific variations of the dynamics of stomatal response to step changes of environmental factors (light, CO2, VPD) could not be clearly linked to the variations of the different WUE estimates nor their respective components. Nevertheless, drought conditions impacted the stomatal dynamics in both species towards faster stomatal responses, especially for stomatal closing. Furthermore, the main observed differences between species were linked to biomass production. Both species displayed different carbon allocation strategies, especially regarding the root compartment. Thus, Q. petraea produced a significantly more ramified and thinner root system than Q. robur. Such behaviour was accentuated under drought stress, under which Q. robur was more sensitive than Q. petraea in term of biomass production. The complexity of the relationships between water use efficiency and all of these morphological and physiological traits as well as the possible drought tolerance implications in both oak species are discussed in this PhD thesis
Dehghani, M. (Mitra). "Descriptive data mining approach to visualize diabetes behaviour." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201405261502.
Full textDiabetes mellitus, joka aiheuttaa inhimillistä, sosiaalista ja taloudellista haittaa globaalisti, vaatii sairauden tehokasta hallintaa vaarallisten komplikaatioiden esiintymisriskin pienentämiseksi. Sairauden hallinta/hoito vaatii läheistä yhteistyötä potilaan ja hoitohenkilökunnan välillä. Koska taudin esiintymistiheys on kasvava, useat maat pyrkivät siirtymään kontaktihoidosta etämonitorointiin käyttämällä hyväksi uusia elektronisia sovelluksia kuten langattomia anturiverkkoja ja kehon antureita. Tämä vähentäisi merkittävästi terveyskeskusten kuormitusta, mutta tuottaisi suuria määriä heterogeenista dataa, jonka asettaa uusia haasteita. Tiedonrikastus, tarjoaa useita tekniikoita piilossa olevan tiedon tutkimiseen. Tässä diplomityössä suunnitellaan ja toteutetaan deskriptiivinen tiedonrikastuslähestymistapa ja assosiaatiosäännöt visualisoimaan diabeteksen käyttäytymistä yhdistämällä elintapaparametreja mukaan lukien diabeetikoiden fyysinen aktiivisuus ja mieliala. Tiedonrikastuksen päämääränä on tutkia kriittiset ajoitukset ja tärkeimmät parametrit, jotka johtavat diabeteksen omahoidon tasapainoon tai epätasapainoon. Visualisointitavan on tarkoitus luoda tarpeeksi motivaatiota potilaalle parantamaan heidän sairautensa hoitotasapainoa muuttamalla elintapoja kuten myös antamalla tukea terveydenhuollon päätöksenteolle hoidon parantamiseksi
Mauri, Christian John. "The medical approach and the social approach to disability: A descriptive analysis." Thesis, Mauri, Christian John ORCID: 0000-0003-3245-1044 (2011) The medical approach and the social approach to disability: A descriptive analysis. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/6501/.
Full textMartinez-Alvarez, Miguel. "Knowledge-enhanced text classification : descriptive modelling and new approaches." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/27205.
Full textAvezard-Roger, Cécile. "Description syntaxique du syntagme verbal en breton : approche dynamique." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H004.
Full textThis piece of work consists in a syntactic description of how verbs function in Breton. It relies on functional linguistics and uses the theories developed by André Martinet and his followers. This study of the verb is organised around four main axes. First, in the chapter dedicated to predication, the distinction between connective syntax and nucleus syntax is established and a list of the linguistic means used in Breton is presented within the frame of connective syntax. The different verb units constituing the verbal system are then singled out. The opportunity is seized to take a stand on some difficult point linked to the verb such as "verbal particles" (traditional terminology), the status of the imperative form and the identification of classes of parasynthems in Breton. The third part deals with the various syntactic constructions with a verbal nucleus existing in Breton and presents a typology of the "verb structures" in niew of composition of the verb phrase. The last chapter is devoted to syntactic functions. This analysis is based on an oral corpus collected from speakers from several areas which allows to draw dynamic components related to dialect variation
Meyer, Anne-Laure. "Neurologie Fonctionnelle : description et validité d’une approche thérapeutique controversée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS034.
Full textIn France, chiropractors are allowed to provide conservative care, which typically includes spinal manipulation in order to manage neuro-musculoskeletal conditions. However, some chiropractors also propose to manage non-neuro-musculoskeletal conditions. This alternative proposal is justified by using various approaches based on various theories.Functional Neurology (FN) is a contemporary example of one such approach. FN is an attractive method within the chiropractic profession, presented as scientifically based. However, FN is also vividly criticized, stated by some to be pseudoscientific.The aim of this thesis is to better understand what FN is and the scientific evidence available on this approach, especially in a chiropractic context. For this, a scoping review and two critical review of the literature were conducted.According to the scoping review, FN is a conservative approach, using a multitude of therapeutic tools, including spinal manipulation, used to stimulate the nervous system, especially brain areas. Many symptoms and conditions are supposed to benefit from FN, including in the non-neuro-musculoskeletal area. While “functional neurologists” use many terms belonging to neurosciences and several diagnostic procedures and therapeutic tools from conventional medicine, the theoretical concepts and clinical applications of FN do not appear plausible in general.A critical review of articles obtained through a search of a specialized scientific journal that purported to report on the benefit or effect of FN did not bring any robust evidence on this topic. Also, through a systematic critical review of the literature, no scientific evidence was found in relation to any clinical effect of spinal manipulation via an effect on brain function.This work led us to conclude that FN, when used in a chiropractic context, is probably a pseudoscientific approach
Dakalo, Takalani. "A descriptive analysis of the Tshimanda dialect : A linguistic approach." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/640.
Full textThis mini-dissertation describess the phonological structure of Tshimanḓa dialect, comparing it with the standard Tshivenḓa. The study shows the historical background of Tshimanḓa dialect and also points out that Tshimanda is a dialect spoken by Vhalaudzi of Lwamondo, Gwamasenga, Tshimbupfe and Luonde in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study has revealed two aspects which characterise Tshimanda dialect. Tshimanda dialect is characterized by the omission of two speech sounds, namely, ‘l’ and ‘w’. In some instances the omission of the speech sound ‘l’ in Tshimanda dialect gives a word a different meaning than the one in standard Tshivenda.
Hasan, Abdullah Jamader. "The Concept of person: the approach of a descriptive metaphysician." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/43.
Full textMembre, Aurélie. "Hypercoagulabilité associée aux anticorps anti-phospholipides : approches descriptives et mécanistiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10125/document.
Full textThe objective was to identify the mechanisms which contribute to the hypercoagulability associated with anti-phospholipid antibodies. Antibody-mediated platelet activation and interference of antibodies with phospholipid-dependent reactions were investigated. Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against ß2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin were used as model of anti-phospholipid antibodies. An anticoagulant effect, evidenced by impairment of thrombin generation and a procoagulant effect, by inhibition of activated protein C activity were shown. These phenomena occurs independently of platelet activation. The overall result was hypercoagulability. When immune-mediated platelet activation is sufficiently intense, it increases the amount of procoagulant phospholipids and antagonizes partially the anticoagulant effect of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Thus platelet activation contributes to reinforce the hypercoagulability due to activated protein C resistance. The antibody/antigen complexes interfere with pro- and anticoagulant complexes to the platelet surfaces. The avidity of each studied partners for the phospholipid surfaces take part in the mechanisms leading to hypercoagulability associated with antiphospholipid antibodies
Membre, Aurélie Regnault Véronique. "Hypercoagulabilité associée aux anticorps anti-phospholipides approches descriptives et mécanistiques /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0125_MEMBRE.pdf.
Full textChevriaux, Yann. "Une approche qualitative spatiale pour une description sémantique des reliefs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315651.
Full textNous cherchons à décrire une silhouette - i.e., une coupe de terrain ou la séparation terre/ciel à l'horizon - selon la perception que peut en avoir un observateur. Nous introduisons un modèle, fondé sur une approche qualitative, qui consiste à décrire une silhouette par une séquence de symboles signifiants. L'utilisateur ayant la possibilité de définir ses propres catégories, le modèle possède la capacité de s'adapter à différents contextes.
L'originalité de notre modèle repose dans la méthode de détection des formes significatives. Nous nous ecartons volontairement des méthodes numériques généralement utilisées dans les systèmes de détection ou de reconnaissance de forme. Nous considérons que la perception d'une forme particulière de relief est contingente de la perception de saillances, définies ici comme des points qualitativement remarquables. La description d'une silhouette inclut les relations topologiques qui relient les formes de relief détectées. Afin de tenir compte de l'imprécision des frontières des formes de relief, nous proposons une extension de la méthode 9-intersection. Les relations méréologiques, quant à elles, nous sont utiles pour dériver des représentations à différents niveaux d'abstraction.
Nous avons implanté le modèle en Java. Le prototype réealisé permet de définir des catégories, d'analyser des silhouettes, de déterminer les relations topologiques qui lient les formes détectées et d'obtenir une description à différents niveaux d'abstraction.
Cette thèse a bénéficié du soutien financier de la Région Bretagne.
Delmont, Tom. "Description des communautés microbiennes du sol par une approche métagénomique." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0048/document.
Full textMicrobial ecology is beginning to interact with metagenomics and many microbiologists are attracted to metagenomics in the hope of discovering novel relationships between microorganisms and/or confirming that work done on isolates applies to the remaining uncultured members of the different ecosystems. With a growing number of available metagenomic datasets, metagenomes can be intensively mined by microbial ecologists in search of previously undetected correlations (both structural and functional). Here, we provide a preliminary exploration of 77 publically available metagenomes corresponding to DNA samples extracted from oceans, atoll corals, deep oceans, Antarctic aquatic environments, Arctic snows, terrestrial environments (sediments, soils, sludges, microbial fuel cell anode biofilms, acid mine drainage biofilms), polluted air, and animal and human microbiomes (human feces, mouse and chicken cecum, and cow rumen). Results show well-defined environmental specificities that emphasize microbial adaptation and evolution capabilities. Unexpected observations were also made for several ecosystems, thus providing new hypotheses about the life style of their microbial communities. Available metagenomes are a gold mine of underexploited information that could be used to explore specific microbial structural and functional relationships. The statistical analysis provided here depends in part on replicates from the different ecosystems. With the continued emphasis on metagenomic sequencing, future analyses should support rigorous statistical treatment. This preliminary metagenomic decryption could represent a pilot-scale test for a future Earth microbiome global comparison
Villemin, Danièle. "Réécouter, réécrire. Évolutions du discours descriptif en classe de troisième. Didactique du lexique en éducation musicale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040112.
Full textWriting a commentary after a listening exercise mobilizes several skills linked to perception and drafting. This thesis, aiming at an interdisciplinary approach, attempts to describe the influence of autonomous revision and of the piece of music heard on commentaries written by pupils in the fourth form. Its theoretical foundations are found in audition psychology and linguistics. The primary role attributed to language skills gives way to a systematic and holistic description of the compiled vocabulary. For this thesis, original content analysis tools have been designed, based on the corpus. Its contribution is thus essentially methodological. The selected indicators enable us to assess the disparities in informative density according to the piece heard and the drafting register of the commentary. Based on a synthesis of the results obtained, it is thus possible to establish a typology of written commentaries and bring to light some stylistic and formal aspects of the selected pieces of music through a reasoned analysis of lexical intensification areas